Assignment
islandgyal
Natural_gas_pipeline_flow_calculations_si_final_lockedtemplate.xlsx1. Contents
| Natural Gas Pipeline Flow Calculations - S.I. Units | |||||||||||
| Workbook Contents | |||||||||||
| Click on tabs at the bottom of the screen to access the following: | NOTE: The cells containing formulas are locked (protected) to avoid the | ||||||||||
| possibility of inadvertently typing over any of the formulas. You may, | |||||||||||
| Tab 1. Contents (current tab) | however, adjust the number of decmal places for any of the cells. | ||||||||||
| Tab 2. User Inputs and Preliminary Calculations | |||||||||||
| (Entered & calculated values are used in the other worksheets.) | |||||||||||
| Tab 3. Flow Rate | |||||||||||
| Tab 4. Pipe Diameter | |||||||||||
| Tab 5. Exit Pressure | |||||||||||
| Tab 6. Inlet Pressure | |||||||||||
| Copyright © McGraw-Hill Global Education Holdings, LLC. All rights reserved. |
2. User Inputs
| Natural Gas Pipeline Flow Calculations - S.I. Units | References and Equations | ||||||||||||
| User Input and Preliminary Calculations for use in Other Worksheets | |||||||||||||
| For background and descriptive information about Natural Gas Pipeline Flow Calculations see: | |||||||||||||
| Enter values in yellow cells only. | Piping Calculations Manual, Section 7, Gas System Piping | ||||||||||||
| INPUT INFO | Piping Calculations Manual, Section 7.1, Gas Properties | ||||||||||||
| Piping Calculations Manual, Section 7.2, Pressure Drop Due to Friction | |||||||||||||
| Inlet Pressure, P1 = | 32.4 | bar abs | Elevation Diff, DH = | 18.29 | m | ||||||||
| (outlet elev. - inlet elev.) | Equations used in this Worksheet: | ||||||||||||
| Outlet Pressure, P2 = | 24.1 | bar abs | Pipeline Efficiency, E = | 0.92 | |||||||||
| Piping Calculations Manual, Equation 7.43 (for average gas pipeline pressure) | |||||||||||||
| Base Pressure, Pb = | 1.014 | bar abs | Gas Spec. Gravity, G = | 0.82 | Pavg = (2/3)[P1 + P2 - P1P2/(P1 + P2)] | ||||||||
| (standard conditions) | |||||||||||||
| Base Temperature, Tb = | 15.56 | oC | Ave. Gas Temp, TF = | 56.11 | oC | Piping Calculations Manual, Equation 7.28 (CNGA eqn for compressibility factor, Z) | |||||||
| (standard conditions) | Compressibility | ||||||||||||
| Pipe Length, L = | 40.00 | km | Factor, Z = | California Natural | |||||||||
| (Leave this cell blank if you want to use | Gas Association (CNGA) | ||||||||||||
| Z calculated with the CNGA eqn.) | equation for Z | ||||||||||||
| (converted to S.I. units) | |||||||||||||
| PRELIM. CALC'NS | Piping Calculations Manual, Equation 7.2 (Equation for Molecular Weight of gas) | ||||||||||||
| Ave. Pressure, Pave = | 28.5 | bar abs | Gas Density, rg = | 27.142 | kg/m3 | MWgas = (MWair)G = (28.9625)G | |||||||
| Compressibility | (at ave. T & P in pipeline ) | ||||||||||||
| Factor, Z = | 0.9101 | Viscosity Const., xv = | 5.401 | Piping Calculations Manual, Equation 7.44 | |||||||||
| (Equation for Effective Length of Pipeline, Le) | |||||||||||||
| Gas Mol. Wt., MW = | 23.76 | Viscosity Const., kv = | 31.7 | ||||||||||
| Change in | Piping Calculations Manual, Equation 7.45 | ||||||||||||
| Elevation Factor, s = | 3.418E-03 | Viscosity Const., yv = | 1.320 | oC | (Equation for Effective Length Factor, s, | ||||||||
| converted to S.I. units.) | |||||||||||||
| Effective Length, Le = | 40.068 | km | Gas Viscosity, mg = | 0.00365 | cp | Piping Calculations Manual, Equation 7.11 | (the real gas equation - PV =ZnRT) | ||||||
| The real gas equation can be used together with the definition of molecular weight to get the | |||||||||||||
| following equation for the density of the natural gas: | |||||||||||||
| Copyright © McGraw-Hill Global Education Holdings, LLC. All rights reserved. | |||||||||||||
| r = P(MW)/ZRT | |||||||||||||
| The viscosity of the natural gas is calculated using the Lee, Gonzalez and Eakin equation. | |||||||||||||
| Reference: Lee, A, Gonzalez, M, Eakin, B. (1966), "The Viscosity of Natural Gases", SPE Paper 1340, | |||||||||||||
| Journal of Petroleum Technology, Vol 18, PP 997 - 1000. | |||||||||||||
| CHANNEL SHAPE | |||||||||||||
3. Flow Rate
| Natural Gas Pipeline Flow Calculations - S.I. Units | References and Equations | |||||||||
| Calculation of Flow Rate, Q | ||||||||||
| For background and descriptive information about Natural Gas Pipeline Flow Calculations see: | ||||||||||
| Enter values in yellow cells only. | Piping Calculation Manual, Section 7, Gas System Piping | |||||||||
| INPUT INFORMATION | Piping Calculation Manual, Section 7.1, Gas Properties | |||||||||
| Piping Calculation Manual, Section 7.2, Pressure Drop Due to Friction | ||||||||||
| Pipe I.D., D = | 1016 | mm | ||||||||
| Equations used in this Worksheet: | ||||||||||
| Input values transferred from Worksheet 2: | ||||||||||
| Piping Calculations Manual, Equation 7.74 (The Weymouth Equation) | ||||||||||
| Inlet Pressure, P1 = | 32.4 | bar abs | Pipeline Efficiency, E = | 0.92 | ||||||
| Outlet Pressure, P2 = | 24.1 | bar abs | Gas Spec. Gravity, G = | 0.82 | ||||||
| Base Pressure, Pb = | 1.014 | bar abs | Base Temperature, Tb = | 15.56 | oC | |||||
| (standard conditions) | (standard conditions) | |||||||||
| Ave. Gas Press., Pave = | 28.5 | bar abs | Ave. Gas Temp, TF = | 56.11 | oC | Note that all three equations shown here have been adjusted to account for an | ||||
| Change in | Compressibility | elevation difference between the entrance and the exit of the pipeline section. | ||||||||
| Elevation Factor, s = | 3.418E-03 | km | Factor, Z = | 0.9101 | This adjustment consists of replacing L with Le and P12 - P22 with (P12 - esP22), as | |||||
| discussed and illustrated for the General Flow Equation between | ||||||||||
| Pipe Length, L = | 40.00 | km | Effective Length, Le = | 40.068 | km | Equations 7.44 and 7.48 in the Piping Calculations Manual | ||||
| RESULTS | Piping Calculations Manual, Equation 7.72 (The Panhandle A Equation) | |||||||||
| Calculation of Gas Flow Rate with Weymouth Equation: | ||||||||||
| Gas Flow Rate, Q = | 2.22E+07 | SCMD | Gas Flow Rate, Q = | 22.24 | MMSCMD | |||||
| Calculation of Gas Flow Rate with Panhandle A Equation: | ||||||||||
| Piping Calculations Manual, Equation 7.73 (The Panhandle B Equation) | ||||||||||
| Gas Flow Rate, Q = | 2.66E+07 | SCMD | Gas Flow Rate, Q = | 26.61 | MMSCMD | |||||
| Calculation of Gas Flow Rate with Panhandle B Equation: | ||||||||||
| Gas Flow Rate, Q = | 2.50E+07 | SCMD | Gas Flow Rate, Q = | 25.00 | MMSCMD | |||||
| Copyright © McGraw-Hill Global Education Holdings, LLC. All rights reserved. | ||||||||||
4. Pipe Diameter
| Natural Gas Pipeline Flow Calculations - S.I. Units | References and Equations | |||||||||
| Calculation of Required Pipe Diameter, D | ||||||||||
| For background and descriptive information about Natural Gas Pipeline Flow Calculations see: | ||||||||||
| Enter values in yellow cells only. | Piping Calculations Manual, Section 7, Gas System Piping | |||||||||
| INPUT INFORMATION | Piping Calculations Manual, Section 7.1, Gas Properties | |||||||||
| Piping Calculations Manual, Section 7.2, Pressure Drop Due to Friction | ||||||||||
| Gas Flow Rate, Q = | 25.00 | MMSCMD = | 2.50E+07 | SCMD | ||||||
| Equations used in this Worksheet: | ||||||||||
| Input values transferred from Worksheet 2: | ||||||||||
| Piping Calculations Manual, Equation 7.74 (The Weymouth Equation) (solved for D) | ||||||||||
| Inlet Pressure, P1 = | 32.4 | bar abs | Pipeline Efficiency, E = | 0.92 | ||||||
| Outlet Pressure, P2 = | 24.1 | bar abs | Gas Spec. Gravity, G = | 0.82 | ||||||
| Base Pressure, Pb = | 1.014 | bar abs | Base Temperature, Tb = | 15.56 | oC | |||||
| (standard conditions) | (standard conditions) | |||||||||
| Ave. Gas Press., Pave = | 28.47 | bar abs | Ave. Gas Temp, TF = | 56.11 | oC | |||||
| Change in | Compressibility | Note that all three equations shown here have been adjusted to account for an | ||||||||
| Elevation Factor, s = | 3.418E-03 | km | Factor, Z = | 0.9101 | elevation difference between the entrance and the exit of the pipeline section. | |||||
| This adjustment consists of replacing L with Le and P12 - P22 with (P12 - esP22), as | ||||||||||
| Pipe Length, L = | 40.0 | km | Effective Length, Le = | 40.0684 | km | discussed and illustrated for the General Flow Equation between | ||||
| Equations 7.44 and 7.48 in the Piping Calculations Manual | ||||||||||
| RESULTS | Piping Calculations Manual, Equation 7.72 (The Panhandle A Equation) (solved for D) | |||||||||
| Calculation of Required Pipe Diameter with Weymouth Equation: | ||||||||||
| Req'd Pipe Diam., D = | 1061.5 | mm | ||||||||
| Calculation of Required Pipe Diameter with Panhandle A Equation: | ||||||||||
| Req'd Pipe Diam., D = | 992.1 | mm | Piping Calculations Manual, Equation 7.73 (The Panhandle B Equation) (solved for D) | |||||||
| Calculation of Required Pipe Diameter with Panhandle B Equation: | ||||||||||
| Req'd Pipe Diam., D = | 1016.0 | mm | ||||||||
| Copyright © McGraw-Hill Global Education Holdings, LLC. All rights reserved. |
5. Exit Pressure
| Natural Gas Pipeline Flow Calculations - S.I. Units | References and Equations | |||||||||
| Calculation of Outlet Pressure, P2 (An iterative calculation is needed.) | ||||||||||
| For background and descriptive information about Natural Gas Pipeline Flow Calculations see: | ||||||||||
| Enter values in yellow cells only. | Piping Calculations Manual, Section 7, Gas System Piping | |||||||||
| INPUT INFORMATION | Piping Calculations Manual, Section 7.1, Gas Properties | |||||||||
| Piping Calculations Manual, Section 7.2, Pressure Drop Due to Friction | ||||||||||
| Gas Flow Rate, Q = | 25.00 | MMSCMD | Pipe I.D., D = | 1016 | mm | |||||
| 2.50E+07 | SCMD | Equations used in this Worksheet: | ||||||||
| Input values transferred from Worksheet 2: | Piping Calculations Manual, Equation 7.74 (The Weymouth Equation) (solved for P2 ) | |||||||||
| Inlet Pressure, P1 = | 32.4 | bar abs | Pipeline Efficiency, E = | 0.92 | ||||||
| Base Pressure, Pb = | 1.0 | bar abs | Base Temperature, Tb = | 15.56 | oC | |||||
| (standard conditions) | (standard conditions) | |||||||||
| Pipe Length, L = | 40.0 | km | Gas Spec. Gravity, G = | 0.82 | ||||||
| Note that all three equations shown here have been adjusted to account for an | ||||||||||
| Ave. Gas Temp, TF = | 56.11 | oC | Elevation Diff., DH = | 18.29 | m | elevation difference between the entrance and the exit of the pipeline section. | ||||
| (outlet elev. - inlet elev.) | This adjustment consists of replacing L with Le and P12 - P22 with (P12 - esP22), as | |||||||||
| discussed and illustrated for the General Flow Equation between | ||||||||||
| Equations 7.44 and 7.48 in the Piping Calculations Manual | ||||||||||
| RESULTS - WEYMOUTH EQN | Calculation of Outlet Pressure with Weymouth Equation | |||||||||
| Piping Calculations Manual, Equation 7.72 (The Panhandle A Equation) (solved for P2 ) | ||||||||||
| Change in | ||||||||||
| Ave. Gas Press., Pave = | 37.4 | bar abs | Elevation Factor, s = | 3.52E-03 | ||||||
| Compressibility | ||||||||||
| Factor, Z = | 0.8842 | Effective Length, Le = | 40.070 | km | ||||||
| Outlet Gas Press., P2 = | 42.0 | bar abs | ||||||||
| (enter an estimated value to start the calculation) | Piping Calculations Manual, Equation 7.73 (The Panhandle B Equation) (solved for P2 ) | |||||||||
| Outlet Gas Press., P2 = | 21.8 | bar abs | P2-estim - P2-calc = | 20.162 | bar abs | |||||
| (calculated) | ||||||||||
| NOTE: You must use Excel's "Goal Seek" to find the outlet pressure as follows: Place the | ||||||||||
| cursor on cell G33 and click on "goal seek" (in the "tools" menu of older versions and under | ||||||||||
| "Data - What If Analysis" in newer versions of Excel). Enter values to "Set cell:" G33, "To | ||||||||||
| value: "0", "By changing cell:" D31, and click on "OK". The calculated value of P2 will | ||||||||||
| appear in cell D33. The yellow cell D31 needs an initial estimate of P2 to start the process | ||||||||||
| and will also have the correct value of P2 after completing the Goal Seek operation. | ||||||||||
| RESULTS - PANHANDLE A EQN | Copyright © McGraw-Hill Global Education Holdings, LLC. All rights reserved. | |||||||||
| Calculation of Outlet Pressure with Panhandle A Equation | ||||||||||
| Change in | ||||||||||
| Ave. Gas Press., Pave = | 37.4 | bar abs | Elevation Factor, s = | 3.52E-03 | ||||||
| Compressibility | ||||||||||
| Factor, Z = | 0.8842 | Effective Length, Le = | 40.0705 | km | ||||||
| Outlet Gas Press., P2 = | 42.0 | bar abs | ||||||||
| (enter an estimated value to start the calculation) | ||||||||||
| Outlet Gas Press., P2 = | 25.4 | bar abs | P2-estim - P2-calc = | 16.611 | bar abs | |||||
| (calculated) | ||||||||||
| NOTE: You must use Excel's "Goal Seek" to find the outlet pressure by setting | ||||||||||
| Cell G53 equal to zero by changing Cell D51, as described in detail above under the | ||||||||||
| Weymouth equation calculations. | ||||||||||
| RESULTS - PANHANDLE B EQN | ||||||||||
| Calculation of Outlet Pressure with Panhandle B Equation | ||||||||||
| Change in | ||||||||||
| Ave. Gas Press., Pave = | 28.5 | bar abs | Elevation Factor, s = | 3.42E-03 | ||||||
| Compressibility | ||||||||||
| Factor, Z = | 0.9101 | Effective Length, Le = | 40.068 | km | ||||||
| Outlet Gas Press., P2 = | 24.1 | bar abs | ||||||||
| (enter an estimated value to start the calculation) | ||||||||||
| Outlet Gas Press., P2 = | 24.1 | bar abs | P2-estim - P2-calc = | 0.000 | bar abs | |||||
| (calculated) | ||||||||||
| NOTE: You must use Excel's "Goal Seek" to find the outlet pressure by setting | ||||||||||
| Cell G72 equal to zero by changing Cell D70, as described in detail above under the | ||||||||||
| Weymouth equation calculations. | ||||||||||
6. Inlet Pressure
| Natural Gas Pipeline Flow Calculations - S.I. Units | References and Equations | |||||||||
| Calculation of Inlet Pressure, P1 (An iterative calculation is needed.) | ||||||||||
| For background and descriptive information about Natural Gas Pipeline Flow Calculations see: | ||||||||||
| Enter values in yellow cells only. | Piping Calculations Manual, Section 7, Gas System Piping | |||||||||
| INPUT INFORMATION | Piping Calculations Manual, Section 7.1, Gas Properties | |||||||||
| Piping Calculations Manual, Section 7.2, Pressure Drop Due to Friction | ||||||||||
| Gas Flow Rate, Q = | 25.00 | MMSCMD | Pipe I.D., D = | 1016 | mm | |||||
| 2.500E+07 | SCMD | Equations used in this Worksheet: | ||||||||
| Input values transferred from Worksheet 2: | Piping Calculations Manual, Equation 7.74 (The Weymouth Equation) (solved for P1 ) | |||||||||
| Outlet Pressure, P2 = | 24.1 | bar abs | Pipeline Efficiency, E = | 0.92 | ||||||
| Base Pressure, Pb = | 1.014 | bar abs | Base Temperature, Tb = | 15.56 | oC | |||||
| (standard conditions) | (standard conditions) | |||||||||
| Pipe Length, L = | 40.00 | km | Gas Spec. Gravity, G = | 0.82 | ||||||
| Ave. Gas Temp, TF = | 56.11 | oC | Elevation Diff., DH = | 18.29 | m | Note that all three equations shown here have been adjusted to account for an | ||||
| (outlet elev. - inlet elev.) | elevation difference between the entrance and the exit of the pipeline section. | |||||||||
| This adjustment consists of replacing L with Le and P12 - P22 with (P12 - esP22), as | ||||||||||
| discussed and illustrated for the General Flow Equation between | ||||||||||
| RESULTS - WEYMOUTH EQN | Calculation of Inlet Pressure with Weymouth Equation | Equations 7.44 and 7.48 in the Piping Calculations Manual | ||||||||
| Change in | Piping Calculations Manual, Equation 7.72 (The Panhandle A Equation) (solved for P1 ) | |||||||||
| Ave. Gas Press., Pave = | 45.8 | bar abs | Elevation Factor, s = | 3.61E-03 | ||||||
| Compressibility | ||||||||||
| Factor, Z = | 0.8611 | Effective Length, Le = | 40.07 | km | ||||||
| Inlet Gas Press., P1 = | 62.0 | bar abs | ||||||||
| (enter an estimated value to start the calculation) | ||||||||||
| Inlet Gas Press., P1 = | 33.8 | bar abs | P1-estim - P1-calc = | 28.2251 | bar abs | Piping Calculations Manual, Equation 7.73 (The Panhandle B Equation) (solved for P1 ) | ||||
| (calculated) | ||||||||||
| NOTE: You must use Excel's "Goal Seek" to find the inlet pressure as follows: Place the | ||||||||||
| cursor on cell G33 and click on "goal seek" (in the "tools" menu of older versions and under | ||||||||||
| "Data - What If Analysis" in newer versions of Excel). Enter values to "Set cell:" G33, "To | ||||||||||
| value: "0", "By changing cell:" D31, and click on "OK". The calculated value of P1 will | ||||||||||
| appear in cell D33. The yellow cell D31 needs an initial estimate of P1 to start the process | ||||||||||
| and will also have the correct value of P1 after completing the Goal Seek operation. | ||||||||||
| RESULTS - PANHANDLE A EQN | Copyright © McGraw-Hill Global Education Holdings, LLC. All rights reserved. | |||||||||
| Calculation of Inlet Pressure with Panhandle A Equation | ||||||||||
| Change in | ||||||||||
| Ave. Gas Press., Pave = | 45.8 | bar abs | Elevation Factor, s = | 3.61E-03 | ||||||
| Compressibility | ||||||||||
| Factor, Z = | 0.8611 | Effective Length, Le = | 40.072 | km | ||||||
| Inlet Gas Press., P1 = | 62.0 | bar abs | ||||||||
| (enter an estimated value to start the calculation) | ||||||||||
| Inlet Gas Press., P1 = | 31.3 | bar abs | P1-estim - P1-calc = | 30.7476 | bar abs | |||||
| (calculated) | ||||||||||
| NOTE: You must use Excel's "Goal Seek" to find the inlet pressure by setting | ||||||||||
| Cell G53 equal to zero by changing Cell D51, as described in detail above under the | ||||||||||
| Weymouth equation calculations. | ||||||||||
| RESULTS - PANHANDLE B EQN | ||||||||||
| Calculation of Inlet Pressure with Panhandle B Equation | ||||||||||
| Change in | ||||||||||
| Ave. Gas Press., Pave = | 28.5 | bar abs | Elevation Factor, s = | 3.42E-03 | ||||||
| Compressibility | ||||||||||
| Factor, Z = | 0.9101 | Effective Length, Le = | 40.0684 | km | ||||||
| Inlet Gas Press., P1 = | 32.4 | bar abs | ||||||||
| (enter an estimated value to start the calculation) | ||||||||||
| Inlet Gas Press., P1 = | 32.4 | bar abs | P1-estim - P1-calc = | 0.0000 | bar abs | |||||
| (calculated) | ||||||||||
| NOTE: You must use Excel's "Goal Seek" to find the inlet pressure by setting | ||||||||||
| Cell G72 equal to zero by changing Cell D70, as described in detail above under the | ||||||||||
| Weymouth equation calculations. | ||||||||||
