For A-plus Writer Only

NationalVitalStatisticsReports.pdf

Home >Social Science homework help >For A-plus Writer Only

National Vital Statistics Reports Volume 58, Number 19 May 20, 2010

Deaths: Final Data for 2007 by Jiaquan Xu, M.D.; Kenneth D. Kochanek, M.A.; Sherry L. Murphy, B.S.; and Betzaida Tejada-Vera, B.S.; Division of Vital Statistics

weight, not elsewhere classified (low birthweight)

Abstract Objectives—This report presents final 2007 data on U.S. deaths,

death rates, life expectancy, infant and maternal mortality, and trends by selected characteristics such as age, sex, Hispanic origin, race, marital status, educational attainment, injury at work, state of residence, and cause of death.

Methods—Information reported on death certificates, which are completed by funeral directors, attending physicians, medical exam iners, and coroners, is presented in descriptive tabulations. The original records are filed in state registration offices. Statistical information is compiled in a national database through the Vital Statistics Cooperative Program of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s National Center for Health Statistics. Causes of death are processed in accor dance with the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision.

Results—In 2007, a total of 2,423,712 deaths were reported in the United States. The age-adjusted death rate was 760.2 deaths per 100,000 standard population, a decrease of 2.1 percent from the 2006 rate and a record low historical figure. Life expectancy at birth rose 0.2 year, from a 2006 value of 77.7 years to a record 77.9 in 2007. Age-specific death rates decreased for most age groups—15–24, 35–44, 45–54, 55–64, 65–74, 75–84, and 85 and over—and remained unchanged for the age groups of under age 1, 1–4, 5–14, and 25–34. The 15 leading causes of death in 2007 remained the same as in 2006 with the exception of two causes that exchanged ranks. Alzheimer’s disease, the seventh leading cause of death in 2006, became the sixth leading cause in 2007, and Diabetes mellitus, the sixth leading cause in 2006, dropped to the seventh leading cause in 2007. Heart disease and cancer continued to be the leading and second-leading causes of death, respectively, together accounting for almost one-half of all deaths (48.6 percent). The infant mortality rate in 2007 was 6.75 deaths per 1,000 live births.

Conclusions—Mortality patterns in 2007, such as the decline in the age-adjusted death rate to a record historical low, were generally consistent with long-term trends. Life expectancy reached a record high in 2007, increasing 0.2 year from 2006.

Keywords: mortality c cause of death c life expectancy c vital statistics

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEAL Centers for Disease Co

National Center fo National Vital St

Highlights

Mortality experience in 2007

+ In 2007, a total of 2,423,712 resident deaths were registered in the United States.

+ The age-adjusted death rate, which takes the aging of the popu lation into account, was 760.2 deaths per 100,000 U.S. standard population.

+ Life expectancy at birth was 77.9 years. + The 15 leading causes of death in 2007 were:

1. Diseases of heart (heart disease) 2. Malignant neoplasms (cancer) 3. Cerebrovascular diseases (stroke) 4. Chronic lower respiratory diseases 5. Accidents (unintentional injuries) 6. Alzheimer’s disease 7. Diabetes mellitus (diabetes) 8. Influenza and pneumonia 9. Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome and nephrosis

(kidney disease) 10. Septicemia 11. Intentional self-harm (suicide) 12. Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis 13. Essential hypertension and hypertensive renal disease

(hypertension) 14. Parkinson’s disease 15. Assault (homicide)

+ In 2007, the infant mortality rate was 6.75 infant deaths per 1,000 live births.

+ The 10 leading causes of infant death were:

1. Congenital malformations, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities (congenital malformations)

2. Disorders related to short gestation and low birth

TH AND HUMAN SERVICES ntrol and Prevention r Health Statistics atistics System

2 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 19, May 20, 2010

3. Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) 4. Newborn affected by maternal complications of

pregnancy (maternal complications) 5. Accidents (unintentional injuries) 6. Newborn affected by complications of placenta,

cord and membranes (cord and placental complications)

7. Bacterial sepsis of newborn 8. Respiratory distress of newborn 9. Diseases of the circulatory system

10. Neonatal hemorrhage

Trends

+ The age-adjusted death rate in 2007 declined to a record low. + Life expectancy was 77.9 years, continuing a long-term rising

trend. Life expectancy increased for the total population, as well as for the black and white populations. Black males and females and white males and females experienced an increase in life expectancy in 2007 compared with 2006.

+ Age-adjusted death rates decreased significantly in 2007 from 2006 for 5 of the 15 leading causes of death, and increased for 2 of the 15 leading causes. Rates for the top three leading causes—heart disease, cancer, and stroke—continued a long- term decreasing trend. Significant increases occurred for suicide and Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis.

+ The differences in mortality between men and women increased slightly in 2007 from 2006. The age-adjusted death rate for men was 40.8 percent greater than that for women, up from 40.6 per cent in 2006, while the difference between male and female life expectancy was 5.0 years in 2007, a slight decrease from the 2006 gap of 5.1.

+ Differences in mortality between the black and white populations persisted. The age-adjusted death rate was 1.3 times greater, infant mortality rate 2.3 times greater, and maternal mortality rate 2.7 times greater for the black population than for the white population. Differences in life expectancy between the black and white populations narrowed by 0.2 year, from 5.0 years in 2006 to 4.8 in 2007.

+ The postneonatal mortality rate increased 4.5 percent in 2007 from 2006.

Introduction This report presents detailed 2007 data on deaths and death

rates according to a number of social, demographic, and medical characteristics. These data provide information on mortality patterns among residents of the United States by such variables as age, sex, Hispanic origin, race, marital status, educational attainment, injury at work, state of residence, and cause of death. Information on these mortality patterns is key to understanding changes in the health and well-being of the U.S. population (1).

Preliminary data for 2007 were presented in the report ‘‘Deaths: Preliminary Data for 2007’’ using a 91 percent (demographic file) sample of U.S. deaths weighted to independent control totals (2). The findings of this report, based on the final mortality file, are generally consistent with those based on preliminary data; the final mortality file

incorporates some modifications to the preliminary file as described in ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ Separate companion reports will present additional details on leading causes of death and life expectancy in the United States (3,4).

Mortality data in this report can be used to monitor and evaluate the health status of the United States in terms of current mortality levels and long-term mortality trends, as well as to identify segments of the U.S. population at greater risk of death from specific diseases and injuries. Differences in death rates among various demographic sub- populations, including race and ethnic groups, may reflect subpopu lation differences in factors such as socioeconomic status, access to medical care, and the prevalence of specific risk factors in a particular subpopulation.

Methods Data in this report are based on information from all resident

death certificates filed in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. More than 99 percent of deaths occurring in this country are believed to be registered (5). Tables showing data by state also provide information for Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (Northern Marianas). Cause-of-death statistics presented in this report are classified in accordance with the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD–10) (6). A discussion of the cause-of death classification is provided in ‘‘Technical Notes.’’

Mortality data on specific demographic and medical characteristics except educational attainment cover all 50 states and the District of Columbia. Educational attainment data are provided separately for the 22 states and the District of Columbia that used the 2003 version of the standard death certificate, and the 26 states that used the 1989 version of the standard death certificate. Georgia and Rhode Island were excluded because the educational attainment item was not on their death certificate. Details on reporting areas for educational attain ment are provided in ‘‘Technical Notes.’’

Measures of mortality in this report include the number of deaths; crude, age-specific, and age-adjusted death rates; infant, neonatal, postneonatal, and maternal mortality rates; life expectancy; and rate ratios. Changes in death rates in 2007 compared with 2006, and differences in death rates across demographic groups in 2007, are tested for statistical significance. Unless otherwise specified, reported differences are statistically significant. Additional information on these statistical methods, random variation and relative standard error, the computation of derived statistics and rates, population denominators, and the definition of terms is presented in ‘‘Technical Notes.’’

The populations used to calculate death rates for 2000–2007 and the intercensal period 1991–1999 shown in this report were produced under a collaborative arrangement with the U.S. Census Bureau and are consistent with the 2000 census. Reflecting the new guidelines issued in 1997 by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB), the 2000 census included an option for persons to report more than one race as appropriate for themselves and household members (7); see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ The 1997 OMB guidelines also provided for the reporting of Asian persons separately from Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander (NHOPI) persons. Under the prior OMB standards issued in 1977, data for Asian or Pacific Islander (API) persons were collected as a single group (8). Most death certificates currently collect

3 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 19, May 20, 2010

only one race for the decedent in the same categories as specified in the 1977 OMB guidelines; that is, death certificate data do not report Asian persons separately from NHOPI persons. Death certificate data by race—the source of the numerators for death rates—are thus currently incompatible with the population data collected in the 2000 census and postcensal estimates—the denominators for the rates. To produce death rates by race for 2000–2007, and revised intercensal rates for the 1991–1999 period, the reported population data for multiple-race persons had to be ‘‘bridged’’ to single-race categories. In addition, the 2000 census counts were modified to be consistent with the 1977 OMB race categories; that is, to report the data for Asian and NHOPI persons as a combined category, API, and to reflect age as of the census reference date (9). The procedures used to produce the bridged populations are described in separate publications (10,11). The bridged population data are anticipated to be used over the next few years for computing population-based rates by race. Beginning with deaths occurring in 2003, some states allowed for multiple-race reporting on the death certificate. Multiple-race data for these states are bridged to single-race categories; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ Once all states are collecting data on race according to the 1997 OMB guide lines, use of the bridged-race algorithm is expected to be discontinued.

Note that the population data used to compile death rates by race in this report are based on special estimation procedures—they are not true counts. This is the case even for the 2000 populations. The estimation procedures used to develop these populations contain some error. Smaller population groups are affected much more than larger population groups (10). Over the next several years, additional infor mation will be incorporated in the estimation procedures, possibly resulting in further revisions of the population estimates; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ Data presented in this report and other mortality tabulations are

Table A. Percentage change in death rates and age-adjusted sex: United States [Based on death rates on an annual basis per 100,000 population, and age-adjusted rates races other than white and black should be interpreted with caution because of inconsiste ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ Race categories are consistent with the 1977 Office of Management an

All races White1

Both Both Age sexes Male Female sexes Male Femal

All ages

Crude . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –0.8 –0.6 –1.1 –0.8 –0.5 –1.0 Age adjusted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –2.1 –2.1 –2.2 –2.0 –1.9 –2.1

Under 1 year4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –0.9 –1.1 –0.6 –0.4 –0.8 0.1 1–4 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.7 2.6 –2.3 1.2 2.9 –1.7 5–14 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.7 –1.1 2.3 1.4 –1.2 4.2 15–24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –2.8 –2.9 –1.9 –2.9 –3.3 –1.2 25–34 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –1.3 –1.9 –0.2 –0.3 –0.9 1.2 35–44 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –3.0 –2.9 –3.3 –2.5 –2.8 –2.2 45–54 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –1.5 –2.0 –0.8 –1.0 –1.3 –0.4 55–64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –1.5 –0.8 –2.5 –1.4 –0.8 –2.5 65–74 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –2.5 –2.4 –2.7 –2.5 –2.4 –2.7 75–84 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –2.0 –2.3 –1.9 –1.9 –2.2 –1.8 85 years and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . –2.3 –2.1 –2.5 –2.3 –2.0 –2.5

1Multiple-race data were reported by 27 states and the District of Columbia in 2007. The multiple-race standards for comparability with other reporting areas; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ 2Includes Aleuts and Eskimos. 3Includes Chinese, Filipino, Hawaiian, Japanese, and Other Asian or Pacific Islander. 4Death rates for ‘‘under 1 year’’ (based on population estimates) differ from infant mortality rates (base

available at the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) website, http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/deaths.htm. Availability of mortality microdata is described in ‘‘Technical Notes.’’

Results and Discussion

Deaths and death rates

In 2007, a total of 2,423,712 resident deaths were registered in the United States, 2,552 fewer deaths than in 2006. The crude death rate for 2007, 803.6 deaths per 100,000 population, was 0.8 percent less than the 2006 rate (810.4) (Tables A, 1, and 3).

The age-adjusted death rate in 2007 was 760.2 deaths per 100,000 U.S. standard population, a record low value that was 2.1 per cent lower than the 2006 rate of 776.5 (Tables 1 and A). Age-adjusted death rates are constructs that show what the level of mortality would be if no changes occurred in the age composition of the population from year to year. (For a discussion of age-adjusted death rates, see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’) Thus, age-adjusted death rates are better indica tors than unadjusted (crude) death rates for examining changes in the risk of death over a period of time when the age distribution of the population is changing. Age-adjusted death rates also are better indi cators of relative risk when comparing mortality across geographic areas or between sex or race subgroups of the population that have different age distributions; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ Since 1980, the age-adjusted death rate has decreased every year except 1983, 1985, 1988, 1993, and 1999. Those years coincided with influenza outbreaks (12–15).The pace of decline for age-adjusted death rates during the last 7 years has been faster than for previous decades. From 1980

death rates in 2007 from 2006, by age, race, and

per 100,000 U.S. standard population; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ Data for specified ncies between reporting race on death certificates and on censuses and surveys; see d Budget (OMB) standards]

American Indian or Black1 Alaska Native1,2 Asian or Pacific Islander1,3

Both Both Both e sexes Male Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Female

Percent change

–1.3 –1.4 –1.2 1.3 2.3 0.0 0.4 0.2 0.6 –2.4 –2.6 –2.4 –2.3 –0.4 –4.0 –3.2 –3.3 –3.3

–4.1 –3.1 –5.2 5.0 –4.5 20.4 6.5 2.9 11.4 –2.5 –3.8 –1.0 0.9 9.5 –8.9 10.7 39.8 –15.2 –1.4 –0.8 –2.3 7.7 34.9 –21.7 1.9 8.0 –4.9 –2.5 –1.9 –4.7 –6.9 –7.9 –3.5 –1.8 –1.1 –3.9 –5.0 –5.5 –4.2 1.0 2.2 –1.6 –5.1 –7.6 –1.4 –4.7 –3.4 –6.5 –2.6 –1.8 –4.2 –1.0 0.5 –3.3 –3.7 –4.9 –2.0 –1.5 –3.2 1.2 –3.3 –1.5 –6.2 –1.8 –1.1 –2.7 0.8 0.7 1.0 –3.4 –5.0 –1.1 –1.6 –1.8 –1.3 –1.6 –0.7 –2.7 –4.2 –1.8 –7.3 –2.7 –3.0 –2.5 –4.5 –0.1 –8.3 –2.1 –1.9 –2.2 –1.7 –1.8 –1.6 –3.2 1.3 –5.8 –4.5 –6.4 –3.0

data for these reporting areas were bridged to the single-race categories of the 1977 OMB

d on live births).

http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/deaths.htm

4 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 19, May 20, 2010

through 1989, the decline was 8.5 percent; from 1990 through 1999, 6.7 percent; and from 2000 through 2007, 12.5 percent (Figure 1 and Table 1).

Race—In 2007, age-adjusted death rates for the major race groups (Table 1) were:

+ White population, 749.4 deaths per 100,000 U.S. standard population

+ Black population, 958.0 + American Indian or Alaska Native (AIAN) population, 627.2 + API population, 415.0

Rates for the AIAN and API populations should be interpreted with caution because of reporting problems regarding correct identi fication of race on both the death certificate and in population censuses and surveys. The net effect of the reporting problems is for the AIAN rate to be approximately 30 percent understated and the API rate to be approximately 7 percent understated (16).

In 2007, the age-adjusted death rate for the black population was 1.3 times that for the white population (Table B); that is, the average risk of death for the black population was about 30.0 percent higher than for the white population. The ratio (shown to one decimal place) has remained constant since 1997. From 1960 through 1982, rates for the black and white populations declined by similar percentages—22.6 and 26.5 percent, respectively. From 1983 through 1988, rates diverged (17), increasing 5.2 percent for the black population and decreasing 1.7 percent for the white population. The disparity in age- adjusted death rates between the black and white populations reached its widest point in 1989 (1.4 times greater). Since then, the disparity between the two populations has narrowed as the age-adjusted rate for the black population declined by 24.9 percent and the rate for the white population declined by 18.6 percent. (Table 1 and Figure 2).

In 2007, decreases in age-adjusted death rates were observed for both white and black males and females compared with 2006. In order of relative magnitude of decrease, the reductions from 2006 were 2.6 percent for black males, 2.4 percent for black females, 2.1 percent for white females, and 1.9 percent for white males (Tables A and 1).

In general, age-adjusted death rates have declined from 1980 through 2007 for white males and females and black males and females. The rate decreased an average of 1.4 percent per year for white males, 0.8 percent for white females, 1.3 percent for black males, and 1.0 percent for black females during 1980–2007. However, increases were observed for both white males and white females in 1983, 1985, 1988, and 1993. In addition, the age-adjusted death rate for white females increased in 1995 and 1999. For black males, age-adjusted death rates tended to decrease, except for a period of increase from 1983 through 1988. Rates for black females decreased from 1980 through 2007, although with considerable variability in direction of change from year to year (Table 1).

In 2007, the age-adjusted death rate for the AIAN population was 0.8 times that for the white population (Table B); that is, the average risk of death for the AIAN population was about 20 percent lower than for the white population. Despite fluctuations over time and a trend toward convergence in rates from 1988 through 1999, the AIAN-to white ratio has been consistently lower than 1.0 since 1980. The AIAN advantage in mortality is due in large part to the underreporting of AIAN mortality on death certificates. From 1980 through 1988, the age- adjusted rate for the AIAN population declined by 17.1 percent (Fig ure 2 and Table 1). However, the rate fluctuated from 1989 through 1999, peaking at 796.4 deaths per 100,000 U.S. standard population in 1993. Overall, the age-adjusted rate increased by 2.5 percent from 1989 through 1999, and has since trended downward. From 1999 through 2007, it declined by 19.7 percent. In 2007, the age-adjusted rate decreased by 4.0 percent from 2006 for AIAN females. The rate decreased by 2.3 percent from 2006 for both sexes, but the observed decrease was not statistically significant (Table A). The rate for AIAN males did not change significantly from year to year.

The age-adjusted death rate for the API population was 0.6 times that for the white population in 2007 (Table B). Some of this advantage is due to the underreporting of API mortality on death certificates. The API-to-white ratio has been consistently low over time, with a trend toward incremental divergence in rates since 1990 (Table 1 and

R at

e pe

r 1 00

,0 00

p op

ul at

io n

NOTE: Crude death rates are on an annual basis per 100,000 population; age-adjusted rates are per 100,000 U.S. standard population; see “Technical Notes.” SOURCE: CDC/NCHS, National Vital Statistics System, Mortality.

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

Age adjusted

Crude

200720001990198019701960

Figure 1. Crude and age-adjusted death rates: United States, 1960–2007

R at

e pe

r 1 00

,0 00

U .S

. s ta

nd ar

d po

pu la

tio n

1American Indian or Alaska Native. 2Mortality data for the Hispanic population of the entire United States became available in 1997. NOTE: Data for Hispanic origin and races other than white and black should be interpreted with caution; see “Technical Notes.” SOURCE: CDC/NCHS, National Vital Statistics System, Mortality.

Hispanic2

Asian or Pacific Islander

AIAN1

Black

White

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

200720001995199019851980

Figure 2. Age-adjusted death rates, by race and Hispanic origin: United States, 1980–2007

5 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 19, May 20, 2010

Table B. Percentage of total deaths, death rates, age-adjusted death rates for 2007, percentage change in age-adjusted death rates in 2007 from 2006, and ratio of age-adjusted death rates, by race and sex for the 15 leading causes of death for the total population in 2007: United States [Crude death rates on an annual basis per 100,000 population; age-adjusted rates per 100,000 U.S. standard population. The asterisks preceding the cause-of-death codes indicate that they are not part of the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD–10), Second Edition; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ Data for specified races other than white and black should be interpreted with caution because of inconsistencies between reporting race on death certificates and on censuses and surveys; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ Race categories are consistent with the 1977 Office of Management and Budget (OMB) standards. Cause-of-death coding changes in 2006 and 2007 may affect comparability of data between 2007 and previous years for various causes of death; see ‘‘Technical Notes’’]

Age-adjusted death rate

Percent

2007 change Ratio

Percent crude 2006 Male Black2 AIAN2,3 API2,4 Hispanic5

of total death to to to to to to non Rank1 Cause of death (based on ICD–10, 2004) Number deaths rate 2007 2007 female white white white Hispanic white

. . . All causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,423,712 100.0 803.6 760.2 –2.1 1.4 1.3 0.8 0.6 0.7 1 Diseases of heart . . . . . . . . . . . (I00–I09,I11,I13,I20–I51) 616,067 25.4 204.3 190.9 –4.6 1.5 1.3 0.7 0.5 0.7 2 Malignant neoplasms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C00–C97) 562,875 23.2 186.6 178.4 –1.3 1.4 1.2 0.7 0.6 0.6 3 Cerebrovascular diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (I60–I69) 135,952 5.6 45.1 42.2 –3.2 1.0 1.5 0.7 0.8 0.8 4 Chronic lower respiratory diseases . . . . . . . . . (J40–J47) 127,924 5.3 42.4 40.8 0.7 1.3 0.7 0.7 0.3 0.4 5 Accidents (unintentional injuries) . . . .(V01–X59, Y85–Y86) 123,706 5.1 41.0 40.0 0.5 2.1 0.9 1.3 0.4 0.7 6 Alzheimer’s disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (G30) 74,632 3.1 24.7 22.7 0.4 0.7 0.8 0.5 0.3 0.6 7 Diabetes mellitus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (E10–E14) 71,382 2.9 23.7 22.5 –3.4 1.4 2.1 1.8 0.8 1.5 8 Influenza and pneumonia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (J09-J18)6 52,717 2.2 17.5 16.2 –9.0 1.4 1.2 0.9 0.9 0.8 9 Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome and nephrosis . . . (N00–N07,

N17–N19,N25–N27) 46,448 1.9 15.4 14.5 0.0 1.4 2.2 1.1 0.7 0.9 10 Septicemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A40–A41) 34,828 1.4 11.5 11.0 0.0 1.2 2.2 1.0 0.5 0.8 11 Intentional self-harm (suicide) . . . . . (*U03,X60–X84,Y87.0) 34,598 1.4 11.5 11.3 3.7 3.9 0.4 0.9 0.5 0.4 12 Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis . . . . . . (K70, K73–K74) 29,165 1.2 9.7 9.1 3.4 2.2 0.8 2.6 0.4 1.6 13 Essential hypertension and hypertensive renal

disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(I10,I12,I15)7 23,965 1.0 7.9 7.4 –1.3 1.0 2.5 0.9 1.0 1.0 14 Parkinson’s disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(G20–G21) 20,058 0.8 6.7 6.4 1.6 2.2 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 15 Assault (homicide). . . . . . . (*U01–*U02, X85–Y09, Y87.1) 18,361 0.8 6.1 6.1 –1.6 3.8 5.7 1.8 0.6 2.5 . . . All other causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (residual) 451,034 18.6 149.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . Category not applicable. 1Rank based on number of deaths; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ 2Multiple-race data were reported by 27 states and the District of Columbia in 2007. The multiple-race data for these reporting areas were bridged to the single-race categories of the 1977 OMB standards for comparability with other reporting areas; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ 3AIAN is American Indian or Alaska Native; includes Aleuts and Eskimos. 4API is Asian or Pacific Islander; includes Chinese, Filipino, Hawaiian, Japanese, and Other Asian or Pacific Islander. 5Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. Data for Hispanic origin should be interpreted with caution because of inconsistencies between reporting Hispanic origin on death certificates and on censuses and surveys. 6New ICD–10 code J09 (Influenza due to identified avian influenza virus) was added to the category in 2007. No deaths occurred from this cause in 2007. 7Cause-of-death title was changed in 2006 to reflect the addition of Secondary hypertension (ICD–10 code I15).

Figure 2). From 1981 through 1985, the age-adjusted rate for the API population increased by 7.7 percent to reach a peak of 586.5 deaths per 100,000 U.S. standard population. The rate fluctuated from 1985 through 1993 before starting a persistent downward trend. From 1993 through 2007, the age-adjusted rate for the API population decreased by 26.7 percent. In 2007, the rate for the total API population decreased by 3.2 percent from 2006, while the rate for both API males and females decreased by 3.3 percent (Table A).

Hispanic origin—Problems of race and Hispanic-origin reporting affect Hispanic death rates and the comparison of rates for the Hispanic and non-Hispanic populations; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ Mortality for Hispanics is somewhat understated because of net underreporting of Hispanic origin on the death certificate. Hispanic origin on the death certificate is underreported by an estimated 5 percent (16,18); see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ The age-adjusted death rate for the Hispanic popu lation in 2007 was 546.1, a decrease of 3.2 percent from the rate of 564.0 observed in 2006 (Tables C and 2). The age-adjusted death rate for the total non-Hispanic population decreased by 1.9 percent relative to 2006. In 2007, the age-adjusted rate for the non-Hispanic white

population decreased by 1.8 percent from 2006, and that for the non-Hispanic black population declined by 2.3 percent.

Among Hispanic males, the age-adjusted death rate decreased by 3.1 percent in 2007 from 2006. The age-adjusted death rate for non- Hispanic white males declined 1.7 percent and for non-Hispanic black males, it decreased 2.4 percent. Among Hispanic females, the age- adjusted death rate decreased by 3.4 percent. Rates also decreased for non-Hispanic white females (1.9 percent) and non-Hispanic black females (2.2 percent) (Tables C and 2).

In 2007, the age-adjusted death rate (Table 2) was 29.7 percent lower for the Hispanic population than for the non-Hispanic population. Similarly, the age-adjusted death rate for the Hispanic population was 28.5 percent lower than the rate for the non-Hispanic white population, and considerably lower, at 44.2 percent, than that for the non-Hispanic black population. The large differences in mortality between the His panic and non-Hispanic populations are partly a function of the Hispanic population’s lower age-specific death rates, particularly at older ages (Table 4). Part of the difference is also attributable to underreporting of Hispanic origin on death certificates. In addition, various hypotheses

6 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 19, May 20, 2010

have been proposed to explain Hispanics’ favorable mortality out comes. The most prevalent include the healthy migrant effect, which argues that Hispanic immigrants are selected for their good health and robustness, and the ‘‘salmon bias’’ effect, which posits that U.S. resi dents of Hispanic origin may return to their country of origin to die or when ill (19,20).

Within the Hispanic population, the age-adjusted death rate for males was 1.4 times the rate for females (Table 2). The corresponding male-to-female ratios were 1.4 for the non-Hispanic white population and 1.5 for the non-Hispanic black population. The male-to-female ratios of age-adjusted death rate within the Hispanic population did not change in 2007 from 2006. Age-adjusted death rates in 2007 for selected Hispanic subgroups (Table 5), in order of relative magnitude, were:

+ Puerto Rican population, 636.6 deaths per 100,000 U.S. standard population

+ Cuban population, 596.7 + Mexican population, 568.7 + Central and South American population, 325.5

The age-adjusted death rate significantly decreased for the Puerto Rican (11.3 percent) and the Central and South American populations (12.1 percent), whereas the rate for the Cuban population increased by 4.7 percent in 2007 from 2006. Among Hispanic subgroups, the age-adjusted death rate for the Central and South American population was significantly lower than the rates for the Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Cuban populations. The differences in age-adjusted death rates among the Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Cuban populations were not statistically significant. Tests of signifi cant differences among the Hispanic subgroups are affected by the large variation in age-specific death rates for some of the subgroups, which reflects their relatively small population sizes.

Death rates by age and sex No statistically significant increases in age-specific death rates

for the major race-sex groups were noted in 2007 (Tables A, 11, 14 and 15; Figure 3). Age-specific death rates decreased by a statisti cally significant margin from 2006 to 2007 for age groups 15–24, 35–44, 45–54, 55–64, 65–74, 75–84, and 85 and over.

The death rates for males declined in 2007 from 2006 for age groups 15–24, 25–34, 35–44, 45–54, 55–64, 65–74, 75–84, and 85 and over. The observed increase of 2.6 percent for age group 1–4 in 2007 from 2006 was not statistically significant. For females, death rates declined for the age groups 35–44, 55–64, 65–74, 75–84, and 85 and over. The rates for the remaining age groups for females remained unchanged statistically.

Race—Age-specific death rates declined for white males in 2007 for age groups 15–24, 35–44, 45–54, 55–64, 65–74, 75–84, and 85 and over (Table A). The largest decrease, 3.3 percent, occurred for those aged 15–24. Other observed changes among white males by age group were not statistically significant. For the black male population in 2007, the rates decreased for age groups 25–34, 35–44, 45–54, 65–74, and 75–84. The largest statistically significant decrease for black males was for those aged 25–34, at 5.5 percent. None of the changes in age- specific death rates for AIAN males in 2007 from 2006 were statistically significant. Rates for API males decreased for those aged 55–64 and 85 and over—the group with the largest statistically significant decrease at 6.4 percent.

For white females, the death rate decreased in 2007 for those aged 35–44, 55–64, 65–74, 75–84, and 85 and over. The largest decrease, 2.7 percent, was observed for age group 65–74. Age-specific rates for black females decreased for age groups under age 1, 35–44, 55–64, 75–84, and 85 and over, with those aged 35–44 having the largest decrease at 6.5 percent. For AIAN females, the only statistically significant change was an 8.3 percent decrease for those aged 75–84. No rate observed for API females changed statistically in 2007 from 2006.

Hispanic origin—For the Hispanic origin population in 2007 com pared with 2006 (Table C), the age-specific death rate decreased for age groups 15–24, 35–44, 45–54, 65–74, 75–84, and 85 and over. The largest decrease was for the age group 35–44, at 5.4 percent, and no significant increases in age-specific death rates for Hispanics occurred in 2007 from 2006. Rates for Hispanic males decreased for age groups 15–24, 35–44, 65–74, 75–84, and 85 and over. The largest decrease was for those aged 35–44, at 5.8 percent. For Hispanic females, age-specific rates decreased by a statistically significant amount in 2007 from 2006 for those aged 45–54, 65–74, and 85 and over. The largest decrease, 5.5 percent, was for the age group 85 and over.

Expectation of life at birth and at specified ages Life expectancy at birth represents the average number of years

that a group of infants would live if the group was to experience throughout life the age-specific death rates present in the year of birth. Life table data shown in this report for data years 2000–2007 are based on a newly revised methodology and may differ from figures previously published. The revised methodology is similar to that developed for the 1999–2001 decennial life tables; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ Life tables were generated only for the total U.S., black, and white populations.

In 2007, life expectancy at birth for the U.S. population was 77.9 years, an increase of 0.2 year from 77.7 in 2006 (Tables 6–8). The trend in U.S. life expectancy since 1900 has been one of gradual improve ment. In 2007, the life expectancy for females was 80.4 years, a 0.2-year increase from 2006, and the life expectancy for males was 75.4 years, a 0.3-year increase from the previous year. From 1900 through the late 1970s, the sex gap in life expectancy widened (Fig ure 4; data prior to 1975 not shown), from 2.0 years to 7.8 years. Since its peak in the 1970s, the sex gap has been narrowing (Figure 4). The difference in life expectancy between the sexes was 5.0 years in 2007, a slight decrease from the 5.1-year gap in 2006.

Life expectancy increased 0.4 year for the black population in 2007 to 73.6 years compared with 2006 (73.2). Life expectancy for the white population increased 0.2 year to 78.4 years. The difference in life expectancy between the white and black populations in 2007 was 4.8 years, a 0.2-year decrease from the 2006 gap between the two races and the smallest gap ever recorded. The white-black gap has been narrowing gradually from a peak of 7.1 years in 1989 to the current record low (Figure 4). This continued a long-term decline in the white- black difference in life expectancy that was interrupted from 1982 through 1989 when the gap widened.

Among the major race-sex groups (Tables 7 and 8, and Figure 5), white females continued to have the highest life expectancy at birth (80.8 years), followed by black females (76.8 years), white males (75.9 years), and black males (70.0 years). Life expectancies increased by 0.3 year for both the black male and female populations. Life expect

7 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 19, May 20, 2010

R at

e pe

r 1 00

,0 00

p op

ul at

io n

1Rates based on population estimates, which differ from infant mortality rates (based on live births); see Figure 7 for infant mortality rates and “Technical Notes” for further discussion of the difference. SOURCE: CDC/NCHS, National Vital Statistics System, Mortality.

1990 1970

1–4 years

1980 1960

15 –24 years

20,000

100

10,000

1,000

40,000

75–84 years

Under 1 year1

55–64 years 45–54 years

35–44 years

25–34 years

65–74 years

85 years and over

1990 1970 1980 1960 2000 2000

5–14 years

1955

85 years and over

75–84 years

65–74 years

Under 1 year155–64 years

45–54 years

35–44 years

15 –24 years

2007 2007 1955

25–34 years

1–4 years 5–14 years

Male Female

Figure 3. Death rates, by age and sex: United States, 1955–2007

Table C. Percentage change in death rates and age-adjusted death rates in 2007 from 2006, by age, Hispanic origin, race for non-Hispanic population, and sex: United States [Based on death rates on an annual basis per 100,000 population, and age-adjusted rates per 100,000 U.S. standard population; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ Race and Hispanic origin are reported separately on the death certificate. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. Data for Hispanic persons are not tabulated separately by race. Data for non-Hispanic persons are tabulated by race. Data for Hispanic origin should be interpreted with caution because of inconsistencies between reporting Hispanic origin on death certificates and on censuses and surveys; see ‘‘Technical Notes’’]

All origins1 Hispanic Non-Hispanic2 Non-Hispanic white Non-Hispanic black

Age Both sexes Male Female

Both sexes Male Female

All ages

Crude . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Age adjusted . . . . . . . . . .

3 Under 1 year . . . . . . . . . 1–4 years . . . . . . . . . . . . 5–14 years . . . . . . . . . . . 15–24 years. . . . . . . . . . . 25–34 years. . . . . . . . . . . 35–44 years. . . . . . . . . . . 45–54 years. . . . . . . . . . . 55–64 years. . . . . . . . . . . 65–74 years. . . . . . . . . . . 75–84 years. . . . . . . . . . . 85 years and over . . . . . . .

–0.8 –2.1

–0.9 0.7 0.7

–2.8 –1.3 –3.0 –1.5 –1.5 –2.5 –2.0 –2.3

–0.6 –2.1

–1.1 2.6

–1.1 –2.9 –1.9 –2.9 –2.0 –0.8 –2.4 –2.3 –2.1

–1.1 –2.2

–0.6 –2.3

2.3 –1.9 –0.2 –3.3 –0.8 –2.5 –2.7 –1.9 –2.5

–0.8 –3.2

–0.5 –1.5 –0.7 –4.9 –1.7 –5.4 –2.4 –1.6 –3.5 –1.8 –5.3

–0.6 –3.1

–1.2 –2.8 –3.7 –4.5 –2.3 –5.8 –1.1 –1.4 –2.5 –2.8 –5.1

–0.9 –3.4

0.3 –0.8

4.2 –4.8

0.7 –5.1 –5.2 –2.0 –5.0 –0.8 –5.5

Percent change

–0.6 –0.3 –0.8 –1.9 –1.9 –2.0

–0.7 –0.8 –0.5 1.0 4.5 –3.0 0.6 0.0 1.5

–2.2 –2.5 –1.4 –1.2 –1.7 –0.1 –2.4 –2.2 –2.8 –1.3 –1.9 –0.3 –1.4 –0.7 –2.4 –2.3 –2.2 –2.5 –1.9 –2.1 –1.8 –2.1 –1.9 –2.3

–0.5 –1.8

–0.8 2.0 1.4

–2.1 0.3

–1.8 –0.7 –1.3 –2.4 –1.8 –2.0

–0.2 –1.7

–0.8 5.2

–0.6 –2.8 –0.2 –2.0 –1.2 –0.6 –2.3 –2.0 –1.7

–0.7 –1.9

–0.8 –2.2

4.2 –0.5

1.4 –1.4 0.2

–2.5 –2.5 –1.7 –2.2

–1.1 –2.3

–2.2 –1.4 –1.4 –2.6 –5.1 –4.4 –3.4 –1.8 –1.4 –2.6 –1.5

–1.3 –2.4

–1.9 –1.5 –1.2 –2.1 –5.8 –3.0 –4.6 –1.1 –1.6 –3.0 –1.6

–1.0 –2.2

–2.7 –1.2 –1.7 –4.4 –4.2 –6.4 –1.7 –2.7 –1.2 –2.4 –1.5

1Figures for origin not stated are included in ‘‘all origins’’ but not 2Includes races other than white and black. 3Death rates for ‘‘under 1 year’’ (based on population estimates)

distributed

differ from

among specified origins.

infant mortality rates (based on live births).

8 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 19, May 20, 2010

ancies increased by 0.2 year for both white males and females. Life expectancy for black males declined every year from 1984 through 1989, then resumed the long-term trend of increase from 1990 through 1992, 1994 through 2004, and 2005 through 2007 (Table 8). For white females, life expectancy increased most years from 1970 through 1998. In 1999, life expectancy for white females fell below 1998’s record high, and it did not increase again until 2003. From 1989 through 1992, during 1994, and from 1996 through 1998, life expectancy for black females increased. In 1999, life expectancy for black females declined as it did for white females, only to begin climbing again in 2000.

Life tables shown in this report may be used to compare life expectancies at selected ages from birth to 100 years. For example, a person who has reached 65 years will live to an older age, on average,

than one who has reached 50 years. On the basis of mortality expe rienced in 2007, a person aged 50 could expect to live an average of 30.9 more years for a total of 80.9 years. A person aged 65 could expect to live an average of 18.6 more years for a total of 83.6 years, and a person aged 85 could expect to live an average of 6.5 more years for a total of 91.5 years (Tables 6 and 7).

Leading causes of death The 15 leading causes of death in 2007 accounted for 81.4 per

cent of all deaths in the United States (Tables B and 9). Causes of death are ranked according to the number of deaths; for ranking procedures, see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ By rank, the 15 leading causes in 2007 were:

(kidney disease) 10. Septicemia 11. Intentional self-harm (suicide) 12. Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis 13. Essential hypertension and hypertensive renal

disease (hypertension) 14. Parkinson’s disease 15. Assault (homicide)

The 15 leading causes of death in 2007 retained the same ranking as in 2006 with the exception of Alzheimer’s diseases and diabetes, which changed position relative to their 2006 placement as the age-adjusted death rate for diabetes decreased by 3.4 percent in 2007 from 2006, while the rate for Alzheimer’s disease did not change significantly.

The age pattern of mortality can vary greatly by cause of death. As a result, the changing age distribution of a population can signifi cantly influence changes in crude death rates over time. In contrast, the influence of such shifts in the population age structure is eliminated by age-adjusted death rates. Therefore, age-adjusted death rates are better indicators than crude rates for showing changes in mortality over time and among causes of death, and consequently are used in this report to depict trends for leading causes of death (Figure 6).

In 2007, the number of deaths decreased from 2006 by 0.1 per cent, or 2,552 fewer deaths (Tables 12 and 13). The age-adjusted death rate for all causes decreased by 2.1 percent. This reduction in the risk of dying has been driven mostly by net decreases in the leading causes of death such as heart disease, cancer, stroke, diabetes, and Influenza and pneumonia. Despite a more severe influenza season during 2007–2008, the drop in the death rate for Influenza and pneumonia may be due, in part, to less severe influenza seasons during 2006–2007 (14,15).

Among the 15 leading causes of death, the age-adjusted death rate declined significantly for 5 of them (Table B). Long-term decreasing trends for heart disease, cancer, and stroke—the three leading causes of death—continued in 2007, with decreases of 4.6 percent for heart

D iff

er en

ce in

li fe

e xp

ec ta

nc y

at b

irt h

in y

ea rs

NOTE: Life expectancies for 2000–2007 were calculated using a revised methodology and may differ from those previously published; see “Technical Notes.” SOURCE: CDC/NCHS, National Vital Statistics System, Mortality.

Female-male life expectancy

White-black life expectancy

5.0

5.5

6.0

6.5

7.0

7.5

8.0

2007200019951990198519801975

Figure 4. Differences in female-male and white-black life expectancies: United States, 1975–2007

A ge

in y

ea rs

SOURCE: CDC/NCHS, National Vital Statistics System, Mortality.

White female

Black female

Black male

White male

20072000199519901985198019751970

Figure 5. Life expectancy, by race and sex: United States, 1970–2007

9 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 19, May 20, 2010

disease, 1.3 percent for cancer, and 3.2 percent for stroke compared with 2006. Except for a relatively small increase in 1993, mortality from heart disease has steadily declined since 1980 (Figure 6). The age- adjusted death rate for cancer, the second leading cause of death, has shown a gradual but consistent downward trend since 1993 (Figure 6). The rate for stroke has generally declined since 1958, with one excep tion: an increase of 2.6 percent from 1992 through 1995 (Figure 6).

Additional causes with a significant decrease in the age-adjusted death rate relative to 2006 were Influenza and pneumonia (9.0 percent) and diabetes (3.4 percent). The increase in the age-adjusted death rate for Alzheimer’s disease (0.4 percent) was not statistically significant. The mortality trend for Alzheimer’s disease has generally been one of rapid increase (Figure 6). From 1979 through 1998, for example, the rate for Alzheimer’s disease increased dramatically due to improve ments in diagnosis, awareness of the condition within the medical community, and other unidentified factors (21). The transition from ICD–9 to ICD–10 also brought substantial changes to the coding and selection rules for the condition. This created a major disruption in the time series trend for Alzheimer’s disease during 1998–1999 (Figure 6). The large increase in 1999 from 1998 is at least partly due to the ICD transition (22). Evaluating the observed change poses a problem because the comparability ratio (representing the net effect of the new revision on cause-of-death statistics) for Alzheimer’s disease may be understated (22–25). Since 1999, the rate has trended upward through 2007.

Significant increases occurred between 2006 and 2007 in the age-adjusted death rate for suicide (3.7 percent) and Chronic liver

disease and cirrhosis (3.4 percent). The death rate for suicide has decreased slightly from a high of 13.7 deaths per 100,000 standard population in 1977 to a low of 10.4 in 2000. Since 2000, the age- adjusted death rate for suicide has increased by 8.7 percent. The increase in the age-adjusted death rate for Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis may be largely due to a coding change; see ‘‘Quality of reporting and processing cause of death’’ in ‘‘Technical Notes.’’

Although mortality from Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease has not been on the list of 15 leading causes of death since 1997 (26), it is still of concern. HIV disease continues to be one of the five leading causes of death for specific age groups for females, and in the black population. In 2007, a total of 11,295 persons died from HIV disease (Table 10). The age-adjusted death rate (3.7 per 100,000 standard population; Table 16) declined for the 12th consecutive year, decreasing 7.5 percent in 2007 from 2006. The age-adjusted death rate for this cause reached its highest point of 16.3 per 100,000 standard population in 1995 and then declined rapidly through 1998 (decreasing 69.9 percent) (27). The rate of decline for this cause of death has slowed considerably since 1999, decreasing by 30.2 percent from 1999 through 2007.

Enterocolitis due to Clostridium difficile (C. difficile), a bacterial inflammation of the intestines, is of growing public health concern because it is often acquired in hospitals or other health care institutions with long-term patients or residents and accounts for an increasing number of deaths (28–31). In 1999, 793 deaths were due to C. difficile; by contrast, in 2007, 6,372 C. difficile deaths were recorded, an increase of 147 deaths from the 6,225 reported in 2006. Because of

R at

e pe

r 1 00

,0 00

U .S

. s ta

nd ar

d po

pu la

tio n

NOTES: ICD is the International Classification of Diseases. Circled numbers indicate ranking of conditions as leading causes of death in 2007. SOURCE: CDC/NCHS, National Vital Statistics System, Mortality.

1,000.0

1.0

19801970

100.0

10.0

19751960 19901985 19951965 0.1

Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome and nephrosis

Malignant neoplasms

Accidents (unintentional injuri

Cerebrovascular diseases

Diseases of heart

Alzheimer’s disease

1958 2000

Hypertension

Parkinson’s disease

20072005

ICD-7 ICD-8 ICD-9 ICD-10

es)

Figure 6. Age-adjusted death rates for selected leading causes of death: United States, 1958–2007

10 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 19, May 20, 2010

the substantial increase since 1999, beginning in 2006, C. difficile is included among the rankable causes of death and is shown appended to the List of 113 Selected Causes of Death in tables in this report; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ The age-adjusted death rate for C. difficile was 2.0 deaths per 100,000 standard population for both 2006 and 2007. In 2007, this cause was not among the 20 leading causes for the overall population. However, it ranked among the 20 leading causes of death for the population aged 65 and older. Approximately 92 percent of deaths due to C. difficile occurred in persons aged 65 and over in 2007.

Changes in mortality levels by age and cause of death have a major effect on changes in life expectancy. Life expectancy at birth increased in 2007 over 2006 by 0.2 year because of decreases in mortality from heart disease, cancer, Influenza and pneumonia, stroke, and diabetes. Decreases in mortality from these same causes of death also generated increases in life expectancy among the male and female populations, when analyzed separately. The increase in life expectancy in 2007 from 2006 for the population as a whole could have been greater than 0.2 year were it not for the increase in mortality from Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis and suicide. (For discussion of contributions to the change in life expectancy, see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’)

The relative risk of death in one population group compared with another can be expressed as a ratio. Ratios based on age-adjusted death rates show that males have higher rates than females for 12 of the 15 leading causes of death (Table B), with rates for males being at least two times those for females for five leading causes. The largest ratio, 3.9, was for suicide. Other large ratios were evident for homicide (3.8), Parkinson’s disease and Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis (2.2 each), unintentional injuries (2.1), heart disease (1.5), and cancer, diabetes, Influenza and pneumonia, and kidney disease (1.4 each).

The difference in life expectancy between males and females decreased 0.1 year in 2007 over 2006, to 5.0 years (Table 8). The narrowing of the difference between male and female life expectancy was a result of greater improvements in mortality among males than females, particularly with respect to trends for heart disease, uninten tional injuries, and HIV disease.

Age-adjusted death rates for the black population were higher than those for the white population for 9 of the 15 leading causes of death (Table B). The largest ratio was for homicide, at 5.7. Other causes for which the ratio was high include hypertension (2.5), kidney disease and Septicemia (2.2 each), diabetes (2.1), stroke (1.5), heart disease (1.3), and cancer (1.2). For six of the leading causes, age-adjusted rates were lower for the black population than for the white population. The smallest black-to-white ratios were for suicide (0.4); that is, the risk of dying from suicide is more than double for the white population than for the black population. Other conditions with a low black-to-white ratio were Parkinson’s disease (0.5), Chronic lower respiratory diseases (0.7), Alzheimer’s disease and Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis (0.8 each), and unintentional injuries (0.9).

The difference in life expectancy between the black and white populations narrowed from 5.0 years in 2006 to 4.8 years in 2007 (Table 8). The narrowing in the black-white life expectancy gap was due primarily to greater improvements in mortality for the black population than the white population. In particular, the black population gained ground due to improvements in death rates for unintentional injuries, HIV disease, homicide, and diabetes (data not shown).

Age-adjusted death rates were lower for the AIAN population than the white population for 9 of the 15 leading causes (Table B). The

smallest ratios were for Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease (0.5 each), then heart disease, cancer, stroke, and Chronic lower respiratory diseases (0.7 each). Age-adjusted rates were higher for the AIAN population than the white population for five leading causes. The largest ratio was for Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis (2.6). Other causes for which the ratio was high include homicide and diabetes (1.8 each) and unintentional injuries (1.3). Rates for the AIAN population are underestimated by about 30 percent due to underreporting on death certificates (16).

For the API population, age-adjusted death rates were lower than those for the white population for 14 of the 15 leading causes (Table B). The largest ratios were for Influenza and pneumonia (0.9), stroke and diabetes (0.8 each), and kidney disease (0.7). The smallest ratios were for Chronic lower respiratory diseases and Alzheimer’s disease (0.3 each), and unintentional injuries and Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis (0.4 each). The risk of dying from Septicemia, suicide, or Parkinson’s disease for the API population is about half that for the white population. Rates for the API population are underestimated by about 7 percent due to underreporting on death certificates (16).

Age-adjusted death rates were lower for the Hispanic population for 11 of the 15 leading causes of death compared with the non- Hispanic white population (Tables B and 17). The smallest ratios were for Chronic lower respiratory diseases and suicide (0.4 each). Other causes for which the ratio was considerably smaller include cancer, Alzheimer’s disease, and Parkinson’s disease (0.6 each), heart disease and unintentional injuries (0.7 each), and stroke, Influenza and pneu monia, and Septicemia (0.8 each). Age-adjusted death rates for the Hispanic population were greater than for the non-Hispanic white population for 3 of the 15 leading causes of death. The largest ratio was for homicide (2.5), followed by Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis (1.6) and diabetes (1.5). Rates for the Hispanic population are under estimated by about 5.0 percent (16).

Leading causes of death for the total population and specific subpopulations are examined in more detail in a separate National Vital Statistics Report on leading causes by age, race, Hispanic origin, and sex (4).

Injury mortality by mechanism and intent

In 2007, a total of 182,479 deaths were classified as injury related (Table 18). Injury data are presented using the external cause-of-injury mortality matrix for ICD–10 as jointly conceived by the International Collaborative Effort (ICE) on Injury Statistics and the Injury Control and Emergency Health Services section, known as ICEHS, of the American Public Health Association (32,33). The ICD codes for injuries have two essential dimensions: the mechanism of the injury and its manner or intent. The mechanism involves the circumstances of the injury (e.g., fall, motor vehicle accident, or poisoning). The manner or intent involves whether the injury was purposefully inflicted (where it can be determined) and, when intentional, whether the injury was self-inflicted (suicide) or inflicted upon another person (assault). In the List of 113 Selected Causes of Death, the focus is on manner or intent, with subcategories showing selected mechanisms. The matrix has two distinct advantages for the analysis of injury mortality data: It contains a comprehensive list of mechanisms, and data can be displayed by mechanism with subcat egories of intent (Table 18) or vice versa. Four major mechanisms of

11 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 19, May 20, 2010

injury in 2007—motor-vehicle traffic, poisoning, firearm, and fall— accounted for 74.9 percent of all injury deaths.

Motor-vehicle traffic—In 2007, motor-vehicle traffic-related injuries resulted in 42,031 deaths, accounting for 23.0 percent of all injury deaths (Table 18). The 4.2 percent decrease in the age-adjusted death rate for motor-vehicle traffic-related injuries—from 14.4 deaths per 100,000 U.S. standard population in 2006 (34) to 13.8 in 2007—is statistically significant.

Poisoning—In 2007, 40,059 deaths occurred as the result of poisonings, 22.0 percent of all injury deaths (Table 18). The majority of poisoning deaths were either unintentional (74.5 percent) or suicides (15.9 percent). However, 9.4 percent of poisoning deaths were of unde termined intent. The age-adjusted death rate for poisoning increased by 5.6 percent from 12.4 deaths per 100,000 U.S. standard population in 2006 to 13.1 in 2007. Unintentional poisoning death rates in the United States have increased each year from 1999 through 2007 (data prior to 2007 are not shown).

Firearm—In 2007, 31,224 persons died from firearm injuries in the United States (Tables 18–20), accounting for 17.1 percent of all injury deaths that year. Firearm suicide at 55.6 percent and homicide at 40.5 percent were the two major component causes of all firearm injury deaths in 2007. In 2007, the age-adjusted death rate for firearm suicide and homicide was unchanged statistically from 2006. The age-adjusted rate for all firearm injuries was the same in 2007 as in 2006—10.2 deaths per 100,000 U.S. standard population (Tables 18–20). In 2007, males had a firearm-related, age-adjusted death rate that was 6.7 times that for females. By comparison with the rate for the white population, the rate for the black population was 2.2 times higher; AIAN, 18.0 per cent lower; and API, 67.4 percent lower (Table 19). The non-Hispanic white population’s rate was 1.2 times that for the Hispanic population, and the rate for the non-Hispanic black population was 2.7 times that for the Hispanic population (Table 20).

Fall—In 2007, 23,443 persons died as the result of falls, 12.8 per cent of all injury deaths (Table 18). The overwhelming majority of fall-related deaths (96.5 percent) were unintentional. In 2007, the age- adjusted death rate for falls increased significantly over 2006 (34) by 5.8 percent, from 6.9 deaths per 100,000 U.S. standard population to 7.3.

Drug-induced mortality In 2007, a total of 38,371 persons died of drug-induced causes

in the United States (Tables 21 and 22). This category includes not only deaths from dependent and nondependent use of legal or illegal drugs, but also poisoning from medically prescribed and other drugs. It excludes unintentional injuries, homicides, and other causes indirectly related to drug use, as well as newborn deaths due to the mother’s drug use (for a list of drug-induced causes, see ‘‘Technical Notes’’). For males in 2007, the age-adjusted death rate for drug- induced causes was 1.7 times the rate for females. The age-adjusted death rate for black females was 28.4 percent lower than the rate for white females, and the rate for black males was 8.9 percent lower than the rate for white males. The age-adjusted death rate for the API population was 85.3 percent lower than that for the white population (Table 21). Compared with the rate for the Hispanic population, the rate for the non-Hispanic white population was 2.3 times higher, and that for the non-Hispanic black population was 1.8 times higher (Table 22). In 2007, the age-adjusted death rate for drug-induced

causes remained unchanged statistically from 2006. Among the major race-sex and race-ethnic-sex groups during the same period, the age-adjusted death rate for drug-induced causes decreased by 3.7 percent for males, 18.5 percent for black males, 22.7 percent for AIAN males, 23.3 percent for API males, 7.8 percent for Hispanic males, 12.8 percent for Hispanic females, and 18.6 percent for non-Hispanic black males (Table 21). The age-adjusted death rate increased significantly by 3.3 percent for all females, 4.1 percent for white females, and 5.6 percent for non-Hispanic white females.

Alcohol-induced mortality

In 2007, a total of 23,199 persons died of alcohol-induced causes in the United States, 1,126 more deaths than in 2006 (Tables 23 and 24). This category includes not only deaths from dependent and nondependent use of alcohol, but also accidental poisoning by alcohol. It excludes unintentional injuries, homicides, and other causes indirectly related to alcohol use, as well as deaths due to fetal alcohol syndrome (for a list of alcohol-induced causes, see ‘‘Technical Notes’’). In 2007, the age-adjusted death rate for alcohol-induced causes for males was 3.2 times the rate for females. Compared with the rate for the white population, the rate for the black population was 16.0 percent lower; AIAN, 3.5 times higher; and API, 76.0 percent lower. The rate for the Hispanic population was 1.3 times the rate for the non-Hispanic white population and 1.4 times the rate for the non-Hispanic black population (Tables 23 and 24). During 2006–2007, the age-adjusted death rate for alcohol-induced causes for the total population increased by 4.3 percent, from 7.0 per 100,000 U.S. standard population in 2006 to 7.3 in 2007. The age-adjusted death rates increased significantly for white males (3.6 percent), non-Hispanic white males (3.8 percent), and non- Hispanic white females (5.6 percent). No statistically significant changes were observed for other major race-sex and race-ethnic-sex groups.

Marital status

For those aged 15 and over, the number of deaths in 2007 among persons who were married was 917,839; widowed, 879,173; divorced, 313,863; and never married, 260,281 (Table 25); see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ Those who never married had the highest age-adjusted death rate (1,780.4 per 100,000 U.S. standard popula tion), followed by divorced persons (1,643.8), widowed persons (1,570.7), and married persons (828.3). The never-married group had an age-adjusted death rate 60.5 percent higher than those who were ever married and 2.1 times the rate for the currently married. The age-adjusted death rate for widowed persons was 89.6 percent higher than that for persons who were currently married at the time of death. Divorced persons had a rate 98.5 percent higher than those who were married at the time of death.

For all age groups 15 and over, age-specific death rates for married persons were much lower than those for never-married per sons. For those aged 15–24, divorced persons had the highest death rate, whereas for those aged 25–34, widowed persons had the highest death rate. Never-married persons had the highest death rate among those aged 35–44, 45–54, 55–64, 65–74, and 75 and over.

12 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 19, May 20, 2010

For each marital status group in 2007, males had higher age- adjusted death rates than females, ranging from 36.6 percent greater for the never married to 72.1 percent greater for those divorced at the time of death.

Educational attainment Age-specific and age-adjusted death rates are shown by educa

tional attainment for age groups in the range of 25–64 years (Table 26). Figures for states that used the 2003 version of the standard death certificate are shown separately from those for states that used the 1989 version of the death certificate (see ‘‘Technical Notes’’). In the District of Columbia and the 22 reporting states that used the 2003 version of the death certificate in 2007, a total of 126,184 decedents aged 25–64 had received a high school diploma or equivalent, compared with 109,248 who had completed some college or collegiate degree and 60,991 who had achieved less than a high school diploma or equivalent. For the total population, and for males and females separately, mortality is inversely associated with educational attainment; that is, the average risk of death decreases markedly with increasing educational attainment. The age-adjusted death rate for those with less than a high school diploma or equivalent was 529.5 per 100,000 U.S. standard population— 14.1 percent higher than the rate of 463.9 for those with a high school diploma or equivalent and 2.7 times the rate of 196.7 for those with some college or collegiate degree.

For the 26 reporting states that used the 1989 version of the death certificate, a total of 115,327 decedents aged 25–64 years had com pleted 12 years of education, compared with 81,214 who had com pleted 13 years or more and 53,458 who had completed less than 12 years. The age-adjusted death rate for those with less than 12 years of education was 664.4 per 100,000 U.S. standard population— 39.3 percent higher than the rate of 477.0 for those with 12 years of education and 3.4 times the rate of 195.4 for those with 13 years of education or more.

Rates are shown only for those aged 25–64 because persons under age 25 may not have completed their education. Rates are not shown for older ages because of misreporting of educational attainment on the death certificate; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ Data on educational attainment must be interpreted with caution because of misreporting on the death certificate and biases that result from differences between the classification of educational attainment on the death certificate and in census surveys; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’

Injury at work For persons aged 15 and over, a total of 5,025 deaths were

reported on death certificates as due to injuries at work in 2007 (Table 27). Rates were lowest for age groups 15–24 and 65 and over. The risk of work-related death was much greater for males than for females—the age-adjusted death rate for males was 3.9 deaths per 100,000 U.S. standard population compared with 0.3 for females, resulting in a mortality ratio of about 13 to 1. The age-adjusted rate for the white population, 2.1, was slightly higher than the rate for the black population at 2.0. Male-to-female ratios were 13.3 for the white population and 9.5 for the black population.

The number of deaths due to injuries at work decreased by 273 deaths in 2007 over 2006. The age-adjusted death rate from injury at

work for the population aged 15 and over decreased 4.5 percent in 2007 over the year before (Table 28). For specific sex and race groups, the age-adjusted death rate decreased for white males (7.0 percent) and did not change for white females, black males, and black females.

State of residence Mortality patterns vary considerably by state (Table 29). The

state with the highest age-adjusted death rate in 2007 was West Virginia (951.7 per 100,000 U.S. standard population), with a rate 25.2 percent above the national average (760.2). The state with the lowest age-adjusted death rate was Hawaii (607.4 per 100,000 standard population), with a rate 20.1 percent below the national average. The age-adjusted death rate for West Virginia was 56.7 per cent higher than the rate for Hawaii.

Variations in mortality by state are associated with differences in socioeconomic status, race, and ethnic composition as well as differ ences in risk for specific causes of death (35).

Infant mortality In 2007, a total of 29,138 deaths occurred in children under age

1 year (Table D), 611 more deaths than in 2006. The infant mortality rate was 6.75 per 1,000 live births, the neonatal mortality rate (deaths of infants aged 0–27 days per 1,000 live births) was 4.42, and the postneonatal mortality rate (deaths of infants aged 28 days–1 year per 1,000 live births) was 2.34 in 2007 (Tables 30–32 and Figure 7); see ‘‘Technical Notes’’ for information on alternative data sources. The year-to-year change in the infant and neonatal mortality rates during 2006–2007 was not statistically significant; however, the postneonatal mortality rate increased 4.5 percent, from 2.24 in 2006 to 2.34 in 2007, for all races combined. Rates also increased significantly for male postneonates (4.0 percent), female postneo nates (4.5 percent), and white postneonates (5.4 percent).

The 10 leading causes of infant death in 2007 accounted for 69.0 percent of all infant deaths in the United States (Table E). By rank, the 10 leading causes were:

1. Congenital malformations, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities (congenital malformations)

2. Disorders related to short gestation and low birth weight, not elsewhere classified (low birthweight)

3. Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) 4. Newborn affected by maternal complications of

pregnancy (maternal complications) 5. Accidents (unintentional injuries) 6. Newborn affected by complications of placenta, cord

and membranes (cord and placental complications) 7. Bacterial sepsis of newborn 8. Respiratory distress of newborn 9. Diseases of the circulatory system

10. Neonatal hemorrhage

The 10 leading causes of infant death were the same in 2007 as in 2006 (34), with four leading causes changing rankings compared with 2006. Bacterial sepsis of newborn became the seventh leading cause in 2007, exchanging positions with Respiratory distress of newborn, which became the eighth leading cause. Similarly, Diseases

13 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 19, May 20, 2010

of the circulatory system became the 9th leading cause in 2007 and Neonatal hemorrhage became the 10th leading cause.

Changes in rates by cause of death among the 10 leading causes were statistically significant for only two conditions: In 2007, uninten tional injuries increased by 10.8 percent and Diseases of the circulatory system increased by 14.2 percent from 2006 (Table E).

The ratio of male-to-female infant mortality rates was 1.2 in 2007—the same as in 2006. The ratio of black-to-white infant mortality rates was 2.3 in 2007. The infant mortality rate did not change sig nificantly in 2007 from 2006 for white infants or black infants (Table 30). Race cited on the death certificate is considered to be relatively accurate for white and black infants (16). For other race groups, however, race may be misreported on the death certificate (36). A forthcoming report using data from the linked file of live births and infant deaths will provide better measures of infant mortality by race (37); see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’

Hispanic infant mortality—In 2007, the infant mortality rate for Hispanic infants was 5.71 deaths per 1,000 live births, and for non- Hispanic white infants, 5.63 (data not shown). Among Hispanic sub groups, the infant mortality rate was 7.99 per 1,000 live births for Puerto Rican, 5.87 for Mexican, 4.59 for Cuban, and 3.24 for Central and South American populations. In 2007, the infant mortality rate for Central and South American infants increased by 14.1 percent from 2006. The postneonatal mortality rate for the Hispanic population increased by 9.3 percent. No other Hispanic infant mortality rates changed by a statistically significant amount during 2006–2007. Infant mortality rates by specified Hispanic origin and race for non-Hispanic origin are somewhat understated and better measured using data from the linked file of live births and infant deaths (36); see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’

Maternal mortality In 2007, a total of 548 women were reported to have died of

maternal causes (Tables 33 and 34). As in previous years, the number of maternal deaths does not include all deaths occurring to pregnant women, but only those deaths reported on the death certificate that were assigned to causes related to or aggravated by pregnancy or pregnancy management (ICD–10 codes A34, O00–O95, and O98–O99). Further, the number excludes deaths occurring more than 42 days after the termination of pregnancy and deaths of pregnant women due to external causes (unintentional injuries, homicides, and suicides) (6). An increasing number of states are adopting a separate item on the death certificate indicating pregnancy status of the decedent to improve measurement; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ The number of areas with such an item has increased from 16 states in 1996 to 34 states and the District of Columbia in 2007. The maternal mortality rate for 2007 was 12.7 deaths per 100,000 live births. Black women have a substantially higher risk of maternal death than white women. The maternal mortality rate for black women was 26.5, roughly 2.7 times the rate for white women (10.0 deaths per 100,000 live births).

Hispanic maternal mortality—The maternal mortality rate for His panic women was 8.9 deaths per 100,000 live births. The comparable rate for non-Hispanic white women was 10.5 in 2007. The difference

Table D. Number [Rates are infant (under

of infant, neonatal, and 1 year), neonatal (under 28 days),

postneonatal deaths and postneonatal (28 days–11

and mortality rates, months) deaths per 1,000 live

by sex: United States, births in specified group]

2006–2007

Infant age and sex

2007 2006 Percent change1

from 2006 to 2007 Number Rate Number Rate

Total . . . Male . . Female

Infant

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Neonatal

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Postneonatal

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

29,138 16,293 12,845

19,058 10,587

8,471

10,080 5,706 4,374

6.75 7.38 6.09

4.42 4.79 4.02

2.34 2.58 2.07

28,527 15,980 12,547

18,989 10,564

8,425

9,538 5,416 4,122

6.69 7.32 6.03

4.45 4.84 4.05

2.24 2.48 1.98

0.9 0.8 1.0

-0.7 -1.0 -0.7

4.5 4.0 4.5

1Based on a comparison of the 2007 and 2006 mortality rates.

D ea

th s

pe r 1

,0 00

li ve

b irt

NOTE: Rates are infant (under 1 year), neonatal (under 28 days), and postneonatal (28 days—11 months) deaths per 1,000 live births in specified group. SOURCE: CDC/NCHS, National Vital Statistics System, Mortality.

Postneonatal

Neonatal

Infant

20072000199019801970196019501940

Figure 7. Infant, neonatal, and postneonatal mortality rates: United States, 1940–2007

14 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 19, May 20, 2010

Table E. Number of infant deaths, percentage of total infant deaths, and infant mortality rates for 2007, and percentage change in infant mortality rates in 2007 from 2006 for the 10 leading causes of infant death in 2007: United States [Rates are infant deaths per 100,000 live births]

Percent change2

Percent in 2007 of total from

Rank1 Cause of death (based on ICD–10, 2004) Number deaths Rate 2006

. . . All causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,138 100.0 675.1 0.9 1 Congenital malformations, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities. . . . . . (Q00–Q99) 5,785 19.9 134.0 –1.8 2 Disorders related to short gestation and low birth weight, not elsewhere classified. . . (P07) 4,857 16.7 112.5 –0.9 3 Sudden infant death syndrome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (R95) 2,453 8.4 56.8 4.2 4 Newborn affected by maternal complications of pregnancy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (P01) 1,769 6.1 41.0 3.8 5 Accidents (unintentional injuries) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (V01–X59) 1,285 4.4 29.8 10.8 6 Newborn affected by complications of placenta, cord and membranes . . . . . . . . . . (P02) 1,135 3.9 26.3 –1.5 7 Bacterial sepsis of newborn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (P36) 820 2.8 19.0 0.5 8 Respiratory distress of newborn. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (P22) 789 2.7 18.3 –5.2 9 Diseases of the circulatory system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (I00–I99) 624 2.1 14.5 14.2

10 Neonatal hemorrhage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (P50–P52,P54) 597 2.0 13.8 –4.8 . . . All other causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Residual) 9,024 31.0 209.1 . . .

. . . Category not applicable. 1Based on number of deaths; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ 2Based on comparison of the 2007 infant mortality rate with the 2006 infant mortality rate.

NOTE: ICD is International Classification of Diseases.

between the Hispanic and non-Hispanic white rates was not statistically significant. As with other statistics involving Hispanic origin, these should be interpreted with caution because of inconsistencies between reporting Hispanic origin on death certificates and on censuses and surveys; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’

References 1. Hoyert D, Singh G, Rosenberg H. Sources of data on socioeconomic

differential mortality in the United States. Journal of Official Statistics 11(3):233–60. 1995.

2. Xu JQ, Kochanek KD, Tejada-Vera B. Deaths: Preliminary data for 2007. National vital statistics reports; vol 58 no 1. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. 2009. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr58/nvsr58_01.pdf.

3. Heron M. Deaths: Leading causes for 2007. National vital statistics reports. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. Forth coming.

4. Arias E. United States life tables, 2007. National vital statistics reports. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. Forthcoming.

5. National Center for Health Statistics. Technical appendix. Vital statistics of the United States: Mortality. Washington, DC. Published annually. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/vsus.htm#appendices.

6. World Health Organization. International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems, tenth revision. 2nd edition. Geneva, Switzerland. 2004.

7. Office of Management and Budget. Revisions to the standards for the classification of federal data on race and ethnicity. Federal Register 62FR58782 (58790). Washington, DC. October 30, 1997. Available from: http://federalregister.gov/a/97-28653.

8. Office of Management and Budget. Race and ethnic standards for federal statistics and administrative reporting. Statistical Policy Direc tive 15. Washington, DC. 1977.

9. U.S. Census Bureau. Age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin information from the 1990 census: A comparison of census results with results

where age and race have been modified, 1990. CPH-L-74. Wash ington, DC: U.S. Department of Commerce. 1991.

10. Ingram D, Weed J, Parker J, Hamilton B, Schenker N, et al. U.S. census 2000 population with bridged race categories. National Center for Health Statistics. Vital Health Stat 2(135). 2003.

11. Schenker N, Parker J. From single-race reporting to multiple-race reporting: Using imputation methods to bridge the transition. Stat Med 22:1571–87. 2003.

12. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Update: Influenza activity—United States, 1998–99 season. MMWR; 48(9):177–81. Washington, DC: Public Health Service. 1999.

13. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Update: Influenza activity—United States, 1999–2000 season. MMWR; 49(9):173–7. Washington, DC: Public Health Service. 2000.

14. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Update: Influenza Activity—United States and worldwide, 2006–07 season, and compo sition of the 2007–08 influenza vaccine. MMWR; 56 (31):789–94. Washington, DC: Public Health Service. 2007.

15. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Influenza activity—United States and worldwide, 2007–08 season. MMWR; 57 (25):692–7. Washington, DC: Public Health Service. 2008.

16. Arias E, Schauman WS, Eschbach K, Sorlie PD, Backlund E. The validity of race and Hispanic origin reporting on death certificates in the United States. National Center for Health Statistics. Vital Health Stat 2(148). 2008.

17. Kochanek K, Maurer J, Rosenberg H. Causes of death contributing to changes in life expectancy: United States, 1984–89. National Center for Health Statistics. Vital Health Stat 20(23). 1994. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/series/sr_20/sr20_023.pdf.

18. Arias E, Eschbach K, Schauman WS, Backlund EL, Sorlie PD. The Hispanic mortality advantage and ethnic misclassification on US death certificates. Am J Public Health 100(S1):S171–7. 2010. Available from: http://ajph.aphapublications.org/cgi/content/abstract/100/S1/S171.

19. Abraida-Lanza A, Dohrenwend B, Ng-Mak D, Turner J. The Latino mortality paradox: A test of the ‘‘salmon bias’’ and healthy migrant hypotheses. Am J Public Health 89(10):1543–8. 1999. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1508801/pdf/ amjph00010-0085.pdf.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1508801/pdf/amjph00010-0085.pdf

http://ajph.aphapublications.org/cgi/content/abstract/100/S1/S171

http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/series/sr_20/sr20_023.pdf

http://federalregister.gov/a/97-28653

http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/vsus.htm#appendices

http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr58/nvsr58_01.pdf

15 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 19, May 20, 2010

20. Palloni A, Arias E. Paradox lost: Explaining the Hispanic adult mortality advantage. Demography 41(3):385–415. 2004.

21. Hoyert D. Mortality trends for Alzheimer’s disease, 1979–91. National Center for Health Statistics. Vital Health Stat 20(28). 1996. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/series/sr_20/sr20_028.pdf.

22. Hoyert D, Arias E, Smith B, Murphy S, Kochanek K. Deaths: Final data for 1999. National vital statistics reports; vol 49 no 8. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. 2001. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr49/nvsr49_08.pdf.

23. National Center for Health Statistics, Data Warehouse. Comparability of cause-of-death between ICD revisions [online]. 2008. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/mortality/comparability_icd.htm.

24. National Center for Health Statistics, Data Warehouse. Updated comparability ratios (ICD–10 and ICD–9) [online]. 2004. Available from: ftp://ftp.cdc.gov/pub/Health_Statistics/NCHS/Datasets/Comparability/ icd9_icd10/Comparability_Ratio_tables.xls.

25. Anderson R, Miniño A, Hoyert D, Rosenberg H. Comparability of cause of death between ICD–9 and ICD–10: Preliminary estimates. National vital statistics reports; vol 49 no 2. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. 2001. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr49/nvsr49_02.pdf.

26. Hoyert D, Kochanek K, Murphy S. Deaths: Final data for 1997. National vital statistics reports; vol 47 no 19. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. 1999.

27. National Center for Health Statistics. Hist293. Age-adjusted death rates for 72 selected causes by race and sex using year 2000 standard population: United States, 1979–98 [online]. 2001. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/mortab/aadr7998s.pdf.

28. Barbut F, Petit JC. Epidemiology of Clostridium difficile-associated infections. Clin Microbiol Infect 7(8):405–10. 2001.

29. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Severe Clostridium difficile-associated disease in populations previously at low risk—Four states, 2005. MMWR 54(47):1201–5. 2005.

30. Suneshine RH, McDonald LC. Clostridium difficile-associated disease: New challenges from an established pathogen. Cleve Clin J Med 73(2):187–97. 2006.

31. Redelings MD, Sorvillo F, Mascola L. Increase in Clostridium difficile related mortality rates, United States, 1999–2004. Emerging infectious diseases [online series] 13(9):1417–9. 2007. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/EID/content/13/9/1417.htm.

32. National Center for Health Statistics. Proceedings of the international collaborative effort on injury statistics; vol 1. Hyattsville, MD. 1995.

33. Fingerhut L, Cox C, Warner M. International comparative analysis of injury mortality: Findings from the ICE on injury statistics. Advance data from vital and health statistics; no 303. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. 1998.

34. Heron M, Hoyert DL, Murphy SL, Xu JQ, Kochanek KD, Tejada-Vera B. Deaths: Final data for 2006. National vital statistics reports; vol 57 no 14. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. 2009. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr57/nvsr57_14.pdf.

35. Pamuk E, Makuc D, Heck K, Reuben C, Lochner K. Socioeconomic status and health chartbook. Health, United States, 1998. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. 1998. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hus/hus98cht.pdf.

36. Mathews T, MacDorman M. Infant mortality statistics from the 2006 period linked birth/infant death data set. National vital statistics reports; vol 58 no 17. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. 2010. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr58/nvsr58_17.pdf.

37. Mathews T, MacDorman M. Infant mortality statistics from the 2007 period linked birth/infant death data set. National vital statistics reports. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. Forthcoming.

38. National Center for Health Statistics. 2003 revision of the U.S. Standard Certificate of Death [online]. 2003. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/dvs/DEATH11-03final-acc.pdf.

39. National Center for Health Statistics. Report of the panel to evaluate the U.S. standard certificates [online]. 2000. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/dvs/panelreport_acc.pdf.

40. National Center for Health Statistics. Technical appendix. Vital statistics of the United States, 1989, vol II, mortality, part A. Washington, DC. 1993.

41. Tolson G, Barnes J, Gay G, Kowaleski J. The 1989 revision of the U.S. standard certificates and reports. National Center for Health Statistics. Vital Health Stat 4(28). 1991.

42. World Health Organization. International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems, tenth revision. Geneva, Switzer land. 1992.

43. Comparability of mortality statistics for the sixth and seventh revisions, United States, 1958. Vital statistics—Special reports 51(4). Wash ington, DC: National Center for Health Statistics. 1965.

44. Klebba A, Dolman A. Comparability of mortality statistics for the seventh and eighth revisions of the international classification of diseases, United States. National Center for Health Statistics. Vital Health Stat 2(66). 1975.

45. Klebba A, Scott J. Estimates of selected comparability ratios based on dual coding of 1976 death certificates by the eighth and ninth revisions of the international classification of diseases. Monthly vital statistics report; vol 28 no 11. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. 1980.

46. National Center for Health Statistics, Vital statistics. Instructions for classifying multiple causes of death. NCHS instruction manual; part 2b. Hyattsville, MD. Published annually.

47. National Center for Health Statistics, Vital statistics. Instructions for classifying the underlying cause of death. NCHS instruction manual; part 2a. Hyattsville, MD. Published annually.

48. National Center for Health Statistics, Vital statistics. ICD–10 ACME decision tables for classifying underlying causes of death. NCHS instruction manual; part 2c. Hyattsville, MD. Published annually.

49. National Center for Health Statistics, Vital statistics. Data entry instructions for the mortality medical indexing, classification, and retrieval system (MICAR). NCHS instruction manual; part 2g. Hyatts ville, MD. Published annually.

50. National Center for Health Statistics, Vital statistics. Dictionary of valid terms for the mortality medical indexing, classification, and retrieval system (MICAR). NCHS instruction manual; part 2h. Hyattsville, MD. Published annually.

51. National Center for Health Statistics. Public-use data set documenta tion; control total Table 1: Mortality data set for ICD–10, 2007. Hyattsville, MD. Forthcoming.

52. Chamblee R, Evans M. TRANSAX, the NCHS system for producing multiple cause-of-death statistics, 1968–78. National Center for Health Statistics. Vital Health Stat 1(20). 1986.

53. Israel R, Rosenberg H, Curtin L. Analytical potential for multiple cause-of-death data. Am J Epidemiol 124(2):161–79. 1986.

54. National Center for Health Statistics. ICD–10 cause-of-death lists for tabulating mortality statistics (updated October 2007 to include WHO updates to ICD–10 for data year 2007). NCHS instruction manual, part 9. Hyattsville, MD. 2007.

55. National Center for Health Statistics. ICD–10 cause-of-death querying. NCHS instruction manual; part 20. Hyattsville, MD. Published annually.

56. National Center for Health Statistics. Vital statistics, data preparation. Computer edits for mortality data, including separate section for fetal deaths. NCHS instruction manual; part 11. Hyattsville, MD. Published annually.

http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/dvs/panelreport_acc.pdf

http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/dvs/DEATH11-03final-acc.pdf

http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr58/nvsr58_17.pdf

http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hus/hus98cht.pdf

http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr57/nvsr57_14.pdf

http://www.cdc.gov/EID/content/13/9/1417.htm

http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/mortab/aadr7998s.pdf

http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr49/nvsr49_02.pdf

ftp://ftp.cdc.gov/pub/Health_Statistics/NCHS/Datasets/Comparability/icd9_icd10/Comparability_Ratio_tables.xls

http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/mortality/comparability_icd.htm

http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr49/nvsr49_08.pdf

http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/series/sr_20/sr20_028.pdf

16 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 19, May 20, 2010

57. Miniño A, Anderson R, Fingerhut L, Boudreault M, Warner M. Deaths: Injuries, 2002. National vital statistics reports; vol 54 no 10. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. 2006. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/nvsr.htm#vol54.

58. Rosenberg H, Maurer J, Sorlie P, Johnson N. Quality of death rates by race and Hispanic origin: A summary of current research, 1999. National Center for Health Statistics. Vital Health Stat 2(128). 1999.

59. Sorlie P, Rogot E, Johnson N. Validity of demographic characteristics on the death certificate. Epidemiology 3(2):181–4. 1992.

60. Mulry M. Summary of accuracy and coverage evaluation for census 2000. Research Report Series, Statistics #2006–3. Washington, DC: Statistical Research Division, U.S. Census Bureau. 2006. Available from: http://www.census.gov/srd/papers/pdf/rrs2006-03.pdf.

61. Poe G, Powell-Griner E, McLaughlin J. Comparability of the death certificate and the 1986 national mortality followback survey. National Center for Health Statistics. Vital Health Stat 2(118). 1993. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/series/sr_02/sr02_118.pdf.

62. National Center for Health Statistics. Technical appendix. Vital statistics of the United States, 1989, vol I, natality. Hyattsville, MD. 1993.

63. National Center for Health Statistics. Technical appendix. Vital statistics of the United States: Mortality, 1999. Hyattsville, MD. 2004. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/statab/techap99.pdf.

64. Hoyert D. Effect on mortality rates of the 1989 changes in tabulating race. National Center for Health Statistics. Vital Health Stat 20(25). 1994. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/series/sr_20/sr20_025.pdf.

65. Martin JA, Hamilton BE, Sutton PD, et al. Births: Final data for 2007. National vital statistics reports. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. Forthcoming.

66. Anderson R. Method for constructing complete annual U.S. life tables. National Center for Health Statistics. Vital Health Stat 2(129). 1999. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/series/sr_02/sr02_129.pdf.

67. National Center for Health Statistics. U.S. decennial life tables for 1989–91, vol 1 no 2, Methodology of the national and state life tables. Hyattsville, MD. 1998. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/lifetables/life89_1_2.pdf.

68. Kestenbaum B. A description of the extreme aged population based on improved Medicare enrollment data. Demography 29:565–80. 1992.

69. Wei R, Curtin LR, Arias E, Anderson RN. U.S. decennial life tables for 1999–2001: Methodology of the United States life tables. National vital statistics reports; vol 57, no 4. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. 2008. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr57/nvsr57_04.pdf.

70. Arriaga E. Changing trends in mortality decline during the last decades. In: Ruzicka L, Wunsch G, Kane P, editors. Differential mortality: Methodological issues and biosocial factors. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1989.

71. Arriaga E. Measuring and explaining the change in life expectancies. Demography 21(1):83–96. 1984.

72. Kominski R, Adams A. Educational attainment in the United States, March 1993 and 1992. Current population reports, Population charac teristics P20–476. Washington, DC: U.S. Bureau of the Census. 1994. Available from: http://www.census.gov/population/www/socdemo/education/p20 476.html.

73. Sorlie PD, Johnson N. Validity of education information on the death certificate. Epidemiology 7(4):437–9. 1996.

74. Rostron B, Boies J, Arias E. Education reporting and classification on death certificates in the United States. Vital Health Stat 2(151). Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. 2010. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/series/sr_02/sr02_151.pdf.

75. MacKay A, Berg C, Duran C, Chang J, Rosenberg H. An assessment of pregnancy-related mortality in the United States. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 19(3):206–14. 2005.

76. Hoyert D. Maternal mortality and related concepts. National Center for Health Statistics. Vital Health Stat 3(33). Hyattsville, MD. 2007. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/series/sr_03/sr03_033.pdf.

77. National Center for Health Statistics. Vintage 2007 bridged-race postcensal population estimates of the resident population of the United States for July 1, 2000–July 1, 2007, by year, county, single-year of age, bridged race, Hispanic origin, and sex (pcen_v2007.txt). Prepared under a collaborative agreement with the U.S. Census Bureau. 2008. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/ nvss/bridged_race/data_documentation.htm#vintage2007.

78. U.S. Census Bureau, Housing and Household Economic Statistics Division. Population estimates for 2007 based on unpublished tabula tions. 2009.

79. U.S. Census Bureau. International data base. 2008. Available from: http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/idb.

80. National Center for Health Statistics. Vintage 2006 bridged-race postcensal population estimates of the resident population of the United States as of July 1, 2006, by year, county, single-year of age, bridged race, Hispanic origin, and sex [pcen_v2006_y06.txt (ASCII)]. 2007. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/bridged_race/ data_documentation.htm#vintage2006.

81. National Center for Health Statistics. Vintage 2005 bridged-race postcensal population estimates of the resident population of the United States as of July 1, 2005, by year, county, single-year of age, bridged race, Hispanic origin, and sex [pcen_v2005_y05.txt (ASCII)]. 2006. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/bridged_race/ data_documentation.htm#vintage2005.

82. National Center for Health Statistics. Vintage 2004 bridged-race postcensal population estimates of the resident population of the United States for July 1, 2000–July 1, 2004, by year, county, single-year of age, bridged race, Hispanic origin, and sex (pcen_v2004.txt). Prepared under a collaborative agreement with the U.S. Census Bureau. 2005. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/ nvss/bridged_race/data_documentation.htm#vintage2004.

83. National Center for Health Statistics. Bridged-race intercensal popula tion estimates for July 1, 1990–July 1, 1999, by year, county, 5-year age group, bridged-race, Hispanic origin, and sex (one ASCII file each per separate year). Prepared under a collaborative agreement with the U.S. Census Bureau. 2003. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/bridged_race.htm.

84. National Center for Health Statistics. Bridged-race population estimates for April 1, 2000, by county, single-year age group, bridged-race, Hispanic origin, and sex (br040100.txt). Prepared under a collaborative arrangement with the U.S. Census Bureau. 2003. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/bridged_race.htm.

85. National Center for Health Statistics. Vintage 2001 bridged-race postcensal population estimates for July 1, 2001, by single-year of age, bridged-race, Hispanic origin, and sex (pcen_v2001.txt). Prepared under a collaborative arrangement with the U.S. Census Bureau. 2003. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/bridged_race.htm.

86. National Center for Health Statistics. Vintage 2002 bridged-race postcensal population estimates for July 1, 2002, by county, single-year of age, bridged-race, Hispanic origin, and sex (pcen_v2002.txt). Prepared under a collaborative arrangement with the U.S. Census Bureau. 2003. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/bridged_race.htm.

87. National Center for Health Statistics. Vintage 2003 bridged-race postcensal population estimates as of July 1, 2003, by county, single-year of age, bridged-race, Hispanic origin, and sex

http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/bridged_race/data_documentation.htm#vintage2007

http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/bridged_race/data_documentation.htm#vintage2005

http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/bridged_race/data_documentation.htm#vintage2004

http://www.census.gov/population/www/socdemo/education/p20-476.html

http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/bridged_race/data_documentation.htm#vintage2006

http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/bridged_race.htm

http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/idb

http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/series/sr_03/sr03_033.pdf

http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/series/sr_02/sr02_151.pdf

http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr57/nvsr57_04.pdf

http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/lifetables/life89_1_2.pdf

http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/series/sr_02/sr02_129.pdf

http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/series/sr_20/sr20_025.pdf

http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/statab/techap99.pdf

http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/series/sr_02/sr02_118.pdf

http://www.census.gov/srd/papers/pdf/rrs2006-03.pdf

http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/nvsr.htm#vol54

National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 19, May 20, 2010 17

(pcen_v2003_y03.txt). Prepared under a collaborative arrangement with the U.S. Census Bureau. 2004. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/bridged_race.htm.

88. Anderson R, Rosenberg H. Age standardization of death rates: Implementation of the year 2000 standard. National vital statistics reports; vol 47 no 3. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. 1998. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr47/nvs47_03.pdf.

89. Brillinger D. The natural variability of vital rates and associated statistics. Biometrics 42(4):693–734. 1986.

90. Chiang C. Introduction to stochastic processes in biostatistics. New York: Wiley. 1968.

91. DeNavas-Walt C, Proctor B, Smith J. Income, poverty, and health insurance coverage in the United States: 2007. Current Population Reports, P60–235. Washington, DC: U.S. Census Bureau. 2008. Available from: http://www.census.gov/prod/2008pubs/p60-235.pdf.

92. DeNavas-Walt C, Proctor B, Smith J. Income, poverty, and health insurance coverage in the United States: 2006. Current population reports P60–233. Washington, DC: U.S. Census Bureau. 2007. Avail able from: http://www.census.gov/prod/2007pubs/p60-233.pdf.

93. Fay M, Feuer E. Confidence intervals for directly standardized rates: A method based on the gamma distribution. Stat Med 16(17):791–801. 1997.

94. Schenker N, Gentleman J. On judging the significance of differences by examining the overlap between confidence intervals. The American Statistician 55(3):182–6. 2001.

95. Arnold S. Mathematical statistics. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. 1990.

List of Detailed Tables 1. Number of deaths, death rates, and age-adjusted death rates, by

race and sex: United States, 1940, 1950, 1960, 1970, and 1980–2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

2. Number of deaths, death rates, and age-adjusted death rates, by Hispanic origin, race for non-Hispanic population, and sex: United States, 1997–2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

3. Number of deaths and death rates, by age, race, and sex: United States, 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

4. Number of deaths and death rates, by Hispanic origin, race for non-Hispanic population, age, and sex: United States, 2007 . . 23

5. Number of deaths and death rates by age, and age-adjusted death rates, by specified Hispanic origin, race for non-Hispanic population, and sex: United States, 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

6. Abridged life table for the total population, 2007 . . . . . . . . . . 26 7. Life expectancy at selected ages, by race and sex: United

States, 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 8. Life expectancy at birth, by race and sex: United States, 1940,

1950, 1960, 1970, and 1975–2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 9. Death rates by age and age-adjusted death rates for the 15

leading causes of death in 2007: United States, 1999–2007 . . 28 10. Number of deaths from 113 selected causes and Enterocolitis

due to Clostridium difficile, by age: United States, 2007 . . . . . 32 11. Death rates for 113 selected causes and Enterocolitis due to

Clostridium difficile, by age: United States, 2007 . . . . . . . . . . 36 12. Number of deaths from 113 selected causes and Enterocolitis

due to Clostridium difficile, by race and sex: United States, 2007 41 13. Number of deaths from 113 selected causes and Enterocolitis

due to Clostridium difficile, by Hispanic origin, race for non- Hispanic population, and sex: United States, 2007 . . . . . . . . . 49

14. Death rates for 113 selected causes and Enterocolitis due to Clostridium difficile, by race and sex: United States, 2007 . . . . 57

15. Death rates for 113 selected causes and Enterocolitis due to Clostridium difficile, by Hispanic origin, race for non-Hispanic population, and sex: United States, 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

16. Age-adjusted death rates for 113 selected causes and Entero colitis due to Clostridium difficile, by race and sex: United States, 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

17. Age-adjusted death rates for 113 selected causes and Entero colitis due to Clostridium difficile, by Hispanic origin, race for non-Hispanic population, and sex: United States, 2007 . . . . . . 81

18. Number of deaths, death rates, and age-adjusted death rates for injury deaths, by mechanism and intent of death: United States, 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

19. Number of deaths, death rates, and age-adjusted death rates for injury by firearms, by race and sex: United States, 1999–2007. 91

20. Number of deaths, death rates, and age-adjusted death rates for injury by firearms, by Hispanic origin, race for non-Hispanic population, and sex: United States, 1999–2007 . . . . . . . . . . . 92

21. Number of deaths, death rates, and age-adjusted death rates for drug-induced causes, by race and sex: United States, 1999–2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

22. Number of deaths, death rates, and age-adjusted death rates for drug-induced causes, by Hispanic origin, race for non-Hispanic population, and sex: United States, 1999–2007 . . . . . . . . . . . 94

23. Number of deaths, death rates, and age-adjusted death rates for alcohol-induced causes, by race and sex: United States, 1999–2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

24. Number of deaths, death rates, and age-adjusted death rates for alcohol-induced causes, by Hispanic origin, race for non- Hispanic population, and sex: United States, 1999–2007 . . . . . 96

25. Number of deaths, death rates, and age-adjusted death rates for ages 15 years and over, by marital status and sex: United States, 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

26. Number of deaths, death rates, and age-adjusted death rates for ages 25–64 years, by educational attainment and sex: Total of 22 reporting states and the District of Columbia using the 2003 version of the U.S. Standard Certificate of Death and total of 26 reporting states using the 1989 version of the U.S. Standard Certificate of Death, 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

27. Number of deaths, death rates, and age-adjusted death rates for injury at work and ages 15 years and over, by race and sex: United States, 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99

28. Number of deaths, death rates, and age-adjusted death rates for injury at work, by race and sex: United States, 1993–2007 . . . 100

29. Number of deaths, death rates, and age-adjusted death rates for major causes of death: United States, each state, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and Northern Marianas, 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

30. Infant, neonatal, and postneonatal mortality rates, by race and sex: United States, 1940, 1950, 1960, 1970, and 1975–2007. . 107

31. Number of infant deaths and infant mortality rates for 130 selected causes, by race: United States, 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . 110

32. Number of infant and neonatal deaths and mortality rates, by race for the United States, each state, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and Northern Marianas, and by sex for the United States, 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114

33. Number of maternal deaths and maternal mortality rates for selected causes, by race: United States, 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . 115

34. Number of maternal deaths and maternal mortality rates for selected causes, by Hispanic origin and race for non-Hispanic population: United States, 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116

http://www.census.gov/prod/2007pubs/p60-233.pdf

http://www.census.gov/prod/2008pubs/p60-235.pdf

http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr47/nvs47_03.pdf

http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/bridged_race.htm

Table 1. Number of deaths, death rates, and age-adjusted death rates, by race and sex: United States, 1940, 1950, 1960, 1970, and 1980–2007 [Crude rates on an annual basis per 100,000 population in specified age group; age-adjusted rates per 100,000 U.S. standard population; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ Rates are based on populations enumerated as of April 1 for census years and estimated as of July 1 for all other years; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ Beginning in 1970, excludes deaths of nonresidents of the United States. Data for specified races other than white and black should be interpreted with caution because of inconsistencies between reporting race on death certificates and on censuses and surveys; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ Race categories are consistent with the 1977 Office of Management and Budget (OMB) standards]

All races1 White2 Black2 American Indian or Alaska Native2,3 Asian or Pacific Islander2,4

Both Both Both Both Both Year sexes Male Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Female

Number

2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,423,712 1,203,968 1,219,744 2,074,151 1,023,951 1,050,200 289,585 148,309 141,276 14,367 7,885 6,482 45,609 23,823 21,786 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,426,264 1,201,942 1,224,322 2,077,549 1,022,328 1,055,221 289,971 148,602 141,369 14,037 7,630 6,407 44,707 23,382 21,325 2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,448,017 1,207,675 1,240,342 2,098,097 1,028,152 1,069,945 292,808 149,108 143,700 13,918 7,607 6,311 43,194 22,808 20,386 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,397,615 1,181,668 1,215,947 2,056,643 1,007,266 1,049,377 287,315 145,970 141,345 13,124 7,134 5,990 40,533 21,298 19,235 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,448,288 1,201,964 1,246,324 2,103,714 1,025,650 1,078,064 291,300 148,022 143,278 13,147 7,106 6,041 40,127 21,186 18,941 2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,443,387 1,199,264 1,244,123 2,102,589 1,025,196 1,077,393 290,051 146,835 143,216 12,415 6,750 5,665 38,332 20,483 17,849 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,416,425 1,183,421 1,233,004 2,079,691 1,011,218 1,068,473 287,709 145,908 141,801 11,977 6,466 5,511 37,048 19,829 17,219 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,403,351 1,177,578 1,225,773 2,071,287 1,007,191 1,064,096 285,826 145,184 140,642 11,363 6,185 5,178 34,875 19,018 15,857 1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,391,399 1,175,460 1,215,939 2,061,348 1,005,335 1,056,013 285,064 145,703 139,361 11,312 6,092 5,220 33,675 18,330 15,345 1998 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,337,256 1,157,260 1,179,996 2,015,984 990,190 1,025,794 278,440 143,417 135,023 10,845 5,994 4,851 31,987 17,659 14,328 1997 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,314,245 1,154,039 1,160,206 1,996,393 986,884 1,009,509 276,520 144,110 132,410 10,576 5,985 4,591 30,756 17,060 13,696 1996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,314,690 1,163,569 1,151,121 1,992,966 991,984 1,000,982 282,089 149,472 132,617 10,127 5,563 4,564 29,508 16,550 12,958 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,312,132 1,172,959 1,139,173 1,987,437 997,277 990,160 286,401 154,175 132,226 9,997 5,574 4,423 28,297 15,933 12,364 1994 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,278,994 1,162,747 1,116,247 1,959,875 988,823 971,052 282,379 153,019 129,360 9,637 5,497 4,140 27,103 15,408 11,695 1993 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,268,553 1,161,797 1,106,756 1,951,437 988,329 963,108 282,151 153,502 128,649 9,579 5,434 4,145 25,386 14,532 10,854 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,175,613 1,122,336 1,053,277 1,873,781 956,957 916,824 269,219 146,630 122,589 8,953 5,181 3,772 23,660 13,568 10,092 1991 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,169,518 1,121,665 1,047,853 1,868,904 956,497 912,407 269,525 147,331 122,194 8,621 4,948 3,673 22,173 12,727 9,446 1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,148,463 1,113,417 1,035,046 1,853,254 950,812 902,442 265,498 145,359 120,139 8,316 4,877 3,439 21,127 12,211 8,916 1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,150,466 1,114,190 1,036,276 1,853,841 950,852 902,989 267,642 146,393 121,249 8,614 5,066 3,548 20,042 11,688 8,354 1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,167,999 1,125,540 1,042,459 1,876,906 965,419 911,487 264,019 144,228 119,791 7,917 4,617 3,300 18,963 11,155 7,808 1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,123,323 1,107,958 1,015,365 1,843,067 953,382 889,685 254,814 139,551 115,263 7,602 4,432 3,170 17,689 10,496 7,193 1986 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,105,361 1,104,005 1,001,356 1,831,083 952,554 878,529 250,326 137,214 113,112 7,301 4,365 2,936 16,514 9,795 6,719 1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,086,440 1,097,758 988,682 1,819,054 950,455 868,599 244,207 133,610 110,597 7,154 4,181 2,973 15,887 9,441 6,446 1984 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,039,369 1,076,514 962,855 1,781,897 934,529 847,368 235,884 129,147 106,737 6,949 4,117 2,832 14,483 8,627 5,856 1983 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,019,201 1,071,923 947,278 1,765,582 931,779 833,803 233,124 127,911 105,213 6,839 4,064 2,775 13,554 8,126 5,428 1982 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,974,797 1,056,440 918,357 1,729,085 919,239 809,846 226,513 125,610 100,903 6,679 3,974 2,705 12,430 7,564 4,866 1981 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,977,981 1,063,772 914,209 1,731,233 925,490 805,743 228,560 127,296 101,264 6,608 4,016 2,592 11,475 6,908 4,567 1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,989,841 1,075,078 914,763 1,738,607 933,878 804,729 233,135 130,138 102,997 6,923 4,193 2,730 11,071 6,809 4,262 1970 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,921,031 1,078,478 842,553 1,682,096 942,437 739,659 225,647 127,540 98,107 5,675 3,391 2,284 - - - - - - 1960 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,711,982 975,648 736,334 1,505,335 860,857 644,478 196,010 107,701 88,309 4,528 2,658 1,870 - - - - - - 1950 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,452,454 827,749 624,705 1,276,085 731,366 544,719 169,606 92,004 77,602 4,440 2,497 1,943 - - - - - - 1940 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,417,269 791,003 626,266 1,231,223 690,901 540,322 178,743 95,517 83,226 4,791 2,527 2,264 - - - - - -

See footnotes at end of table.

18 N

ational Vital Statistics R eports, Vol. 58, N

o. 19, M ay 20, 2010

19 N

ational Vital Statistics R eports, Vol. 58, N

o. 19, M ay 20, 2010

Table 1. Number of deaths, death rates, and age-adjusted death rates, by race and sex: United States, 1940, 1950, 1960, 1970, and 1980–2007—Con. [Crude rates on an annual basis per 100,000 population in specified age group; age-adjusted rates per 100,000 U.S. standard population; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ Rates are based on populations enumerated as of April 1 for census years and estimated as of July 1 for all other years; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ Beginning in 1970, excludes deaths of nonresidents of the United States. Data for specified races other than white and black should be interpreted with caution because of inconsistencies between reporting race on death certificates and on censuses and surveys; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ Race categories are consistent with the 1977 Office of Management and Budget (OMB) standards]

All races1 White2 Black2 American Indian or Alaska Native2,3 Asian or Pacific Islander2,4

Both Both Both Both Both Year sexes Male Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Female

Death rate

2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 803.6 809.9 797.4 851.5 848.1 854.9 723.4 775.6 675.7 444.0 488.2 400.0 308.7 331.4 287.2 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 810.4 814.8 806.1 858.1 852.3 863.9 733.0 786.7 684.0 438.5 477.1 399.9 307.4 330.6 285.6 2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 825.9 827.2 824.6 873.7 864.5 882.8 749.4 799.2 703.9 440.3 481.9 398.8 307.7 333.9 282.8 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 816.5 817.6 815.4 863.2 854.2 871.9 744.3 792.6 700.3 416.8 453.8 380.0 297.2 321.1 274.6 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 841.9 840.3 843.4 890.1 877.6 902.3 763.6 813.7 717.9 422.6 457.6 387.7 303.9 330.0 279.2 2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 847.3 846.6 848.0 895.7 884.0 907.0 768.4 816.7 724.4 403.6 439.6 367.7 299.5 331.4 269.7 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 848.5 846.4 850.4 895.1 881.9 907.9 773.5 823.9 727.7 392.1 424.2 360.2 303.8 335.0 274.4 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 854.0 853.0 855.0 900.2 887.8 912.3 781.1 834.1 733.0 380.8 415.6 346.1 296.6 332.9 262.3 1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 857.0 859.2 854.9 901.4 892.1 910.4 788.1 847.4 734.3 399.3 431.8 367.1 296.8 333.2 262.5 1998 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 847.3 856.4 838.5 889.5 887.3 891.6 782.3 848.2 722.6 397.8 441.9 354.2 293.8 335.4 254.9 1997 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 848.8 864.6 833.6 889.1 893.3 885.0 789.9 867.1 720.1 402.7 458.2 347.7 294.1 336.8 253.9 1996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 859.2 882.8 836.7 896.0 907.1 885.3 819.7 915.3 733.3 399.5 441.5 358.0 294.4 340.2 251.1 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 868.3 900.8 837.2 901.8 921.0 883.2 846.2 960.2 743.2 409.4 459.4 360.1 294.6 341.4 250.4 1994 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 866.1 904.2 829.7 897.8 922.6 873.8 849.0 970.2 739.7 408.2 468.8 348.3 294.6 344.0 247.7 1993 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 872.8 915.0 832.5 902.7 931.8 874.6 864.6 992.2 749.6 419.8 479.6 360.7 288.0 338.1 240.3 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 848.1 896.1 802.4 875.8 912.2 840.8 841.8 967.6 728.6 406.6 474.1 340.0 282.1 331.1 235.3 1991 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 857.6 908.8 808.7 883.2 922.7 845.2 861.4 994.8 741.4 405.3 468.9 342.7 278.7 326.9 232.4 1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 863.8 918.4 812.0 888.0 930.9 846.9 871.0 1,008.0 747.9 402.8 476.4 330.4 283.3 334.3 234.3 1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 871.3 926.3 818.9 893.2 936.5 851.8 887.9 1,026.7 763.2 430.5 510.7 351.3 280.9 334.5 229.4 1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 886.7 945.1 831.2 910.5 957.9 865.3 888.3 1,026.1 764.6 411.7 485.0 339.9 282.0 339.0 227.4 1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 876.4 939.3 816.7 900.1 952.7 849.8 868.9 1,006.2 745.7 410.7 483.8 339.0 278.9 338.3 222.0 1986 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 876.7 944.7 812.3 900.1 958.6 844.3 864.9 1,002.6 741.5 409.5 494.9 325.9 276.2 335.1 219.9 1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 876.9 948.6 809.1 900.4 963.6 840.1 854.8 989.3 734.2 416.4 492.5 342.5 283.4 344.6 224.9 1984 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 864.8 938.8 794.7 887.8 954.1 824.6 836.1 968.5 717.4 419.6 502.7 338.4 275.9 336.5 218.1 1983 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 863.7 943.2 788.4 885.4 957.7 816.4 836.6 971.2 715.9 428.5 515.1 343.9 276.1 339.1 216.1 1982 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 852.4 938.4 771.2 873.1 951.8 798.2 823.4 966.2 695.5 434.5 522.9 348.1 271.3 338.3 207.4 1981 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 862.0 954.0 775.0 880.4 965.2 799.8 842.4 992.6 707.7 445.6 547.9 345.6 272.3 336.2 211.5 1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 878.3 976.9 785.3 892.5 983.3 806.1 875.4 1,034.1 733.3 487.4 597.1 380.1 296.9 375.3 222.5 1970 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 945.3 1,090.3 807.8 946.3 1,086.7 812.6 999.3 1,186.6 829.2 - - - - - - - - - - - - 1960 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 954.7 1,104.5 809.2 947.8 1,098.5 800.9 1,038.6 1,181.7 905.0 - - - - - - - - - - - - 1950 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 963.8 1,106.1 823.5 945.7 1,089.5 803.3 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1940 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,076.4 1,197.4 954.6 1,041.5 1,162.2 919.4 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

See footnotes at end of table.

All races1 White2 Black2 American Indian or Alaska Native2,3 Asian or Pacific Islander2,4

Both Both Both Both Both Year sexes Male Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Female

Age-adjusted death rate5

2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 760.2 905.6 643.4 749.4 890.5 634.8 958.0 1,184.4 793.8 627.2 736.7 533.2 415.0 499.2 350.6 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 776.5 924.8 657.8 764.4 908.2 648.2 982.0 1,215.6 813.0 642.1 739.9 555.7 428.6 516.0 362.6 2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 798.8 951.1 677.6 785.3 933.2 666.5 1,016.5 1,252.9 845.7 663.4 775.3 567.7 440.2 534.4 369.3 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 800.8 955.7 679.2 786.3 936.9 666.9 1,027.3 1,269.4 855.3 650.0 758.1 557.9 443.9 534.7 375.5 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 832.7 994.3 706.2 817.0 973.9 693.1 1,065.9 1,319.1 885.6 685.0 797.0 592.1 465.7 562.7 392.7 2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 845.3 1,013.7 715.2 829.0 992.9 701.3 1,083.3 1,341.4 901.8 677.4 794.2 581.1 474.4 578.4 395.9 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 854.5 1,029.1 721.8 836.5 1,006.1 706.7 1,101.2 1,375.0 912.5 686.7 798.9 594.0 492.1 597.4 412.0 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 869.0 1,053.8 731.4 849.8 1,029.4 715.3 1,121.4 1,403.5 927.6 709.3 841.5 604.5 506.4 624.2 416.8 1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 875.6 1,067.0 734.0 854.6 1,040.0 716.6 1,135.7 1,432.6 933.6 780.9 925.9 668.2 519.7 641.2 427.5 1998 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 870.6 1,069.4 724.7 849.3 1,042.0 707.3 1,127.8 1,430.5 921.6 770.4 943.9 640.5 522.4 646.9 426.7 1997 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 878.1 1,088.1 725.6 855.7 1,059.1 707.8 1,139.8 1,458.8 922.1 774.0 974.8 625.3 531.8 660.2 432.6 1996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 894.1 1,115.7 733.0 869.0 1,082.9 713.6 1,178.4 1,524.2 940.3 763.6 924.8 641.7 543.2 676.1 439.6 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 909.8 1,143.9 739.4 882.3 1,107.5 718.7 1,213.9 1,585.7 955.9 771.2 932.0 643.9 554.8 693.4 446.7 1994 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 913.5 1,155.5 738.6 885.6 1,118.7 717.5 1,216.9 1,592.8 954.6 764.8 953.3 618.8 562.7 702.5 452.1 1993 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 926.1 1,177.3 745.9 897.0 1,138.9 724.1 1,241.2 1,632.2 969.5 796.4 1,006.3 641.6 565.8 709.9 450.4 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 905.6 1,158.3 725.5 877.7 1,122.4 704.1 1,206.7 1,587.8 942.5 759.0 970.4 599.4 558.5 697.3 445.8 1991 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 922.3 1,180.5 738.2 893.2 1,143.1 716.1 1,235.4 1,626.1 963.3 763.9 970.6 608.3 566.2 703.4 453.2 1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 938.7 1,202.8 750.9 909.8 1,165.9 728.8 1,250.3 1,644.5 975.1 716.3 916.2 561.8 582.0 716.4 469.3 1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 950.5 1,215.0 761.8 920.2 1,176.6 738.8 1,275.5 1,670.1 998.1 761.6 999.8 586.3 581.3 729.6 458.4 1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 975.7 1,250.7 781.0 947.6 1,215.9 759.1 1,284.3 1,677.6 1,006.8 718.6 917.4 563.6 584.2 732.0 451.0 1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 970.0 1,246.1 774.2 943.4 1,213.4 753.3 1,263.1 1,650.3 989.7 719.8 899.3 583.7 577.3 732.4 448.1 1986 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 978.6 1,261.7 778.7 952.8 1,230.5 758.1 1,266.7 1,650.1 994.4 720.8 926.7 549.3 576.4 730.5 445.4 1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 988.1 1,278.1 784.5 963.6 1,249.8 764.3 1,261.2 1,634.5 994.4 731.7 926.1 577.2 586.5 755.4 456.7 1984 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 982.5 1,271.4 779.8 959.7 1,245.9 760.7 1,236.7 1,600.8 976.9 761.7 946.0 567.9 574.4 724.7 443.1 1983 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 990.0 1,284.5 783.3 967.3 1,259.4 763.9 1,240.5 1,600.7 980.7 757.3 945.0 605.5 565.1 718.8 428.8 1982 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 985.0 1,279.9 776.6 963.6 1,255.9 758.7 1,221.3 1,580.4 960.1 757.0 940.1 604.4 550.4 738.2 410.3 1981 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,007.1 1,308.2 792.7 984.0 1,282.2 773.6 1,258.4 1,626.6 986.6 784.6 1,030.2 588.0 544.7 710.3 405.3 1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,039.1 1,348.1 817.9 1,012.7 1,317.6 796.1 1,314.8 1,697.8 1,033.3 867.0 1,111.5 662.4 589.9 786.5 425.9 1970 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,222.6 1,542.1 971.4 1,193.3 1,513.7 944.0 1,518.1 1,873.9 1,228.7 - - - - - - - - - - - - 1960 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,339.2 1,609.0 1,105.3 1,311.3 1,586.0 1,074.4 1,577.5 1,811.1 1,369.7 - - - - - - - - - - - - 1950 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,446.0 1,674.2 1,236.0 1,410.8 1,642.5 1,198.0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1940 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,785.0 1,976.0 1,599.4 1,735.3 1,925.2 1,550.4 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

- - - Data not available. 1For 1940–1991, data include deaths among races not shown separately; beginning in 1992, records coded as ‘‘other races’’ and records for which race was unknown, not stated, or not classifiable were assigned to the race of previous record; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ 2Multiple-race data were reported by 27 states and the District of Columbia in 2007, by 25 states and the District of Columbia in 2006, by 21 states and the District of Columbia in 2005, by 15 states in 2004, and by 7 states in 2003; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ The multiple-race data for these reporting areas were bridged to the single-race categories of the 1977 OMB standards for comparability with other reporting areas; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ 3Includes Aleuts and Eskimos. 4Includes Chinese, Filipino, Hawaiian, Japanese, and Other Asian or Pacific Islander. 5For method of computation, see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’

20 N

ational Vital Statistics R eports, Vol. 58, N

o. 19, M ay 20, 2010

21 N

ational Vital Statistics R eports, Vol. 58, N

o. 19, M ay 20, 2010

Table 2. Number of deaths, death rates, and age-adjusted death rates, by Hispanic origin, race for non-Hispanic population, and sex: United States, 1997–2007 [Crude rates on an annual basis per 100,000 population in specified group; age-adjusted rates per 100,000 U.S. standard population; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ Rates are based on populations enumerated as of April 1 for 2000 and are estimated as of July 1 for all other years; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ Race and Hispanic origin are reported separately on the death certificate. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. Data for Hispanic persons are not tabulated separately by race; data for non-Hispanic persons are tabulated by race. Race categories are consistent with the 1977 Office of Management and Budget (OMB) standards. Data for Hispanic origin should be interpreted with caution because of inconsistencies between reporting Hispanic origin on death certificates and on censuses and surveys; see ‘‘Technical Notes’’]

All origins1 Hispanic Non-Hispanic2 Non-Hispanic white3 Non-Hispanic black3

Both Both Both Both Both Year sexes Male Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Female

Number

2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,423,712 1,203,968 1,219,744 135,519 75,708 59,811 2,284,446 1,125,974 1,158,472 1,939,606 948,662 990,944 286,366 146,474 139,892 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,426,264 1,201,942 1,224,322 133,004 74,250 58,754 2,288,424 1,124,813 1,163,611 1,944,617 947,966 996,651 286,581 146,729 139,852 2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,448,017 1,207,675 1,240,342 131,161 73,788 57,373 2,312,028 1,131,013 1,181,015 1,967,142 954,402 1,012,740 289,163 147,010 142,153 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,397,615 1,181,668 1,215,947 122,416 68,544 53,872 2,269,583 1,109,848 1,159,735 1,933,382 938,143 995,239 283,859 144,022 139,837 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,448,288 1,201,964 1,246,324 122,026 68,119 53,907 2,319,476 1,129,927 1,189,549 1,979,465 956,194 1,023,271 287,968 146,136 141,832 2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,443,387 1,199,264 1,244,123 117,135 65,703 51,432 2,318,269 1,129,090 1,189,179 1,981,973 957,645 1,024,328 286,573 144,802 141,771 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,416,425 1,183,421 1,233,004 113,413 63,317 50,096 2,295,244 1,115,683 1,179,561 1,962,810 945,967 1,016,843 284,343 143,971 140,372 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,403,351 1,177,578 1,225,773 107,254 60,172 47,082 2,287,846 1,112,704 1,175,142 1,959,919 944,781 1,015,138 282,676 143,297 139,379 1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,391,399 1,175,460 1,215,939 103,740 57,991 45,749 2,279,325 1,112,718 1,166,607 1,953,197 944,913 1,008,284 281,979 143,883 138,096 1998 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,337,256 1,157,260 1,179,996 98,406 55,821 42,585 2,230,127 1,096,677 1,133,450 1,912,802 931,844 980,958 275,264 141,627 133,637 1997 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,314,245 1,154,039 1,160,206 95,460 54,348 41,112 2,209,450 1,094,541 1,114,909 1,895,461 929,703 965,758 273,381 142,241 131,140

Death rate

2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 803.6 809.9 797.4 297.8 321.8 272.1 892.0 899.8 884.5 964.1 960.4 967.6 750.7 805.1 701.0 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 810.4 814.8 806.1 300.1 323.9 274.6 897.1 902.8 891.7 968.5 962.0 974.7 759.1 815.3 708.0 2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 825.9 827.2 824.6 307.3 334.4 278.2 911.2 912.6 910.0 981.8 970.6 992.6 774.4 825.7 727.6 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 816.5 817.6 815.4 296.2 321.1 269.7 899.4 900.9 898.0 967.8 957.4 977.7 768.8 818.7 723.4 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 841.9 840.3 843.4 305.8 330.7 279.3 924.4 922.9 925.9 993.6 979.1 1,007.6 788.8 840.6 741.6 2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 847.3 846.6 848.0 302.2 328.7 274.0 928.8 928.0 929.5 997.5 983.9 1,010.6 792.8 842.3 748.0 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 848.5 846.4 850.4 306.8 332.9 279.0 926.2 923.6 928.6 991.1 975.6 1,006.1 798.1 849.7 751.2 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 854.0 853.0 855.0 303.8 331.3 274.6 929.6 928.1 931.0 993.2 978.5 1,007.3 805.5 859.5 756.7 1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 857.0 859.2 854.9 305.7 332.6 277.2 929.9 932.2 927.8 990.7 979.6 1,001.3 812.1 872.8 757.3 1998 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 847.3 856.4 838.5 303.9 336.0 270.0 916.0 925.3 907.1 972.9 969.2 976.5 805.6 873.7 744.1 1997 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 848.8 864.6 833.6 309.0 343.2 272.9 913.9 930.4 898.3 967.4 970.6 964.3 813.5 892.9 741.9

Age-adjusted death rate4

2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 760.2 905.6 643.4 546.1 654.5 452.7 776.3 924.9 657.7 763.3 906.8 647.7 978.6 1,210.9 810.4 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 776.5 924.8 657.8 564.0 675.6 468.6 791.4 942.6 671.1 777.0 922.8 660.0 1,001.4 1,241.0 828.4 2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 798.8 951.1 677.6 590.7 717.0 485.3 812.5 966.7 690.3 796.6 945.4 677.7 1,034.5 1,275.3 860.5 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 800.8 955.7 679.2 586.7 706.8 485.9 814.1 971.1 691.4 797.1 949.0 677.5 1,044.7 1,291.5 869.4 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 832.7 994.3 706.2 621.2 748.1 515.8 844.5 1,008.0 717.2 826.1 984.0 702.1 1,083.2 1,341.1 899.8 2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 845.3 1,013.7 715.2 629.3 766.7 518.3 856.5 1,026.5 725.8 837.5 1,002.2 709.9 1,099.2 1,360.6 915.3 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 854.5 1,029.1 721.8 658.7 802.5 544.2 864.0 1,039.8 730.9 842.9 1,012.8 713.5 1,116.5 1,393.7 925.5 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 869.0 1,053.8 731.4 665.7 818.1 546.0 877.9 1,063.8 740.0 855.5 1,035.4 721.5 1,137.0 1,422.0 941.2 1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 875.6 1,067.0 734.0 676.4 830.5 555.9 883.9 1,076.4 741.9 859.8 1,045.5 722.3 1,150.1 1,449.4 946.0 1998 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 870.6 1,069.4 724.7 665.4 833.6 536.9 878.4 1,078.2 732.4 854.1 1,046.7 712.8 1,141.8 1,448.2 932.9 1997 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 878.1 1,088.1 725.6 669.3 840.5 538.8 885.3 1,096.4 732.6 859.7 1,063.2 712.5 1,154.3 1,476.7 934.2

1Figures for origin not stated are included in ‘‘all origins’’ but are not distributed among specified origins. 2Includes races other than white and black. 3Multiple-race data were reported by 27 states and the District of Columbia in 2007, by 25 states and the District of Columbia in 2006, by 21 states and the District of Columbia in 2005, by 15 states in 2004, and by 7 states in 2003; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ The multiple-race data for these reporting areas were bridged to the single-race categories of the 1977 OMB standards for comparability with other reporting areas; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ 4For method of computation, see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’

Table 3. Number of deaths and death rates, by age, race, and sex: United States, 2007 [Rates per 100,000 population in specified group. Populations used for computing death rates are postcensal estimates based on the 2000 census, estimated as of July 1, 2007; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ Data for specified races other than white and black should be interpreted with caution because of inconsistencies between reporting race on death certificates and on censuses and surveys; see ‘‘Technical Notes’’]

All races White1 Black1 American Indian or Alaska Native1,2 Asian or Pacific Islander1,3

Both Both Both Both Both Age sexes Male Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Female

Number All ages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,423,712 1,203,968 1,219,744 2,074,151 1,023,951 1,050,200 289,585 148,309 141,276 14,367 7,885 6,482 45,609 23,823 21,786 Under 1 year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,138 16,293 12,845 18,807 10,540 8,267 8,944 4,975 3,969 432 241 191 955 537 418 1–4 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,703 2,634 2,069 3,287 1,847 1,440 1,137 621 516 97 57 40 182 109 73 5–9 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,711 1,519 1,192 2,001 1,112 889 577 331 246 40 25 15 93 51 42 10–14 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,436 2,066 1,370 2,479 1,478 1,001 786 485 301 54 36 18 117 67 50 15–19 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,299 9,558 3,741 9,765 6,851 2,914 2,956 2,302 654 265 182 83 313 223 90 20–24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,683 15,758 4,925 15,372 11,662 3,710 4,424 3,449 975 357 259 98 530 388 142 25–29 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,931 15,107 5,824 15,382 11,159 4,223 4,741 3,398 1,343 349 250 99 459 300 159 30–34 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,641 14,685 6,956 15,799 10,839 4,960 4,921 3,250 1,671 382 264 118 539 332 207 35–39 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,881 19,755 11,126 22,804 14,820 7,984 6,831 4,147 2,684 497 315 182 749 473 276 40–44 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48,725 30,350 18,375 36,767 23,301 13,466 10,159 5,959 4,200 716 453 263 1,083 637 446 45–49 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77,738 47,904 29,834 59,635 37,447 22,188 15,609 8,970 6,639 937 562 375 1,557 925 632 50–54 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106,948 66,552 40,396 82,598 52,109 30,489 21,209 12,525 8,684 1,021 631 390 2,120 1,287 833 55–59 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132,458 81,590 50,868 104,284 64,772 39,512 24,190 14,468 9,722 1,186 700 486 2,798 1,650 1,148 60–64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154,652 92,028 62,624 127,003 76,013 50,990 23,492 13,659 9,833 1,181 672 509 2,976 1,684 1,292 65–69 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174,991 100,492 74,499 145,663 84,199 61,464 24,555 13,587 10,968 1,222 644 578 3,551 2,062 1,489 70–74 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214,247 117,852 96,395 181,714 100,629 81,085 26,829 14,085 12,744 1,314 713 601 4,390 2,425 1,965 75–79 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289,029 149,669 139,360 253,164 132,199 120,965 29,063 14,001 15,062 1,351 671 680 5,451 2,798 2,653 80–84 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363,653 171,134 192,519 325,958 154,625 171,333 29,923 12,814 17,109 1,195 543 652 6,577 3,152 3,425 85 years and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . 713,647 248,866 464,781 651,521 228,227 423,294 49,194 15,255 33,939 1,771 667 1,104 11,161 4,717 6,444 Not stated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201 156 45 148 122 26 45 28 17 - - - 8 6 2

Rate All ages4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 803.6 809.9 797.4 851.5 848.1 854.9 723.4 775.6 675.7 444.0 488.2 400.0 308.7 331.4 287.2 Under 1 year5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 684.5 747.8 618.1 573.7 627.8 516.8 1,250.0 1,363.2 1,132.2 921.7 1,009.9 830.3 441.8 483.5 397.6 1–4 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.6 31.3 25.7 25.8 28.3 23.1 42.2 45.3 39.0 54.9 63.6 46.0 21.7 25.3 17.9 5–9 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.7 15.0 12.3 12.9 14.0 11.8 18.0 20.4 15.6 16.6 20.4 * 9.8 10.6 8.9 10–14 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.9 19.9 13.8 15.7 18.3 13.0 23.6 28.7 18.4 19.5 25.7 * 12.3 13.8 10.6 15–19 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.9 86.8 35.7 58.6 80.0 36.0 83.4 128.1 37.4 86.5 117.4 54.9 32.7 45.3 19.4 20–24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98.3 145.2 48.4 93.0 136.1 46.6 138.0 212.3 61.6 120.7 170.6 68.0 53.2 76.2 29.1 25–29 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99.4 140.2 56.6 93.0 130.6 52.8 155.4 227.1 86.4 129.8 178.6 76.8 38.2 50.4 26.2 30–34 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110.8 148.2 72.3 103.4 138.1 66.8 184.4 255.8 119.5 166.2 221.4 106.6 39.6 49.9 29.8 35–39 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145.8 185.4 105.7 135.9 173.3 97.0 243.9 313.8 181.5 219.4 272.7 163.9 54.8 70.9 39.5 40–44 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221.6 276.8 166.7 207.9 261.2 153.6 353.7 442.9 275.2 309.3 392.2 226.7 90.6 109.6 72.6 45–49 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340.0 423.8 258.1 318.7 400.4 237.1 549.5 678.8 437.0 407.5 501.0 318.4 144.0 179.1 111.9 50–54 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 509.0 646.6 376.8 474.9 604.8 347.5 861.0 1,108.1 651.5 512.8 657.2 378.4 220.9 286.6 163.1 55–59 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 726.3 922.2 541.8 682.5 863.5 508.0 1,215.4 1,612.7 889.3 739.0 906.8 583.5 347.0 443.4 264.3 60–64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,068.3 1,328.4 829.7 1,023.5 1,266.7 795.8 1,702.1 2,252.6 1,270.7 1,024.2 1,219.3 845.7 520.1 634.8 421.0 65–69 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,627.5 2,002.2 1,299.4 1,581.1 1,937.5 1,262.8 2,383.5 3,111.4 1,848.0 1,534.8 1,712.7 1,375.6 826.6 1,035.6 646.1 70–74 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,491.3 3,046.9 2,037.2 2,454.7 2,989.5 2,008.7 3,309.7 4,256.1 2,656.7 2,298.0 2,736.3 1,931.0 1,333.8 1,674.5 1,066.0 75–79 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,945.9 4,817.2 3,304.0 3,933.2 4,786.6 3,291.8 4,838.5 6,197.6 4,019.1 3,324.7 3,748.8 2,990.9 2,207.2 2,762.5 1,821.1 80–84 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,381.4 7,758.7 5,511.7 6,423.0 7,810.7 5,535.5 6,966.3 8,650.3 6,079.9 4,414.2 4,913.6 4,069.7 3,933.7 4,713.6 3,413.8 85 years and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,946.5 14,006.4 12,442.3 13,176.5 14,286.4 12,646.7 12,281.5 12,964.7 11,997.4 6,708.1 7,638.6 6,248.2 7,929.2 8,918.0 7,334.0

22 N

ational Vital Statistics R eports, Vol. 58, N

o. 19, M ay 20, 2010

* Figure does not meet standards of reliability or precision; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ 1Race categories are consistent with the 1977 Office of Management and Budget (OMB) standards. In 2007, multiple-race data were reported by 27 states and the District of Columbia; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ The multiple-race data for these reporting areas were bridged to the single-race categories of the 1977 OMB standards for comparability with other reporting areas; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ 2Includes Aleuts and Eskimos. 3Includes Chinese, Filipino, Hawaiian, Japanese, and Other Asian or Pacific Islander. 4Figures for age not stated are included in ‘‘all ages’’ but not distributed among age groups. 5Death rates for ‘‘under 1 year’’ (based on population estimates) differ from infant mortality rates (based on live births); see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’

23 N

ational Vital Statistics R eports, Vol. 58, N

o. 19, M ay 20, 2010

Table 4. Number of deaths and death rates, by Hispanic origin, race for non-Hispanic population, age, and sex: United States, 2007 [Rates per 100,000 population in specified group; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ Populations used for computing death rates are postcensal estimates based on the 2000 census, estimated as of July 1, 2007; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ Race and Hispanic origin are reported separately on the death certificate. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. Data for Hispanic persons are not tabulated separately by race; data for non-Hispanic persons are tabulated by race. Data for Hispanic origin should be interpreted with caution because of inconsistencies between reporting Hispanic origin on death certificates and on censuses and surveys; see ‘‘Technical Notes’’]

All origins1 Hispanic Non-Hispanic2 Non-Hispanic white3 Non-Hispanic black3

Both Both Both Both Both Age sexes Male Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Female

Number All ages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,423,712 1,203,968 1,219,744 135,519 75,708 59,811 2,284,446 1,125,974 1,158,472 1,939,606 948,662 990,944 286,366 146,474 139,892 Under 1 year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,138 16,293 12,845 6,068 3,343 2,725 22,883 12,839 10,044 12,998 7,340 5,658 8,629 4,794 3,835 1–4 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,703 2,634 2,069 1,009 556 453 3,680 2,074 1,606 2,325 1,316 1,009 1,102 609 493 5–9 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,711 1,519 1,192 566 314 252 2,144 1,205 939 1,461 810 651 563 325 238 10–14 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,436 2,066 1,370 591 349 242 2,836 1,709 1,127 1,901 1,135 766 772 476 296 15–19 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,299 9,558 3,741 2,169 1,674 495 11,108 7,866 3,242 7,668 5,239 2,429 2,893 2,247 646 20–24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,683 15,758 4,925 3,517 2,832 685 17,125 12,893 4,232 11,939 8,890 3,049 4,344 3,388 956 25–29 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,931 15,107 5,824 3,315 2,575 740 17,570 12,498 5,072 12,138 8,646 3,492 4,672 3,341 1,331 30–34 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,641 14,685 6,956 3,231 2,381 850 18,350 12,259 6,091 12,619 8,492 4,127 4,849 3,197 1,652 35–39 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,881 19,755 11,126 3,768 2,624 1,144 27,037 17,083 9,954 19,087 12,228 6,859 6,751 4,092 2,659 40–44 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48,725 30,350 18,375 4,927 3,413 1,514 43,670 26,852 16,818 31,879 19,911 11,968 10,046 5,889 4,157 45–49 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77,738 47,904 29,834 6,552 4,441 2,111 70,999 43,330 27,669 53,142 33,039 20,103 15,453 8,858 6,595 50–54 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106,948 66,552 40,396 7,848 5,193 2,655 98,809 61,146 37,663 74,756 46,892 27,864 21,012 12,402 8,610 55–59 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132,458 81,590 50,868 8,464 5,313 3,151 123,637 76,027 47,610 95,806 59,418 36,388 23,951 14,320 9,631 60–64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154,652 92,028 62,624 8,960 5,451 3,509 145,379 86,358 59,021 118,070 70,559 47,511 23,248 13,503 9,745 65–69 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174,991 100,492 74,499 9,806 5,764 4,042 164,893 94,533 70,360 135,914 78,445 57,469 24,324 13,452 10,872 70–74 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214,247 117,852 96,395 11,321 6,214 5,107 202,584 111,415 91,169 170,428 94,422 76,006 26,566 13,925 12,641 75–79 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289,029 149,669 139,360 14,185 7,280 6,905 274,482 142,166 132,316 239,043 124,921 114,122 28,763 13,839 14,924 80–84 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363,653 171,134 192,519 15,305 7,158 8,147 348,003 163,804 184,199 310,709 147,477 163,232 29,635 12,684 16,951 85 years and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . 713,647 248,866 464,781 23,890 8,809 15,081 689,138 239,831 449,307 627,642 219,419 408,223 48,762 15,115 33,647 Not stated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201 156 45 27 24 3 119 86 33 81 63 18 31 18 13

Rate All ages4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 803.6 809.9 797.4 297.8 321.8 272.1 892.0 899.8 884.5 964.1 960.4 967.6 750.7 805.1 701.0 Under 1 year5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 684.5 747.8 618.1 587.4 632.7 539.9 709.8 777.9 638.3 559.7 616.8 499.6 1,309.1 1,426.3 1,187.1 1–4 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.6 31.3 25.7 26.0 28.0 23.8 29.2 32.2 26.1 25.5 28.1 22.7 43.7 47.5 39.8 5–9 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.7 15.0 12.3 13.4 14.6 12.2 13.7 15.1 12.3 12.7 13.7 11.6 18.6 21.1 15.9 10–14 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.9 19.9 13.8 14.9 17.2 12.5 17.4 20.4 14.1 15.7 18.3 13.0 24.6 29.8 19.1 15–19 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.9 86.8 35.7 57.9 86.8 27.2 62.7 86.7 37.5 58.0 77.2 37.8 85.7 131.4 38.8 20–24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98.3 145.2 48.4 95.3 143.0 40.1 98.7 145.3 50.0 91.1 132.2 47.8 142.2 219.1 63.4 25–29 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99.4 140.2 56.6 79.4 110.7 40.0 104.1 147.9 60.2 96.0 135.7 55.6 161.9 236.6 90.3 30–34 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110.8 148.2 72.3 80.9 109.4 46.8 118.1 158.6 78.0 109.4 146.3 72.0 192.6 267.0 125.1 35–39 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145.8 185.4 105.7 103.4 134.8 67.5 154.2 196.2 112.8 142.6 181.9 103.0 254.0 326.5 189.3 40–44 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221.6 276.8 166.7 154.0 202.8 99.8 232.5 289.3 177.0 216.8 271.1 162.7 366.0 458.5 284.7 45–49 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340.0 423.8 258.1 245.0 323.0 162.4 351.7 436.4 269.7 327.7 409.6 246.7 565.0 696.8 450.5 50–54 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 509.0 646.6 376.8 378.2 500.0 256.1 521.7 660.8 388.9 483.6 613.1 356.7 883.6 1,137.9 668.4 55–59 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 726.3 922.2 541.8 539.5 694.7 391.9 741.8 940.6 554.6 693.4 875.5 517.6 1,243.2 1,651.2 909.1 60–64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,068.3 1,328.4 829.7 798.2 1,028.9 592.1 1,088.7 1,349.8 848.6 1,039.6 1,281.9 811.8 1,738.9 2,301.6 1,298.9 65–69 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,627.5 2,002.2 1,299.4 1,211.9 1,556.5 921.1 1,658.3 2,033.5 1,328.9 1,608.0 1,962.5 1,289.9 2,433.4 3,178.7 1,886.2 70–74 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,491.3 3,046.9 2,037.2 1,822.6 2,278.5 1,465.7 2,539.1 3,099.0 2,079.9 2,499.8 3,037.2 2,049.4 3,373.8 4,336.7 2,710.8 75–79 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,945.9 4,817.2 3,304.0 2,959.5 3,609.0 2,487.6 4,009.6 4,893.4 3,358.0 3,995.4 4,859.8 3,344.3 4,924.3 6,308.6 4,091.7 80–84 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,381.4 7,758.7 5,511.7 4,746.9 5,546.1 4,213.5 6,473.0 7,887.9 5,582.5 6,515.4 7,942.6 5,605.4 7,076.4 8,795.9 6,173.3 85 years and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,946.5 14,006.4 12,442.3 8,542.2 8,953.7 8,318.9 13,170.0 14,289.1 12,641.5 13,413.3 14,588.3 12,856.7 12,468.1 13,189.0 12,169.3

1Figures for origin not stated are included in ‘‘all origins’’ but not distributed among specified origins. 2Includes races other than white and black. 3Race categories are consistent with the 1977 Office of Management and Budget (OMB) standards. In 2007, multiple-race data were reported by 27 states and the District of Columbia; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ The multiple-race data for these reporting areas were bridged to the single-race categories of the 1977 OMB standards for comparability with other reporting areas; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ 4Figures for age not stated are included in ‘‘all ages’’ but not distributed among age groups. 5Death rates for ‘‘under 1 year’’ (based on population estimates) differ from infant mortality rates (based on live births); see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’

Table 5. Number of deaths and death rates by age, and age-adjusted death rates, by specified Hispanic origin, race for non-Hispanic population, and sex: United States, 2007 [Rates are per 100,000 population in specified group; age-adjusted rates are per 100,000 U.S. standard population; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ Populations used for computing death rates for ‘‘all origins,’’ Hispanic, non-Hispanic, non-Hispanic white, and non-Hispanic black are postcensal estimates based on the 2000 census, estimated as of July 1, 2007; populations used for computing death rates for Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, Central and South American, and other and unknown Hispanic are based on the Current Population Survey adjusted to resident population control totals. The control totals are 2000-based population estimates for the United States for July 1, 2007; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ Race and Hispanic origin are reported separately on the death certificate. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. Data for Hispanic persons are not tabulated separately by race; data for non-Hispanic persons are tabulated by race. Data for Hispanic origin should be interpreted with caution because of inconsistencies between reporting Hispanic origin on death certificates and on censuses and surveys; see ‘‘Technical Notes’’]

Age- Hispanic origin, race for All Under 1 1–4 5–14 15–24 25–34 35–44 45–54 55–64 65–74 75–84 85 years Age not adjusted

non-Hispanic population, and sex ages year1 years years years years years years years years years and over stated rate2

Number

All origins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,423,712 29,138 4,703 6,147 33,982 42,572 79,606 184,686 287,110 389,238 652,682 713,647 201 . . . Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,203,968 16,293 2,634 3,585 25,316 29,792 50,105 114,456 173,618 218,344 320,803 248,866 156 . . . Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,219,744 12,845 2,069 2,562 8,666 12,780 29,501 70,230 113,492 170,894 331,879 464,781 45 . . .

Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135,519 6,068 1,009 1,157 5,686 6,546 8,695 14,400 17,424 21,127 29,490 23,890 27 . . . Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75,708 3,343 556 663 4,506 4,956 6,037 9,634 10,764 11,978 14,438 8,809 24 . . . Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59,811 2,725 453 494 1,180 1,590 2,658 4,766 6,660 9,149 15,052 15,081 3 . . .

Mexican . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77,274 4,236 732 820 3,917 4,368 5,289 8,576 10,086 11,592 16,033 11,611 14 . . . Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44,389 2,337 399 466 3,119 3,342 3,694 5,750 6,209 6,571 7,934 4,554 14 . . . Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,885 1,899 333 354 798 1,026 1,595 2,826 3,877 5,021 8,099 7,057 – . . .

Puerto Rican . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,959 547 84 87 444 626 1,177 1,977 2,591 3,125 3,513 2,786 2 . . . Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,342 311 48 48 331 458 798 1,327 1,634 1,744 1,695 946 2 . . . Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,617 236 36 39 113 168 379 650 957 1,381 1,818 1,840 – . . .

Cuban . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,942 78 10 18 101 115 279 723 1,094 2,067 4,107 4,347 3 . . . Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,644 48 6 12 72 87 202 524 727 1,278 2,116 1,570 2 . . . Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,298 30 4 6 29 28 77 199 367 789 1,991 2,777 1 . . .

Central and South American . . . . . 14,341 551 93 135 751 924 1,113 1,609 1,880 2,241 2,755 2,285 4 . . . Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,634 299 57 90 620 700 774 1,029 1,066 1,164 1,148 685 2 . . . Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,707 252 36 45 131 224 339 580 814 1,077 1,607 1,600 2 . . .

Other and unknown Hispanic . . . . . 14,003 656 90 97 473 513 837 1,515 1,773 2,102 3,082 2,861 4 . . . Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,699 348 46 47 364 369 569 1,004 1,128 1,221 1,545 1,054 4 . . . Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,304 308 44 50 109 144 268 511 645 881 1,537 1,807 – . . .

Non-Hispanic3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,284,446 22,883 3,680 4,980 28,233 35,920 70,707 169,808 269,016 367,477 622,485 689,138 119 . . . Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,125,974 12,839 2,074 2,914 20,759 24,757 43,935 104,476 162,385 205,948 305,970 239,831 86 . . . Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,158,472 10,044 1,606 2,066 7,474 11,163 26,772 65,332 106,631 161,529 316,515 449,307 33 . . .

White4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,939,606 12,998 2,325 3,362 19,607 24,757 50,966 127,898 213,876 306,342 549,752 627,642 81 . . . Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 948,662 7,340 1,316 1,945 14,129 17,138 32,139 79,931 129,977 172,867 272,398 219,419 63 . . . Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 990,944 5,658 1,009 1,417 5,478 7,619 18,827 47,967 83,899 133,475 277,354 408,223 18 . . .

Black4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286,366 8,629 1,102 1,335 7,237 9,521 16,797 36,465 47,199 50,890 58,398 48,762 31 . . . Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146,474 4,794 609 801 5,635 6,538 9,981 21,260 27,823 27,377 26,523 15,115 18 . . . Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139,892 3,835 493 534 1,602 2,983 6,816 15,205 19,376 23,513 31,875 33,647 13 . . .

Origin not stated5 . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,747 187 14 10 63 106 204 478 670 634 707 619 55 . . . Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,286 111 4 8 51 79 133 346 469 418 395 226 46 . . . Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,461 76 10 2 12 27 71 132 201 216 312 393 9 . . .

See footnotes at end of table.

24 N

ational Vital Statistics R eports, Vol. 58, N

o. 19, M ay 20, 2010

25 N

ational Vital Statistics R eports, Vol. 58, N

o. 19, M ay 20, 2010

Table 5. Number of deaths and death rates by age, and age-adjusted death rates, by specified Hispanic origin, race for non-Hispanic population, and sex: United States, 2007—Con. [Rates are per 100,000 population in specified group; age-adjusted rates are per 100,000 U.S. standard population; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ Populations used for computing death rates for ‘‘all origins,’’ Hispanic, non-Hispanic, non-Hispanic white, and non-Hispanic black are postcensal estimates based on the 2000 census, estimated as of July 1, 2007; populations used for computing death rates for Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, Central and South American, and other and unknown Hispanic are based on the Current Population Survey adjusted to resident population control totals. The control totals are 2000-based population estimates for the United States for July 1, 2007; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ Race and Hispanic origin are reported separately on the death certificate. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. Data for Hispanic persons are not tabulated separately by race; data for non-Hispanic persons are tabulated by race. Data for Hispanic origin should be interpreted with caution because of inconsistencies between reporting Hispanic origin on death certificates and on censuses and surveys; see ‘‘Technical Notes’’]

Age- Hispanic origin, race for All Under 1 1–4 5–14 15–24 25–34 35–44 45–54 55–64 65–74 75–84 85 years Age not adjusted

non-Hispanic population, and sex ages year1 years years years years years years years years years and over stated rate2

Rate6

All origins7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 803.6 684.5 28.6 15.3 79.9 104.9 184.4 420.9 877.7 2,011.3 5,011.6 12,946.5 . . . 760.2 Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 809.9 747.8 31.3 17.4 115.8 144.0 231.8 530.0 1,100.6 2,456.9 6,038.4 14,006.4 . . . 905.6 Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 797.4 618.1 25.7 13.1 42.0 64.2 136.9 315.2 670.1 1,633.0 4,304.1 12,442.3 . . . 643.4

Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297.8 587.4 26.0 14.1 76.5 80.1 127.1 303.2 647.4 1,477.1 3,678.4 8,542.2 . . . 546.1 Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321.8 632.7 28.0 15.8 115.3 110.1 166.3 399.2 831.4 1,862.7 4,364.8 8,953.7 . . . 654.5 Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272.1 539.9 23.8 12.3 33.5 43.4 82.7 204.0 476.9 1,162.1 3,196.2 8,318.9 . . . 452.7

Mexican . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260.3 550.5 26.2 14.4 80.0 79.2 122.9 298.5 669.0 1,473.4 3,886.4 9,386.9 . . . 568.7 Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284.6 576.7 28.0 16.2 120.5 108.3 157.9 383.2 809.1 1,742.9 4,385.7 * . . . 659.6 Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233.4 521.4 24.3 12.5 34.6 42.3 81.3 206.0 523.7 1,225.5 3,496.4 8,976.7 . . . 484.5

Puerto Rican . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 430.2 800.2 28.6 11.9 70.1 99.4 215.2 434.6 873.8 1,919.7 3,983.3 * . . . 636.6 Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 494.4 * 31.1 12.9 104.0 150.7 309.8 618.7 1,356.6 2,488.0 * * . . . 812.2 Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371.1 * 25.9 10.8 35.8 51.6 131.0 270.3 543.5 1,489.9 3,519.0 * . . . 503.7

Cuban . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 779.5 * * * 49.6 55.3 92.9 340.0 654.7 1,598.1 4,355.7 * . . . 596.7 Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 781.6 * * * 70.7 80.6 125.9 461.7 851.2 2,166.6 * * . . . 704.3 Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 777.3 * * * * * 55.1 200.7 449.2 1,121.5 3,494.8 * . . . 507.1

Central and South American . . . . . 178.1 429.3 17.1 11.3 55.1 60.3 79.8 172.1 354.2 890.9 2,206.1 * . . . 325.5 Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185.4 512.3 20.5 14.0 85.6 81.1 108.1 225.4 463.2 1,249.0 * * . . . 408.9 Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170.5 360.1 13.5 8.1 20.5 33.5 50.0 121.2 270.8 680.2 2,000.8 * . . . 268.8

Other and unknown Hispanic . . . . . 645.8 * 55.4 26.6 140.2 179.6 280.0 551.1 936.7 2,103.8 3,767.2 * . . . 721.8 Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 718.2 * * 24.3 206.3 260.0 364.4 780.4 1,236.5 * * * . . . 929.5 Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 575.0 * * 29.1 67.8 100.2 187.7 349.3 657.7 1,568.9 3,052.3 * . . . 556.1

Non-Hispanic3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 892.0 709.8 29.2 15.6 80.5 110.8 194.7 434.0 896.1 2,050.4 5,093.2 13,170.0 . . . 776.3 Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 899.8 777.9 32.2 17.8 115.6 153.0 244.2 544.7 1,121.4 2,498.2 6,141.6 14,289.1 . . . 924.9 Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 884.5 638.3 26.1 13.2 43.7 68.7 146.1 327.6 686.2 1,669.0 4,371.8 12,641.5 . . . 657.7

White4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 964.1 559.7 25.5 14.2 74.5 102.4 181.5 403.8 849.6 2,006.2 5,113.1 13,413.3 . . . 763.3 Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 960.4 616.8 28.1 16.1 104.6 140.8 228.4 508.7 1,057.5 2,432.7 6,152.7 14,588.3 . . . 906.8 Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 967.6 499.6 22.7 12.3 42.7 63.4 134.4 300.5 651.3 1,634.9 4,385.4 12,856.7 . . . 647.7

Black4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 750.7 1,309.1 43.7 21.6 112.6 176.2 310.9 713.2 1,446.2 2,847.8 5,822.9 12,468.1 . . . 978.6 Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 805.1 1,426.3 47.5 25.5 173.1 250.6 393.4 900.4 1,913.7 3,678.3 7,295.1 13,189.0 . . . 1,210.9 Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 701.0 1,187.1 39.8 17.6 50.5 106.7 237.9 552.5 1,070.7 2,255.0 4,985.7 12,169.3 . . . 810.4

. . . Category not applicable. – Quantity zero. * Figure does not meet standards of reliability or precision; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ 1Death rates for ‘‘under 1 year’’ (based on population estimates) differ from infant mortality rates (based on live births); see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ 2For method of computation, see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ 3Includes races other than white and black. 4Race categories are consistent with the 1977 Office of Management and Budget (OMB) standards. In 2007, multiple-race data were reported by 27 states and the District of Columbia; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ The multiple-race data for these reporting areas were bridged to the single-race categories of the 1977 OMB standards for comparability with other reporting areas; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ 5Includes deaths for which Hispanic origin was not reported on the death certificate. 6Figures for age not stated are included in ‘‘all ages’’ but not distributed among age groups. 7Figures for origin not stated are included in ‘‘all origins’’ but not distributed among specified origins.

26 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 19, May 20, 2010

Table 6. Abridged life table for the total population, 2007 [For explanation of the columns of the life table, see ‘‘United States Life Tables, 2005,’’ National Vital Statistics Reports, Volume 58, Number 10]

Total Probability Number Person-years number of of dying Number dying lived person-years Expectancy between surviving to between between lived above of life

ages x to x + n age x ages x to x + n ages x to x + n age x at age x

Age nqx lx ndx nLx Tx ex

0–1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.006760 100,000 676 99,406 7,793,477 77.9 1–5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.001140 99,324 113 397,024 7,694,071 77.5 5–10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.000683 99,211 68 495,870 7,297,047 73.6 10–15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.000839 99,143 83 495,563 6,801,177 68.6 15–20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.003089 99,060 306 494,626 6,305,614 63.7 20–25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.004907 98,754 485 492,592 5,810,988 58.8 25–30 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.004958 98,269 487 490,128 5,318,396 54.1 30–35 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.005524 97,782 540 487,601 4,828,268 49.4 35–40 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.007251 97,242 705 484,547 4,340,667 44.6 40–45 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.011003 96,537 1,062 480,216 3,856,120 39.9 45–50 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.016870 95,475 1,611 473,601 3,375,904 35.4 50–55 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.025217 93,864 2,367 463,734 2,902,303 30.9 55–60 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.035858 91,497 3,281 449,713 2,438,569 26.7 60–65 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.052469 88,216 4,629 430,150 1,988,856 22.5 65–70 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.077793 83,588 6,503 402,523 1,558,706 18.6 70–75 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.119029 77,085 9,175 363,859 1,156,183 15.0 75–80 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.191290 67,910 12,990 308,633 792,325 11.7 80–85 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.297734 54,919 16,351 234,721 483,691 8.8 85–90 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.441765 38,568 17,038 149,666 248,971 6.5 90–95 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.612438 21,530 13,186 72,269 99,305 4.6 95–100 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.778825 8,344 6,499 22,849 27,036 3.2 100 and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.000000 1,846 1,846 4,187 4,187 2.3

Table 7. Life expectancy at selected ages, by race and sex: United States, 2007 [Race categories are consistent with the 1977 Office of Management and Budget (OMB) standards. Multiple-race data were reported by 27 states and the District of Columbia in 2007; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ The multiple-race data for these reporting areas were bridged to the single-race categories of the 1977 OMB standards for comparability with other reporting areas; see ‘‘Technical Notes’’]

All races1 White Black

Both Both Both Exact age in years sexes Male Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Female

0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.9 75.4 80.4 78.4 75.9 80.8 73.6 70.0 76.8 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.5 74.9 79.9 77.8 75.4 80.2 73.6 70.1 76.8 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73.6 71.0 76.0 73.9 71.4 76.3 69.7 66.2 72.9 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.6 66.1 71.0 68.9 66.5 71.3 64.7 61.3 67.9 15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.7 61.1 66.1 64.0 61.6 66.3 59.8 56.3 63.0 20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.8 56.4 61.2 59.2 56.8 61.5 55.1 51.7 58.1 25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.1 51.8 56.3 54.4 52.2 56.6 50.4 47.2 53.3 30 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.4 47.1 51.5 49.7 47.5 51.7 45.8 42.7 48.5 35 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.6 42.5 46.7 44.9 42.8 46.9 41.2 38.2 43.8 40 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.9 37.8 41.9 40.2 38.1 42.1 36.7 33.8 39.1 45 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.4 33.3 37.2 35.6 33.6 37.4 32.3 29.5 34.7 50 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.9 29.0 32.7 31.1 29.2 32.8 28.1 25.4 30.4 55 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.7 24.9 28.2 26.8 25.1 28.4 24.2 21.7 26.3 60 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.5 20.9 23.9 22.6 21.0 24.0 20.6 18.3 22.4 65 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.6 17.2 19.9 18.7 17.3 19.9 17.2 15.2 18.7 70 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.0 13.7 16.0 15.0 13.8 16.0 14.1 12.4 15.2 75 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.7 10.6 12.5 11.7 10.6 12.4 11.2 9.9 12.1 80 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.8 7.9 9.4 8.8 7.9 9.3 8.7 7.7 9.4 85 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.5 5.8 6.8 6.4 5.7 6.8 6.7 6.0 7.1 90 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 4.1 4.8 4.6 4.1 4.8 5.1 4.6 5.3 95 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 2.9 3.3 3.2 2.9 3.3 3.8 3.5 3.9 100 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 2.1 2.3 2.2 2.0 2.2 2.8 2.6 2.8

1Includes races other than white and black.

27 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 19, May 20, 2010

Table 8. Life expectancy at birth, by race and sex: United States, 1940, 1950, 1960, 1970, and 1975–2007 [Race categories are consistent with 1977 Office of Management and Budget (OMB) standards]

All races1 White Black

Both Both Both Year sexes Male Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Female

20072,3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.9 75.4 80.4 78.4 75.9 80.8 73.6 70.0 76.8 20062,3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.7 75.1 80.2 78.2 75.7 80.6 73.2 69.7 76.5 20052,3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.4 74.9 79.9 77.9 75.4 80.4 72.8 69.3 76.1 20042,3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.5 74.9 79.9 77.9 75.4 80.4 72.8 69.3 76.0 20032,3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.1 74.5 79.6 77.6 75.0 80.0 72.3 68.8 75.6 20022 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76.9 74.3 79.5 77.4 74.9 79.9 72.1 68.6 75.4 20012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76.9 74.2 79.4 77.4 74.8 79.9 72.0 68.4 75.2 20002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76.8 74.1 79.3 77.3 74.7 79.9 71.8 68.2 75.1 1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76.7 73.9 79.4 77.3 74.6 79.9 71.4 67.8 74.7 1998 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76.7 73.8 79.5 77.3 74.5 80.0 71.3 67.6 74.8 1997 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76.5 73.6 79.4 77.1 74.3 79.9 71.1 67.2 74.7 1996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76.1 73.1 79.1 76.8 73.9 79.7 70.2 66.1 74.2 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75.8 72.5 78.9 76.5 73.4 79.6 69.6 65.2 73.9 1994 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75.7 72.4 79.0 76.5 73.3 79.6 69.5 64.9 73.9 1993 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75.5 72.2 78.8 76.3 73.1 79.5 69.2 64.6 73.7 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75.8 72.3 79.1 76.5 73.2 79.8 69.6 65.0 73.9 1991 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75.5 72.0 78.9 76.3 72.9 79.6 69.3 64.6 73.8 1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75.4 71.8 78.8 76.1 72.7 79.4 69.1 64.5 73.6 1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75.1 71.7 78.5 75.9 72.5 79.2 68.8 64.3 73.3 1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74.9 71.4 78.3 75.6 72.2 78.9 68.9 64.4 73.2 1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74.9 71.4 78.3 75.6 72.1 78.9 69.1 64.7 73.4 1986 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74.7 71.2 78.2 75.4 71.9 78.8 69.1 64.8 73.4 1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74.7 71.1 78.2 75.3 71.8 78.7 69.3 65.0 73.4 1984 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74.7 71.1 78.2 75.3 71.8 78.7 69.5 65.3 73.6 1983 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74.6 71.0 78.1 75.2 71.6 78.7 69.4 65.2 73.5 1982 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74.5 70.8 78.1 75.1 71.5 78.7 69.4 65.1 73.6 1981 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74.1 70.4 77.8 74.8 71.1 78.4 68.9 64.5 73.2 1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73.7 70.0 77.4 74.4 70.7 78.1 68.1 63.8 72.5 1979 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73.9 70.0 77.8 74.6 70.8 78.4 68.5 64.0 72.9 1978 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73.5 69.6 77.3 74.1 70.4 78.0 68.1 63.7 72.4 1977 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73.3 69.5 77.2 74.0 70.2 77.9 67.7 63.4 72.0 1976 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72.9 69.1 76.8 73.6 69.9 77.5 67.2 62.9 71.6 1975 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72.6 68.8 76.6 73.4 69.5 77.3 66.8 62.4 71.3 1970 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70.8 67.1 74.7 71.7 68.0 75.6 64.1 60.0 68.3 1960 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.7 66.6 73.1 70.6 67.4 74.1 - - - - - - - - 1950 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.2 65.6 71.1 69.1 66.5 72.2 - - - - - - - - 1940 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.9 60.8 65.2 64.2 62.1 66.6 - - - - - - - -

- - - Data not available. 1Includes races other than white and black. 2Life expectancies for 2000–2007 were calculated using a revised methodology and may differ from those previously published; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ 3Multiple-race data were reported by 27 states and the District of Columbia in 2007, by 25 states and the District of Columbia in 2006, by 21 states and the District of Columbia in 2005, by 15 states in 2004, and by 7 states in 2003; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ The multiple-race data for these reporting areas were bridged to the single-race categories of the 1977 OMB standards for comparability with other reporting areas; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’

Table 9. Death rates by age and age-adjusted death rates for the 15 leading causes of death in 2007: United States, 1999–2007 [Rates on an annual basis per 100,000 population in specified group; age-adjusted rates are per 100,000 U.S. standard population; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ Rates are based on populations enumerated as of April 1 for 2000 and estimated as of July 1 for all other years; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ The asterisks (*) preceding the cause-of-death codes indicate that they are not part of the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD–10), Second Edition; see ‘‘Technical Notes’’]

Age Age-

Cause of death All Under 1–4 5–14 15–24 25–34 35–44 45–54 55–64 65–74 75–84 85 years adjusted (based on ICD–10, 2004) and year ages1 1 year2 years years years years years years years years years and over rate3

All causes 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 803.6 684.5 28.6 15.3 79.9 104.9 184.4 420.9 877.7 2,011.3 5,011.6 12,946.5 760.2 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 810.4 690.7 28.4 15.2 82.2 106.3 190.2 427.5 890.9 2,062.1 5,115.0 13,253.1 776.5 2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 825.9 692.5 29.4 16.3 81.4 104.4 193.3 432.0 906.9 2,137.1 5,260.0 13,798.6 798.8 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 816.5 685.2 29.9 16.8 80.1 102.1 193.5 427.0 910.3 2,164.6 5,275.1 13,823.5 800.8 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 841.9 700.0 31.5 17.0 81.5 103.6 201.6 433.2 940.9 2,255.0 5,463.1 14,593.3 832.7 2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 847.3 695.0 31.2 17.4 81.4 103.6 202.9 430.1 952.4 2,314.7 5,556.9 14,828.3 845.3 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 848.5 683.4 33.3 17.3 80.7 105.2 203.6 428.9 964.6 2,353.3 5,582.4 15,112.8 854.5 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 854.0 736.7 32.4 18.0 79.9 101.4 198.9 425.6 992.2 2,399.1 5,666.5 15,524.4 869.0 1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 857.0 736.0 34.2 18.6 79.3 102.2 198.0 418.2 1,005.0 2,457.3 5,714.5 15,554.6 875.6

Diseases of heart (I00–I09,I11,I13,I20–I51) 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204.3 10.0 1.1 0.6 2.6 7.9 27.4 85.3 200.3 462.9 1,315.0 4,267.7 190.9 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211.0 8.4 1.0 0.6 2.5 8.2 28.3 88.0 207.3 490.3 1,383.1 4,480.8 200.2 2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220.0 8.7 0.9 0.6 2.7 8.1 28.9 89.7 214.8 518.9 1,460.8 4,778.4 211.1 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222.2 10.3 1.2 0.6 2.5 7.9 29.3 90.2 218.8 541.6 1,506.3 4,895.9 217.0 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235.6 11.0 1.2 0.6 2.7 8.2 30.7 92.5 233.2 585.0 1,611.1 5,278.4 232.3 2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241.7 12.4 1.1 0.6 2.5 7.9 30.5 93.7 241.5 615.9 1,677.2 5,466.8 240.8 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245.8 11.9 1.5 0.7 2.5 8.0 29.6 92.9 246.9 635.1 1,725.7 5,664.2 247.8 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252.6 13.0 1.2 0.7 2.6 7.4 29.2 94.2 261.2 665.6 1,780.3 5,926.1 257.6 1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259.9 13.8 1.2 0.7 2.8 7.6 30.2 95.7 269.9 701.7 1,849.9 6,063.0 266.5

Malignant neoplasms (C00–C97) 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186.6 1.7 2.2 2.4 3.9 8.5 30.8 114.3 315.4 715.5 1,256.3 1,590.2 178.4 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187.0 1.8 2.3 2.2 3.9 9.0 31.9 116.3 321.2 727.2 1,263.8 1,606.1 180.7 2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188.7 1.8 2.3 2.5 4.1 9.0 33.2 118.6 326.9 742.7 1,274.8 1,637.7 183.8 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188.6 1.8 2.5 2.5 4.1 9.1 33.4 119.0 333.4 755.1 1,280.4 1,653.3 185.8 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191.5 1.9 2.5 2.6 4.0 9.4 35.0 122.2 343.0 770.3 1,302.5 1,698.2 190.1 2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193.2 1.8 2.6 2.6 4.3 9.7 35.8 123.8 351.1 792.1 1,311.9 1,723.9 193.5 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194.4 1.6 2.7 2.5 4.3 10.1 36.8 126.5 356.5 802.8 1,315.8 1,765.6 196.0 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196.5 2.4 2.7 2.5 4.4 9.8 36.6 127.5 366.7 816.3 1,335.6 1,819.4 199.6 1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197.0 1.8 2.7 2.5 4.5 10.0 37.1 127.6 374.6 827.1 1,331.5 1,805.8 200.8

Cerebrovascular diseases (I60–I69) 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.1 3.1 0.3 0.2 0.5 1.2 4.9 14.6 32.1 93.0 322.3 1,015.5 42.2 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.8 3.4 0.3 0.2 0.5 1.3 5.1 14.7 33.3 96.3 335.1 1,039.6 43.6 2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.4 3.1 0.4 0.2 0.5 1.4 5.2 15.0 33.0 101.1 359.0 1,141.8 46.6 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.1 3.1 0.3 0.2 0.5 1.4 5.4 14.9 34.3 107.8 386.2 1,245.9 50.0 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.2 2.5 0.3 0.2 0.5 1.5 5.5 15.0 35.6 112.9 410.7 1,370.1 53.5 2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.4 2.9 0.3 0.2 0.4 1.4 5.4 15.1 37.2 120.3 431.0 1,445.9 56.2 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.4 2.7 0.4 0.2 0.5 1.5 5.5 15.1 38.0 123.4 443.9 1,500.2 57.9 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.6 3.3 0.3 0.2 0.5 1.5 5.8 16.0 41.0 128.6 461.3 1,589.2 60.9 1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.0 2.7 0.3 0.2 0.5 1.4 5.7 15.2 40.6 130.8 469.8 1,614.8 61.6

See footnotes at end of table.

28 N

ational Vital Statistics R eports, Vol. 58, N

o. 19, M ay 20, 2010

29 N

ational Vital Statistics R eports, Vol. 58, N

o. 19, M ay 20, 2010

Table 9. Death rates by age and age-adjusted death rates for the 15 leading causes of death in 2007: United States, 1999–2007—Con. [Rates on an annual basis per 100,000 population in specified group; age-adjusted rates are per 100,000 U.S. standard population; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ Rates are based on populations enumerated as of April 1 for 2000 and estimated as of July 1 for all other years; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ The asterisks (*) preceding the cause-of-death codes indicate that they are not part of the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD–10), Second Edition; see ‘‘Technical Notes’’]

Age Age-

Chronic lower respiratory diseases (J40–J47) 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42.4 1.0 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.6 1.8 9.5 39.1 148.1 368.9 596.1 40.8 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.6 0.7 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.6 1.9 9.1 39.2 149.3 363.4 589.1 40.5 2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.2 0.8 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.6 2.0 9.4 42.0 160.5 385.6 637.2 43.2 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.5 0.9 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.6 2.0 8.4 40.4 153.8 366.7 601.7 41.1 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43.5 0.8 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.7 2.1 8.7 43.3 163.2 383.0 635.1 43.3 2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43.3 1.0 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.8 2.2 8.7 42.4 163.0 386.7 637.6 43.5 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43.2 1.0 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.7 2.2 8.5 44.1 167.9 379.8 644.7 43.7 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43.4 0.9 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.7 2.1 8.6 44.2 169.4 386.1 648.6 44.2 1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.5 0.9 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.8 2.0 8.5 47.5 177.2 397.8 646.0 45.4

Accidents (unintentional injuries) (V01–X59,Y85–Y86) 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.0 30.2 9.6 5.5 37.4 36.9 39.2 46.3 37.3 45.2 105.5 286.7 40.0 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40.6 27.8 9.9 5.6 38.2 37.0 40.2 45.5 36.2 44.5 105.1 274.9 39.8 2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.7 26.4 10.3 6.0 37.4 34.9 38.6 43.2 35.8 46.3 106.1 279.5 39.1 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38.1 25.8 10.3 6.5 37.0 32.6 37.3 40.7 33.2 44.0 103.7 276.7 37.7 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37.6 23.6 10.9 6.4 37.1 31.5 37.8 38.8 32.9 44.1 101.9 278.9 37.3 2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37.0 23.5 10.5 6.6 38.0 31.5 37.2 36.6 31.4 44.2 101.3 275.4 36.9 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.7 24.2 11.2 6.9 36.1 29.9 35.4 34.1 30.3 42.8 100.9 276.4 35.7 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.8 23.1 11.9 7.3 36.0 29.5 34.1 32.6 30.9 41.9 95.1 273.5 34.9 1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.1 22.3 12.4 7.6 35.3 29.6 33.8 31.8 30.6 44.6 100.5 282.4 35.3

Alzheimer’s disease (G30) 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.7 * * * * * * 0.2 2.2 20.6 176.7 849.1 22.7 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.2 * * * * * * 0.2 2.1 20.2 175.6 848.3 22.6 2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.2 * * * * * * 0.2 2.1 20.5 177.3 861.6 22.9 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.5 * * * * * * 0.2 1.9 19.7 168.7 818.8 21.8 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.8 * * * * * * 0.2 2.0 20.9 164.4 802.4 21.4 2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.4 * * * * * * 0.1 1.9 19.7 158.1 752.3 20.2 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.9 * * * * * * 0.2 2.1 18.7 147.5 710.3 19.1 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.6 * * * * * * 0.2 2.0 18.7 139.6 667.7 18.1 1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.0 * * * * * * 0.2 1.9 17.4 129.5 601.3 16.5

Diabetes mellitus (E10–E14) 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.7 * * 0.1 0.4 1.5 4.6 13.1 34.6 78.1 162.7 276.2 22.5 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.2 * * 0.1 0.4 1.7 4.8 13.2 36.2 81.8 166.8 285.2 23.3 2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.3 * * 0.1 0.5 1.5 4.7 13.4 37.2 86.8 177.2 312.1 24.6 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.9 * * 0.1 0.4 1.5 4.6 13.4 37.1 87.2 176.9 307.0 24.5 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.5 * * 0.1 0.4 1.6 4.6 13.9 38.5 90.8 181.1 317.5 25.3 2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.4 * * 0.1 0.4 1.6 4.8 13.7 37.7 91.4 182.8 320.6 25.4 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.1 * * 0.1 0.4 1.5 4.3 13.6 37.8 91.4 181.4 321.8 25.3 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.6 * * 0.1 0.4 1.6 4.3 13.1 37.8 90.7 179.5 319.7 25.0 1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.5 * * 0.1 0.4 1.4 4.3 12.9 38.3 91.8 178.0 317.2 25.0

See footnotes at end of table.

Age Age-

Influenza and pneumonia (J09–J18)4

2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.5 5.2 0.7 0.3 0.4 0.8 1.8 4.4 9.6 28.7 114.1 463.2 16.2 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.8 6.4 0.8 0.2 0.4 0.8 1.9 4.6 10.0 32.0 127.8 502.5 17.8 2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.3 6.5 0.7 0.3 0.4 0.9 2.1 5.1 11.3 35.5 142.2 593.9 20.3 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.3 6.7 0.7 0.2 0.4 0.8 2.0 4.6 10.8 34.6 139.3 582.6 19.8 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.4 8.0 1.0 0.4 0.5 0.9 2.2 5.2 11.2 37.3 151.1 666.1 22.0 2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.8 6.5 0.7 0.2 0.4 0.9 2.2 4.8 11.2 37.5 156.9 696.6 22.6 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.8 7.4 0.7 0.2 0.5 0.9 2.2 4.6 10.7 36.3 148.5 685.6 22.0 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.2 7.6 0.7 0.2 0.5 0.9 2.4 4.7 11.9 39.1 160.3 744.1 23.7 1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.8 8.4 0.8 0.2 0.5 0.8 2.4 4.6 11.0 37.2 157.0 751.8 23.5

Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome and nephrosis (N00–N07,N17–N19,N25–N27) 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.4 3.4 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.6 1.7 5.1 13.6 40.1 113.0 290.6 14.5 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.1 3.9 * * 0.2 0.7 1.8 5.2 13.8 39.4 111.4 290.5 14.5 2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.8 3.9 * 0.1 0.2 0.7 1.7 4.8 13.6 39.3 110.3 288.3 14.3 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.5 4.3 * 0.1 0.2 0.6 1.8 5.0 13.6 38.6 108.4 286.6 14.2 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.6 4.5 * 0.1 0.2 0.7 1.8 4.9 13.6 40.1 109.5 293.1 14.4 2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.2 4.3 * 0.1 0.2 0.7 1.7 4.7 13.0 39.2 109.1 288.6 14.2 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.9 3.3 * 0.0 0.2 0.6 1.7 4.6 13.0 40.2 104.2 287.7 14.0 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.2 4.3 * 0.1 0.2 0.6 1.6 4.4 12.8 38.0 100.8 277.8 13.5 1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.7 4.4 * 0.1 0.2 0.6 1.6 4.0 12.0 37.1 97.6 268.9 13.0

Septicemia (A40–A41) 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.5 6.6 0.5 0.2 0.4 0.7 2.1 5.5 12.9 32.8 79.9 174.4 11.0 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.4 6.5 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.7 2.0 5.2 12.8 32.1 82.4 177.3 11.0 2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.5 7.4 0.5 0.2 0.4 0.8 1.9 5.2 12.9 32.6 81.4 187.3 11.2 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.4 6.6 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.8 1.9 5.4 12.9 32.4 81.6 186.7 11.2 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.7 6.9 0.5 0.2 0.4 0.8 2.1 5.3 13.1 32.6 85.0 202.5 11.6 2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.7 7.3 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.8 1.9 5.2 12.6 34.7 86.5 203.0 11.7 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.3 7.7 0.7 0.2 0.3 0.7 1.8 5.0 12.3 32.8 82.3 205.9 11.4 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.1 7.2 0.6 0.2 0.3 0.7 1.9 4.9 11.9 31.0 80.4 215.7 11.3 1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.0 7.5 0.6 0.2 0.3 0.7 1.8 4.6 11.4 31.2 79.4 220.7 11.3

Intentional self-harm (suicide) (*U03,X60–X84,Y87.0) 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.5 . . . . . . 0.5 9.7 13.0 15.6 17.7 15.5 12.6 16.3 15.6 11.3 006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.1 . . . . . . 0.5 9.9 12.3 15.1 17.2 14.5 12.6 15.9 15.9 10.9 2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.0 . . . . . . 0.7 10.0 12.4 14.9 16.5 13.9 12.6 16.9 16.9 10.9 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.0 . . . . . . 0.7 10.3 12.7 15.0 16.6 13.8 12.3 16.3 16.4 10.9 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.8 . . . . . . 0.6 9.7 12.7 14.9 15.9 13.8 12.7 16.4 16.9 10.8 2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.0 . . . . . . 0.6 9.9 12.6 15.3 15.7 13.6 13.5 17.7 18.0 10.9 20015 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.8 . . . . . . 0.7 9.9 12.8 14.7 15.2 13.1 13.3 17.4 17.5 10.7 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.4 . . . . . . 0.7 10.2 12.0 14.5 14.4 12.1 12.5 17.6 19.6 10.4 1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.5 . . . . . . 0.6 10.1 12.7 14.3 13.9 12.2 13.4 18.1 19.3 10.5

See footnotes at end of table.

30 N

ational Vital Statistics R eports, Vol. 58, N

o. 19, M ay 20, 2010

31 N

ational Vital Statistics R eports, Vol. 58, N

o. 19, M ay 20, 2010

Age Age-

Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis (K70,K73–K74) 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.7 * * * 0.1 0.9 6.0 18.7 24.5 26.7 28.4 19.8 9.1 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2 * * * 0.1 0.8 5.8 17.8 22.8 26.0 29.0 19.4 8.8 2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.3 * * * 0.1 0.8 6.1 17.7 23.5 27.2 29.0 19.7 9.0 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2 * * * * 0.8 6.3 18.0 22.6 27.7 28.8 19.7 9.0 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.5 * * * * 0.9 6.8 18.3 23.0 29.5 30.0 20.1 9.3 2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.5 * * * 0.1 0.9 7.0 18.0 22.9 29.4 31.4 21.4 9.4 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.5 * * * 0.1 1.0 7.4 18.5 22.7 30.0 30.2 22.2 9.5 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.4 * * * 0.1 1.0 7.5 17.7 23.8 29.8 31.0 23.1 9.5 1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.4 * * * 0.1 1.0 7.3 17.4 23.7 30.6 31.9 23.2 9.6

Essential hypertension and hypertensive renal disease (I10,I12,I15) 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.9 * * * 0.1 0.2 0.9 2.8 6.5 16.2 49.5 191.1 7.4 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.0 * * * 0.0 0.3 0.9 3.0 6.9 16.8 51.0 189.4 7.5 2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.4 * * * 0.1 0.2 0.9 2.7 6.4 17.7 55.6 210.0 8.0 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.9 * * * 0.1 0.3 0.8 2.7 6.3 17.1 52.6 198.5 7.7 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.5 * * * 0.1 0.2 0.8 2.5 6.3 16.9 51.7 188.9 7.4 2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.0 * * * 0.1 0.2 0.8 2.3 5.7 16.0 48.2 180.4 7.0 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.8 * * * 0.1 0.3 0.7 2.4 5.8 15.5 47.7 171.9 6.8 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.4 * * * * 0.2 0.8 2.3 5.9 15.1 45.5 162.9 6.5 1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1 * * * * 0.2 0.7 2.2 5.5 15.2 43.6 152.1 6.2

Parkinson’s disease (G20–G21) 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.7 * * * * * * 0.1 1.2 11.9 71.9 143.5 6.4 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.5 * * * * * * 0.2 1.3 12.2 69.8 144.8 6.3 2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.6 * * * * * * 0.2 1.4 13.0 71.2 143.7 6.4 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1 * * * * * * 0.2 1.2 12.0 67.5 135.8 6.1 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2 * * * * * * 0.2 1.3 12.7 67.8 138.2 6.2 2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.9 * * * * * * 0.1 1.2 12.2 63.9 135.2 5.9 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.8 * * * * * * 0.1 1.2 11.7 64.6 134.2 5.9 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 * * * * * * 0.1 1.1 11.5 61.9 131.9 5.7 1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 * * * * * * 0.1 1.0 11.0 58.2 124.4 5.4

Assault (homicide) (*U01–*U02,X85–Y09,Y87.1) 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1 8.3 2.4 0.9 13.1 11.7 7.1 4.9 3.0 2.1 2.1 1.5 6.1 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2 8.1 2.2 1.0 13.5 11.7 6.9 5.1 3.2 2.1 2.1 1.9 6.2 2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1 7.5 2.3 0.8 13.0 11.8 7.1 4.8 2.8 2.4 2.2 2.1 6.1 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.9 8.0 2.4 0.8 12.2 11.2 6.8 4.8 3.0 2.4 2.2 2.1 5.9 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1 8.5 2.4 0.8 13.0 11.3 7.0 4.9 2.8 2.4 2.5 2.2 6.0 2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1 7.5 2.7 0.9 12.9 11.2 7.2 4.8 3.2 2.3 2.3 2.1 6.1 20015 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1 8.2 2.7 0.8 13.3 13.1 9.5 6.3 4.0 2.9 2.5 2.4 7.1 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.0 9.2 2.3 0.9 12.6 10.4 7.1 4.7 3.0 2.4 2.4 2.4 5.9 1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1 8.7 2.5 1.1 12.9 10.5 7.1 4.6 3.0 2.6 2.5 2.4 6.0

* Figure does not meet standards of reliability or precision; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ . . . Category not applicable. 1Figures for age not stated included in ‘‘all ages’’ but not distributed among age groups. 2Death rates for ‘‘under 1 year’’ (based on population estimates) differ from infant mortality rates (based on live births); see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ 3For method of computation, see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ 4New ICD–10 code J09 (Influenza due to identified avian influenza virus) was added to the category in 2007. No deaths occurred from this cause in 2007. 5Figures include September 11, 2001-related deaths for which death certificates were filed as of October 24, 2002; see ‘‘Technical Notes’’ from ‘‘Deaths: Final Data for 2001.’’

Table 10. [The asterisks

Number of deaths from 113 selected causes (*) preceding the cause-of-death codes indicate that they are not

and Enterocolitis due to Clostridium difficile, part of the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision

by age: United States, 2007 (ICD–10), Second Edition; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’

Cause of death (based on ICD–10, 2004) All

ages Under

year 1 1–4

years 5–14 years

15–24 years

25–34 years

35–44 years

45–54 years

55–64 years

65–74 years

75–84 years

85 years and over

Not stated

All causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Salmonella infections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A01–A02) Shigellosis and amebiasis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A03,A06) Certain other intestinal infections . . . . . . . . .(A04,A07–A09) Tuberculosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A16–A19)

Respiratory tuberculosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A16) Other tuberculosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A17–A19)

Whooping cough . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A37) Scarlet fever and erysipelas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A38,A46) Meningococcal infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A39) Septicemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A40–A41) Syphilis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A50–A53) Acute poliomyelitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A80) Arthropod-borne viral encephalitis . . . . . . . (A83–A84,A85.2) Measles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (B05) Viral hepatitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (B15–B19) Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease . . . . (B20–B24) Malaria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (B50–B54) Other and unspecified infectious and parasitic diseases and

their sequelae . . . . . . . . (A00,A05,A20–A36,A42–A44,A48– A49,A54–A79,A81–A82,A85.0–A85.1,A85.8,A86–B04,

B06–B09,B25–B49,B55–B99) Malignant neoplasms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C00–C97)

Malignant neoplasms of lip, oral cavity and pharynx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C00–C14)

Malignant neoplasm of esophagus . . . . . . . . . . . . (C15) Malignant neoplasm of stomach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C16) Malignant neoplasms of colon, rectum and anus . (C18–C21) Malignant neoplasms of liver and intrahepatic bile

ducts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C22) Malignant neoplasm of pancreas . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C25) Malignant neoplasm of larynx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C32) Malignant neoplasms of trachea, bronchus and

lung . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C33–C34) Malignant melanoma of skin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C43) Malignant neoplasm of breast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C50) Malignant neoplasm of cervix uteri . . . . . . . . . . . . (C53) Malignant neoplasms of corpus uteri and uterus, part

unspecified . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C54–C55) Malignant neoplasm of ovary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C56) Malignant neoplasm of prostate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C61) Malignant neoplasms of kidney and renal pelvis . (C64–C65) Malignant neoplasm of bladder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C67) Malignant neoplasms of meninges, brain and other parts

of central nervous system . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C70–C72) Malignant neoplasms of lymphoid, hematopoietic and

related tissue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C81–C96)

See footnotes at end of table.

2,423,712

30 4

6,758 554 424 130

9 3

87 34,828

42 – 3 –

7,407 11,295

5,825 562,875

8,067 13,592 11,388 53,586

17,146 34,117 3,634

158,760 8,461

40,970 4,021

7,456 14,621 29,093 12,703 13,843

13,234

54,991

29,138

2 –

11 2 2 – 8 –

11 283

5 – – – 1 5 –

154 72

– – 1 –

6 – –

1 – – –

– – – 2 1

4,703

2 –

14 – – – – – 5

78 – – – – 1 4 –

63 364

– – – –

19 – –

1 1 – –

– – 1 9 –

109

111

6,147

– 2 5 1 1 – – –

11 74 – – 1 – –

10 –

51 959

1 – – 1

25 2 –

4 2 – –

– – –

25 –

302

352

33,982

– – 5 6 3 3 – –

21 160

– – – –

14 160

–

97 1,653

18 5

14 35

38 5 2

25 31 15

2 28

1 34 –

204

630

42,572

2 –

15 14 10 4 – 1 6

297 –

– – –

72 1,091

–

136 3,463

44 28

127 275

90 52 2

135 175 344 183

31 79

1 50 7

369

771

79,606

– 1

36 32 27 5 – – 9

910 4

– – –

489 3,572

229 13,288

251 246 456

1,302

368 538 55

1,852 466

2,184 645

168 352

21 240 93

845

1,464

184,686

3 –

122 73 53 20 1 – 8

2,431 2 – – –

2,815 4,156

–

511 50,167

1,136 1,452 1,151 4,793

2,503 2,808

450

12,480 1,174 5,990

915

584 1,532

428 1,243

570

1,916

3,606

287,110

2 –

325 88 62 26 – – 8

4,231 1 – – –

2,413 1,721

919 103,171

2,019 3,379 1,879 9,058

4,181 6,507

932

31,216 1,742 8,756

892

1,583 2,997 2,271 2,584 1,564

2,975

7,694

389,238

4 –

915 97 73 24 – – 4

6,345 8 – 1 –

871 448

1,098 138,466

1,915 3,726 2,555

11,634

3,884 8,671

989

48,157 1,737 8,179

611

2,021 3,616 5,716 3,159 2,817

3,002

12,223

652,682

6 1

2,446 151 119 32 – – 1

10,403 12 – – –

570 109

–

1,463 163,608

1,741 3,376 3,255

15,417

4,266 10,317

871

48,358 2,035 9,075

506

1,960 3,946

11,257 3,539 5,009

2,608

17,884

713,647

9 –

2,864 90 74 16

– 2 3

9,614 10 – 1 –

161 16 1

1,104 87,656

942 1,380 1,950

11,069

1,766 5,217

333

16,528 1,098 6,426

261

1,107 2,071 9,397 1,818 3,782

889

10,228

201

– – – – –

– – – 2

–

eports, Vol. 58, N o.

32 N

ational Vital Statistics R 19, M

ay 20, 2010

– – – 3 –

– 8

– – – 2

– – –

3 – 1 –

– – – – –

–

33 N

ational Vital Statistics R eports, Vol. 58, N

o. 19, M ay 20, 2010

Table 10. Number of deaths from 113 selected causes and Enterocolitis due to Clostridium difficile, by age: United States, 2007—Con. [The asterisks (*) preceding the cause-of-death codes indicate that they are not part of the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD–10), Second Edition; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’

All Under 1 1–4 5–14 15–24 25–34 35–44 45–54 55–64 65–74 75–84 85 years Not Cause of death (based on ICD–10, 2004) ages year years years years years years years years years years and over stated

Hodgkin’s disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C81) 1,271 – – 3 65 120 135 145 176 209 286 132 – Non–Hodgkin’s lymphoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C82–C85) 20,528 2 5 33 133 206 516 1,392 2,922 4,476 6,868 3,975 – Leukemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C91–C95) 21,825 21 106 314 428 438 657 1,362 2,801 4,611 6,858 4,228 1 Multiple myeloma and immunoproliferative

neoplasms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C88,C90) 11,307 – – – 2 7 155 705 1,788 2,917 3,853 1,879 1 Other and unspecified malignant neoplasms of lymphoid,

hematopoietic and related tissue . . . . . . . . . . . (C96) 60 3 – 2 2 – 1 2 7 10 19 14 – All other and unspecified malignant

neoplasms . . . . . . . .(C17,C23–C24,C26–C31,C37–C41, C44–C49,C51– C52,C57–C60,C62–C63,C66,C68–C69,

C73–C80,C97) 63,192 20 113 245 558 700 1,742 5,436 10,942 13,854 18,188 11,394 – In situ neoplasms, benign neoplasms and neoplasms of

uncertain or unknown behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . (D00–D48) 14,204 59 59 84 81 138 340 699 1,416 2,402 4,717 4,209 – Anemias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (D50–D64) 4,829 17 17 32 90 136 187 255 322 560 1,224 1,989 – Diabetes mellitus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (E10–E14) 71,382 7 5 21 168 610 1,984 5,753 11,304 15,112 21,189 15,227 2 Nutritional deficiencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (E40–E64) 2,852 7 5 3 4 19 36 93 201 333 808 1,343 –

Malnutrition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (E40–E46) 2,644 6 2 3 4 18 35 87 188 314 755 1,232 – Other nutritional deficiencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . (E50–E64) 208 1 3 – – 1 1 6 13 19 53 111 –

Meningitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (G00,G03) 655 82 16 25 35 34 66 111 89 72 88 37 – Parkinson’s disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (G20–G21) 20,058 – – – 2 2 12 60 396 2,310 9,363 7,911 2 Alzheimer’s disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (G30) 74,632 – – – – 1 8 95 728 3,984 23,009 46,804 3 Major cardiovascular diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (I00–I78) 806,156 571 230 338 1,369 3,950 14,867 46,280 80,797 115,623 229,050 313,044 37

Diseases of heart . . . . . . . . . . . (I00–I09,I11,I13,I20–I51) 616,067 424 173 241 1,084 3,223 11,839 37,434 65,527 89,589 171,257 235,249 27 Acute rheumatic fever and chronic rheumatic heart

diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (I00–I09) 3,201 2 1 1 12 28 70 177 337 529 1,055 989 – Hypertensive heart disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (I11) 30,780 1 1 – 44 338 1,372 3,604 4,487 4,009 6,324 10,598 2 Hypertensive heart and renal disease . . . . . . . . . . (I13) 2,987 – – – 5 32 77 178 293 379 792 1,231 – Ischemic heart diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (I20–I25) 406,351 24 8 21 151 1,048 6,219 24,390 46,164 63,027 116,152 149,126 21

Acute myocardial infarction . . . . . . . . . . . . (I21–I22) 132,968 10 4 11 54 400 2,402 9,467 17,835 23,441 37,629 41,711 4 Other acute ischemic heart diseases . . . . . . . . . (I24) 4,092 2 – – 3 17 109 376 679 740 1,021 1,145 – Other forms of chronic ischemic heart disease . (I20,I25) 269,291 12 4 10 94 631 3,708 14,547 27,650 38,846 77,502 106,270 17

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, so described . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (I25.0) 59,051 1 – – 17 211 1,395 5,910 10,055 9,884 14,221 17,347 10

All other forms of chronic ischemic heart disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (I20,I25.1–I25.9) 210,240 11 4 10 77 420 2,313 8,637 17,595 28,962 63,281 88,923 7

Other heart diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (I26–I51) 172,748 397 163 219 872 1,777 4,101 9,085 14,246 21,645 46,934 73,305 4 Acute and subacute endocarditis . . . . . . . . . . . (I33) 1,225 3 1 1 9 32 95 198 207 236 308 134 1 Diseases of pericardium and acute

myocarditis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (I30–I31,I40) 867 25 19 24 48 53 87 116 123 119 137 116 – Heart failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (I50) 56,565 21 11 12 43 87 317 1,073 2,758 5,749 15,935 30,558 1 All other forms of heart disease . . . . . . . (I26–I28,

I34–I38,I42–I49,I51) 114,091 348 132 182 772 1,605 3,602 7,698 11,158 15,541 30,554 42,497 2 Essential hypertension and hypertensive renal

disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (I10,I12,I15) 23,965 1 1 – 23 85 384 1,235 2,124 3,133 6,442 10,536 1 Cerebrovascular diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (I60–I69) 135,952 132 52 83 195 505 2,133 6,385 10,500 18,007 41,979 55,975 6 Atherosclerosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (I70) 8,232 1 – – 2 1 27 134 350 829 2,298 4,590 – Other diseases of circulatory system . . . . . . . . . (I71–I78) 21,940 13 4 14 65 136 484 1,092 2,296 4,065 7,074 6,694 3

See footnotes at end of table.

Aortic aneurysm and dissection . . . . . . . . . . . . . (I71) 12,986 1 – 7 38 99 364 752 1,483 2,616 4,346 3,279 1 Other diseases of arteries, arterioles and

capillaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (I72–I78) 8,954 12 4 7 27 37 120 340 813 1,449 2,728 3,415 2 Other disorders of circulatory system . . . . . . . . . . (I80–I99) 4,101 53 3 6 40 120 322 570 586 552 888 960 1 Influenza and pneumonia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (J09–J18)1 52,717 222 109 103 163 331 784 1,909 3,152 5,547 14,859 25,535 3

Influenza . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (J09–J11)1 411 13 19 35 10 9 13 19 37 38 79 139 – Pneumonia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (J12–J18) 52,306 209 90 68 153 322 771 1,890 3,115 5,509 14,780 25,396 3

Other acute lower respiratory infections . . . . (J20–J22,U04)2 255 46 17 3 2 5 5 14 19 27 36 81 – Acute bronchitis and bronchiolitis . . . . . . . . . . . (J20–J21) 213 45 16 3 1 5 5 11 18 22 28 59 – Other and unspecified acute lower respiratory

infections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (J22,U04)2,3 42 1 1 – 1 – – 3 1 5 8 22 – Chronic lower respiratory diseases . . . . . . . . . . . (J40–J47) 127,924 43 57 118 149 263 796 4,153 12,777 28,664 48,041 32,857 6

Bronchitis, chronic and unspecified . . . . . . . . . . (J40–J42) 667 24 10 2 1 5 14 24 52 88 181 266 – Emphysema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(J43) 12,790 3 – 1 1 10 60 486 1,590 3,294 4,835 2,509 1 Asthma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (J45–J46) 3,447 4 41 107 133 201 320 538 461 412 569 659 2 Other chronic lower respiratory diseases . . . . . . (J44,J47) 111,020 12 6 8 14 47 402 3,105 10,674 24,870 42,456 29,423 3

Pneumoconioses and chemical effects . . . . . . (J60–J66,J68) 915 – – – – 3 2 20 59 175 384 272 – Pneumonitis due to solids and liquids . . . . . . . . . . . . .(J69) 16,988 10 8 16 47 70 154 436 884 1,724 5,187 8,451 1 Other diseases of respiratory system . . . . (J00–J06,J30–J39,

J67,J70–J98) 28,508 319 100 66 152 216 493 1,376 3,038 5,556 9,535 7,657 – Peptic ulcer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (K25–K28) 3,045 2 – 2 6 20 78 293 378 487 828 951 – Diseases of appendix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (K35–K38) 426 1 2 10 16 9 19 40 56 82 110 81 – Hernia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (K40–K46) 1,698 35 5 2 2 8 35 98 170 244 474 625 – Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis . . . . . . . .(K70,K73–K74) 29,165 4 4 – 30 384 2,570 8,212 8,004 5,167 3,694 1,093 3

Alcoholic liver disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (K70) 14,406 – – – 17 293 1,834 5,126 4,309 1,959 747 118 3 Other chronic liver disease and cirrhosis . . . . . (K73–K74) 14,759 4 4 – 13 91 736 3,086 3,695 3,208 2,947 975 –

Cholelithiasis and other disorders of gallbladder . . (K80–K82) 3,237 1 2 1 7 23 54 132 240 482 1,011 1,284 – Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome and

nephrosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . (N00–N07,N17–N19,N25–N27) 46,448 144 22 24 86 261 754 2,233 4,440 7,752 14,711 16,021 – Acute and rapidly progressive nephritic and nephrotic

syndrome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (N00–N01,N04) 206 5 3 3 1 7 6 13 22 35 62 49 – Chronic glomerulonephritis, nephritis and nephropathy not

specified as acute or chronic, and renal sclerosis unspecified . . . . . . . . . . . . . (N02–N03,N05–N07,N26) 2,958 1 2 3 8 17 51 126 208 384 928 1,230 –

Renal failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (N17–N19) 43,263 138 16 18 77 237 696 2,091 4,205 7,330 13,718 14,737 – Other disorders of kidney . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (N25,N27) 21 – 1 – – – 1 3 5 3 3 5 –

Infections of kidney . . . . . . . . . . . (N10–N12,N13.6,N15.1) 628 5 1 1 8 6 30 59 64 91 170 193 – Hyperplasia of prostate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (N40) 491 – – – – – 1 1 12 47 147 283 – Inflammatory diseases of female pelvic organs . . . (N70–N76) 116 4 – – 1 5 6 14 19 22 21 24 – Pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium . . . . . . (O00–O99) 769 . . . . . . 1 160 326 220 59 2 1 – – –

Pregnancy with abortive outcome . . . . . . . . . . (O00–O07) 31 . . . . . . – 7 16 6 2 – – – – – Other complications of pregnancy, childbirth and the

puerperium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (O10–O99) 738 . . . . . . 1 153 310 214 57 2 1 – – – Certain conditions originating in the perinatal

period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (P00–P96) 14,599 14,466 70 22 17 3 4 5 3 3 1 – 5 Congenital malformations, deformations and chromosomal

abnormalities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Q00–Q99) 10,421 5,785 546 374 402 417 513 685 686 341 406 265 1 Symptoms, signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory

findings, not elsewhere classified . . . . . . . . . . . (R00–R99) 33,500 3,617 237 110 575 877 1,424 2,195 2,229 2,499 5,834 13,860 43

See footnotes at end of table.

34 N

ational Vital Statistics R eports, Vol. 58, N

o. 19, M ay 20, 2010

35 N

ational Vital Statistics R eports, Vol. 58, N

o. 19, M ay 20, 2010

All other diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (residual) 238,192 1,337 599 876 1,957 3,149 7,068 16,499 22,895 28,838 61,153 93,813 8 Accidents (unintentional injuries) . . . . . . .(V01–X59,Y85–Y86) 123,706 1,285 1,588 2,194 15,897 14,977 16,931 20,315 12,193 8,753 13,736 15,803 34

Transport accidents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(V01–V99,Y85) 46,844 127 581 1,374 10,928 7,452 6,829 7,199 4,838 3,194 2,983 1,326 13 Motor-vehicle accidents . . . . . . . . (V02–V04,V09.0,V09.2,

V12–V14,V19.0–V19.2,V19.4–V19.6,V20–V79, V80.3–V80.5,V81.0–V81.1,V82.0–V82.1,V83–V86,

V87.0–V87.8,V88.0–V88.8,V89.0,V89.2) 43,945 124 551 1,285 10,568 7,087 6,370 6,530 4,359 2,940 2,845 1,277 9 Other land transport accidents. . . . . . . . (V01,V05–V06,

V09.1,V09.3–V09.9,V10–V11,V15–V18,V19.3, V19.8–V19.9,V80.0–V80.2,V80.6–V80.9,V81.2–V81.9,

V82.2–V82.9,V87.9,V88.9,V89.1,V89.3, V89.9) 1,083 1 19 53 174 134 181 235 123 81 61 18 3 Water, air and space, and other and unspecified transport

accidents and their sequelae . . . . . . . . .(V90–V99,Y85) 1,816 2 11 36 186 231 278 434 356 173 77 31 1 Nontransport accidents . . . . . . . . . . . . . (W00–X59,Y86) 76,862 1,158 1,007 820 4,969 7,525 10,102 13,116 7,355 5,559 10,753 14,477 21

Falls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(W00–W19) 22,631 24 36 32 233 334 593 1,304 1,739 2,594 6,552 9,188 2 Accidental discharge of firearms . . . . . . . . .(W32–W34) 613 1 18 46 155 94 91 82 57 31 31 7 – Accidental drowning and submersion . . . . . .(W65–W74) 3,443 57 458 224 630 381 417 481 324 194 184 88 5 Accidental exposure to smoke, fire and

flames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X00–X09) 3,286 38 201 211 194 222 307 488 492 421 436 272 4 Accidental poisoning and exposure to noxious

substances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X40–X49) 29,846 19 34 81 3,159 5,700 7,575 9,006 3,120 602 355 192 3 Other and unspecified nontransport accidents and their

sequelae . . (W20–W31,W35–W64, W75–W99,X10–X39, X50–X59,Y86) 17,043 1,019 260 226 598 794 1,119 1,755 1,623 1,717 3,195 4,730 7

Intentional self-harm (suicide) . . . . . . (*U03,X60–X84,Y87.0) 34,598 . . . . . . 184 4,140 5,278 6,722 7,778 5,069 2,444 2,119 858 6 Intentional self-harm (suicide) by discharge of

firearms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X72–X74) 17,352 . . . . . . 53 1,900 2,306 2,879 3,531 2,786 1,700 1,589 606 2 Intentional self-harm (suicide) by other and unspecified

means and their sequelae . . . . (*U03,X60–X71,X75–X84, Y87.0) 17,246 . . . . . . 131 2,240 2,972 3,843 4,247 2,283 744 530 252 4

Assault (homicide) . . . . . . . . . .(*U01–*U02,X85–Y09,Y87.1) 18,361 352 398 346 5,551 4,758 3,052 2,140 980 411 268 80 25 Assault (homicide) by discharge of

firearms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (*U01.4,X93–X95) 12,632 15 48 201 4,669 3,751 2,038 1,159 446 185 88 23 9 Assault (homicide) by other and unspecified means and their

sequelae . . . (*U01.0–*U01.3,*U01.5–*U01.9,*U02,X85–X92, X96–Y09,Y87.1) 5,729 337 350 145 882 1,007 1,014 981 534 226 180 57 16

Legal intervention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(Y35,Y89.0) 412 – – 1 97 127 96 64 19 5 2 1 – Events of undetermined intent . . . . . . (Y10–Y34,Y87.2,Y89.9) 5,381 88 49 49 579 872 1,251 1,501 599 183 132 70 8

Discharge of firearms, undetermined intent . . . . (Y22–Y24) 276 – 3 12 82 44 36 40 35 17 6 1 – Other and unspecified events of undetermined intent and

their sequelae . . . . . . . (Y10–Y21,Y25–Y34,Y87.2,Y89.9) 5,105 88 46 37 497 828 1,215 1,461 564 166 126 69 8 Operations of war and their sequelae . . . . . . . . .(Y36,Y89.1) 21 – – – 3 5 – – 6 1 5 1 – Complications of medical and surgical care . . .(Y40–Y84,Y88) 2,597 22 23 21 30 72 150 250 398 486 712 433 –

Enterocolitis due to Clostridium difficile . . . . . . . . . . (A04.7)4 6,372 4 1 1 4 14 31 107 313 876 2,338 2,647 36

– Quantity zero. . . . Category not applicable. 1New ICD–10 code J09 (Influenza due to identified avian influenza virus) was added to the category in 2007. No deaths occurred from this cause in 2007. 2New ICD–10 code U04 (Severe acute respiratory syndrome [SARS]) was added to the category in 2007. No deaths occurred from this cause in 2007. 3Cause–of–death title was changed in 2007 to reflect the addition of SARS (ICD–10 code U04). 4Included in ‘‘Certain other intestinal infections .(A04,A07–A09)’’ shown above. Beginning with data year 2006, ‘‘Enterocolitis due to Clostridium difficile (A04.7)’’ is shown separately at the bottom of tables showing 113 selected causes and is included in the list of rankable causes, see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’

NOTE: Complete confirmation of deaths from selected causes of death, considered to be of public health concern, was not provided by the following states: Connecticut, Florida, Indiana, Kentucky, Maryland, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Washington, and West Virginia; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’

Table 11. Death rates for 113 selected causes and Enterocolitis due to Clostridium difficile, by age: United States, 2007 [Rates per 100,000 population in specified group. Populations used for computing death rates are postcensal estimates based on the 2000 census, estimated as of July 1, 2007; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ The asterisks (*) preceding the cause-of-death codes indicate that they are not part of the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD–10), Second Edition; see ‘‘Technical Notes’’]

All Under 1 1–4 5–14 15–24 25–34 35–44 45–54 55–64 65–74 75–84 85 years Cause of death (based on ICD–10, 2004) ages1 year2 years years years years years years years years years and over

All causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 803.6 684.5 28.6 15.3 79.9 104.9 184.4 420.9 877.7 2,011.3 5,011.6 12,946.5

Salmonella infections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A01–A02) 0.0 * * * * * * * * * * * Shigellosis and amebiasis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A03,A06) * * * * * * * * * * * * Certain other intestinal infections . . . . . . . . .(A04,A07–A09) 2.2 * * * * * 0.1 0.3 1.0 4.7 18.8 52.0 Tuberculosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A16–A19) 0.2 * * * * * 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.5 1.2 1.6

Respiratory tuberculosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A16) 0.1 * * * * * 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.9 1.3 Other tuberculosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A17–A19) 0.0 * * * * * * 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.2 *

Whooping cough . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A37) * * * * * * * * * * * * Scarlet fever and erysipelas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A38,A46) * * * * * * * * * * * * Meningococcal infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A39) 0.0 * * * 0.0 * * * * * * * Septicemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A40–A41) 11.5 6.6 0.5 0.2 0.4 0.7 2.1 5.5 12.9 32.8 79.9 174.4 Syphilis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A50–A53) 0.0 * * * * * * * * * * * Acute poliomyelitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A80) * * * * * * * * * * * * Arthropod-borne viral encephalitis . . . . . . . (A83–A84,A85.2) * * * * * * * * * * * * Measles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (B05) * * * * * * * * * * * * Viral hepatitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (B15–B19) 2.5 * * * * 0.2 1.1 6.4 7.4 4.5 4.4 2.9 Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease . . . . (B20–B24) 3.7 * * * 0.4 2.7 8.3 9.5 5.3 2.3 0.8 * Malaria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (B50–B54) * * * * * * * * * * * * Other and unspecified infectious and parasitic diseases and

their sequelae . . . . . (A00,A05,A20–A36,A42–A44,A48–A49, A54–A79,A81–A82,A85.0–A85.1,A85.8,A86–B04,

B06–B09,B25–B49,B55–B99) 1.9 3.6 0.4 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.5 1.2 2.8 5.7 11.2 20.0 Malignant neoplasms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C00–C97) 186.6 1.7 2.2 2.4 3.9 8.5 30.8 114.3 315.4 715.5 1,256.3 1,590.2

Malignant neoplasms of lip, oral cavity and pharynx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C00–C14) 2.7 * * * * 0.1 0.6 2.6 6.2 9.9 13.4 17.1

Malignant neoplasm of esophagus . . . . . . . . . . . . (C15) 4.5 * * * * 0.1 0.6 3.3 10.3 19.3 25.9 25.0 Malignant neoplasm of stomach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C16) 3.8 * * * * 0.3 1.1 2.6 5.7 13.2 25.0 35.4 Malignant neoplasms of colon, rectum and

anus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C18–C21) 17.8 * * * 0.1 0.7 3.0 10.9 27.7 60.1 118.4 200.8 Malignant neoplasms of liver and intrahepatic bile

ducts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C22) 5.7 * * 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.9 5.7 12.8 20.1 32.8 32.0 Malignant neoplasm of pancreas . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C25) 11.3 * * * * 0.1 1.2 6.4 19.9 44.8 79.2 94.6 Malignant neoplasm of larynx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C32) 1.2 * * * * * 0.1 1.0 2.8 5.1 6.7 6.0 Malignant neoplasms of trachea, bronchus and

lung . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C33–C34) 52.6 * * * 0.1 0.3 4.3 28.4 95.4 248.8 371.3 299.8 Malignant melanoma of skin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C43) 2.8 * * * 0.1 0.4 1.1 2.7 5.3 9.0 15.6 19.9 Malignant neoplasm of breast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C50) 13.6 * * * * 0.8 5.1 13.7 26.8 42.3 69.7 116.6 Malignant neoplasm of cervix uteri . . . . . . . . . . . . (C53) 1.3 * * * * 0.5 1.5 2.1 2.7 3.2 3.9 4.7 Malignant neoplasms of corpus uteri and uterus, part

unspecified . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C54–C55) 2.5 * * * * 0.1 0.4 1.3 4.8 10.4 15.0 20.1 Malignant neoplasm of ovary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C56) 4.8 * * * 0.1 0.2 0.8 3.5 9.2 18.7 30.3 37.6 Malignant neoplasm of prostate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C61) 9.6 * * * * * 0.0 1.0 6.9 29.5 86.4 170.5 Malignant neoplasms of kidney and renal pelvis . (C64–C65) 4.2 * * 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.6 2.8 7.9 16.3 27.2 33.0 Malignant neoplasm of bladder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C67) 4.6 * * * * * 0.2 1.3 4.8 14.6 38.5 68.6 Malignant neoplasms of meninges, brain and other parts

of central nervous system . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C70–C72) 4.4 * 0.7 0.8 0.5 0.9 2.0 4.4 9.1 15.5 20.0 16.1

See footnotes at end of table.

36 N

ational Vital Statistics R eports, Vol. 58, N

o. 19, M ay 20, 2010

37 N

ational Vital Statistics R eports, Vol. 58, N

o. 19, M ay 20, 2010

Table 11. Death rates for 113 selected causes and Enterocolitis due to Clostridium difficile, by age: United States, 2007—Con. [Rates per 100,000 population in specified group. Populations used for computing death rates are postcensal estimates based on the 2000 census, estimated as of July 1, 2007; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ The asterisks (*) preceding the cause-of-death codes indicate that they are not part of the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD–10), Second Edition; see ‘‘Technical Notes’’]

Malignant neoplasms of lymphoid, hematopoietic and related tissue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C81–C96) 18.2 0.6 0.7 0.9 1.5 1.9 3.4 8.2 23.5 63.2 137.3 185.5 Hodgkin’s disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C81) 0.4 * * * 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.5 1.1 2.2 2.4 Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C82–C85) 6.8 * * 0.1 0.3 0.5 1.2 3.2 8.9 23.1 52.7 72.1 Leukemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C91–C95) 7.2 0.5 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.5 3.1 8.6 23.8 52.7 76.7 Multiple myeloma and immunoproliferative

neoplasms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C88,C90) 3.7 * * * * * 0.4 1.6 5.5 15.1 29.6 34.1 Other and unspecified malignant neoplasms of lymphoid,

hematopoietic and related tissue . . . . . . . . . . . (C96) 0.0 * * * * * * * * * * * All other and unspecified malignant

neoplasms . . . . . . . .(C17,C23–C24,C26–C31,C37–C41, C44–C49,C51–C52,C57–C60,C62–C63,C66,C68–C69,

C73–C80,C97) 21.0 0.5 0.7 0.6 1.3 1.7 4.0 12.4 33.4 71.6 139.7 206.7 In situ neoplasms, benign neoplasms and neoplasms of

uncertain or unknown behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . (D00–D48) 4.7 1.4 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.8 1.6 4.3 12.4 36.2 76.4 Anemias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (D50–D64) 1.6 * * 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.6 1.0 2.9 9.4 36.1 Diabetes mellitus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (E10–E14) 23.7 * * 0.1 0.4 1.5 4.6 13.1 34.6 78.1 162.7 276.2 Nutritional deficiencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (E40–E64) 0.9 * * * * * 0.1 0.2 0.6 1.7 6.2 24.4

Malnutrition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (E40–E46) 0.9 * * * * * 0.1 0.2 0.6 1.6 5.8 22.4 Other nutritional deficiencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . (E50–E64) 0.1 * * * * * * * * * 0.4 2.0

Meningitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (G00,G03) 0.2 1.9 * 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.7 0.7 Parkinson’s disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (G20–G21) 6.7 * * * * * * 0.1 1.2 11.9 71.9 143.5 Alzheimer’s disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (G30) 24.7 * * * * * * 0.2 2.2 20.6 176.7 849.1 Major cardiovascular diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (I00–I78) 267.3 13.4 1.4 0.8 3.2 9.7 34.4 105.5 247.0 597.5 1,758.7 5,679.0

Diseases of heart . . . . . . . . . . . (I00–I09,I11,I13,I20–I51) 204.3 10.0 1.1 0.6 2.6 7.9 27.4 85.3 200.3 462.9 1,315.0 4,267.7 Acute rheumatic fever and chronic rheumatic heart

diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (I00–I09) 1.1 * * * * 0.1 0.2 0.4 1.0 2.7 8.1 17.9 Hypertensive heart disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (I11) 10.2 * * * 0.1 0.8 3.2 8.2 13.7 20.7 48.6 192.3 Hypertensive heart and renal disease . . . . . . . . . . (I13) 1.0 * * * * 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.9 2.0 6.1 22.3 Ischemic heart diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (I20–I25) 134.7 0.6 * 0.1 0.4 2.6 14.4 55.6 141.1 325.7 891.9 2,705.3

Acute myocardial infarction . . . . . . . . . . . . (I21–I22) 44.1 * * * 0.1 1.0 5.6 21.6 54.5 121.1 288.9 756.7 Other acute ischemic heart diseases . . . . . . . . . (I24) 1.4 * * * * * 0.3 0.9 2.1 3.8 7.8 20.8 Other forms of chronic ischemic heart disease . (I20,I25) 89.3 * * * 0.2 1.6 8.6 33.2 84.5 200.7 595.1 1,927.9

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, so described . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (I25.0) 19.6 * * * * 0.5 3.2 13.5 30.7 51.1 109.2 314.7

All other forms of chronic ischemic heart disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (I20,I25.1–I25.9) 69.7 * * * 0.2 1.0 5.4 19.7 53.8 149.7 485.9 1,613.2

Other heart diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (I26–I51) 57.3 9.3 1.0 0.5 2.1 4.4 9.5 20.7 43.5 111.8 360.4 1,329.8 Acute and subacute endocarditis . . . . . . . . . . . (I33) 0.4 * * * * 0.1 0.2 0.5 0.6 1.2 2.4 2.4 Diseases of pericardium and acute

myocarditis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (I30–I31,I40) 0.3 0.6 * 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.6 1.1 2.1 Heart failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (I50) 18.8 0.5 * * 0.1 0.2 0.7 2.4 8.4 29.7 122.4 554.4 All other forms of heart disease . . . . . . . (I26–I28,

I34–I38,I42–I49,I51) 37.8 8.2 0.8 0.5 1.8 4.0 8.3 17.5 34.1 80.3 234.6 770.9 Essential hypertension and hypertensive renal

disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (I10,I12,I15) 7.9 * * * 0.1 0.2 0.9 2.8 6.5 16.2 49.5 191.1 Cerebrovascular diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (I60–I69) 45.1 3.1 0.3 0.2 0.5 1.2 4.9 14.6 32.1 93.0 322.3 1,015.5

See footnotes at end of table.

Atherosclerosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (I70) 2.7 * * * * * 0.1 0.3 1.1 4.3 17.6 83.3 Other diseases of circulatory system . . . . . . . . . (I71–I78) 7.3 * * * 0.2 0.3 1.1 2.5 7.0 21.0 54.3 121.4

Aortic aneurysm and dissection . . . . . . . . . . . . . (I71) 4.3 * * * 0.1 0.2 0.8 1.7 4.5 13.5 33.4 59.5 Other diseases of arteries, arterioles and

capillaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (I72–I78) 3.0 * * * 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.8 2.5 7.5 20.9 62.0 Other disorders of circulatory system . . . . . . . . . . (I80–I99) 1.4 1.2 * * 0.1 0.3 0.7 1.3 1.8 2.9 6.8 17.4 Influenza and pneumonia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (J09–J18)3

Influenza . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (J09–J11)3 17.5

0.1 5.2

* 0.7

* 0.3 0.1

0.4 *

0.8 *

1.8 *

4.4 *

9.6 0.1

28.7 0.2

114.1 0.6

463.2 2.5

Pneumonia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (J12–J18) 17.3 4.9 0.5 0.2 0.4 0.8 1.8 4.3 9.5 28.5 113.5 460.7 Other acute lower respiratory infections . . . . (J20–J22,U04)4 0.1 1.1 * * * * * * * 0.1 0.3 1.5

Acute bronchitis and bronchiolitis . . . . . . . . . . . (J20–J21) 0.1 1.1 * * * * * * * 0.1 0.2 1.1 Other and unspecified acute lower respiratory

infections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (J22,U04)4,5 0.0 * * * * * * * * * * 0.4 Chronic lower respiratory diseases . . . . . . . . . . . (J40–J47) 42.4 1.0 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.6 1.8 9.5 39.1 148.1 368.9 596.1

Bronchitis, chronic and unspecified . . . . . . . . . . (J40–J42) 0.2 0.6 * * * * * 0.1 0.2 0.5 1.4 4.8 Emphysema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(J43) 4.2 * * * * * 0.1 1.1 4.9 17.0 37.1 45.5 Asthma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (J45–J46) 1.1 * 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.7 1.2 1.4 2.1 4.4 12.0 Other chronic lower respiratory diseases . . . . . . (J44,J47) 36.8 * * * * 0.1 0.9 7.1 32.6 128.5 326.0 533.8

Pneumoconioses and chemical effects . . . . . . (J60–J66,J68) 0.3 * * * * * * 0.0 0.2 0.9 2.9 4.9 Pneumonitis due to solids and liquids . . . . . . . . . . . . .(J69) 5.6 * * * 0.1 0.2 0.4 1.0 2.7 8.9 39.8 153.3 Other diseases of respiratory system . . . . (J00–J06,J30–J39,

J67,J70–J98) 9.5 7.5 0.6 0.2 0.4 0.5 1.1 3.1 9.3 28.7 73.2 138.9 Peptic ulcer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (K25–K28) 1.0 * * * * 0.0 0.2 0.7 1.2 2.5 6.4 17.3 Diseases of appendix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (K35–K38) 0.1 * * * * * * 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.8 1.5 Hernia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (K40–K46) 0.6 0.8 * * * * 0.1 0.2 0.5 1.3 3.6 11.3 Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis . . . . . . . .(K70,K73–K74) 9.7 * * * 0.1 0.9 6.0 18.7 24.5 26.7 28.4 19.8

Alcoholic liver disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (K70) 4.8 * * * * 0.7 4.2 11.7 13.2 10.1 5.7 2.1 Other chronic liver disease and cirrhosis . . . . . (K73–K74) 4.9 * * * * 0.2 1.7 7.0 11.3 16.6 22.6 17.7

Cholelithiasis and other disorders of gallbladder . . (K80–K82) 1.1 * * * * 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.7 2.5 7.8 23.3 Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome and

nephrosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . (N00–N07,N17–N19,N25–N27) 15.4 3.4 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.6 1.7 5.1 13.6 40.1 113.0 290.6 Acute and rapidly progressive nephritic and nephrotic

syndrome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (N00–N01,N04) 0.1 * * * * * * * 0.1 0.2 0.5 0.9 Chronic glomerulonephritis, nephritis and nephropathy not

specified as acute or chronic, and renal sclerosis unspecified . . . . . . . . . . . . . (N02–N03,N05–N07,N26) 1.0 * * * * * 0.1 0.3 0.6 2.0 7.1 22.3

Renal failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (N17–N19) 14.3 3.2 * * 0.2 0.6 1.6 4.8 12.9 37.9 105.3 267.3 Other disorders of kidney . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (N25,N27) 0.0 * * * * * * * * * * *

Infections of kidney . . . . . . . . . . . (N10–N12,N13.6,N15.1) 0.2 * * * * * 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.5 1.3 3.5 Hyperplasia of prostate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (N40) 0.2 * * * * * * * * 0.2 1.1 5.1 Inflammatory diseases of female pelvic organs . . . (N70–N76) 0.0 * * * * * * * * 0.1 0.2 0.4 Pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium . . . . . . (O00–O99) 0.3 . . . . . . * 0.4 0.8 0.5 0.1 * * * *

Pregnancy with abortive outcome . . . . . . . . . . (O00–O07) 0.0 . . . . . . * * * * * * * * * Other complications of pregnancy, childbirth and the

puerperium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (O10–O99) 0.2 . . . . . . * 0.4 0.8 0.5 0.1 * * * * Certain conditions originating in the perinatal

period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (P00–P96) 4.8 339.8 0.4 0.1 * * * * * * * *

See footnotes at end of table.

38 N

ational Vital Statistics R eports, Vol. 58, N

o. 19, M ay 20, 2010

39 N

ational Vital Statistics R eports, Vol. 58, N

o. 19, M ay 20, 2010

Congenital malformations, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Q00–Q99) 3.5 135.9 3.3 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.6 2.1 1.8 3.1 4.8

Symptoms, signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings, not elsewhere classified . . . . . . . . . . . (R00–R99) 11.1 85.0 1.4 0.3 1.4 2.2 3.3 5.0 6.8 12.9 44.8 251.4

All other diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (residual) 79.0 31.4 3.6 2.2 4.6 7.8 16.4 37.6 70.0 149.0 469.6 1,701.9 Accidents (unintentional injuries) . . . . . . .(V01–X59,Y85–Y86) 41.0 30.2 9.6 5.5 37.4 36.9 39.2 46.3 37.3 45.2 105.5 286.7

Transport accidents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(V01–V99,Y85) 15.5 3.0 3.5 3.4 25.7 18.4 15.8 16.4 14.8 16.5 22.9 24.1 Motor-vehicle accidents . . . . . . . . (V02–V04,V09.0,V09.2,

V12–V14,V19.0–V19.2,V19.4–V19.6,V20–V79, V80.3–V80.5,V81.0–V81.1,V82.0–V82.1,V83–V86,

V87.0–V87.8,V88.0–V88.8,V89.0,V89.2) 14.6 2.9 3.3 3.2 24.9 17.5 14.8 14.9 13.3 15.2 21.8 23.2 Other land transport accidents. . . . . . . . . (V01,V05–V06,

V09.1,V09.3–V09.9,V10–V11,V15–V18,V19.3, V19.8–V19.9,V80.0–V80.2,V80.6–V80.9,V81.2–V81.9,

V82.2–V82.9,V87.9,V88.9,V89.1,V89.3,V89.9) 0.4 * * 0.1 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.5 * Water, air and space, and other and unspecified transport

accidents and their sequelae . . . . . . . . .(V90–V99,Y85) 0.6 * * 0.1 0.4 0.6 0.6 1.0 1.1 0.9 0.6 0.6 Nontransport accidents . . . . . . . . . . . . . (W00–X59,Y86) 25.5 27.2 6.1 2.0 11.7 18.5 23.4 29.9 22.5 28.7 82.6 262.6

Falls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(W00–W19) 7.5 0.6 0.2 0.1 0.5 0.8 1.4 3.0 5.3 13.4 50.3 166.7 Accidental discharge of firearms. . . . . . . . . .(W32–W34) 0.2 * * 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 * Accidental drowning and submersion . . . . . . .(W65–W74) 1.1 1.3 2.8 0.6 1.5 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.4 1.6 Accidental exposure to smoke, fire and flames . (X00–X09) 1.1 0.9 1.2 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.7 1.1 1.5 2.2 3.3 4.9 Accidental poisoning and exposure to noxious

substances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X40–X49) 9.9 * 0.2 0.2 7.4 14.0 17.6 20.5 9.5 3.1 2.7 3.5 Other and unspecified nontransport accidents and their

sequelae . . . (W20–W31,W35–W64,W75–W99,X10–X39, X50–X59,Y86) 5.7 23.9 1.6 0.6 1.4 2.0 2.6 4.0 5.0 8.9 24.5 85.8

Intentional self-harm (suicide) . . . . . . . (*U03,X60–X84,Y87.0) 11.5 . . . . . . 0.5 9.7 13.0 15.6 17.7 15.5 12.6 16.3 15.6 Intentional self-harm (suicide) by discharge of

firearms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X72–X74) 5.8 . . . . . . 0.1 4.5 5.7 6.7 8.0 8.5 8.8 12.2 11.0 Intentional self-harm (suicide) by other and unspecified

means and their sequelae . . . . . (*U03,X60–X71,X75–X84, Y87.0) 5.7 . . . . . . 0.3 5.3 7.3 8.9 9.7 7.0 3.8 4.1 4.6

Assault (homicide) . . . . . . . . .(*U01–*U02,X85–Y09,Y87.1) 6.1 8.3 2.4 0.9 13.1 11.7 7.1 4.9 3.0 2.1 2.1 1.5 Assault (homicide) by discharge of

firearms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (*U01.4,X93–X95) 4.2 * 0.3 0.5 11.0 9.2 4.7 2.6 1.4 1.0 0.7 0.4 Assault (homicide) by other and unspecified means and their

sequelae . . . (*U01.0–*U01.3,*U01.5–*U01.9,*U02,X85–X92, X96–Y09,Y87.1) 1.9 7.9 2.1 0.4 2.1 2.5 2.3 2.2 1.6 1.2 1.4 1.0

Legal intervention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(Y35,Y89.0) 0.1 * * * 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.1 * * * * Events of undetermined intent. . . . . . . (Y10–Y34,Y87.2,Y89.9) 1.8 2.1 0.3 0.1 1.4 2.1 2.9 3.4 1.8 0.9 1.0 1.3

Discharge of firearms, undetermined intent . . . . . (Y22–Y24) 0.1 * * * 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 * * * Other and unspecified events of undetermined intent and

their sequelae . . . . . . . . (Y10–Y21,Y25–Y34,Y87.2,Y89.9) 1.7 2.1 0.3 0.1 1.2 2.0 2.8 3.3 1.7 0.9 1.0 1.3

See footnotes at end of table.

Operations of war and their sequelae . . . . . . . . .(Y36,Y89.1) 0.0 * * * * * * * * * * * Complications of medical and surgical care . . . .(Y40–Y84,Y88) 0.9 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.6 1.2 2.5 5.5 7.9

Enterocolitis due to Clostridium difficile . . . . . . . . . . (A04.7)6 2.1 * * * * * 0.1 0.2 1.0 4.5 18.0 48.7

0.0 Quantity more than zero but less than 0.05. * Figure does not meet standards of reliability or precision; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ . . . Category not applicable. 1Figures for age not stated included in ‘‘all ages’’ but not distributed among age groups. 2Death rates for ‘‘under 1 year’’ (based on population estimates) differ from infant mortality rates (based on live births); see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ 3New ICD–10 code J09 (Influenza due to identified avian influenza virus) was added to the category in 2007. No deaths occurred from this cause in 2007. 4New ICD–10 code U04 (Severe acute respiratory syndrome [SARS]) was added to the category in 2007. No deaths occurred from this cause in 2007. 5Cause–of–death title was changed in 2007 to reflect the addition of SARS (ICD–10 code U04). 6Included in ‘‘Certain other intestinal infections (A04,A07–A09)’’ shown above. Beginning with data year 2006, ‘‘Enterocolitis due to Clostridium difficile (A04.7)’’ is shown separately at the bottom of tables showing 113 selected causes and is included in the list of rankable causes; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’

40 N

ational Vital Statistics R eports, Vol. 58, N

o. 19, M ay 20, 2010

41 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 19, May 20, 2010

Table 12. Number of deaths from 113 selected causes and Enterocolitis due to Clostridium difficile, by race and sex: United States, 2007 [Data for specified races other than white and black should be interpreted with caution because of inconsistencies between reporting race on death certificates and on censuses and surveys; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ The asterisks (*) preceding the cause-of-death codes indicate that they are not part of the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD–10), Second Edition; see ‘‘Technical Notes’’]

All races White1 Black1

Both Both Both Cause of death (based on ICD–10, 2004) sexes Male Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Female

All causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,423,712 1,203,968 1,219,744 2,074,151 1,023,951 1,050,200 289,585 148,309 141,276

Salmonella infections . . . . . . . . . . . (A01–A02) 30 14 16 24 11 13 3 1 2 Shigellosis and amebiasis . . . . . . . . . (A03,A06) 4 2 2 3 2 1 1 – 1 Certain other intestinal infections . (A04,A07–A09) 6,758 2,541 4,217 6,252 2,345 3,907 425 161 264 Tuberculosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A16–A19) 554 342 212 343 209 134 122 83 39

Respiratory tuberculosis . . . . . . . . . . . . (A16) 424 266 158 264 165 99 89 61 28 Other tuberculosis . . . . . . . . . . . . (A17–A19) 130 76 54 79 44 35 33 22 11

Whooping cough . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A37) 9 1 8 9 1 8 – – – Scarlet fever and erysipelas . . . . . . . (A38,A46) 3 1 2 2 1 1 – – – Meningococcal infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A39) 87 48 39 58 32 26 26 14 12 Septicemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A40–A41) 34,828 15,839 18,989 27,750 12,600 15,150 6,297 2,835 3,462 Syphilis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A50–A53) 42 25 17 20 12 8 21 12 9 Acute poliomyelitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A80) – – – – – – – – – Arthropod-borne viral

encephalitis . . . . . . . . . . . . (A83–A84,A85.2) 3 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 – Measles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (B05) – – – – – – – – – Viral hepatitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (B15–B19) 7,407 4,910 2,497 5,959 4,005 1,954 1,049 690 359 Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (B20–B24) 11,295 8,097 3,198 4,672 3,797 875 6,470 4,186 2,284 Malaria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (B50–B54) 5 3 2 3 2 1 1 – 1 Other and unspecified infectious and parasitic

diseases and their sequelae . . . . . . .(A00,A05, A20–A36,A42–A44,A48–A49,A54–A79,A81–A82,

A85.0–A85.1,A85.8,A86–B04,B06–B09, B25–B49,B55–B99) 5,825 2,982 2,843 4,850 2,471 2,379 767 399 368

Malignant neoplasms . . . . . . . . . . . (C00–C97) 562,875 292,857 270,018 483,939 252,049 231,890 64,049 33,069 30,980 Malignant neoplasms of lip, oral cavity and

pharynx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C00–C14) 8,067 5,510 2,557 6,720 4,555 2,165 1,062 769 293 Malignant neoplasm of esophagus . . . . . (C15) 13,592 10,750 2,842 11,878 9,493 2,385 1,453 1,055 398 Malignant neoplasm of stomach . . . . . . . (C16) 11,388 6,757 4,631 8,551 5,099 3,452 1,998 1,193 805 Malignant neoplasms of colon, rectum

and anus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C18–C21) 53,586 27,125 26,461 45,174 22,926 22,248 6,922 3,443 3,479 Malignant neoplasms of liver and

intrahepatic bile ducts . . . . . . . . . . . . (C22) 17,146 11,343 5,803 13,613 8,884 4,729 2,264 1,592 672 Malignant neoplasm of pancreas . . . . . . (C25) 34,117 17,132 16,985 29,096 14,774 14,322 4,069 1,893 2,176 Malignant neoplasm of larynx . . . . . . . . (C32) 3,634 2,890 744 2,905 2,283 622 659 547 112 Malignant neoplasms of trachea,

bronchus and lung . . . . . . . . . . . (C33–C34) 158,760 88,372 70,388 138,730 76,502 62,228 16,494 9,839 6,655 Malignant melanoma of skin . . . . . . . . . (C43) 8,461 5,506 2,955 8,258 5,408 2,850 136 59 77 Malignant neoplasm of breast . . . . . . . . (C50) 40,970 371 40,599 34,160 315 33,845 5,852 53 5,799 Malignant neoplasm of cervix uteri . . . . . (C53) 4,021 . . . 4,021 3,037 . . . 3,037 805 . . . 805 Malignant neoplasms of corpus uteri

and uterus, part unspecified . . . . . (C54–C55) 7,456 . . . 7,456 5,962 . . . 5,962 1,295 . . . 1,295 Malignant neoplasm of ovary . . . . . . . . (C56) 14,621 . . . 14,621 13,093 . . . 13,093 1,160 . . . 1,160 Malignant neoplasm of prostate . . . . . . . (C61) 29,093 29,093 . . . 23,666 23,666 . . . 4,908 4,908 . . . Malignant neoplasms of kidney and

renal pelvis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C64–C65) 12,703 7,964 4,739 11,142 6,996 4,146 1,222 744 478 Malignant neoplasm of bladder . . . . . . . (C67) 13,843 9,644 4,199 12,620 8,950 3,670 1,034 565 469 Malignant neoplasms of meninges,

brain and other parts of central nervous system . . . . . . . . . . . . (C70–C72) 13,234 7,315 5,919 12,177 6,759 5,418 791 404 387

Malignant neoplasms of lymphoid, hematopoietic and related tissue . . (C81–C96) 54,991 30,198 24,793 48,377 26,765 21,612 5,255 2,663 2,592 Hodgkin’s disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C81) 1,271 706 565 1,121 621 500 130 74 56 Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma . . . . . . (C82–C85) 20,528 11,004 9,524 18,581 9,941 8,640 1,390 749 641 Leukemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C91–C95) 21,825 12,388 9,437 19,481 11,147 8,334 1,831 951 880 Multiple myeloma and immunoproliferative

neoplasms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C88,C90) 11,307 6,066 5,241 9,148 5,032 4,116 1,893 882 1,011

See footnotes at end of table.

42 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 19, May 20, 2010

Table 12. Number of deaths from 113 selected causes and Enterocolitis due to Clostridium difficile, by race and sex: United States, 2007—Con. [Data for specified races other than white and black should be interpreted with caution because of inconsistencies between reporting race on death certificates and on censuses and surveys; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ The asterisks (*) preceding the cause-of-death codes indicate that they are not part of the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD–10), Second Edition; see ‘‘Technical Notes’’]

All races White1 Black1

Both Both Both Cause of death (based on ICD–10, 2004) sexes Male Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Female

Other and unspecified malignant neoplasms of lymphoid, hematopoietic and related tissue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C96) 60 34 26 46 24 22 11 7 4

All other and unspecified malignant neoplasms . . . . . . (C17,C23–C24,C26–C31,

C37–C41,C44–C49,C51–C52,C57–C60, C62–C63,C66,C68–C69,C73–C80,C97) 63,192 32,887 30,305 54,780 28,674 26,106 6,670 3,342 3,328

In situ neoplasms, benign neoplasms and neoplasms of uncertain or unknown behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (D00–D48) 14,204 7,256 6,948 12,655 6,470 6,185 1,190 594 596

Anemias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (D50–D64) 4,829 1,940 2,889 3,734 1,447 2,287 970 437 533 Diabetes mellitus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (E10–E14) 71,382 35,478 35,904 56,390 28,744 27,646 12,459 5,493 6,966 Nutritional deficiencies . . . . . . . . . . . (E40–E64) 2,852 1,071 1,781 2,375 875 1,500 393 164 229

Malnutrition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (E40–E46) 2,644 991 1,653 2,194 802 1,392 374 160 214 Other nutritional deficiencies . . . . . . (E50–E64) 208 80 128 181 73 108 19 4 15

Meningitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (G00,G03) 655 346 309 499 257 242 132 77 55 Parkinson’s disease . . . . . . . . . . . . (G20–G21) 20,058 11,554 8,504 18,864 10,895 7,969 802 437 365 Alzheimer’s disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (G30) 74,632 21,800 52,832 68,933 20,185 48,748 4,760 1,301 3,459 Major cardiovascular diseases . . . . . . . (I00–I78) 806,156 388,049 418,107 691,283 331,560 359,723 96,051 46,698 49,353

Diseases of heart . . . . (I00–I09,I11,I13,I20–I51) 616,067 309,821 306,246 531,636 266,908 264,728 71,209 35,669 35,540 Acute rheumatic fever and chronic

rheumatic heart diseases . . . . . . (I00–I09) 3,201 1,026 2,175 2,853 907 1,946 245 84 161 Hypertensive heart disease . . . . . . . . . (I11) 30,780 14,249 16,531 22,938 10,209 12,729 7,108 3,669 3,439 Hypertensive heart and renal disease . . . (I13) 2,987 1,318 1,669 2,064 864 1,200 825 412 413 Ischemic heart diseases . . . . . . . . (I20–I25) 406,351 216,050 190,301 354,481 189,056 165,425 42,679 21,768 20,911

Acute myocardial infarction . . . . . (I21–I22) 132,968 71,712 61,256 115,900 63,011 52,889 14,097 6,997 7,100 Other acute ischemic heart diseases . . (I24) 4,092 2,159 1,933 3,441 1,792 1,649 539 303 236 Other forms of chronic ischemic

heart disease . . . . . . . . . . . . (I20,I25) 269,291 142,179 127,112 235,140 124,253 110,887 28,043 14,468 13,575 Atherosclerotic cardiovascular

disease, so described . . . . . . . .(I25.0) 59,051 33,401 25,650 48,660 27,365 21,295 8,921 5,155 3,766 All other forms of chronic ischemic

heart disease . . . . . . . (I20,I25.1–I25.9) 210,240 108,778 101,462 186,480 96,888 89,592 19,122 9,313 9,809 Other heart diseases . . . . . . . . . . (I26–I51) 172,748 77,178 95,570 149,300 65,872 83,428 20,352 9,736 10,616

Acute and subacute endocarditis . . . . (I33) 1,225 718 507 967 554 413 223 144 79 Diseases of pericardium and acute

myocarditis . . . . . . . . . . . (I30–I31,I40) 867 454 413 698 366 332 145 74 71 Heart failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (I50) 56,565 22,914 33,651 50,367 20,262 30,105 5,497 2,341 3,156 All other forms of heart disease (I26–I28,

I34–I38,I42–I49,I51) 114,091 53,092 60,999 97,268 44,690 52,578 14,487 7,177 7,310 Essential hypertension and hypertensive

renal disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . (I10,I12,I15) 23,965 9,417 14,548 18,583 7,106 11,477 4,640 1,979 2,661 Cerebrovascular diseases . . . . . . . . (I60–I69) 135,952 54,111 81,841 114,695 44,714 69,981 17,085 7,549 9,536 Atherosclerosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (I70) 8,232 3,220 5,012 7,444 2,898 4,546 647 259 388 Other diseases of circulatory system . . (I71–I78) 21,940 11,480 10,460 18,925 9,934 8,991 2,470 1,242 1,228

Aortic aneurysm and dissection . . . . . . (I71) 12,986 7,543 5,443 11,348 6,610 4,738 1,257 705 552 Other diseases of arteries, arterioles

and capillaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . (I72–I78) 8,954 3,937 5,017 7,577 3,324 4,253 1,213 537 676 Other disorders of circulatory system . . . (I80–I99) Influenza and pneumonia . . . . . . . . . (J09–J18)4

4,101 52,717

1,902 24,071

2,199 28,646

3,336 45,947

1,523 20,720

1,813 25,227

701 5,155

348 2,498

353 2,657

Influenza . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (J09–J11)4 411 187 224 374 169 205 26 13 13 Pneumonia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(J12–J18) 52,306 23,884 28,422 45,573 20,551 25,022 5,129 2,485 2,644

Other acute lower respiratory infections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (J20–J22,U04)5 255 121 134 217 102 115 33 16 17 Acute bronchitis and bronchiolitis . . . .(J20–J21) 213 104 109 180 86 94 29 15 14 Other and unspecified acute lower respiratory

infections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (J22,U04)5,6 42 17 25 37 16 21 4 1 3 Chronic lower respiratory diseases . . . .(J40–J47) 127,924 61,235 66,689 118,081 55,934 62,147 7,901 4,207 3,694

Bronchitis, chronic and unspecified . . .(J40–J42) 667 273 394 592 238 354 56 24 32 Emphysema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (J43) 12,790 6,598 6,192 11,886 6,032 5,854 733 457 276 Asthma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(J45–J46) 3,447 1,274 2,173 2,376 789 1,587 902 406 496

See footnotes at end of table.

43 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 19, May 20, 2010

All races White1 Black1

Both Both Both Cause of death (based on ICD–10, 2004) sexes Male Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Female

Other chronic lower respiratory diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (J44,J47) 111,020 53,090 57,930 103,227 48,875 54,352 6,210 3,320 2,890

Pneumoconioses and chemical effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (J60–J66,J68) 915 875 40 868 832 36 45 42 3

Pneumonitis due to solids and liquids . . . . . (J69) 16,988 8,934 8,054 15,229 8,010 7,219 1,429 739 690 Other diseases of respiratory

system . . . . . . (J00–J06,J30–J39,J67,J70–J98) 28,508 14,291 14,217 25,155 12,638 12,517 2,591 1,261 1,330 Peptic ulcer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (K25–K28) 3,045 1,469 1,576 2,628 1,232 1,396 305 174 131 Diseases of appendix . . . . . . . . . . . (K35–K38) 426 259 167 342 210 132 65 39 26 Hernia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (K40–K46) 1,698 708 990 1,504 608 896 167 86 81 Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis (K70,K73–K74) 29,165 19,151 10,014 25,490 16,801 8,689 2,558 1,682 876

Alcoholic liver disease . . . . . . . . . . . . (K70) 14,406 10,549 3,857 12,541 9,267 3,274 1,203 851 352 Other chronic liver disease and

cirrhosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (K73–K74) 14,759 8,602 6,157 12,949 7,534 5,415 1,355 831 524 Cholelithiasis and other disorders of

gallbladder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (K80–K82) 3,237 1,441 1,796 2,839 1,280 1,559 299 118 181 Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome and

nephrosis . . . . . . (N00–N07,N17–N19,N25–N27) 46,448 22,616 23,832 36,871 18,242 18,629 8,392 3,772 4,620 Acute and rapidly progressive nephritic and

nephrotic syndrome . . . . . . . (N00–N01,N04) 206 111 95 168 91 77 35 18 17 Chronic glomerulonephritis, nephritis and

nephropathy not specified as acute or chronic, and renal sclerosis unspecified . . . . . . (N02–N03,N05–N07,N26) 2,958 1,452 1,506 2,350 1,179 1,171 520 229 291

Renal failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (N17–N19) 43,263 21,038 22,225 34,337 16,961 17,376 7,832 3,521 4,311 Other disorders of kidney . . . . . . . (N25,N27) 21 15 6 16 11 5 5 4 1

Infections of kidney . . . . (N10–N12,N13.6,N15.1) 628 214 414 552 185 367 53 20 33 Hyperplasia of prostate . . . . . . . . . . . . . (N40) 491 491 . . . 433 433 . . . 44 44 . . . Inflammatory diseases of female pelvic

organs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (N70–N76) 116 . . . 116 90 . . . 90 20 . . . 20 Pregnancy, childbirth and the

puerperium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (O00–O99) 769 . . . 769 465 . . . 465 251 . . . 251 Pregnancy with abortive outcome . . . (O00–O07) 31 . . . 31 12 . . . 12 18 . . . 18 Other complications of pregnancy, childbirth

and the puerperium . . . . . . . . . . (O10–O99) 738 . . . 738 453 . . . 453 233 . . . 233 Certain conditions originating in the perinatal

period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (P00–P96) 14,599 8,218 6,381 8,890 4,999 3,891 5,052 2,846 2,206 Congenital malformations, deformations and

chromosomal abnormalities . . . . . . . (Q00–Q99) 10,421 5,455 4,966 8,155 4,297 3,858 1,807 924 883 Symptoms, signs and abnormal clinical and

laboratory findings, not elsewhere classified . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (R00–R99) 33,500 14,282 19,218 28,126 11,642 16,484 4,651 2,264 2,387

All other diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (residual) 238,192 96,447 141,745 206,947 82,943 124,004 26,371 11,280 15,091 Accidents (unintentional injuries) . . . . . (V01–X59,

Y85–Y86) 123,706 79,827 43,879 106,252 68,059 38,193 13,559 9,268 4,291 Transport accidents . . . . . . . . (V01–V99,Y85) 46,844 33,434 13,410 39,086 27,864 11,222 5,859 4,336 1,523

Motor-vehicle accidents . . . . . . . . (V02–V04, V09.0,V09.2,V12–V14,V19.0–V19.2,

V19.4–V19.6,V20–V79,V80.3–V80.5, V81.0–V81.1,V82.0–V82.1,V83–V86,

V87.0–V87.8,V88.0–V88.8,V89.0,V89.2) 43,945 31,102 12,843 36,653 25,903 10,750 5,519 4,058 1,461 Other land transport accidents. . . . . . . (V01,

V05–V06,V09.1,V09.3–V09.9,V10–V11, V15–V18,V19.3,V19.8–V19.9,V80.0–V80.2,

V80.6–V80.9,V81.2–V81.9,V82.2–V82.9, V87.9,V88.9,V89.1,V89.3,V89.9) 1,083 856 227 852 676 176 165 129 36

Water, air and space, and other and unspecified transport accidents and their sequelae . . . . . . (V90–V99,Y85) 1,816 1,476 340 1,581 1,285 296 175 149 26

See footnotes at end of table.

44 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 19, May 20, 2010

All races White1 Black1

Both Both Both Cause of death (based on ICD–10, 2004) sexes Male Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Female

Nontransport accidents . . . . . . (W00–X59,Y86) 76,862 46,393 30,469 67,166 40,195 26,971 7,700 4,932 2,768 Falls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (W00–W19) 22,631 11,597 11,034 21,020 10,643 10,377 1,015 602 413 Accidental discharge of firearms. . (W32–W34) 613 537 76 468 406 62 127 114 13 Accidental drowning and

submersion . . . . . . . . . . . . . (W65–W74) 3,443 2,681 762 2,714 2,090 624 511 419 92 Accidental exposure to smoke, fire and

flames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X00–X09) 3,286 1,943 1,343 2,420 1,426 994 772 459 313 Accidental poisoning and exposure to

noxious substances . . . . . . . . . (X40–X49) 29,846 19,644 10,202 25,973 17,135 8,838 3,273 2,150 1,123 Other and unspecified nontransport

accidents and their sequelae. . . . . . . . (W20–W31,W35–W64,

W75–W99,X10–X39, X50–X59,Y86) 17,043 9,991 7,052 14,571 8,495 6,076 2,002 1,188 814

Intentional self-harm (suicide) . . . . . . . . . . . . (*U03,X60–X84,Y87.0) 34,598 27,269 7,329 31,348 24,725 6,623 1,958 1,606 352 Intentional self-harm (suicide) by discharge of

firearms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X72–X74) 17,352 15,181 2,171 16,009 13,986 2,023 987 881 106 Intentional self-harm (suicide) by other and

unspecified means and their sequelae . . . . (*U03,X60–X71,X75–X84,Y87.0) 17,246 12,088 5,158 15,339 10,739 4,600 971 725 246

Assault (homicide). . . (*U01–*U02,X85–Y09,Y87.1) 18,361 14,538 3,823 8,914 6,541 2,373 8,870 7,584 1,286 Assault (homicide) by discharge of

firearms . . . . . . . . . . . . . (*U01.4,X93–X95) 12,632 10,767 1,865 5,380 4,240 1,140 6,960 6,281 679 Assault (homicide) by other and

unspecified means and their sequelae . . . . . (*U01.0–*U01.3,*U01.5–*U01.9,

*U02,X85–X92,X96–Y09,Y87.1) 5,729 3,771 1,958 3,534 2,301 1,233 1,910 1,303 607 Legal intervention . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Y35,Y89.0) 412 400 12 276 267 9 127 124 3 Events of undetermined

intent. . . . . . . . . . . . . (Y10–Y34,Y87.2,Y89.9) 5,381 3,351 2,030 4,449 2,721 1,728 760 527 233 Discharge of firearms, undetermined

intent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Y22–Y24) 276 223 53 208 166 42 57 46 11 Other and unspecified events of

undetermined intent and their sequelae . . . (Y10–Y21,Y25–Y34,Y87.2,Y89.9) 5,105 3,128 1,977 4,241 2,555 1,686 703 481 222

Operations of war and their sequelae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Y36,Y89.1) 21 21 – 21 21 – – – –

Complications of medical and surgical care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Y40–Y84,Y88) 2,597 1,224 1,373 2,107 1,015 1,092 432 188 244

Enterocolitis due to Clostridium difficile . . (A04.7)7 6,372 2,399 3,973 5,904 2,215 3,689 395 151 244

See footnotes at end of table.

45 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 19, May 20, 2010

American Indian or Alaska Native1,2 Asian or Pacific Islander1,3

Both Both Cause of death (based on ICD–10, 2004) sexes Male Female sexes Male Female

All causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,367 7,885 6,482 45,609 23,823 21,786

Salmonella infections . . . . . . . . . . . (A01–A02) 1 1 – 2 1 1 Shigellosis and amebiasis . . . . . . . . . (A03,A06) – – – – – – Certain other intestinal infections . (A04,A07–A09) 31 13 18 50 22 28 Tuberculosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A16–A19) 12 5 7 77 45 32

Respiratory tuberculosis . . . . . . . . . . . . (A16) 8 3 5 63 37 26 Other tuberculosis . . . . . . . . . . . . (A17–A19) 4 2 2 14 8 6

Whooping cough . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A37) – – – – – – Scarlet fever and erysipelas . . . . . . . (A38,A46) 1 – 1 – – – Meningococcal infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A39) 2 1 1 1 1 – Septicemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A40–A41) 230 102 128 551 302 249 Syphilis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A50–A53) 1 1 – – – – Acute poliomyelitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A80) – – – – – – Arthropod-borne viral

encephalitis . . . . . . . . . . . . (A83–A84,A85.2) – – – – – – Measles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (B05) – – – – – – Viral hepatitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (B15–B19) 105 66 39 294 149 145 Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (B20–B24) 78 53 25 75 61 14 Malaria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (B50–B54) – – – 1 1 – Other and unspecified infectious and parasitic

diseases and their sequelae . . . . . . .(A00,A05, A20–A36,A42–A44,A48–A49,A54–A79,A81–A82,

A85.0–A85.1,A85.8,A86–B04,B06–B09, B25–B49,B55–B99) 51 29 22 157 83 74

Malignant neoplasms . . . . . . . . . . . (C00–C97) 2,561 1,345 1,216 12,326 6,394 5,932 Malignant neoplasms of lip, oral cavity and

pharynx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C00–C14) 43 26 17 242 160 82 Malignant neoplasm of esophagus . . . . . (C15) 52 43 9 209 159 50 Malignant neoplasm of stomach . . . . . . . (C16) 90 53 37 749 412 337 Malignant neoplasms of colon, rectum

and anus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C18–C21) 252 132 120 1,238 624 614 Malignant neoplasms of liver and

intrahepatic bile ducts . . . . . . . . . . . . (C22) 151 100 51 1,118 767 351 Malignant neoplasm of pancreas . . . . . . (C25) 143 75 68 809 390 419 Malignant neoplasm of larynx . . . . . . . . (C32) 21 18 3 49 42 7 Malignant neoplasms of trachea,

bronchus and lung . . . . . . . . . . . (C33–C34) 695 384 311 2,841 1,647 1,194 Malignant melanoma of skin . . . . . . . . . (C43) 22 14 8 45 25 20 Malignant neoplasm of breast . . . . . . . . (C50) 170 2 168 788 1 787 Malignant neoplasm of cervix uteri . . . . . (C53) 32 . . . 32 147 . . . 147 Malignant neoplasms of corpus uteri

and uterus, part unspecified . . . . . (C54–C55) 32 . . . 32 167 . . . 167 Malignant neoplasm of ovary . . . . . . . . (C56) 56 . . . 56 312 . . . 312 Malignant neoplasm of prostate . . . . . . . (C61) 105 105 . . . 414 414 . . . Malignant neoplasms of kidney and

renal pelvis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C64–C65) 102 71 31 237 153 84 Malignant neoplasm of bladder . . . . . . . (C67) 31 22 9 158 107 51 Malignant neoplasms of meninges,

brain and other parts of central nervous system . . . . . . . . . . . . (C70–C72) 44 24 20 222 128 94

Malignant neoplasms of lymphoid, hematopoietic and related tissue . . (C81–C96) 209 118 91 1,150 652 498 Hodgkin’s disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C81) 3 3 – 17 8 9 Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma . . . . . . (C82–C85) 77 42 35 480 272 208 Leukemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C91–C95) 78 42 36 435 248 187 Multiple myeloma and immunoproliferative

neoplasms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C88,C90) 49 29 20 217 123 94

See footnotes at end of table.

46 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 19, May 20, 2010

American Indian or Alaska Native1,2 Asian or Pacific Islander1,3

Both Both Cause of death (based on ICD–10, 2004) sexes Male Female sexes Male Female

Other and unspecified malignant neoplasms of lymphoid, hematopoietic and

related tissue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C96) 2 2 – 1 1 – All other and unspecified malignant

neoplasms . . . . . . (C17,C23–C24,C26–C31, C37–C41,C44–C49,C51–C52,C57–C60, C62–C63,C66,C68–C69,C73–C80,C97) 311 158 153 1,431 713 718

In situ neoplasms, benign neoplasms and neoplasms of uncertain or unknown behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (D00–D48) 51 26 25 308 166 142

Anemias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (D50–D64) 21 9 12 104 47 57 Diabetes mellitus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (E10–E14) 790 381 409 1,743 860 883 Nutritional deficiencies . . . . . . . . . . . (E40–E64) 26 10 16 58 22 36

Malnutrition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (E40–E46) 24 9 15 52 20 32 Other nutritional deficiencies . . . . . . (E50–E64) 2 1 1 6 2 4

Meningitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (G00,G03) 6 4 2 18 8 10 Parkinson’s disease . . . . . . . . . . . . (G20–G21) 55 32 23 337 190 147 Alzheimer’s disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (G30) 191 69 122 748 245 503 Major cardiovascular diseases . . . . . . . (I00–I78) 3,482 1,913 1,569 15,340 7,878 7,462

Diseases of heart . . . . (I00–I09,I11,I13,I20–I51) 2,648 1,520 1,128 10,574 5,724 4,850 Acute rheumatic fever and chronic

rheumatic heart diseases . . . . . . (I00–I09) 17 7 10 86 28 58 Hypertensive heart disease . . . . . . . . . (I11) 135 79 56 599 292 307 Hypertensive heart and renal disease . . . (I13) 8 4 4 90 38 52 Ischemic heart diseases . . . . . . . . (I20–I25) 1,777 1,048 729 7,414 4,178 3,236

Acute myocardial infarction . . . . . (I21–I22) 591 359 232 2,380 1,345 1,035 Other acute ischemic heart diseases . . (I24) 61 34 27 51 30 21 Other forms of chronic ischemic

heart disease . . . . . . . . . . . . (I20,I25) 1,125 655 470 4,983 2,803 2,180 Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease,

so described . . . . . . . . . . . . .(I25.0) 325 200 125 1,145 681 464 All other forms of chronic ischemic

heart disease . . . . . . . (I20,I25.1–I25.9) 800 455 345 3,838 2,122 1,716 Other heart diseases . . . . . . . . . . (I26–I51) 711 382 329 2,385 1,188 1,197

Acute and subacute endocarditis . . . . (I33) 14 9 5 21 11 10 Diseases of pericardium and acute

myocarditis . . . . . . . . . . . (I30–I31,I40) 4 3 1 20 11 9 Heart failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (I50) 188 85 103 513 226 287 All other forms of heart disease (I26–I28,

I34–I38,I42–I49,I51) 505 285 220 1,831 940 891 Essential hypertension and hypertensive

renal disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . (I10,I12,I15) 108 46 62 634 286 348 Cerebrovascular diseases . . . . . . . . (I60–I69) 586 267 319 3,586 1,581 2,005 Atherosclerosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (I70) 30 15 15 111 48 63 Other diseases of circulatory system . . (I71–I78) 110 65 45 435 239 196

Aortic aneurysm and dissection . . . . . . (I71) 60 41 19 321 187 134 Other diseases of arteries, arterioles and

capillaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (I72–I78) 50 24 26 114 52 62 Other disorders of circulatory system . . . (I80–I99) Influenza and pneumonia . . . . . . . . . (J09–J18)4

17 280

6 150

11 130

47 1,335

25 703

22 632

Influenza . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (J09–J11)4 5 2 3 6 3 3 Pneumonia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(J12–J18) 275 148 127 1,329 700 629

Other acute lower respiratory infections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (J20–J22,U04)5 2 1 1 3 2 1 Acute bronchitis and bronchiolitis . . . .(J20–J21) 2 1 1 2 2 – Other and unspecified acute lower respiratory

infections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (J22,U04)5,6 – – – 1 – 1 Chronic lower respiratory diseases . . . .(J40–J47) 611 299 312 1,331 795 536

Bronchitis, chronic and unspecified . . .(J40–J42) 2 1 1 17 10 7 Emphysema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (J43) 49 25 24 122 84 38 Asthma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(J45–J46) 34 12 22 135 67 68

See footnotes at end of table.

47 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 19, May 20, 2010

American Indian or Alaska Native1,2 Asian or Pacific Islander1,3

Both Both Cause of death (based on ICD–10, 2004) sexes Male Female sexes Male Female

Other chronic lower respiratory diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (J44,J47) 526 261 265 1,057 634 423

Pneumoconioses and chemical effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (J60–J66,J68) 1 1 – 1 – 1

Pneumonitis due to solids and liquids . . . . . (J69) 76 35 41 254 150 104 Other diseases of respiratory

system . . . . . . (J00–J06,J30–J39,J67,J70–J98) 214 114 100 548 278 270 Peptic ulcer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (K25–K28) 19 14 5 93 49 44 Diseases of appendix . . . . . . . . . . . (K35–K38) 3 2 1 16 8 8 Hernia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (K40–K46) 12 7 5 15 7 8 Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis . (K70,K73–K74) 709 415 294 408 253 155

Alcoholic liver disease . . . . . . . . . . . . (K70) 500 304 196 162 127 35 Other chronic liver disease and

cirrhosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (K73–K74) 209 111 98 246 126 120 Cholelithiasis and other disorders of

gallbladder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (K80–K82) 23 10 13 76 33 43 Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome and

nephrosis . . . . . . (N00–N07,N17–N19,N25–N27) 292 126 166 893 476 417 Acute and rapidly progressive nephritic and

nephrotic syndrome . . . . . . . (N00–N01,N04) – – – 3 2 1 Chronic glomerulonephritis, nephritis and

nephropathy not specified as acute or chronic, and renal sclerosis unspecified . . . . . . (N02–N03,N05–N07,N26) 15 5 10 73 39 34

Renal failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (N17–N19) 277 121 156 817 435 382 Other disorders of kidney . . . . . . . (N25,N27) – – – – – –

Infections of kidney . . . . (N10–N12,N13.6,N15.1) 10 3 7 13 6 7 Hyperplasia of prostate . . . . . . . . . . . . . (N40) 4 4 . . . 10 10 . . . Inflammatory diseases of female pelvic

organs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (N70–N76) 2 . . . 2 4 . . . 4 Pregnancy, childbirth and the

puerperium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (O00–O99) 18 . . . 18 35 . . . 35 Pregnancy with abortive outcome . . . (O00–O07) – . . . – 1 . . . 1 Other complications of pregnancy, childbirth

and the puerperium . . . . . . . . . . (O10–O99) 18 . . . 18 34 . . . 34 Certain conditions originating in the perinatal

period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (P00–P96) 158 83 75 499 290 209 Congenital malformations, deformations and

chromosomal abnormalities . . . . . . . (Q00–Q99) 124 62 62 335 172 163 Symptoms, signs and abnormal clinical and

laboratory findings, not elsewhere classified . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (R00–R99) 261 164 97 462 212 250

All other diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (residual) 1,412 669 743 3,462 1,555 1,907 Accidents (unintentional injuries) . . . . . (V01–X59,

Y85–Y86) 1,701 1,129 572 2,194 1,371 823 Transport accidents . . . . . . . . (V01–V99,Y85) 850 576 274 1,049 658 391

Motor-vehicle accidents . . . . . . . (V02–V04, V09.0,V09.2,V12–V14,V19.0–V19.2,

V19.4–V19.6,V20–V79,V80.3–V80.5, V81.0–V81.1,V82.0–V82.1,V83–V86,

V87.0–V87.8,V88.0–V88.8,V89.0,V89.2) 781 523 258 992 618 374 Other land transport accidents. (V01,V05–V06,

V09.1,V09.3–V09.9,V10–V11,V15–V18,V19.3, V19.8–V19.9,V80.0–V80.2,V80.6–V80.9,V81.2–V81.9,

V82.2–V82.9,V87.9,V88.9,V89.1,V89.3,V89.9) 39 31 8 27 20 7 Water, air and space, and other and

unspecified transport accidents and their sequelae . . . . . . . (V90–V99,Y85) 30 22 8 30 20 10

See footnotes at end of table.

48 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 19, May 20, 2010

American Indian or Alaska Native1,2 Asian or Pacific Islander1,3

Both Both Cause of death (based on ICD–10, 2004) sexes Male Female sexes Male Female

Nontransport accidents . . . . . . (W00–X59,Y86) 851 553 298 1,145 713 432 Falls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (W00–W19) 132 89 43 464 263 201 Accidental discharge of

firearms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (W32–W34) 11 10 1 7 7 – Accidental drowning and

submersion . . . . . . . . . . . . . (W65–W74) 67 57 10 151 115 36 Accidental exposure to smoke, fire and

flames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X00–X09) 42 24 18 52 34 18 Accidental poisoning and exposure to

noxious substances . . . . . . . . . (X40–X49) 375 213 162 225 146 79 Other and unspecified nontransport

accidents and their sequelae . . . (W20–W31, W35–W64,W75–W99,X10–X39,X50–X59,Y86) 224 160 64 246 148 98

Intentional self-harm (suicide) . . . . . . . . . . . . (*U03,X60–X84,Y87.0) 392 310 82 900 628 272 Intentional self-harm (suicide) by discharge of

firearms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X72–X74) 135 116 19 221 198 23 Intentional self-harm (suicide) by other and

unspecified means and their sequelae . . . . (*U03,X60–X71,X75–X84,Y87.0) 257 194 63 679 430 249

Assault (homicide). . . (*U01–*U02,X85–Y09,Y87.1) 220 163 57 357 250 107 Assault (homicide) by discharge of

firearms. . . . . . . . . . . . . (*U01.4,X93–X95) 91 78 13 201 168 33 Assault (homicide) by other and

unspecified means and their sequelae . . . . . (*U01.0–*U01.3,*U01.5–*U01.9,

*U02,X85–X92,X96–Y09,Y87.1) 129 85 44 156 82 74 Legal intervention . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Y35,Y89.0) 3 3 – 6 6 – Events of undetermined

intent . . . . . . . . . . . . (Y10–Y34,Y87.2,Y89.9) 92 51 41 80 52 28 Discharge of firearms, undetermined

intent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Y22–Y24) 6 6 – 5 5 – Other and unspecified events of

undetermined intent and their sequelae . . . (Y10–Y21,Y25–Y34,Y87.2,Y89.9) 86 45 41 75 47 28

Operations of war and their sequelae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Y36,Y89.1) – – – – – –

Complications of medical and surgical care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Y40–Y84,Y88) 16 4 12 42 17 25

Enterocolitis due to Clostridium difficile . . (A04.7)7 26 11 15 47 22 25

– Quantity zero. . . . Category not applicable. 1Race categories are consistent with the 1977 Office of Management and Budget (OMB) standards. Multiple–race data were reported by 27 states and the District of Columbia in 2007; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ The multiple-race data for these reporting areas were bridged to the single–race categories of the 1977 OMB standards for comparability with other reporting areas; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ 2Includes Aleuts and Eskimos. 3Includes Chinese, Filipino, Hawaiian, Japanese, and Other Asian or Pacific Islander. 4New ICD–10 code J09 (Influenza due to identified avian influenza virus) was added to the category in 2007. No deaths occurred from this cause in 2007. 5New ICD–10 code U04 (Severe acute respiratory syndrome [SARS]) was added to the category in 2007. No deaths occurred from this cause in 2007. 6Cause–of–death title was changed in 2007 to reflect the addition of SARS (ICD–10 code U04). 7Included in ‘‘Certain other intestinal infections (A04,A07–A09)’’ shown above. Beginning with data year 2006, ‘‘Enterocolitis due to Clostridium difficile (A04.7)’’ is shown separately at the bottom of tables showing 113 selected causes and is included in the list of rankable causes, see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’

49 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 19, May 20, 2010

Table 13. Number of deaths from 113 selected causes and Enterocolitis due to Clostridium difficile, by Hispanic origin, race for non-Hispanic population, and sex: United States, 2007 [Race and Hispanic origin are reported separately on the death certificate. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. Data for Hispanic persons are not tabulated separately by race; data for non-Hispanic persons are tabulated by race. Data for Hispanic origin should be interpreted with caution because of inconsistencies between reporting Hispanic origin on death certificates and on censuses and surveys; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ The asterisks (*) preceding the cause-of-death codes indicate that they are not part of the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD–10), Second Edition; see ‘‘Technical Notes’’]

All origins Hispanic Non-Hispanic1

Both Both Both Cause of death (based on ICD–10, 2004) sexes Male Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Female

All causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,423,712 1,203,968 1,219,744 135,519 75,708 59,811 2,284,446 1,125,974 1,158,472

Salmonella infections . . . . . . . . . . . . (A01–A02) 30 14 16 1 – 1 28 14 14 Shigellosis and amebiasis . . . . . . . . . . . (A03,A06) 4 2 2 2 2 – 2 – 2 Certain other intestinal infections . . .(A04,A07–A09) 6,758 2,541 4,217 277 118 159 6,477 2,421 4,056 Tuberculosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A16–A19) 554 342 212 92 63 29 459 278 181

Respiratory tuberculosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A16) 424 266 158 75 52 23 347 213 134 Other tuberculosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A17–A19) 130 76 54 17 11 6 112 65 47

Whooping cough . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A37) 9 1 8 6 1 5 3 – 3 Scarlet fever and erysipelas . . . . . . . . . (A38,A46) 3 1 2 1 – 1 2 1 1 Meningococcal infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A39) 87 48 39 9 5 4 78 43 35 Septicemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A40–A41) 34,828 15,839 18,989 1,894 944 950 32,865 14,857 18,008 Syphilis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A50–A53) 42 25 17 4 3 1 38 22 16 Acute poliomyelitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A80) – – – – – – – – – Arthropod-borne viral

encephalitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A83–A84,A85.2) 3 2 1 – – – 3 2 1 Measles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (B05) – – – – – – – – – Viral hepatitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (B15–B19) 7,407 4,910 2,497 1,121 758 363 6,264 4,137 2,127 Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (B20–B24) 11,295 8,097 3,198 1,516 1,180 336 9,726 6,874 2,852 Malaria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (B50–B54) 5 3 2 – – – 5 3 2 Other and unspecified infectious and parasitic

diseases and their sequelae . . . . . . . . (A00,A05, A20–A36,A42–A44,A48–A49, A54–A79,A81–A82,

A85.0–A85.1,A85.8, A86–B04,B06–B09, B25–B49,B55–B99) 5,825 2,982 2,843 505 272 233 5,313 2,707 2,606

Malignant neoplasms . . . . . . . . . . . . (C00–C97) 562,875 292,857 270,018 27,660 14,493 13,167 534,614 278,027 256,587 Malignant neoplasms of lip, oral cavity

and pharynx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C00–C14) 8,067 5,510 2,557 364 260 104 7,693 5,242 2,451 Malignant neoplasm of esophagus . . . . . . . (C15) 13,592 10,750 2,842 483 403 80 13,096 10,337 2,759 Malignant neoplasm of stomach . . . . . . . . . (C16) 11,388 6,757 4,631 1,305 759 546 10,075 5,991 4,084 Malignant neoplasms of colon, rectum

and anus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C18–C21) 53,586 27,125 26,461 2,804 1,509 1,295 50,719 25,581 25,138 Malignant neoplasms of liver and

intrahepatic bile ducts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C22) 17,146 11,343 5,803 1,903 1,256 647 15,217 10,067 5,150 Malignant neoplasm of pancreas . . . . . . . . . (C25) 34,117 17,132 16,985 1,779 869 910 32,300 16,240 16,060 Malignant neoplasm of larynx . . . . . . . . . . (C32) 3,634 2,890 744 164 147 17 3,461 2,737 724 Malignant neoplasms of trachea,

bronchus and lung . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C33–C34) 158,760 88,372 70,388 4,622 2,822 1,800 153,972 85,451 68,521 Malignant melanoma of skin . . . . . . . . . . . (C43) 8,461 5,506 2,955 194 112 82 8,262 5,390 2,872 Malignant neoplasm of breast . . . . . . . . . . (C50) 40,970 371 40,599 2,092 16 2,076 38,842 355 38,487 Malignant neoplasm of cervix uteri . . . . . . . (C53) 4,021 . . . 4,021 473 . . . 473 3,546 . . . 3,546 Malignant neoplasms of corpus uteri

and uterus, part unspecified . . . . . . . . (C54–C55) 7,456 . . . 7,456 397 . . . 397 7,049 . . . 7,049 Malignant neoplasm of ovary . . . . . . . . . . . (C56) 14,621 . . . 14,621 773 . . . 773 13,837 . . . 13,837 Malignant neoplasm of prostate . . . . . . . . . (C61) 29,093 29,093 . . . 1,432 1,432 . . . 27,633 27,633 . . . Malignant neoplasms of kidney and

renal pelvis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C64–C65) 12,703 7,964 4,739 867 579 288 11,824 7,378 4,446 Malignant neoplasm of bladder . . . . . . . . . . (C67) 13,843 9,644 4,199 477 348 129 13,355 9,288 4,067 Malignant neoplasms of meninges,

brain and other parts of central nervous system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C70–C72) 13,234 7,315 5,919 815 437 378 12,407 6,873 5,534

Malignant neoplasms of lymphoid, hematopoietic and related tissue . . . . . (C81–C96) 54,991 30,198 24,793 3,289 1,760 1,529 51,639 28,412 23,227

Hodgkin’s disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C81) 1,271 706 565 126 66 60 1,144 640 504 Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma . . . . . . . (C82–C85) 20,528 11,004 9,524 1,224 655 569 19,283 10,339 8,944 Leukemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C91–C95) 21,825 12,388 9,437 1,279 696 583 20,521 11,679 8,842 Multiple myeloma and immunoproliferative

neoplasms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C88,C90) 11,307 6,066 5,241 660 343 317 10,631 5,720 4,911

See footnotes at end of table.

50 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 19, May 20, 2010

Table 13. Number of deaths from 113 selected causes and Enterocolitis due to Clostridium difficile, by Hispanic origin, race for non-Hispanic population, and sex: United States, 2007—Con. [Race and Hispanic origin are reported separately on the death certificate. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. Data for Hispanic persons are not tabulated separately by race; data for non-Hispanic persons are tabulated by race. Data for Hispanic origin should be interpreted with caution because of inconsistencies between reporting Hispanic origin on death certificates and on censuses and surveys; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ The asterisks (*) preceding the cause-of-death codes indicate that they are not part of the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD–10), Second Edition; see ‘‘Technical Notes’’]

All origins Hispanic Non-Hispanic1

Both Both Both Cause of death (based on ICD–10, 2004) sexes Male Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Female

Other and unspecified malignant neoplasms of lymphoid, hematopoietic and related tissue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C96) 60 34 26 – – – 60 34 26 All other and unspecified malignant

neoplasms . . . . . . . .(C17,C23–C24,C26–C31, C37–C41,C44–C49,C51–C52,C57–C60, C62–C63,C66,C68–C69,C73–C80,C97) 63,192 32,887 30,305 3,427 1,784 1,643 59,687 31,052 28,635

In situ neoplasms, benign neoplasms and neoplasms of uncertain or unknown behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (D00–D48) 14,204 7,256 6,948 696 329 367 13,495 6,918 6,577

Anemias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (D50–D64) 4,829 1,940 2,889 217 106 111 4,604 1,828 2,776 Diabetes mellitus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (E10–E14) 71,382 35,478 35,904 6,417 3,199 3,218 64,863 32,226 32,637 Nutritional deficiencies . . . . . . . . . . . . (E40–E64) 2,852 1,071 1,781 115 40 75 2,734 1,029 1,705

Malnutrition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (E40–E46) 2,644 991 1,653 108 38 70 2,533 951 1,582 Other nutritional deficiencies . . . . . . . (E50–E64) 208 80 128 7 2 5 201 78 123

Meningitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (G00,G03) 655 346 309 71 36 35 583 310 273 Parkinson’s disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . (G20–G21) 20,058 11,554 8,504 771 442 329 19,276 11,109 8,167 Alzheimer’s disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (G30) 74,632 21,800 52,832 2,471 801 1,670 72,101 20,976 51,125 Major cardiovascular diseases . . . . . . . . (I00–I78) 806,156 388,049 418,107 38,694 20,236 18,458 766,265 367,072 399,193

Diseases of heart . . . . . (I00–I09,I11,I13,I20–I51) 616,067 309,821 306,246 29,021 15,657 13,364 586,077 293,547 292,530 Acute rheumatic fever and chronic

rheumatic heart diseases . . . . . . . (I00–I09) 3,201 1,026 2,175 155 52 103 3,042 971 2,071 Hypertensive heart disease . . . . . . . . . . (I11) 30,780 14,249 16,531 1,710 919 791 28,991 13,276 15,715 Hypertensive heart and renal disease . . . . (I13) 2,987 1,318 1,669 193 97 96 2,792 1,220 1,572 Ischemic heart diseases . . . . . . . . . (I20–I25) 406,351 216,050 190,301 20,452 11,303 9,149 385,210 204,295 180,915

Acute myocardial infarction . . . . . . (I21–I22) 132,968 71,712 61,256 6,792 3,767 3,025 126,005 67,829 58,176 Other acute ischemic heart diseases . . . (I24) 4,092 2,159 1,933 113 65 48 3,970 2,086 1,884 Other forms of chronic ischemic

heart disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (I20,I25) 269,291 142,179 127,112 13,547 7,471 6,076 255,235 134,380 120,855 Atherosclerotic cardiovascular

disease, so described . . . . . . . . . (I25.0) 59,051 33,401 25,650 3,233 2,059 1,174 55,559 31,155 24,404 All other forms of chronic ischemic

heart disease . . . . . . . . (I20,I25.1–I25.9) 210,240 108,778 101,462 10,314 5,412 4,902 199,676 103,225 96,451 Other heart diseases . . . . . . . . . . . (I26–I51) 172,748 77,178 95,570 6,511 3,286 3,225 166,042 73,785 92,257

Acute and subacute endocarditis . . . . . (I33) 1,225 718 507 79 54 25 1,145 663 482 Diseases of pericardium and acute

myocarditis . . . . . . . . . . . . (I30–I31,I40) 867 454 413 66 42 24 800 412 388 Heart failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (I50) 56,565 22,914 33,651 1,890 844 1,046 54,628 22,047 32,581 All other forms of heart disease . (I26–I28,

I34–I38,I42–I49,I51) 114,091 53,092 60,999 4,476 2,346 2,130 109,469 50,663 58,806 Essential hypertension and hypertensive renal

disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (I10,I12,I15) 23,965 9,417 14,548 1,395 639 756 22,542 8,768 13,774 Cerebrovascular diseases . . . . . . . . . (I60–I69) 135,952 54,111 81,841 7,078 3,319 3,759 128,705 50,697 78,008 Atherosclerosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (I70) 8,232 3,220 5,012 326 138 188 7,898 3,078 4,820 Other diseases of circulatory system . . . (I71–I78) 21,940 11,480 10,460 874 483 391 21,043 10,982 10,061

Aortic aneurysm and dissection . . . . . . . (I71) 12,986 7,543 5,443 472 295 177 12,505 7,241 5,264 Other diseases of arteries, arterioles and

capillaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (I72–I78) 8,954 3,937 5,017 402 188 214 8,538 3,741 4,797 Other disorders of circulatory system . . . . (I80–I99) 4,101 1,902 2,199 241 123 118 3,847 1,772 2,075 Influenza and pneumonia . . . . . . . . . . (J09–J18)4 52,717 24,071 28,646 2,735 1,361 1,374 49,896 22,662 27,234

Influenza . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (J09–J11)4 411 187 224 32 18 14 378 168 210 Pneumonia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (J12–J18) 52,306 23,884 28,422 2,703 1,343 1,360 49,518 22,494 27,024

Other acute lower respiratory infections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (J20–J22,U04)5 255 121 134 23 12 11 232 109 123 Acute bronchitis and bronchiolitis . . . . . (J20–J21) 213 104 109 23 12 11 190 92 98 Other and unspecified acute lower respiratory

infections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (J22,U04)5,6 42 17 25 – – – 42 17 25 Chronic lower respiratory diseases . . . . . (J40–J47) 127,924 61,235 66,689 3,531 1,894 1,637 124,217 59,234 64,983

Bronchitis, chronic and unspecified . . . . (J40–J42) 667 273 394 37 21 16 629 251 378 Emphysema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(J43) 12,790 6,598 6,192 294 181 113 12,473 6,403 6,070 Asthma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (J45–J46) 3,447 1,274 2,173 239 109 130 3,207 1,164 2,043

See footnotes at end of table.

51 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 19, May 20, 2010

Table 13. Number of deaths from 113 selected causes and Enterocolitis due to Clostridium difficile, by Hispanic origin, race for non-Hispanic population, and sex: United States, 2007—Con. [Race and Hispanic origin are reported separately on the death certificate. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. Data for Hispanic persons are not tabulated separately by race; data for non-Hispanic persons are tabulated by race. Data for Hispanic origin should be interpreted with caution because of inconsistencies between reporting Hispanic origin on death certificates and on censuses and surveys; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ The asterisks (*) preceding the cause-of-death codes indicate that they are not part of the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD–10), Second Edition; see ‘‘Technical Notes’’]

All origins Hispanic Non-Hispanic1

Both Both Both Cause of death (based on ICD–10, 2004) sexes Male Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Female

Other chronic lower respiratory diseases (J44,J47) 111,020 53,090 57,930 2,961 1,583 1,378 107,908 51,416 56,492 Pneumoconioses and chemical

effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (J60–J66,J68) 915 875 40 21 20 1 893 855 38 Pneumonitis due to solids and liquids . . . . . . .(J69) 16,988 8,934 8,054 545 291 254 16,420 8,628 7,792 Other diseases of respiratory

system . . . . . . . .(J00–J06,J30–J39,J67,J70–J98) 28,508 14,291 14,217 1,721 892 829 26,757 13,380 13,377 Peptic ulcer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (K25–K28) 3,045 1,469 1,576 152 90 62 2,890 1,377 1,513 Diseases of appendix . . . . . . . . . . . . (K35–K38) 426 259 167 28 17 11 397 241 156 Hernia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (K40–K46) 1,698 708 990 97 37 60 1,597 669 928 Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis . .(K70,K73–K74) 29,165 19,151 10,014 3,913 2,799 1,114 25,190 16,299 8,891

Alcoholic liver disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . (K70) 14,406 10,549 3,857 2,129 1,776 353 12,240 8,740 3,500 Other chronic liver disease and

cirrhosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (K73–K74) 14,759 8,602 6,157 1,784 1,023 761 12,950 7,559 5,391 Cholelithiasis and other disorders of

gallbladder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (K80–K82) 3,237 1,441 1,796 237 121 116 2,997 1,319 1,678 Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome and

nephrosis . . . . . . . (N00–N07,N17–N19,N25–N27) 46,448 22,616 23,832 2,691 1,363 1,328 43,694 21,216 22,478 Acute and rapidly progressive nephritic and

nephrotic syndrome . . . . . . . . (N00–N01,N04) 206 111 95 25 12 13 181 99 82 Chronic glomerulonephritis, nephritis and

nephropathy not specified as acute or chronic, and renal sclerosis unspecified . . . . . . . (N02–N03,N05–N07,N26) 2,958 1,452 1,506 170 94 76 2,787 1,357 1,430

Renal failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (N17–N19) 43,263 21,038 22,225 2,495 1,257 1,238 40,706 19,745 20,961 Other disorders of kidney . . . . . . . . (N25,N27) 21 15 6 1 – 1 20 15 5

Infections of kidney . . . . . (N10–N12,N13.6,N15.1) 628 214 414 48 11 37 579 203 376 Hyperplasia of prostate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (N40) 491 491 . . . 30 30 . . . 458 458 . . . Inflammatory diseases of female pelvic

organs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (N70–N76) 116 . . . 116 6 . . . 6 110 . . . 110 Pregnancy, childbirth and the

puerperium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (O00–O99) 769 . . . 769 134 . . . 134 634 . . . 634 Pregnancy with abortive outcome . . . . (O00–O07) 31 . . . 31 5 . . . 5 26 . . . 26 Other complications of pregnancy, childbirth

and the puerperium . . . . . . . . . . . (O10–O99) 738 . . . 738 129 . . . 129 608 . . . 608 Certain conditions originating in the perinatal

period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (P00–P96) 14,599 8,218 6,381 2,946 1,643 1,303 11,525 6,502 5,023 Congenital malformations, deformations and

chromosomal abnormalities . . . . . . . . (Q00–Q99) 10,421 5,455 4,966 1,991 1,063 928 8,392 4,371 4,021 Symptoms, signs and abnormal clinical and

laboratory findings, not elsewhere classified . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (R00–R99) 33,500 14,282 19,218 1,952 1,134 818 31,464 13,099 18,365

All other diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (residual) 238,192 96,447 141,745 11,711 5,534 6,177 226,142 90,742 135,400 Accidents (unintentional injuries) (V01–X59,

Y85–Y86) 123,706 79,827 43,879 11,723 8,844 2,879 111,641 70,739 40,902 Transport accidents . . . . . . . . . .(V01–V99,Y85) 46,844 33,434 13,410 6,117 4,641 1,476 40,604 28,695 11,909

Motor-vehicle accidents . . . . . . . . (V02–V04, V09.0,V09.2,V12–V14,V19.0–V19.2,

V19.4–V19.6,V20–V79,V80.3–V80.5, V81.0–V81.1,V82.0–V82.1,V83–V86,

V87.0–V87.8,V88.0–V88.8,V89.0,V89.2) 43,945 31,102 12,843 5,824 4,390 1,434 38,013 26,626 11,387 Other land transport accidents . . . . . . . (V01,

V05–V06,V09.1,V09.3–V09.9,V10–V11, V15–V18,V19.3,V19.8–V19.9,V80.0–V80.2,

V80.6–V80.9,V81.2–V81.9,V82.2–V82.9, V87.9,V88.9,V89.1,V89.3,V89.9) 1,083 856 227 167 144 23 907 705 202

Water, air and space, and other and unspecified transport accidents and their sequelae . . . . . . . .(V90–V99,Y85) 1,816 1,476 340 126 107 19 1,684 1,364 320

See footnotes at end of table.

52 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 19, May 20, 2010

Table 13. Number of deaths from 113 selected causes and Enterocolitis due to Clostridium difficile, by Hispanic origin, race for non-Hispanic population, and sex: United States, 2007—Con. [Race and Hispanic origin are reported separately on the death certificate. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. Data for Hispanic persons are not tabulated separately by race; data for non-Hispanic persons are tabulated by race. Data for Hispanic origin should be interpreted with caution because of inconsistencies between reporting Hispanic origin on death certificates and on censuses and surveys; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ The asterisks (*) preceding the cause-of-death codes indicate that they are not part of the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD–10), Second Edition; see ‘‘Technical Notes’’]

All origins Hispanic Non-Hispanic1

Both Both Both Cause of death (based on ICD–10, 2004) sexes Male Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Female

Nontransport accidents . . . . . . . (W00–X59,Y86) 76,862 46,393 30,469 5,606 4,203 1,403 71,037 42,044 28,993 Falls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (W00–W19) 22,631 11,597 11,034 1,212 762 450 21,374 10,803 10,571 Accidental discharge of firearms. . . .(W32–W34) 613 537 76 65 58 7 548 479 69 Accidental drowning and

submersion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(W65–W74) 3,443 2,681 762 480 410 70 2,946 2,256 690 Accidental exposure to smoke, fire and

flames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X00–X09) 3,286 1,943 1,343 230 150 80 3,041 1,786 1,255 Accidental poisoning and exposure to

noxious substances . . . . . . . . . . (X40–X49) 29,846 19,644 10,202 2,436 1,943 493 27,307 17,640 9,667 Other and unspecified nontransport

accidents and their sequelae . . . . (W20–W31, W35–W64,W75–W99,X10–X39,X50–X59,Y86) 17,043 9,991 7,052 1,183 880 303 15,821 9,080 6,741

Intentional self-harm (suicide) . . . . . . . . . . . . . (*U03,X60–X84,Y87.0) 34,598 27,269 7,329 2,465 2,078 387 32,061 25,133 6,928 Intentional self-harm (suicide) by

discharge of firearms . . . . . . . . . . . (X72–X74) 17,352 15,181 2,171 931 855 76 16,386 14,295 2,091 Intentional self-harm (suicide) by other and

unspecified means and their sequelae . . . . . (*U03,X60–X71,X75–X84,Y87.0) 17,246 12,088 5,158 1,534 1,223 311 15,675 10,838 4,837

Assault (homicide). . . . .(*U01–*U02,X85–Y09,Y87.1) 18,361 14,538 3,823 3,466 2,926 540 14,798 11,529 3,269 Assault (homicide) by discharge of

firearms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . (*U01.4,X93–X95) 12,632 10,767 1,865 2,385 2,133 252 10,193 8,584 1,609 Assault (homicide) by other and

unspecified means and their sequelae . . . . . (*U01.0–*U01.3,*U01.5–*U01.9,

*U02,X85–X92,X96–Y09,Y87.1) 5,729 3,771 1,958 1,081 793 288 4,605 2,945 1,660 Legal intervention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(Y35,Y89.0) 412 400 12 95 95 – 316 304 12 Events of undetermined

intent. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Y10–Y34,Y87.2,Y89.9) 5,381 3,351 2,030 331 232 99 5,030 3,105 1,925 Discharge of firearms, undetermined

intent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Y22–Y24) 276 223 53 31 29 2 244 193 51 Other and unspecified events of

undetermined intent and their sequelae . . . . . (Y10–Y21,Y25–Y34,Y87.2,Y89.9) 5,105 3,128 1,977 300 203 97 4,786 2,912 1,874

Operations of war and their sequelae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(Y36,Y89.1) 21 21 – 3 3 – 18 18 –

Complications of medical and surgical care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(Y40–Y84,Y88) 2,597 1,224 1,373 143 67 76 2,453 1,156 1,297

Enterocolitis due to Clostridium difficile . . . . (A04.7)7 6,372 2,399 3,973 250 107 143 6,119 2,291 3,828

See footnotes at end of table.

53 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 19, May 20, 2010

Table 13. Number of deaths from 113 selected causes and Enterocolitis due to Clostridium difficile, by Hispanic origin, race for non-Hispanic population, and sex: United States, 2007—Con. [Race and Hispanic origin are reported separately on the death certificate. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. Data for Hispanic persons are not tabulated separately by race; data for non-Hispanic persons are tabulated by race. Data for Hispanic origin should be interpreted with caution because of inconsistencies between reporting Hispanic origin on death certificates and on censuses and surveys; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ The asterisks (*) preceding the cause-of-death codes indicate that they are not part of the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD–10), Second Edition; see ‘‘Technical Notes’’]

Non-Hispanic white2 Non-Hispanic black2 Origin not stated3

Both Both Both Cause of death (based on ICD–10, 2004) sexes Male Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Female

All causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,939,606 948,662 990,944 286,366 146,474 139,892 3,747 2,286 1,461

Salmonella infections . . . . . . . . . . . . (A01–A02) 22 11 11 3 1 2 1 – 1 Shigellosis and amebiasis . . . . . . . . . . . (A03,A06) 1 – 1 1 – 1 – – – Certain other intestinal infections . . .(A04,A07–A09) 5,978 2,228 3,750 420 158 262 4 2 2 Tuberculosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A16–A19) 250 146 104 121 82 39 3 1 2

Respiratory tuberculosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A16) 187 112 75 89 61 28 2 1 1 Other tuberculosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A17–A19) 63 34 29 32 21 11 1 – 1

Whooping cough . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A37) 3 – 3 – – – – – – Scarlet fever and erysipelas . . . . . . . . . (A38,A46) 1 1 – – – – – – – Meningococcal infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A39) 49 27 22 26 14 12 – – – Septicemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A40–A41) 25,856 11,653 14,203 6,241 2,807 3,434 69 38 31 Syphilis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A50–A53) 16 9 7 21 12 9 – – – Acute poliomyelitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A80) – – – – – – – – – Arthropod-borne viral encephalitis . (A83–A84,A85.2) 2 1 1 1 1 – – – – Measles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (B05) – – – – – – – – – Viral hepatitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (B15–B19) 4,855 3,256 1,599 1,025 673 352 22 15 7 Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (B20–B24) 3,182 2,638 544 6,398 4,127 2,271 53 43 10 Malaria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (B50–B54) 3 2 1 1 – 1 – – – Other and unspecified infectious and parasitic

diseases and their sequelae . . . . . . . . (A00,A05, A20–A36,A42–A44,A48–A49, A54–A79,A81–A82,

A85.0–A85.1,A85.8, A86–B04,B06–B09, B25–B49,B55–B99) 4,357 2,208 2,149 758 392 366 7 3 4

Malignant neoplasms . . . . . . . . . . . . (C00–C97) 456,576 237,672 218,904 63,441 32,766 30,675 601 337 264 Malignant neoplasms of lip, oral cavity

and pharynx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C00–C14) 6,361 4,296 2,065 1,054 763 291 10 8 2 Malignant neoplasm of esophagus . . . . . . (C15) 11,393 9,083 2,310 1,445 1,054 391 13 10 3 Malignant neoplasm of stomach . . . . . . . . (C16) 7,272 4,355 2,917 1,973 1,175 798 8 7 1 Malignant neoplasms of colon, rectum

and anus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C18–C21) 42,410 21,431 20,979 6,853 3,412 3,441 63 35 28 Malignant neoplasms of liver and

intrahepatic bile ducts . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C22) 11,722 7,639 4,083 2,243 1,575 668 26 20 6 Malignant neoplasm of pancreas . . . . . . . (C25) 27,336 13,905 13,431 4,033 1,878 2,155 38 23 15 Malignant neoplasm of larynx . . . . . . . . . (C32) 2,741 2,137 604 651 541 110 9 6 3 Malignant neoplasms of trachea,

bronchus and lung . . . . . . . . . . . . (C33–C34) 134,134 73,717 60,417 16,360 9,744 6,616 166 99 67 Malignant melanoma of skin . . . . . . . . . . (C43) 8,063 5,294 2,769 133 57 76 5 4 1 Malignant neoplasm of breast . . . . . . . . . (C50) 32,106 300 31,806 5,800 52 5,748 36 – 36 Malignant neoplasm of cervix uteri . . . . . . (C53) 2,576 . . . 2,576 796 . . . 796 2 . . . 2 Malignant neoplasms of corpus uteri and

uterus, part unspecified . . . . . . . . . (C54–C55) 5,570 . . . 5,570 1,283 . . . 1,283 10 . . . 10 Malignant neoplasm of ovary . . . . . . . . . (C56) 12,330 . . . 12,330 1,150 . . . 1,150 11 . . . 11 Malignant neoplasm of prostate . . . . . . . . (C61) 22,259 22,259 . . . 4,865 4,865 . . . 28 28 . . . Malignant neoplasms of kidney and

renal pelvis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C64–C65) 10,286 6,422 3,864 1,211 739 472 12 7 5 Malignant neoplasm of bladder . . . . . . . . (C67) 12,139 8,600 3,539 1,030 562 468 11 8 3 Malignant neoplasms of meninges,

brain and other parts of central nervous system . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C70–C72) 11,375 6,328 5,047 773 397 376 12 5 7

Malignant neoplasms of lymphoid, hematopoietic and related tissue . . . (C81–C96) 45,120 25,020 20,100 5,189 2,638 2,551 63 26 37 Hodgkin’s disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C81) 997 555 442 127 74 53 1 – 1 Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma . . . . . . . (C82–C85) 17,356 9,284 8,072 1,379 745 634 21 10 11 Leukemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C91–C95) 18,213 10,454 7,759 1,805 940 865 25 13 12 Multiple myeloma and immunoproliferative

neoplasms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C88,C90) 8,508 4,703 3,805 1,867 872 995 16 3 13 Other and unspecified malignant

neoplasms of lymphoid, hematopoietic and related tissue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C96) 46 24 22 11 7 4 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.

54 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 19, May 20, 2010

Table 13. Number of deaths from 113 selected causes and Enterocolitis due to Clostridium difficile, by Hispanic origin, race for non-Hispanic population, and sex: United States, 2007—Con. [Race and Hispanic origin are reported separately on the death certificate. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. Data for Hispanic persons are not tabulated separately by race; data for non-Hispanic persons are tabulated by race. Data for Hispanic origin should be interpreted with caution because of inconsistencies between reporting Hispanic origin on death certificates and on censuses and surveys; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ The asterisks (*) preceding the cause-of-death codes indicate that they are not part of the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD–10), Second Edition; see ‘‘Technical Notes’’]

Non-Hispanic white2 Non-Hispanic black2 Origin not stated3

Both Both Both Cause of death (based on ICD–10, 2004) sexes Male Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Female

All other and unspecified malignant neoplasms . . . . . . . .(C17,C23–C24,C26–C31,

C37–C41,C44–C49,C51–C52,C57–C60, C62–C63,C66,C68–C69,C73–C80,C97) 51,383 26,886 24,497 6,599 3,314 3,285 78 51 27

In situ neoplasms, benign neoplasms and neoplasms of uncertain or unknown behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (D00–D48) 11,965 6,141 5,824 1,178 586 592 13 9 4

Anemias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (D50–D64) 3,523 1,343 2,180 958 430 528 8 6 2 Diabetes mellitus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (E10–E14) 50,046 25,584 24,462 12,343 5,434 6,909 102 53 49 Nutritional deficiencies . . . . . . . . . . . . (E40–E64) 2,260 834 1,426 391 163 228 3 2 1

Malnutrition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (E40–E46) 2,084 763 1,321 373 159 214 3 2 1 Other nutritional deficiencies . . . . . . . (E50–E64) 176 71 105 18 4 14 – – –

Meningitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (G00,G03) 428 222 206 132 77 55 1 – 1 Parkinson’s disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . (G20–G21) 18,098 10,457 7,641 789 431 358 11 3 8 Alzheimer’s disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (G30) 66,453 19,378 47,075 4,729 1,293 3,436 60 23 37 Major cardiovascular diseases . . . . . . . . (I00–I78) 652,763 311,345 341,418 95,059 46,159 48,900 1,197 741 456

Diseases of heart . . . . . (I00–I09,I11,I13,I20–I51) 502,683 251,229 251,454 70,443 35,243 35,200 969 617 352 Acute rheumatic fever and chronic

rheumatic heart diseases . . . . . . . (I00–I09) 2,698 853 1,845 242 83 159 4 3 1 Hypertensive heart disease . . . . . . . . . . (I11) 21,244 9,292 11,952 7,023 3,618 3,405 79 54 25 Hypertensive heart and renal disease . . . . (I13) 1,874 769 1,105 820 409 411 2 1 1 Ischemic heart diseases . . . . . . . . . (I20–I25) 334,047 177,716 156,331 42,152 21,473 20,679 689 452 237

Acute myocardial infarction . . . . . . (I21–I22) 109,134 59,246 49,888 13,967 6,923 7,044 171 116 55 Other acute ischemic heart diseases . . . (I24) 3,331 1,728 1,603 530 296 234 9 8 1 Other forms of chronic ischemic heart

disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (I20,I25) 221,582 116,742 104,840 27,655 14,254 13,401 509 328 181 Atherosclerotic cardiovascular

disease, so described . . . . . . . . . (I25.0) 45,326 25,224 20,102 8,796 5,070 3,726 259 187 72 All other forms of chronic ischemic

heart disease . . . . . . . . (I20,I25.1–I25.9) 176,256 91,518 84,738 18,859 9,184 9,675 250 141 109 Other heart diseases . . . . . . . . . . . (I26–I51) 142,820 62,599 80,221 20,206 9,660 10,546 195 107 88

Acute and subacute endocarditis . . . . . (I33) 889 500 389 222 143 79 1 1 – Diseases of pericardium and acute

myocarditis . . . . . . . . . . . . (I30–I31,I40) 633 324 309 143 74 69 1 – 1 Heart failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (I50) 48,480 19,413 29,067 5,464 2,328 3,136 47 23 24 All other forms of heart disease . (I26–I28,

I34–I38,I42–I49,I51) 92,818 42,362 50,456 14,377 7,115 7,262 146 83 63 Essential hypertension and hypertensive

renal disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (I10,I12,I15) 17,216 6,480 10,736 4,597 1,963 2,634 28 10 18 Cerebrovascular diseases . . . . . . . . . (I60–I69) 107,678 41,416 66,262 16,934 7,470 9,464 169 95 74 Atherosclerosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (I70) 7,119 2,758 4,361 643 259 384 8 4 4 Other diseases of circulatory system . . . (I71–I78) 18,067 9,462 8,605 2,442 1,224 1,218 23 15 8

Aortic aneurysm and dissection . . . . . . . (I71) 10,890 6,325 4,565 1,241 694 547 9 7 2 Other diseases of arteries, arterioles and

capillaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (I72–I78) 7,177 3,137 4,040 1,201 530 671 14 8 6 Other disorders of circulatory system . . . . (I80–I99) 3,092 1,398 1,694 692 344 348 13 7 6 Influenza and pneumonia . . . . . . . . . . (J09–J18)4 43,219 19,361 23,858 5,091 2,464 2,627 86 48 38

Influenza . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (J09–J11)4 342 151 191 26 13 13 1 1 – Pneumonia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (J12–J18) 42,877 19,210 23,667 5,065 2,451 2,614 85 47 38

Other acute lower respiratory infections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (J20–J22,U04)5 195 90 105 32 16 16 – – – Acute bronchitis and bronchiolitis . . . . . (J20–J21) 158 74 84 28 15 13 – – – Other and unspecified acute lower respiratory

infections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (J22,U04)5,6 37 16 21 4 1 3 – – – Chronic lower respiratory diseases . . . . . (J40–J47) 114,480 53,989 60,491 7,830 4,167 3,663 176 107 69

Bronchitis, chronic and unspecified . . . . (J40–J42) 554 216 338 56 24 32 1 1 – Emphysema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(J43) 11,575 5,840 5,735 728 455 273 23 14 9 Asthma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (J45–J46) 2,151 686 1,465 893 402 491 1 1 –

See footnotes at end of table.

55 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 19, May 20, 2010

Table 13. Number of deaths from 113 selected causes and Enterocolitis due to Clostridium difficile, by Hispanic origin, race for non-Hispanic population, and sex: United States, 2007—Con. [Race and Hispanic origin are reported separately on the death certificate. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. Data for Hispanic persons are not tabulated separately by race; data for non-Hispanic persons are tabulated by race. Data for Hispanic origin should be interpreted with caution because of inconsistencies between reporting Hispanic origin on death certificates and on censuses and surveys; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ The asterisks (*) preceding the cause-of-death codes indicate that they are not part of the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD–10), Second Edition; see ‘‘Technical Notes’’]

Non-Hispanic white2 Non-Hispanic black2 Origin not stated3

Both Both Both Cause of death (based on ICD–10, 2004) sexes Male Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Female

Other chronic lower respiratory diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (J44,J47) 100,200 47,247 52,953 6,153 3,286 2,867 151 91 60

Pneumoconioses and chemical effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (J60–J66,J68) 846 812 34 45 42 3 1 – 1

Pneumonitis due to solids and liquids . . . . . . .(J69) 14,680 7,713 6,967 1,418 732 686 23 15 8 Other diseases of respiratory

system . . . . . . . .(J00–J06,J30–J39,J67,J70–J98) 23,453 11,754 11,699 2,561 1,244 1,317 30 19 11 Peptic ulcer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (K25–K28) 2,476 1,142 1,334 302 172 130 3 2 1 Diseases of appendix . . . . . . . . . . . . (K35–K38) 315 193 122 64 39 25 1 1 – Hernia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (K40–K46) 1,407 571 836 164 84 80 4 2 2 Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis . .(K70,K73–K74) 21,598 14,007 7,591 2,525 1,662 863 62 53 9

Alcoholic liver disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . (K70) 10,423 7,494 2,929 1,191 843 348 37 33 4 Other chronic liver disease and

cirrhosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (K73–K74) 11,175 6,513 4,662 1,334 819 515 25 20 5 Cholelithiasis and other disorders of

gallbladder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (K80–K82) 2,606 1,160 1,446 294 117 177 3 1 2 Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome and

nephrosis . . . . . . . (N00–N07,N17–N19,N25–N27) 34,219 16,896 17,323 8,318 3,730 4,588 63 37 26 Acute and rapidly progressive nephritic and

nephrotic syndrome . . . . . . . . (N00–N01,N04) 144 79 65 35 18 17 – – – Chronic glomerulonephritis, nephritis and

nephropathy not specified as acute or chronic, and renal sclerosis unspecified . . . . . . . (N02–N03,N05–N07,N26) 2,182 1,086 1,096 517 227 290 1 1 –

Renal failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (N17–N19) 31,878 15,720 16,158 7,761 3,481 4,280 62 36 26 Other disorders of kidney . . . . . . . . (N25,N27) 15 11 4 5 4 1 – – –

Infections of kidney . . . . . (N10–N12,N13.6,N15.1) 505 175 330 52 20 32 1 – 1 Hyperplasia of prostate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (N40) 402 402 . . . 42 42 . . . 3 3 . . . Inflammatory diseases of female pelvic

organs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (N70–N76) 85 . . . 85 19 . . . 19 – . . . – Pregnancy, childbirth and the

puerperium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (O00–O99) 334 . . . 334 248 . . . 248 1 . . . 1 Pregnancy with abortive outcome . . . . (O00–O07) 8 . . . 8 17 . . . 17 – . . . – Other complications of pregnancy, childbirth and

the puerperium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (O10–O99) 326 . . . 326 231 . . . 231 1 . . . 1 Certain conditions originating in the perinatal

period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (P00–P96) 6,064 3,429 2,635 4,868 2,734 2,134 128 73 55 Congenital malformations, deformations and

chromosomal abnormalities . . . . . . . . (Q00–Q99) 6,202 3,248 2,954 1,760 904 856 38 21 17 Symptoms, signs and abnormal clinical and

laboratory findings, not elsewhere classified . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (R00–R99) 26,199 10,525 15,674 4,580 2,223 2,357 84 49 35

All other diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(Residual) 195,259 77,408 117,851 26,130 11,166 14,964 339 171 168 Accidents (unintentional injuries) .(V01–X59,Y85–Y86) 94,584 59,274 35,310 13,332 9,093 4,239 342 244 98

Transport accidents . . . . . . . . . .(V01–V99,Y85) 33,035 23,270 9,765 5,748 4,249 1,499 123 98 25 Motor-vehicle accidents . . . . . . . . . (V02–V04,

V09.0,V09.2,V12–V14,V19.0–V19.2, V19.4–V19.6,V20–V79,V80.3–V80.5, V81.0–V81.1,V82.0–V82.1,V83–V86,

V87.0–V87.8,V88.0–V88.8,V89.0,V89.2) 30,900 21,564 9,336 5,415 3,976 1,439 108 86 22 Other land transport accidents . . . . . . . (V01,

V05–V06,V09.1,V09.3–V09.9, V10–V11, V15–V18,V19.3,V19.8– V19.9,V80.0–V80.2,

V80.6–V80.9, V81.2–V81.9,V82.2–V82.9, V87.9, V88.9,V89.1,V89.3,V89.9) 685 532 153 159 125 34 9 7 2

Water, air and space, and other and unspecified transport accidents and their sequelae . . . . . . . .(V90–V99,Y85) 1,450 1,174 276 174 148 26 6 5 1

Nontransport accidents . . . . . . . (W00–X59,Y86) 61,549 36,004 25,545 7,584 4,844 2,740 219 146 73 Falls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(W00–W19) 19,791 9,873 9,918 1,001 589 412 45 32 13

See footnotes at end of table.

56 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 19, May 20, 2010

Table 13. Number of deaths from 113 selected causes and Enterocolitis due to Clostridium difficile, by Hispanic origin, race for non-Hispanic population, and sex: United States, 2007—Con. [Race and Hispanic origin are reported separately on the death certificate. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. Data for Hispanic persons are not tabulated separately by race; data for non-Hispanic persons are tabulated by race. Data for Hispanic origin should be interpreted with caution because of inconsistencies between reporting Hispanic origin on death certificates and on censuses and surveys; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ The asterisks (*) preceding the cause-of-death codes indicate that they are not part of the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD–10), Second Edition; see ‘‘Technical Notes’’]

Non-Hispanic white2 Non-Hispanic black2 Origin not stated3

Both Both Both Cause of death (based on ICD–10, 2004) sexes Male Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Female

Accidental discharge of firearms. . . .(W32–W34) 404 349 55 126 113 13 – – – Accidental drowning and

submersion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(W65–W74) 2,243 1,688 555 502 410 92 17 15 2 Accidental exposure to smoke, fire and

flames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X00–X09) 2,188 1,276 912 764 454 310 15 7 8 Accidental poisoning and exposure to

noxious substances . . . . . . . . . . (X40–X49) 23,531 15,204 8,327 3,215 2,107 1,108 103 61 42 Other and unspecified nontransport

accidents and their sequelae . . . .(W20–W31, W35–W64,W75–W99,X10–X39,X50–X59,Y86) 13,392 7,614 5,778 1,976 1,171 805 39 31 8

Intentional self-harm (suicide) . . . . . . . . . . . . . (*U03,X60–X84,Y87.0) 28,897 22,660 6,237 1,916 1,571 345 72 58 14 Intentional self-harm (suicide) by discharge of

firearms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X72–X74) 15,073 13,129 1,944 975 870 105 35 31 4 Intentional self-harm (suicide) by other and

unspecified means and their sequelae . . . . . (*U03,X60–X71,X75–X84,Y87.0) 13,824 9,531 4,293 941 701 240 37 27 10

Assault (homicide). . . . .(*U01–*U02,X85–Y09,Y87.1) 5,512 3,669 1,843 8,746 7,477 1,269 97 83 14 Assault (homicide) by discharge of

firearms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (*U01.4,X93–X95) 3,053 2,165 888 6,867 6,192 675 54 50 4 Assault (homicide) by other and

unspecified means and their sequelae . . . . . . (*U01.0–*U01.3,*U01.5–*U01.9,

*U02,X85–X92,X96–Y09,Y87.1) 2,459 1,504 955 1,879 1,285 594 43 33 10 Legal intervention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(Y35,Y89.0) 183 174 9 124 121 3 1 1 – Events of undetermined

intent. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Y10–Y34,Y87.2,Y89.9) 4,122 2,490 1,632 747 517 230 20 14 6 Discharge of firearms, undetermined

intent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Y22–Y24) 178 138 40 57 46 11 1 1 – Other and unspecified events of

undetermined intent and their sequelae . . . . . (Y10–Y21,Y25–Y34,Y87.2,Y89.9) 3,944 2,352 1,592 690 471 219 19 13 6

Operations of war and their sequelae . . .(Y36,Y89.1) 18 18 – – – – – – – Complications of medical and surgical

care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(Y40–Y84,Y88) 1,967 948 1,019 430 187 243 1 1 –

Enterocolitis due to Clostridium difficile . . . . (A04.7)7 5,657 2,109 3,548 391 149 242 3 1 2

– Quantity zero. . . . Category not applicable. 1Includes races other than white and black. 2Race categories are consistent with the 1977 Office of Management and Budget (OMB) standards. Multiple-race data were reported by 27 states and the District of Columbia in 2007; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ The multiple-race data for these reporting areas were bridged to the single–race categories of the 1977 OMB standards for comparability with other reporting areas; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ 3Includes deaths for which Hispanic origin was not reported on the death certificate. 4New ICD–10 code J09 (Influenza due to identified avian influenza virus) was added to the category in 2007. No deaths occurred from this cause in 2007. 5New ICD–10 code U04 (Severe acute respiratory syndrome [SARS]) was added to the category in 2007. No deaths occurred from this cause in 2007. 6Cause–of–death title was changed in 2007 to reflect the addition of SARS (ICD–10 code U04). 7Included in ‘‘Certain other intestinal infections (A04,A07–A09)’’ shown above. Beginning with data year 2006, ‘‘Enterocolitis due to Clostridium difficile (A04.7)’’ is shown separately at the bottom of tables showing 113 selected causes and is included in the list of rankable causes; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’

57 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 19, May 20, 2010

Table 14. Death rates for 113 selected causes and Enterocolitis due to Clostridium difficile, by race and sex: United States, 2007 [Rates per 100,000 population in specified group. Populations used for computing death rates are postcensal estimates based on the 2000 census, estimated as of July 1, 2007; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ Data for specified races other than white and black should be interpreted with caution because of inconsistencies between reporting race on death certificates and on censuses and surveys; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ The asterisks (*) preceding the cause-of-death codes indicate that they are not part of the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD–10), Second Edition; see ‘‘Technical Notes’’]

All races White1 Black1

Both Both Both Cause of death (based on ICD–10, 2004) sexes Male Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Female

All causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 803.6 809.9 797.4 851.5 848.1 854.9 723.4 775.6 675.7

Salmonella infections . . . . . . . . . . . . (A01–A02) 0.0 * * 0.0 * * * * * Shigellosis and amebiasis . . . . . . . . . . . (A03,A06) * * * * * * * * * Certain other intestinal infections . . .(A04,A07–A09) 2.2 1.7 2.8 2.6 1.9 3.2 1.1 0.8 1.3 Tuberculosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A16–A19) 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.2

Respiratory tuberculosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A16) 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.1 Other tuberculosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A17–A19) 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 *

Whooping cough . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A37) * * * * * * * * * Scarlet fever and erysipelas . . . . . . . . . (A38,A46) * * * * * * * * * Meningococcal infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A39) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 * * Septicemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A40–A41) 11.5 10.7 12.4 11.4 10.4 12.3 15.7 14.8 16.6 Syphilis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A50–A53) 0.0 0.0 * 0.0 * * 0.1 * * Acute poliomyelitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A80) * * * * * * * * * Arthropod-borne viral

encephalitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A83–A84,A85.2) * * * * * * * * * Measles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (B05) * * * * * * * * * Viral hepatitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (B15–B19) 2.5 3.3 1.6 2.4 3.3 1.6 2.6 3.6 1.7 Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (B20–B24) 3.7 5.4 2.1 1.9 3.1 0.7 16.2 21.9 10.9 Malaria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (B50–B54) * * * * * * * * * Other and unspecified infectious and parasitic

diseases and their sequelae . . . . . . . . (A00,A05, A20–A36,A42–A44,A48–A49,A54–A79,A81–A82,

A85.0–A85.1,A85.8,A86–B04,B06–B09, B25–B49,B55–B99) 1.9 2.0 1.9 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.9 2.1 1.8

Malignant neoplasms . . . . . . . . . . . . (C00–C97) 186.6 197.0 176.5 198.7 208.8 188.8 160.0 172.9 148.2 Malignant neoplasms of lip, oral cavity and

pharynx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C00–C14) 2.7 3.7 1.7 2.8 3.8 1.8 2.7 4.0 1.4 Malignant neoplasm of esophagus . . . . . . (C15) 4.5 7.2 1.9 4.9 7.9 1.9 3.6 5.5 1.9 Malignant neoplasm of stomach . . . . . . . . (C16) 3.8 4.5 3.0 3.5 4.2 2.8 5.0 6.2 3.9 Malignant neoplasms of colon, rectum

and anus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C18–C21) 17.8 18.2 17.3 18.5 19.0 18.1 17.3 18.0 16.6 Malignant neoplasms of liver and

intrahepatic bile ducts . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C22) 5.7 7.6 3.8 5.6 7.4 3.8 5.7 8.3 3.2 Malignant neoplasm of pancreas . . . . . . . (C25) 11.3 11.5 11.1 11.9 12.2 11.7 10.2 9.9 10.4 Malignant neoplasm of larynx . . . . . . . . . (C32) 1.2 1.9 0.5 1.2 1.9 0.5 1.6 2.9 0.5 Malignant neoplasms of trachea,

bronchus and lung . . . . . . . . . . . . (C33–C34) 52.6 59.4 46.0 57.0 63.4 50.7 41.2 51.5 31.8 Malignant melanoma of skin . . . . . . . . . . (C43) 2.8 3.7 1.9 3.4 4.5 2.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 Malignant neoplasm of breast . . . . . . . . . (C50) 13.6 0.2 26.5 14.0 0.3 27.6 14.6 0.3 27.7 Malignant neoplasm of cervix uteri . . . . . . (C53) 1.3 . . . 2.6 1.2 . . . 2.5 2.0 . . . 3.9 Malignant neoplasms of corpus uteri

and uterus, part unspecified . . . . . . (C54–C55) 2.5 . . . 4.9 2.4 . . . 4.9 3.2 . . . 6.2 Malignant neoplasm of ovary . . . . . . . . . (C56) 4.8 . . . 9.6 5.4 . . . 10.7 2.9 . . . 5.5 Malignant neoplasm of prostate . . . . . . . . (C61) 9.6 19.6 . . . 9.7 19.6 . . . 12.3 25.7 . . . Malignant neoplasms of kidney and

renal pelvis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C64–C65) 4.2 5.4 3.1 4.6 5.8 3.4 3.1 3.9 2.3 Malignant neoplasm of bladder . . . . . . . . (C67) 4.6 6.5 2.7 5.2 7.4 3.0 2.6 3.0 2.2 Malignant neoplasms of meninges,

brain and other parts of central nervous system . . . . . . . . . (C70–C72) 4.4 4.9 3.9 5.0 5.6 4.4 2.0 2.1 1.9

Malignant neoplasms of lymphoid, hematopoietic and related tissue . . . (C81–C96) 18.2 20.3 16.2 19.9 22.2 17.6 13.1 13.9 12.4 Hodgkin’s disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C81) 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.3 Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma . . . . . . . (C82–C85) 6.8 7.4 6.2 7.6 8.2 7.0 3.5 3.9 3.1 Leukemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C91–C95) 7.2 8.3 6.2 8.0 9.2 6.8 4.6 5.0 4.2 Multiple myeloma and immunoproliferative

neoplasms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C88,C90) 3.7 4.1 3.4 3.8 4.2 3.4 4.7 4.6 4.8

See footnotes at end of table.

58 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 19, May 20, 2010

Table 14. Death rates for 113 selected causes and Enterocolitis due to Clostridium difficile, by race and sex: United States, 2007—Con. [Rates per 100,000 population in specified group. Populations used for computing death rates are postcensal estimates based on the 2000 census, estimated as of July 1, 2007; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ Data for specified races other than white and black should be interpreted with caution because of inconsistencies between reporting race on death certificates and on censuses and surveys; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ The asterisks (*) preceding the cause-of-death codes indicate that they are not part of the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD–10), Second Edition; see ‘‘Technical Notes’’]

All races White1 Black1

Both Both Both Cause of death (based on ICD–10, 2004) sexes Male Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Female

Other and unspecified malignant neoplasms of lymphoid, hematopoietic and related tissue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C96) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 * * *

All other and unspecified malignant neoplasms . . . . . . . .(C17,C23–C24,C26–C31,

C37–C41,C44–C49,C51– C52,C57–C60, C62–C63,C66,C68–C69,C73–C80, C97) 21.0 22.1 19.8 22.5 23.7 21.3 16.7 17.5 15.9

In situ neoplasms, benign neoplasms and neoplasms of uncertain or unknown behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (D00–D48) 4.7 4.9 4.5 5.2 5.4 5.0 3.0 3.1 2.9

Anemias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (D50–D64) 1.6 1.3 1.9 1.5 1.2 1.9 2.4 2.3 2.5 Diabetes mellitus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (E10–E14) 23.7 23.9 23.5 23.2 23.8 22.5 31.1 28.7 33.3 Nutritional deficiencies . . . . . . . . . . . . (E40–E64) 0.9 0.7 1.2 1.0 0.7 1.2 1.0 0.9 1.1

Malnutrition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (E40–E46) 0.9 0.7 1.1 0.9 0.7 1.1 0.9 0.8 1.0 Other nutritional deficiencies . . . . . . . (E50–E64) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 * * *

Meningitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (G00,G03) 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.3 Parkinson’s disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . (G20–G21) 6.7 7.8 5.6 7.7 9.0 6.5 2.0 2.3 1.7 Alzheimer’s disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (G30) 24.7 14.7 34.5 28.3 16.7 39.7 11.9 6.8 16.5 Major cardiovascular diseases . . . . . . . . (I00–I78) 267.3 261.0 273.3 283.8 274.6 292.8 240.0 244.2 236.1

Diseases of heart . . . . . (I00–I09,I11,I13,I20–I51) 204.3 208.4 200.2 218.3 221.1 215.5 177.9 186.5 170.0 Acute rheumatic fever and chronic

rheumatic heart diseases . . . . . . . (I00–I09) 1.1 0.7 1.4 1.2 0.8 1.6 0.6 0.4 0.8 Hypertensive heart disease . . . . . . . . . . (I11) 10.2 9.6 10.8 9.4 8.5 10.4 17.8 19.2 16.4 Hypertensive heart and renal disease . . . . (I13) 1.0 0.9 1.1 0.8 0.7 1.0 2.1 2.2 2.0 Ischemic heart diseases . . . . . . . . . (I20–I25) 134.7 145.3 124.4 145.5 156.6 134.7 106.6 113.8 100.0

Acute myocardial infarction . . . . . . (I21–I22) 44.1 48.2 40.0 47.6 52.2 43.1 35.2 36.6 34.0 Other acute ischemic heart diseases . . . (I24) 1.4 1.5 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.6 1.1 Other forms of chronic ischemic heart

disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (I20,I25) 89.3 95.6 83.1 96.5 102.9 90.3 70.1 75.7 64.9 Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease,

so described . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (I25.0) 19.6 22.5 16.8 20.0 22.7 17.3 22.3 27.0 18.0 All other forms of chronic ischemic heart

disease . . . . . . . . . . . (I20,I25.1–I25.9) 69.7 73.2 66.3 76.6 80.2 72.9 47.8 48.7 46.9 Other heart diseases . . . . . . . . . . . (I26–I51) 57.3 51.9 62.5 61.3 54.6 67.9 50.8 50.9 50.8

Acute and subacute endocarditis . . . . . (I33) 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.6 0.8 0.4 Diseases of pericardium and acute

myocarditis . . . . . . . . . . . . (I30–I31,I40) 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.3 Heart failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (I50) 18.8 15.4 22.0 20.7 16.8 24.5 13.7 12.2 15.1 All other forms of heart disease . (I26–I28,

I34–I38,I42–I49,I51) 37.8 35.7 39.9 39.9 37.0 42.8 36.2 37.5 35.0 Essential hypertension and hypertensive renal

disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (I10,I12,I15) 7.9 6.3 9.5 7.6 5.9 9.3 11.6 10.3 12.7 Cerebrovascular diseases . . . . . . . . . (I60–I69) 45.1 36.4 53.5 47.1 37.0 57.0 42.7 39.5 45.6 Atherosclerosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (I70) 2.7 2.2 3.3 3.1 2.4 3.7 1.6 1.4 1.9 Other diseases of circulatory system . . . (I71–I78) 7.3 7.7 6.8 7.8 8.2 7.3 6.2 6.5 5.9

Aortic aneurysm and dissection . . . . . . . (I71) 4.3 5.1 3.6 4.7 5.5 3.9 3.1 3.7 2.6 Other diseases of arteries, arterioles and

capillaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (I72–I78) 3.0 2.6 3.3 3.1 2.8 3.5 3.0 2.8 3.2 Other disorders of circulatory system . . . . (I80–I99) 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.8 1.8 1.7 Influenza and pneumonia . . . . . . . . . . (J09–J18)4 17.5 16.2 18.7 18.9 17.2 20.5 12.9 13.1 12.7

Influenza . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (J09–J11)4 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 * * Pneumonia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (J12–J18) 17.3 16.1 18.6 18.7 17.0 20.4 12.8 13.0 12.6

Other acute lower respiratory infections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (J20–J22,U04)5 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 * * Acute bronchitis and bronchiolitis . . . . . (J20–J21) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 * * Other and unspecified acute lower

respiratory infections . . . . . . . . . . (J22,U04)5,6 0.0 * 0.0 0.0 * 0.0 * * * Chronic lower respiratory diseases . . . . . (J40–J47) 42.4 41.2 43.6 48.5 46.3 50.6 19.7 22.0 17.7

Bronchitis, chronic and unspecified . . . . (J40–J42) 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.2 Emphysema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(J43) 4.2 4.4 4.0 4.9 5.0 4.8 1.8 2.4 1.3

See footnotes at end of table.

59 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 19, May 20, 2010

All races White1 Black1

Both Both Both Cause of death (based on ICD–10, 2004) sexes Male Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Female

Asthma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (J45–J46) 1.1 0.9 1.4 1.0 0.7 1.3 2.3 2.1 2.4 Other chronic lower respiratory

diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (J44,J47) 36.8 35.7 37.9 42.4 40.5 44.2 15.5 17.4 13.8 Pneumoconioses and chemical effects (J60–J66,J68) 0.3 0.6 0.0 0.4 0.7 0.0 0.1 0.2 * Pneumonitis due to solids and liquids . . . . . . .(J69) 5.6 6.0 5.3 6.3 6.6 5.9 3.6 3.9 3.3 Other diseases of respiratory

system . . . . . . . (J00–J06,J30– J39,J67,J70–J98) 9.5 9.6 9.3 10.3 10.5 10.2 6.5 6.6 6.4 Peptic ulcer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (K25–K28) 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.1 0.8 0.9 0.6 Diseases of appendix . . . . . . . . . . . . (K35–K38) 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 Hernia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (K40–K46) 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.4 0.4 0.4 Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis . .(K70,K73–K74) 9.7 12.9 6.5 10.5 13.9 7.1 6.4 8.8 4.2

Alcoholic liver disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . (K70) 4.8 7.1 2.5 5.1 7.7 2.7 3.0 4.5 1.7 Other chronic liver disease and

cirrhosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (K73–K74) 4.9 5.8 4.0 5.3 6.2 4.4 3.4 4.3 2.5 Cholelithiasis and other disorders of

gallbladder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (K80–K82) 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.3 0.7 0.6 0.9 Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome and

nephrosis . . . . . . . (N00–N07,N17–N19,N25–N27) 15.4 15.2 15.6 15.1 15.1 15.2 21.0 19.7 22.1 Acute and rapidly progressive nephritic and

nephrotic syndrome . . . . . . . . (N00–N01,N04) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 * * Chronic glomerulonephritis, nephritis and

nephropathy not specified as acute or chronic, and renal sclerosis unspecified . . . . . . . (N02–N03,N05–N07,N26) 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.2 1.4

Renal failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (N17–N19) 14.3 14.2 14.5 14.1 14.0 14.1 19.6 18.4 20.6 Other disorders of kidney . . . . . . . . (N25,N27) 0.0 * * * * * * * *

Infections of kidney . . . . . (N10–N12,N13.6,N15.1) 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.2 Hyperplasia of prostate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (N40) 0.2 0.3 . . . 0.2 0.4 . . . 0.1 0.2 . . . Inflammatory diseases of female pelvic

organs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (N70–N76) 0.0 . . . 0.1 0.0 . . . 0.1 0.0 . . . 0.1 Pregnancy, childbirth and the

puerperium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (O00–O99) 0.3 . . . 0.5 0.2 . . . 0.4 0.6 . . . 1.2 Pregnancy with abortive outcome . . . . (O00–O07) 0.0 . . . 0.0 * . . . * * . . . * Other complications of pregnancy, childbirth and

the puerperium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (O10–O99) 0.2 . . . 0.5 0.2 . . . 0.4 0.6 . . . 1.1 Certain conditions originating in the perinatal

period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (P00–P96) 4.8 5.5 4.2 3.6 4.1 3.2 12.6 14.9 10.6 Congenital malformations, deformations and

chromosomal abnormalities . . . . . . . . (Q00–Q99) 3.5 3.7 3.2 3.3 3.6 3.1 4.5 4.8 4.2 Symptoms, signs and abnormal clinical and

laboratory findings, not elsewhere classified . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (R00–R99) 11.1 9.6 12.6 11.5 9.6 13.4 11.6 11.8 11.4

All other diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (residual) 79.0 64.9 92.7 85.0 68.7 100.9 65.9 59.0 72.2 Accidents (unintentional injuries) . . . . . . (V01–X59,

Y85–Y86) 41.0 53.7 28.7 43.6 56.4 31.1 33.9 48.5 20.5 Transport accidents . . . . . . . . . .(V01–V99,Y85) 15.5 22.5 8.8 16.0 23.1 9.1 14.6 22.7 7.3

Motor-vehicle accidents . . . . . . . . (V02–V04, V09.0,V09.2,V12–V14,V19.0–V19.2,

V19.4–V19.6,V20–V79,V80.3–V80.5, V81.0–V81.1,V82.0–V82.1,V83–V86,

V87.0–V87.8,V88.0–V88.8,V89.0,V89.2) 14.6 20.9 8.4 15.0 21.5 8.8 13.8 21.2 7.0 Other land transport accidents. . . . . . . . (V01,

V05–V06,V09.1,V09.3–V09.9,V10–V11, V15–V18,V19.3,V19.8–V19.9,V80.0–V80.2,

V80.6–V80.9,V81.2–V81.9,V82.2–V82.9, V87.9,V88.9,V89.1,V89.3,V89.9) 0.4 0.6 0.1 0.3 0.6 0.1 0.4 0.7 0.2

See footnotes at end of table.

60 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 19, May 20, 2010

All races White1 Black1

Both Both Both Cause of death (based on ICD–10, 2004) sexes Male Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Female

Water, air and space, and other and unspecified transport accidents and their sequelae . . . . . . . . (V90–V99,Y85) 0.6 1.0 0.2 0.6 1.1 0.2 0.4 0.8 0.1

Nontransport accidents . . . . . . . (W00–X59,Y86) 25.5 31.2 19.9 27.6 33.3 22.0 19.2 25.8 13.2 Falls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(W00–W19) 7.5 7.8 7.2 8.6 8.8 8.4 2.5 3.1 2.0 Accidental discharge of firearms. . . .(W32–W34) 0.2 0.4 0.0 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.3 0.6 * Accidental drowning and submersion .(W65–W74) 1.1 1.8 0.5 1.1 1.7 0.5 1.3 2.2 0.4 Accidental exposure to smoke, fire and

flames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X00–X09) 1.1 1.3 0.9 1.0 1.2 0.8 1.9 2.4 1.5 Accidental poisoning and exposure to

noxious substances . . . . . . . . . . (X40–X49) 9.9 13.2 6.7 10.7 14.2 7.2 8.2 11.2 5.4 Other and unspecified nontransport

accidents and their sequelae . . . . (W20–W31, W35–W64,W75–W99,X10–X39,X50–X59,Y86) 5.7 6.7 4.6 6.0 7.0 4.9 5.0 6.2 3.9

Intentional self-harm (suicide) . . . . . . . . . . . . . (*U03,X60–X84,Y87.0) 11.5 18.3 4.8 12.9 20.5 5.4 4.9 8.4 1.7 Intentional self-harm (suicide) by discharge of

firearms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X72–X74) 5.8 10.2 1.4 6.6 11.6 1.6 2.5 4.6 0.5 Intentional self-harm (suicide) by other and

unspecified means and their sequelae . . . . . (*U03,X60–X71,X75–X84,Y87.0) 5.7 8.1 3.4 6.3 8.9 3.7 2.4 3.8 1.2

Assault (homicide). . . . .(*U01–*U02,X85–Y09,Y87.1) 6.1 9.8 2.5 3.7 5.4 1.9 22.2 39.7 6.2 Assault (homicide) by discharge of

firearms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (*U01.4,X93–X95) 4.2 7.2 1.2 2.2 3.5 0.9 17.4 32.8 3.2 Assault (homicide) by other and

unspecified means and their sequelae . . . . . (*U01.0–*U01.3,*U01.5–*U01.9,

*U02,X85–X92,X96–Y09,Y87.1) 1.9 2.5 1.3 1.5 1.9 1.0 4.8 6.8 2.9 Legal intervention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(Y35,Y89.0) 0.1 0.3 * 0.1 0.2 * 0.3 0.6 * Events of undetermined

intent. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Y10–Y34,Y87.2,Y89.9) 1.8 2.3 1.3 1.8 2.3 1.4 1.9 2.8 1.1 Discharge of firearms, undetermined

intent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Y22–Y24) 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 * Other and unspecified events of

undetermined intent and their sequelae . . . . (Y10–Y21,Y25–Y34, Y87.2,Y89.9) 1.7 2.1 1.3 1.7 2.1 1.4 1.8 2.5 1.1

Operations of war and their sequelae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(Y36,Y89.1) 0.0 0.0 * 0.0 0.0 * * * *

Complications of medical and surgical care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(Y40–Y84,Y88) 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.0 1.2

Enterocolitis due to Clostridium difficile . . . . (A04.7)7 2.1 1.6 2.6 2.4 1.8 3.0 1.0 0.8 1.2

See footnotes at end of table.

61 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 19, May 20, 2010

American Indian or Alaska Native1,2 Asian or Pacific Islander1,3

Both Both Cause of death (based on ICD–10, 2004) sexes Male Female sexes Male Female

All causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 444.0 488.2 400.0 308.7 331.4 287.2

Salmonella infections . . . . . . . . . . . . (A01–A02) * * * * * * Shigellosis and amebiasis . . . . . . . . . . . (A03,A06) * * * * * * Certain other intestinal infections . . .(A04,A07–A09) 1.0 * * 0.3 0.3 0.4 Tuberculosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A16–A19) * * * 0.5 0.6 0.4

Respiratory tuberculosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A16) * * * 0.4 0.5 0.3 Other tuberculosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A17–A19) * * * * * *

Whooping cough . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A37) * * * * * * Scarlet fever and erysipelas . . . . . . . . . (A38,A46) * * * * * * Meningococcal infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A39) * * * * * * Septicemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A40–A41) 7.1 6.3 7.9 3.7 4.2 3.3 Syphilis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A50–A53) * * * * * * Acute poliomyelitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A80) * * * * * * Arthropod-borne viral encephalitis . (A83–A84,A85.2) * * * * * * Measles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (B05) * * * * * * Viral hepatitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (B15–B19) 3.2 4.1 2.4 2.0 2.1 1.9 Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (B20–B24) 2.4 3.3 1.5 0.5 0.8 * Malaria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (B50–B54) * * * * * * Other and unspecified infectious and parasitic

diseases and their sequelae . . . . . . . . (A00,A05, A20–A36,A42–A44,A48–A49,A54–A79,A81–A82,

A85.0–A85.1,A85.8,A86–B04,B06–B09, B25–B49,B55–B99) 1.6 1.8 1.4 1.1 1.2 1.0

Malignant neoplasms . . . . . . . . . . . . (C00–C97) 79.1 83.3 75.0 83.4 89.0 78.2 Malignant neoplasms of lip, oral cavity

and pharynx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C00–C14) 1.3 1.6 * 1.6 2.2 1.1 Malignant neoplasm of esophagus . . . . . . (C15) 1.6 2.7 * 1.4 2.2 0.7 Malignant neoplasm of stomach . . . . . . . . (C16) 2.8 3.3 2.3 5.1 5.7 4.4 Malignant neoplasms of colon, rectum

and anus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C18–C21) 7.8 8.2 7.4 8.4 8.7 8.1 Malignant neoplasms of liver and

intrahepatic bile ducts . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C22) 4.7 6.2 3.1 7.6 10.7 4.6 Malignant neoplasm of pancreas . . . . . . . (C25) 4.4 4.6 4.2 5.5 5.4 5.5 Malignant neoplasm of larynx . . . . . . . . . (C32) 0.6 * * 0.3 0.6 * Malignant neoplasms of trachea,

bronchus and lung . . . . . . . . . . . . (C33–C34) 21.5 23.8 19.2 19.2 22.9 15.7 Malignant melanoma of skin . . . . . . . . . . (C43) 0.7 * * 0.3 0.3 0.3 Malignant neoplasm of breast . . . . . . . . . (C50) 5.3 * 10.4 5.3 * 10.4 Malignant neoplasm of cervix uteri . . . . . . (C53) 1.0 . . . 2.0 1.0 . . . 1.9 Malignant neoplasms of corpus uteri and

uterus, part unspecified . . . . . . . . . (C54–C55) 1.0 . . . 2.0 1.1 . . . 2.2 Malignant neoplasm of ovary . . . . . . . . . (C56) 1.7 . . . 3.5 2.1 . . . 4.1 Malignant neoplasm of prostate . . . . . . . . (C61) 3.2 6.5 . . . 2.8 5.8 . . . Malignant neoplasms of kidney and

renal pelvis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C64–C65) 3.2 4.4 1.9 1.6 2.1 1.1 Malignant neoplasm of bladder . . . . . . . . (C67) 1.0 1.4 * 1.1 1.5 0.7 Malignant neoplasms of meninges,

brain and other parts of central nervous system . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C70–C72) 1.4 1.5 1.2 1.5 1.8 1.2

Malignant neoplasms of lymphoid, hematopoietic and related tissue . . . (C81–C96) 6.5 7.3 5.6 7.8 9.1 6.6 Hodgkin’s disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C81) * * * * * * Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma . . . . . . . (C82–C85) 2.4 2.6 2.2 3.2 3.8 2.7 Leukemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C91–C95) 2.4 2.6 2.2 2.9 3.5 2.5 Multiple myeloma and immunoproliferative

neoplasms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C88,C90) 1.5 1.8 1.2 1.5 1.7 1.2 Other and unspecified malignant

neoplasms of lymphoid, hematopoietic and related tissue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C96) * * * * * *

See footnotes at end of table.

62 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 19, May 20, 2010

American Indian or Alaska Native1,2 Asian or Pacific Islander1,3

Both Both Cause of death (based on ICD–10, 2004) sexes Male Female sexes Male Female

All other and unspecified malignant neoplasms . . . . . . . . (C17,C23–C24,C26–C31,

C37–C41,C44–C49,C51–C52,C57–C60, C62–C63,C66,C68–C69,C73–C80,C97) 9.6 9.8 9.4 9.7 9.9 9.5

In situ neoplasms, benign neoplasms and neoplasms of uncertain or unknown behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (D00–D48) 1.6 1.6 1.5 2.1 2.3 1.9

Anemias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (D50–D64) 0.6 * * 0.7 0.7 0.8 Diabetes mellitus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (E10–E14) 24.4 23.6 25.2 11.8 12.0 11.6 Nutritional deficiencies . . . . . . . . . . . . (E40–E64) 0.8 * * 0.4 0.3 0.5

Malnutrition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (E40–E46) 0.7 * * 0.4 0.3 0.4 Other nutritional deficiencies . . . . . . . (E50–E64) * * * * * *

Meningitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (G00,G03) * * * * * * Parkinson’s disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . (G20–G21) 1.7 2.0 1.4 2.3 2.6 1.9 Alzheimer’s disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (G30) 5.9 4.3 7.5 5.1 3.4 6.6 Major cardiovascular diseases . . . . . . . . (I00–I78) 107.6 118.4 96.8 103.8 109.6 98.4

Diseases of heart . . . . . (I00–I09,I11,I13,I20–I51) 81.8 94.1 69.6 71.6 79.6 63.9 Acute rheumatic fever and chronic

rheumatic heart diseases . . . . . . . (I00–I09) * * * 0.6 0.4 0.8 Hypertensive heart disease . . . . . . . . . . (I11) 4.2 4.9 3.5 4.1 4.1 4.0 Hypertensive heart and renal disease . . . . (I13) * * * 0.6 0.5 0.7 Ischemic heart diseases . . . . . . . . . (I20–I25) 54.9 64.9 45.0 50.2 58.1 42.7

Acute myocardial infarction . . . . . . (I21–I22) 18.3 22.2 14.3 16.1 18.7 13.6 Other acute ischemic heart diseases . . . (I24) 1.9 2.1 1.7 0.3 0.4 0.3 Other forms of chronic ischemic heart

disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (I20,I25) 34.8 40.6 29.0 33.7 39.0 28.7 Atherosclerotic cardiovascular

disease, so described . . . . . . . . . (I25.0) 10.0 12.4 7.7 7.8 9.5 6.1 All other forms of chronic ischemic

heart disease . . . . . . . . (I20,I25.1–I25.9) 24.7 28.2 21.3 26.0 29.5 22.6 Other heart diseases . . . . . . . . . . . (I26–I51) 22.0 23.6 20.3 16.1 16.5 15.8

Acute and subacute endocarditis . . . . . (I33) * * * 0.1 * * Diseases of pericardium and acute

myocarditis . . . . . . . . . . . . (I30–I31,I40) * * * 0.1 * * Heart failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (I50) 5.8 5.3 6.4 3.5 3.1 3.8 All other forms of heart disease . (I26–I28,

I34–I38,I42–I49,I51) 15.6 17.6 13.6 12.4 13.1 11.7 Essential hypertension and hypertensive

renal disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (I10,I12,I15) 3.3 2.8 3.8 4.3 4.0 4.6 Cerebrovascular diseases . . . . . . . . . (I60–I69) 18.1 16.5 19.7 24.3 22.0 26.4 Atherosclerosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (I70) 0.9 * * 0.8 0.7 0.8 Other diseases of circulatory system . . . (I71–I78) 3.4 4.0 2.8 2.9 3.3 2.6

Aortic aneurysm and dissection . . . . . . . (I71) 1.9 2.5 * 2.2 2.6 1.8 Other diseases of arteries, arterioles and

capillaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (I72–I78) 1.5 1.5 1.6 0.8 0.7 0.8 Other disorders of circulatory system . . . . (I80–I99) * * * 0.3 0.3 0.3 Influenza and pneumonia . . . . . . . . . . (J09–J18)4 8.7 9.3 8.0 9.0 9.8 8.3

Influenza . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (J09–J11)4 * * * * * * Pneumonia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (J12–J18) 8.5 9.2 7.8 9.0 9.7 8.3

Other acute lower respiratory infections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (J20–J22,U04)5 * * * * * * Acute bronchitis and bronchiolitis . . . . . (J20–J21) * * * * * * Other and unspecified acute lower

respiratory infections . . . . . . . . . . (J22,U04)5,6 * * * * * * Chronic lower respiratory diseases . . . . . (J40–J47) 18.9 18.5 19.3 9.0 11.1 7.1

Bronchitis, chronic and unspecified . . . . (J40–J42) * * * * * * Emphysema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(J43) 1.5 1.5 1.5 0.8 1.2 0.5 Asthma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (J45–J46) 1.1 * 1.4 0.9 0.9 0.9 Other chronic lower respiratory

diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (J44,J47) 16.3 16.2 16.4 7.2 8.8 5.6

See footnotes at end of table.

63 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 19, May 20, 2010

American Indian or Alaska Native1,2 Asian or Pacific Islander1,3

Both Both Cause of death (based on ICD–10, 2004) sexes Male Female sexes Male Female

Pneumoconioses and chemical effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (J60–J66,J68) * * * * * *

Pneumonitis due to solids and liquids . . . . . . .(J69) 2.3 2.2 2.5 1.7 2.1 1.4 Other diseases of respiratory

system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (J00–J06,J30– J39, J67,J70–J98) 6.6 7.1 6.2 3.7 3.9 3.6

Peptic ulcer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (K25–K28) * * * 0.6 0.7 0.6 Diseases of appendix . . . . . . . . . . . . (K35–K38) * * * * * * Hernia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (K40–K46) * * * * * * Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis . .(K70,K73–K74) 21.9 25.7 18.1 2.8 3.5 2.0

Alcoholic liver disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . (K70) 15.5 18.8 12.1 1.1 1.8 0.5 Other chronic liver disease and

cirrhosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (K73–K74) 6.5 6.9 6.0 1.7 1.8 1.6 Cholelithiasis and other disorders of

gallbladder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (K80–K82) 0.7 * * 0.5 0.5 0.6 Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome and

nephrosis . . . . . . . (N00–N07,N17–N19,N25–N27) 9.0 7.8 10.2 6.0 6.6 5.5 Acute and rapidly progressive nephritic and

nephrotic syndrome . . . . . . . . (N00–N01,N04) * * * * * * Chronic glomerulonephritis, nephritis and

nephropathy not specified as acute or chronic, and renal sclerosis unspecified . . . . . . . (N02–N03,N05–N07,N26) * * * 0.5 0.5 0.4

Renal failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (N17–N19) 8.6 7.5 9.6 5.5 6.1 5.0 Other disorders of kidney . . . . . . . . (N25,N27) * * * * * *

Infections of kidney . . . . . (N10–N12,N13.6,N15.1) * * * * * * Hyperplasia of prostate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (N40) * * . . . * * . . . Inflammatory diseases of female pelvic

organs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (N70–N76) * . . . * * . . . * Pregnancy, childbirth and the

puerperium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (O00–O99) * . . . * 0.2 . . . 0.5 Pregnancy with abortive outcome . . . . (O00–O07) * . . . * * . . . * Other complications of pregnancy, childbirth and

the puerperium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (O10–O99) * . . . * 0.2 . . . 0.4 Certain conditions originating in the perinatal

period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (P00–P96) 4.9 5.1 4.6 3.4 4.0 2.8 Congenital malformations, deformations and

chromosomal abnormalities . . . . . . . . (Q00–Q99) 3.8 3.8 3.8 2.3 2.4 2.1 Symptoms, signs and abnormal clinical and

laboratory findings, not elsewhere classified . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (R00–R99) 8.1 10.2 6.0 3.1 2.9 3.3

All other diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (residual) 43.6 41.4 45.9 23.4 21.6 25.1 Accidents (unintentional injuries) . . . . . . (V01–X59,

Y85–Y86) 52.6 69.9 35.3 14.9 19.1 10.8 Transport accidents . . . . . . . . . . V01–V99,Y85) 26.3 35.7 16.9 7.1 9.2 5.2

Motor-vehicle accidents . . . . . . . . . (V02–V04, V09.0,V09.2,V12–V14,V19.0–V19.2,

V19.4–V19.6,V20–V79,V80.3–V80.5, V81.0–V81.1,V82.0–V82.1,V83–V86,

V87.0–V87.8,V88.0–V88.8,V89.0,V89.2) 24.1 32.4 15.9 6.7 8.6 4.9 Other land transport accidents. . . . . . . . (V01,

V05–V06,V09.1,V09.3–V09.9,V10–V11, V15–V18,V19.3,V19.8–V19.9,V80.0–V80.2,

V80.6–V80.9,V81.2–V81.9,V82.2–V82.9, V87.9,V88.9,V89.1,V89.3,V89.9) 1.2 1.9 * 0.2 0.3 *

Water, air and space, and other and unspecified transport accidents and their sequelae . . . . . . . . . . .(V90–V99,Y85) 0.9 1.4 * 0.2 0.3 *

Nontransport accidents . . . . . . . (W00–X59,Y86) 26.3 34.2 18.4 7.8 9.9 5.7

See footnotes at end of table.

64 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 19, May 20, 2010

American Indian or Alaska Native1,2 Asian or Pacific Islander1,3

Both Both Cause of death (based on ICD–10, 2004) sexes Male Female sexes Male Female

Falls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(W00–W19) 4.1 5.5 2.7 3.1 3.7 2.6 Accidental discharge of firearms. . . .(W32–W34) * * * * * * Accidental drowning and submersion .(W65–W74) 2.1 3.5 * 1.0 1.6 0.5 Accidental exposure to smoke, fire and

flames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X00–X09) 1.3 1.5 * 0.4 0.5 * Accidental poisoning and exposure to

noxious substances . . . . . . . . . . (X40–X49) 11.6 13.2 10.0 1.5 2.0 1.0 Other and unspecified nontransport accidents

and their sequelae . . . . (W20–W31,W35–W64, W75–W99,X10–X39,X50–X59,Y86) 6.9 9.9 3.9 1.7 2.1 1.3

Intentional self-harm (suicide) . . . . . . . . . . . . . (*U03,X60–X84,Y87.0) 12.1 19.2 5.1 6.1 8.7 3.6 Intentional self-harm (suicide) by discharge of

firearms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X72–X74) 4.2 7.2 * 1.5 2.8 0.3 Intentional self-harm (suicide) by other and

unspecified means and their sequelae . . . . . (*U03,X60–X71,X75–X84,Y87.0) 7.9 12.0 3.9 4.6 6.0 3.3

Assault (homicide). . . . .(*U01–*U02,X85–Y09,Y87.1) 6.8 10.1 3.5 2.4 3.5 1.4 Assault (homicide) by discharge of

firearms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (*U01.4,X93–X95) 2.8 4.8 * 1.4 2.3 0.4 Assault (homicide) by other and

unspecified means and their sequelae . . . . . (*U01.0–*U01.3,*U01.5–*U01.9,

*U02,X85–X92,X96–Y09,Y87.1) 4.0 5.3 2.7 1.1 1.1 1.0 Legal intervention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(Y35,Y89.0) * * * * * * Events of undetermined

intent. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Y10–Y34,Y87.2,Y89.9) 2.8 3.2 2.5 0.5 0.7 0.4 Discharge of firearms, undetermined

intent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Y22–Y24) * * * * * * Other and unspecified events of

undetermined intent and their sequelae . . . . (Y10–Y21,Y25–Y34, Y87.2,Y89.9) 2.7 2.8 2.5 0.5 0.7 0.4

Operations of war and their sequelae . . .(Y36,Y89.1) * * * * * * Complications of medical and surgical

care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(Y40–Y84,Y88) * * * 0.3 * 0.3

Enterocolitis due to Clostridium difficile . . . . (A04.7)7 0.8 * * 0.3 0.3 0.3

0.0 Quantity more than zero but less than 0.05. * Figure does not meet standards of reliability or precision; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ . . . Category not applicable. 1Race categories are consistent with the 1977 Office of Management and Budget (OMB) standards. Multiple–race data were reported by 27 states and the District of Columbia in 2007; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ The multiple-race data for these reporting areas were bridged to the single–race categories of the 1977 OMB standards for comparability with other reporting areas; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ 2Includes Aleuts and Eskimos. 3Includes Chinese, Filipino, Hawaiian, Japanese, and Other Asian or Pacific Islander. 4New ICD–10 code J09 (Influenza due to identified avian influenza virus) was added to the category in 2007. No deaths occurred from this cause in 2007. 5New ICD–10 code U04 (Severe acute respiratory syndrome [SARS]) was added to the category in 2007. No deaths occurred from this cause in 2007. 6Cause–of–death title was changed in 2007 to reflect the addition of SARS (ICD–10 code U04). 7Included in ‘‘Certain other intestinal infections (A04,A07–A09)’’ shown above. Beginning with data year 2006, ‘‘Enterocolitis due to Clostridium difficile (A04.7)’’ is shown separately at the bottom of tables showing 113 selected causes and is included in the list of rankable causes, see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’

65 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 19, May 20, 2010

Table 15. Death rates for 113 selected causes and Enterocolitis due to Clostridium difficile, by Hispanic origin, race for non-Hispanic population, and sex: United States, 2007 [Rates per 100,000 population in specified group. Populations used for computing death rates are postcensal estimates based on the 2000 census, estimated as of July 1, 2007; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ Race and Hispanic origin are reported separately on the death certificate. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. Data for Hispanic persons are not tabulated separately by race; data for non-Hispanic persons are tabulated by race. Data for Hispanic origin should be interpreted with caution because of inconsistencies between reporting Hispanic origin on death certificates and on censuses and surveys; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ The asterisks (*) preceding the cause-of-death codes indicate that they are not part of the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD–10), Second Edition; see ‘‘Technical Notes’’]

All origins1 Hispanic Non-Hispanic2

Both Both Both Cause of death (based on ICD–10, 2004) sexes Male Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Female

All causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 803.6 809.9 797.4 297.8 321.8 272.1 892.0 899.8 884.5

Salmonella infections . . . . . . . . . . . . (A01–A02) 0.0 * * * * * 0.0 * * Shigellosis and amebiasis . . . . . . . . . . . (A03,A06) * * * * * * * * * Certain other intestinal infections . . .(A04,A07–A09) 2.2 1.7 2.8 0.6 0.5 0.7 2.5 1.9 3.1 Tuberculosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A16–A19) 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1

Respiratory tuberculosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A16) 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 Other tuberculosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A17–A19) 0.0 0.1 0.0 * * * 0.0 0.1 0.0

Whooping cough . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A37) * * * * * * * * * Scarlet fever and erysipelas . . . . . . . . . (A38,A46) * * * * * * * * * Meningococcal infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A39) 0.0 0.0 0.0 * * * 0.0 0.0 0.0 Septicemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A40–A41) 11.5 10.7 12.4 4.2 4.0 4.3 12.8 11.9 13.7 Syphilis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A50–A53) 0.0 0.0 * * * * 0.0 0.0 * Acute poliomyelitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A80) * * * * * * * * * Arthropod-borne viral encephalitis . (A83–A84,A85.2) * * * * * * * * * Measles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (B05) * * * * * * * * * Viral hepatitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (B15–B19) 2.5 3.3 1.6 2.5 3.2 1.7 2.4 3.3 1.6 Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (B20–B24) 3.7 5.4 2.1 3.3 5.0 1.5 3.8 5.5 2.2 Malaria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (B50–B54) * * * * * * * * * Other and unspecified infectious and parasitic

diseases and their sequelae . . . . . . . . (A00,A05, A20–A36,A42–A44,A48–A49, A54–A79,A81–A82,

A85.0–A85.1,A85.8, A86–B04,B06–B09, B25–B49,B55–B99) 1.9 2.0 1.9 1.1 1.2 1.1 2.1 2.2 2.0

Malignant neoplasms . . . . . . . . . . . . (C00–C97) 186.6 197.0 176.5 60.8 61.6 59.9 208.7 222.2 195.9 Malignant neoplasms of lip, oral cavity and

pharynx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C00–C14) 2.7 3.7 1.7 0.8 1.1 0.5 3.0 4.2 1.9 Malignant neoplasm of esophagus . . . . . . (C15) 4.5 7.2 1.9 1.1 1.7 0.4 5.1 8.3 2.1 Malignant neoplasm of stomach . . . . . . . . (C16) 3.8 4.5 3.0 2.9 3.2 2.5 3.9 4.8 3.1 Malignant neoplasms of colon, rectum

and anus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C18–C21) 17.8 18.2 17.3 6.2 6.4 5.9 19.8 20.4 19.2 Malignant neoplasms of liver and

intrahepatic bile ducts . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C22) 5.7 7.6 3.8 4.2 5.3 2.9 5.9 8.0 3.9 Malignant neoplasm of pancreas . . . . . . . (C25) 11.3 11.5 11.1 3.9 3.7 4.1 12.6 13.0 12.3 Malignant neoplasm of larynx . . . . . . . . . (C32) 1.2 1.9 0.5 0.4 0.6 * 1.4 2.2 0.6 Malignant neoplasms of trachea,

bronchus and lung . . . . . . . . . . . . (C33–C34) 52.6 59.4 46.0 10.2 12.0 8.2 60.1 68.3 52.3 Malignant melanoma of skin . . . . . . . . . . (C43) 2.8 3.7 1.9 0.4 0.5 0.4 3.2 4.3 2.2 Malignant neoplasm of breast . . . . . . . . . (C50) 13.6 0.2 26.5 4.6 * 9.4 15.2 0.3 29.4 Malignant neoplasm of cervix uteri . . . . . . (C53) 1.3 . . . 2.6 1.0 . . . 2.2 1.4 . . . 2.7 Malignant neoplasms of corpus uteri

and uterus, part unspecified . . . . . . (C54–C55) 2.5 . . . 4.9 0.9 . . . 1.8 2.8 . . . 5.4 Malignant neoplasm of ovary . . . . . . . . . (C56) 4.8 . . . 9.6 1.7 . . . 3.5 5.4 . . . 10.6 Malignant neoplasm of prostate . . . . . . . . (C61) 9.6 19.6 . . . 3.1 6.1 . . . 10.8 22.1 . . . Malignant neoplasms of kidney and

renal pelvis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C64–C65) 4.2 5.4 3.1 1.9 2.5 1.3 4.6 5.9 3.4 Malignant neoplasm of bladder . . . . . . . . (C67) 4.6 6.5 2.7 1.0 1.5 0.6 5.2 7.4 3.1 Malignant neoplasms of meninges,

brain and other parts of central nervous system . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C70–C72) 4.4 4.9 3.9 1.8 1.9 1.7 4.8 5.5 4.2

Malignant neoplasms of lymphoid, hematopoietic and related tissue . . . (C81–C96) 18.2 20.3 16.2 7.2 7.5 7.0 20.2 22.7 17.7 Hodgkin’s disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C81) 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.4 Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma . . . . . . . (C82–C85) 6.8 7.4 6.2 2.7 2.8 2.6 7.5 8.3 6.8 Leukemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C91–C95) 7.2 8.3 6.2 2.8 3.0 2.7 8.0 9.3 6.8 Multiple myeloma and immunoproliferative

neoplasms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C88,C90) 3.7 4.1 3.4 1.5 1.5 1.4 4.2 4.6 3.7

See footnotes at end of table.

66 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 19, May 20, 2010

Table 15. Death rates for 113 selected causes and Enterocolitis due to Clostridium difficile, by Hispanic origin, race for non-Hispanic population, and sex: United States, 2007—Con. [Rates per 100,000 population in specified group. Populations used for computing death rates are postcensal estimates based on the 2000 census, estimated as of July 1, 2007; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ Race and Hispanic origin are reported separately on the death certificate. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. Data for Hispanic persons are not tabulated separately by race; data for non-Hispanic persons are tabulated by race. Data for Hispanic origin should be interpreted with caution because of inconsistencies between reporting Hispanic origin on death certificates and on censuses and surveys; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ The asterisks (*) preceding the cause-of-death codes indicate that they are not part of the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD–10), Second Edition; see ‘‘Technical Notes’’]

All origins1 Hispanic Non-Hispanic2

Both Both Both Cause of death (based on ICD–10, 2004) sexes Male Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Female

Other and unspecified malignant neoplasms of lymphoid, hematopoietic and related tissue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C96) 0.0 0.0 0.0 * * * 0.0 0.0 0.0

All other and unspecified malignant neoplasms . . (C17,C23–C24,C26–C31, C37–C41,

C44–C49,C51–C52,C57–C60, C62–C63,C66,C68–C69,C73–C80,C97) 21.0 22.1 19.8 7.5 7.6 7.5 23.3 24.8 21.9

In situ neoplasms, benign neoplasms and neoplasms of uncertain or unknown behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (D00–D48) 4.7 4.9 4.5 1.5 1.4 1.7 5.3 5.5 5.0

Anemias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (D50–D64) 1.6 1.3 1.9 0.5 0.5 0.5 1.8 1.5 2.1 Diabetes mellitus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (E10–E14) 23.7 23.9 23.5 14.1 13.6 14.6 25.3 25.8 24.9 Nutritional deficiencies . . . . . . . . . . . . (E40–E64) 0.9 0.7 1.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 1.1 0.8 1.3

Malnutrition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (E40–E46) 0.9 0.7 1.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 1.0 0.8 1.2 Other nutritional deficiencies . . . . . . . (E50–E64) 0.1 0.1 0.1 * * * 0.1 0.1 0.1

Meningitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (G00,G03) 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Parkinson’s disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . (G20–G21) 6.7 7.8 5.6 1.7 1.9 1.5 7.5 8.9 6.2 Alzheimer’s disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (G30) 24.7 14.7 34.5 5.4 3.4 7.6 28.2 16.8 39.0 Major cardiovascular diseases . . . . . . . . (I00–I78) 267.3 261.0 273.3 85.0 86.0 84.0 299.2 293.3 304.8

Diseases of heart . . . . . (I00–I09,I11,I13,I20–I51) 204.3 208.4 200.2 63.8 66.6 60.8 228.8 234.6 223.3 Acute rheumatic fever and chronic

rheumatic heart diseases . . . . . . . (I00–I09) 1.1 0.7 1.4 0.3 0.2 0.5 1.2 0.8 1.6 Hypertensive heart disease . . . . . . . . . . (I11) 10.2 9.6 10.8 3.8 3.9 3.6 11.3 10.6 12.0 Hypertensive heart and renal disease . . . . (I13) 1.0 0.9 1.1 0.4 0.4 0.4 1.1 1.0 1.2 Ischemic heart diseases . . . . . . . . . (I20–I25) 134.7 145.3 124.4 44.9 48.0 41.6 150.4 163.3 138.1

Acute myocardial infarction . . . . . . (I21–I22) 44.1 48.2 40.0 14.9 16.0 13.8 49.2 54.2 44.4 Other acute ischemic heart diseases . . . (I24) 1.4 1.5 1.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 1.6 1.7 1.4 Other forms of chronic ischemic heart

disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (I20,I25) 89.3 95.6 83.1 29.8 31.8 27.6 99.7 107.4 92.3 Atherosclerotic cardiovascular

disease, so described . . . . . . . . . (I25.0) 19.6 22.5 16.8 7.1 8.8 5.3 21.7 24.9 18.6 All other forms of chronic ischemic heart

disease . . . . . . . . . . . (I20,I25.1–I25.9) 69.7 73.2 66.3 22.7 23.0 22.3 78.0 82.5 73.6 Other heart diseases . . . . . . . . . . . (I26–I51) 57.3 51.9 62.5 14.3 14.0 14.7 64.8 59.0 70.4

Acute and subacute endocarditis . . . . . (I33) 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.4 0.5 0.4 Diseases of pericardium and acute

myocarditis . . . . . . . . . . . . (I30–I31,I40) 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.3 Heart failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (I50) 18.8 15.4 22.0 4.2 3.6 4.8 21.3 17.6 24.9 All other forms of heart disease . (I26–I28,

I34–I38,I42–I49,I51) 37.8 35.7 39.9 9.8 10.0 9.7 42.7 40.5 44.9 Essential hypertension and

hypertensive renal disease . . . . . . (I10,I12,I15) 7.9 6.3 9.5 3.1 2.7 3.4 8.8 7.0 10.5 Cerebrovascular diseases . . . . . . . . . (I60–I69) 45.1 36.4 53.5 15.6 14.1 17.1 50.3 40.5 59.6 Atherosclerosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (I70) 2.7 2.2 3.3 0.7 0.6 0.9 3.1 2.5 3.7 Other diseases of circulatory system . . . (I71–I78) 7.3 7.7 6.8 1.9 2.1 1.8 8.2 8.8 7.7

Aortic aneurysm and dissection . . . . . . . (I71) 4.3 5.1 3.6 1.0 1.3 0.8 4.9 5.8 4.0 Other diseases of arteries, arterioles and

capillaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (I72–I78) 3.0 2.6 3.3 0.9 0.8 1.0 3.3 3.0 3.7 Other disorders of circulatory system . . . . (I80–I99) 1.4 1.3 1.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 1.5 1.4 1.6 Influenza and pneumonia . . . . . . . . . . (J09–J18)4 17.5 16.2 18.7 6.0 5.8 6.3 19.5 18.1 20.8

Influenza . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (J09–J11)4 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 * * 0.1 0.1 0.2 Pneumonia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (J12–J18) 17.3 16.1 18.6 5.9 5.7 6.2 19.3 18.0 20.6

Other acute lower respiratory infections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (J20–J22,U04)5 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 * * 0.1 0.1 0.1 Acute bronchitis and bronchiolitis . . . . . (J20–J21) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 * * 0.1 0.1 0.1 Other and unspecified acute lower

respiratory infections . . . . . . . . . . (J22,U04)5,6 0.0 * 0.0 * * * 0.0 * 0.0 Chronic lower respiratory diseases . . . . . (J40–J47) 42.4 41.2 43.6 7.8 8.1 7.4 48.5 47.3 49.6

Bronchitis, chronic and unspecified . . . . (J40–J42) 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.1 * 0.2 0.2 0.3 Emphysema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(J43) 4.2 4.4 4.0 0.6 0.8 0.5 4.9 5.1 4.6

See footnotes at end of table.

67 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 19, May 20, 2010

Table 15. Death rates for 113 selected causes and Enterocolitis due to Clostridium difficile, by Hispanic origin, race for non-Hispanic population, and sex: United States, 2007—Con. [Rates per 100,000 population in specified group. Populations used for computing death rates are postcensal estimates based on the 2000 census, estimated as of July 1, 2007; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ Race and Hispanic origin are reported separately on the death certificate. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. Data for Hispanic persons are not tabulated separately by race; data for non-Hispanic persons are tabulated by race. Data for Hispanic origin should be interpreted with caution because of inconsistencies between reporting Hispanic origin on death certificates and on censuses and surveys; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ The asterisks (*) preceding the cause-of-death codes indicate that they are not part of the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD–10), Second Edition; see ‘‘Technical Notes’’]

All origins1 Hispanic Non-Hispanic2

Both Both Both Cause of death (based on ICD–10, 2004) sexes Male Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Female

Asthma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (J45–J46) 1.1 0.9 1.4 0.5 0.5 0.6 1.3 0.9 1.6 Other chronic lower respiratory

diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (J44,J47) 36.8 35.7 37.9 6.5 6.7 6.3 42.1 41.1 43.1 Pneumoconioses and chemical

effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (J60–J66,J68) 0.3 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.1 * 0.3 0.7 0.0 Pneumonitis due to solids and liquids . . . . . . .(J69) 5.6 6.0 5.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 6.4 6.9 5.9 Other diseases of respiratory

system . . . . . . . .(J00–J06,J30–J39,J67,J70–J98) 9.5 9.6 9.3 3.8 3.8 3.8 10.4 10.7 10.2 Peptic ulcer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (K25–K28) 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.3 0.4 0.3 1.1 1.1 1.2 Diseases of appendix . . . . . . . . . . . . (K35–K38) 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 * * 0.2 0.2 0.1 Hernia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (K40–K46) 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.6 0.5 0.7 Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis . .(K70,K73–K74) 9.7 12.9 6.5 8.6 11.9 5.1 9.8 13.0 6.8

Alcoholic liver disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . (K70) 4.8 7.1 2.5 4.7 7.5 1.6 4.8 7.0 2.7 Other chronic liver disease and

cirrhosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (K73–K74) 4.9 5.8 4.0 3.9 4.3 3.5 5.1 6.0 4.1 Cholelithiasis and other disorders of

gallbladder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (K80–K82) 1.1 1.0 1.2 0.5 0.5 0.5 1.2 1.1 1.3 Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome and

nephrosis . . . . . . . (N00–N07,N17–N19,N25–N27) 15.4 15.2 15.6 5.9 5.8 6.0 17.1 17.0 17.2 Acute and rapidly progressive nephritic and

nephrotic syndrome . . . . . . . . (N00–N01,N04) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 * * 0.1 0.1 0.1 Chronic glomerulonephritis, nephritis and

nephropathy not specified as acute or chronic, and renal sclerosis unspecified . . . . . . . (N02–N03,N05–N07,N26) 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.4 0.4 0.3 1.1 1.1 1.1

Renal failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (N17–N19) 14.3 14.2 14.5 5.5 5.3 5.6 15.9 15.8 16.0 Other disorders of kidney . . . . . . . . (N25,N27) 0.0 * * * * * 0.0 * *

Infections of kidney . . . . . (N10–N12,N13.6,N15.1) 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.1 * 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 Hyperplasia of prostate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (N40) 0.2 0.3 . . . 0.1 0.1 . . . 0.2 0.4 . . . Inflammatory diseases of female pelvic

organs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (N70–N76) 0.0 . . . 0.1 * . . . * 0.0 . . . 0.1 Pregnancy, childbirth and

the puerperium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (O00–O99) 0.3 . . . 0.5 0.3 . . . 0.6 0.2 . . . 0.5 Pregnancy with abortive outcome . . . . (O00–O07) 0.0 . . . 0.0 * . . . * 0.0 . . . 0.0 Other complications of pregnancy, childbirth and

the puerperium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (O10–O99) 0.2 . . . 0.5 0.3 . . . 0.6 0.2 . . . 0.5 Certain conditions originating in the perinatal

period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (P00–P96) 4.8 5.5 4.2 6.5 7.0 5.9 4.5 5.2 3.8 Congenital malformations, deformations and

chromosomal abnormalities . . . . . . . . (Q00–Q99) 3.5 3.7 3.2 4.4 4.5 4.2 3.3 3.5 3.1 Symptoms, signs and abnormal clinical and

laboratory findings, not elsewhere classified . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (R00–R99) 11.1 9.6 12.6 4.3 4.8 3.7 12.3 10.5 14.0

All other diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(Residual) 79.0 64.9 92.7 25.7 23.5 28.1 88.3 72.5 103.4 Accidents (unintentional injuries) . . . . . . (V01–X59,

Y85–Y86) 41.0 53.7 28.7 25.8 37.6 13.1 43.6 56.5 31.2 Transport accidents . . . . . . . . . .(V01–V99,Y85) 15.5 22.5 8.8 13.4 19.7 6.7 15.9 22.9 9.1

Motor-vehicle accidents . . . . . . . . . (V02–V04, V09.0,V09.2,V12–V14,V19.0–V19.2,

V19.4–V19.6,V20–V79,V80.3–V80.5, V81.0–V81.1,V82.0–V82.1,V83–V86,

V87.0–V87.8,V88.0–V88.8,V89.0, V89.2) 14.6 20.9 8.4 12.8 18.7 6.5 14.8 21.3 8.7 Other land transport accidents . . . . . . . (V01,

V05–V06,V09.1,V09.3–V09.9, V10–V11, V15–V18,V19.3,V19.8– V19.9,V80.0–V80.2,

V80.6–V80.9, V81.2–V81.9,V82.2–V82.9, V87.9, V88.9,V89.1,V89.3,V89.9) 0.4 0.6 0.1 0.4 0.6 0.1 0.4 0.6 0.2

See footnotes at end of table.

68 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 19, May 20, 2010

Table 15. Death rates for 113 selected causes and Enterocolitis due to Clostridium difficile, by Hispanic origin, race for non-Hispanic population, and sex: United States, 2007—Con. [Rates per 100,000 population in specified group. Populations used for computing death rates are postcensal estimates based on the 2000 census, estimated as of July 1, 2007; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ Race and Hispanic origin are reported separately on the death certificate. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. Data for Hispanic persons are not tabulated separately by race; data for non-Hispanic persons are tabulated by race. Data for Hispanic origin should be interpreted with caution because of inconsistencies between reporting Hispanic origin on death certificates and on censuses and surveys; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ The asterisks (*) preceding the cause-of-death codes indicate that they are not part of the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD–10), Second Edition; see ‘‘Technical Notes’’]

All origins1 Hispanic Non-Hispanic2

Both Both Both Cause of death (based on ICD–10, 2004) sexes Male Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Female

Water, air and space, and other and unspecified transport accidents and their sequelae . . . . . . . .(V90–V99,Y85) 0.6 1.0 0.2 0.3 0.5 * 0.7 1.1 0.2

Nontransport accidents . . . . . . . (W00–X59,Y86) 25.5 31.2 19.9 12.3 17.9 6.4 27.7 33.6 22.1 Falls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(W00–W19) 7.5 7.8 7.2 2.7 3.2 2.0 8.3 8.6 8.1 Accidental discharge of firearms. . . .(W32–W34) 0.2 0.4 0.0 0.1 0.2 * 0.2 0.4 0.1 Accidental drowning and

submersion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(W65–W74) 1.1 1.8 0.5 1.1 1.7 0.3 1.2 1.8 0.5 Accidental exposure to smoke, fire and

flames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X00–X09) 1.1 1.3 0.9 0.5 0.6 0.4 1.2 1.4 1.0 Accidental poisoning and exposure to

noxious substances . . . . . . . . . . (X40–X49) 9.9 13.2 6.7 5.4 8.3 2.2 10.7 14.1 7.4 Other and unspecified nontransport

accidents and their sequelae . . . . (W20– W31, W35–W64,W75–W99,X10–X39, X50–X59,Y86) 5.7 6.7 4.6 2.6 3.7 1.4 6.2 7.3 5.1

Intentional self-harm (suicide) . . . . . . . . . . . . . (*U03,X60–X84,Y87.0) 11.5 18.3 4.8 5.4 8.8 1.8 12.5 20.1 5.3 Intentional self-harm (suicide) by discharge of

firearms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X72–X74) 5.8 10.2 1.4 2.0 3.6 0.3 6.4 11.4 1.6 Intentional self-harm (suicide) by other and

unspecified means and their sequelae . . . . . (*U03,X60–X71,X75–X84, Y87.0) 5.7 8.1 3.4 3.4 5.2 1.4 6.1 8.7 3.7

Assault (homicide). . . . .(*U01–*U02,X85–Y09,Y87.1) 6.1 9.8 2.5 7.6 12.4 2.5 5.8 9.2 2.5 Assault (homicide) by discharge of

firearms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (*U01.4,X93–X95) 4.2 7.2 1.2 5.2 9.1 1.1 4.0 6.9 1.2 Assault (homicide) by other and

unspecified means and their sequelae . . . . . . (*U01.0–*U01.3,*U01.5–*U01.9,

*U02,X85–X92,X96–Y09,Y87.1) 1.9 2.5 1.3 2.4 3.4 1.3 1.8 2.4 1.3 Legal intervention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(Y35,Y89.0) 0.1 0.3 * 0.2 0.4 * 0.1 0.2 * Events of undetermined

intent. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Y10–Y34,Y87.2,Y89.9) 1.8 2.3 1.3 0.7 1.0 0.5 2.0 2.5 1.5 Discharge of firearms, undetermined

intent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Y22–Y24) 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.1 * 0.1 0.2 0.0 Other and unspecified events of

undetermined intent and their sequelae . . . . . (Y10–Y21,Y25–Y34,Y87.2,Y89.9) 1.7 2.1 1.3 0.7 0.9 0.4 1.9 2.3 1.4

Operations of war and their sequelae . . .(Y36,Y89.1) 0.0 0.0 * * * * * * * Complications of medical and surgical

care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(Y40–Y84,Y88) 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.3 0.3 0.3 1.0 0.9 1.0

Enterocolitis due to Clostridium difficile . . . . (A04.7)7 2.1 1.6 2.6 0.5 0.5 0.7 2.4 1.8 2.9

See footnotes at end of table.

69 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 19, May 20, 2010

Table 15. Death rates for 113 selected causes and Enterocolitis due to Clostridium difficile, by Hispanic origin, race for non-Hispanic population, and sex: United States, 2007—Con. [Rates per 100,000 population in specified group. Populations used for computing death rates are postcensal estimates based on the 2000 census, estimated as of July 1, 2007; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ Race and Hispanic origin are reported separately on the death certificate. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. Data for Hispanic persons are not tabulated separately by race; data for non-Hispanic persons are tabulated by race. Data for Hispanic origin should be interpreted with caution because of inconsistencies between reporting Hispanic origin on death certificates and on censuses and surveys; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ The asterisks (*) preceding the cause-of-death codes indicate that they are not part of the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD–10), Second Edition; see ‘‘Technical Notes’’]

Non-Hispanic white3 Non-Hispanic black3

Both Both Cause of death (based on ICD–10, 2004) sexes Male Female sexes Male Female

All causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 964.1 960.4 967.6 750.7 805.1 701.0

Salmonella infections . . . . . . . . . . . . (A01–A02) 0.0 * * * * * Shigellosis and amebiasis . . . . . . . . . . . (A03,A06) * * * * * * Certain other intestinal infections . . .(A04,A07–A09) 3.0 2.3 3.7 1.1 0.9 1.3 Tuberculosis . . . . . . . . . (A16–A19) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.2

Respiratory tuberculosis. . . . . . .(A16) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.1 Other tuberculosis . . . . . . (A17–A19) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 *

Whooping cough . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A37) * * * * * * Scarlet fever and erysipelas . . . . . . . . . (A38,A46) * * * * * * Meningococcal infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A39) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 * * Septicemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A40–A41) 12.9 11.8 13.9 16.4 15.4 17.2 Syphilis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A50–A53) * * * 0.1 * * Acute poliomyelitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A80) * * * * * * Arthropod-borne viral encephalitis . (A83–A84,A85.2) * * * * * * Measles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (B05) * * * * * * Viral hepatitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (B15–B19) 2.4 3.3 1.6 2.7 3.7 1.8 Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (B20–B24) 1.6 2.7 0.5 16.8 22.7 11.4 Malaria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (B50–B54) * * * * * * Other and unspecified infectious and parasitic

diseases and their sequelae . . . . . . . . (A00,A05, A20–A36,A42–A44,A48–A49, A54–A79,A81–A82,

A85.0–A85.1,A85.8, A86–B04,B06–B09, B25–B49,B55–B99) 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.0 2.2 1.8

Malignant neoplasms . . . . . . . . . . . . (C00–C97) 226.9 240.6 213.7 166.3 180.1 153.7 Malignant neoplasms of lip, oral cavity and

pharynx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C00–C14) 3.2 4.3 2.0 2.8 4.2 1.5 Malignant neoplasm of esophagus . . . . . . (C15) 5.7 9.2 2.3 3.8 5.8 2.0 Malignant neoplasm of stomach . . . . . . . . (C16) 3.6 4.4 2.8 5.2 6.5 4.0 Malignant neoplasms of colon, rectum

and anus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C18–C21) 21.1 21.7 20.5 18.0 18.8 17.2 Malignant neoplasms of liver and

intrahepatic bile ducts . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C22) 5.8 7.7 4.0 5.9 8.7 3.3 Malignant neoplasm of pancreas . . . . . . . (C25) 13.6 14.1 13.1 10.6 10.3 10.8 Malignant neoplasm of larynx . . . . . . . . . (C32) 1.4 2.2 0.6 1.7 3.0 0.6 Malignant neoplasms of trachea,

bronchus and lung . . . . . . . . . . . . (C33–C34) 66.7 74.6 59.0 42.9 53.6 33.2 Malignant melanoma of skin . . . . . . . . . . (C43) 4.0 5.4 2.7 0.3 0.3 0.4 Malignant neoplasm of breast . . . . . . . . . (C50) 16.0 0.3 31.1 15.2 0.3 28.8 Malignant neoplasm of cervix uteri . . . . . . (C53) 1.3 . . . 2.5 2.1 . . . 4.0 Malignant neoplasms of corpus uteri

and uterus, part unspecified . . . . . . (C54–C55) 2.8 . . . 5.4 3.4 . . . 6.4 Malignant neoplasm of ovary . . . . . . . . . (C56) 6.1 . . . 12.0 3.0 . . . 5.8 Malignant neoplasm of prostate . . . . . . . . (C61) 11.1 22.5 . . . 12.8 26.7 . . . Malignant neoplasms of kidney and

renal pelvis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C64–C65) 5.1 6.5 3.8 3.2 4.1 2.4 Malignant neoplasm of bladder . . . . . . . . (C67) 6.0 8.7 3.5 2.7 3.1 2.3 Malignant neoplasms of meninges,

brain and other parts of central nervous system . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C70–C72) 5.7 6.4 4.9 2.0 2.2 1.9

Malignant neoplasms of lymphoid, hematopoietic and related tissue . . . (C81–C96) 22.4 25.3 19.6 13.6 14.5 12.8 Hodgkin’s disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C81) 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.3 Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma . . . . . . . (C82–C85) 8.6 9.4 7.9 3.6 4.1 3.2 Leukemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C91–C95) 9.1 10.6 7.6 4.7 5.2 4.3 Multiple myeloma and immunoproliferative

neoplasms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C88,C90) 4.2 4.8 3.7 4.9 4.8 5.0

See footnotes at end of table.

70 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 19, May 20, 2010

Table 15. Death rates for 113 selected causes and Enterocolitis due to Clostridium difficile, by Hispanic origin, race for non-Hispanic population, and sex: United States, 2007—Con. [Rates per 100,000 population in specified group. Populations used for computing death rates are postcensal estimates based on the 2000 census, estimated as of July 1, 2007; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ Race and Hispanic origin are reported separately on the death certificate. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. Data for Hispanic persons are not tabulated separately by race; data for non-Hispanic persons are tabulated by race. Data for Hispanic origin should be interpreted with caution because of inconsistencies between reporting Hispanic origin on death certificates and on censuses and surveys; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ The asterisks (*) preceding the cause-of-death codes indicate that they are not part of the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD–10), Second Edition; see ‘‘Technical Notes’’]

Non-Hispanic white3 Non-Hispanic black3

Both Both Cause of death (based on ICD–10, 2004) sexes Male Female sexes Male Female

Other and unspecified malignant neoplasms of lymphoid, hematopoietic and related tissue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C96) 0.0 0.0 0.0 * * *

All other and unspecified malignant neoplasms . (C17,C23–C24,C26–C31, C37–C41,

C44–C49,C51–C52,C57–C60, C62–C63, C66,C68–C69,C73–C80,C97) 25.5 27.2 23.9 17.3 18.2 16.5

In situ neoplasms, benign neoplasms and neoplasms of uncertain or unknown behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (D00–D48) 5.9 6.2 5.7 3.1 3.2 3.0

Anemias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (D50–D64) 1.8 1.4 2.1 2.5 2.4 2.6 Diabetes mellitus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (E10–E14) 24.9 25.9 23.9 32.4 29.9 34.6 Nutritional deficiencies . . . . . . . . . . . . (E40–E64) 1.1 0.8 1.4 1.0 0.9 1.1

Malnutrition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (E40–E46) 1.0 0.8 1.3 1.0 0.9 1.1 Other nutritional deficiencies . . . . . . . (E50–E64) 0.1 0.1 0.1 * * *

Meningitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (G00,G03) 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.3 Parkinson’s disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . (G20–G21) 9.0 10.6 7.5 2.1 2.4 1.8 Alzheimer’s disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (G30) 33.0 19.6 46.0 12.4 7.1 17.2 Major cardiovascular diseases . . . . . . . . (I00–I78) 324.4 315.2 333.4 249.2 253.7 245.1

Diseases of heart . . . . . (I00–I09,I11,I13,I20–I51) 249.9 254.3 245.5 184.7 193.7 176.4 Acute rheumatic fever and chronic

rheumatic heart diseases . . . . . . . (I00–I09) 1.3 0.9 1.8 0.6 0.5 0.8 Hypertensive heart disease . . . . . . . . . . (I11) 10.6 9.4 11.7 18.4 19.9 17.1 Hypertensive heart and renal disease . . . . (I13) 0.9 0.8 1.1 2.1 2.2 2.1 Ischemic heart diseases . . . . . . . . . (I20–I25) 166.0 179.9 152.6 110.5 118.0 103.6

Acute myocardial infarction . . . . . . (I21–I22) 54.2 60.0 48.7 36.6 38.1 35.3 Other acute ischemic heart diseases . . . (I24) 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.4 1.6 1.2 Other forms of chronic ischemic heart

disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (I20,I25) 110.1 118.2 102.4 72.5 78.4 67.2 Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, so described . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (I25.0) 22.5 25.5 19.6 23.1 27.9 18.7 All other forms of chronic ischemic heart disease . . . . . . . . . . . . (I20,I25.1–I25.9) 87.6 92.7 82.7 49.4 50.5 48.5

Other heart diseases . . . . . . . . . . . (I26–I51) 71.0 63.4 78.3 53.0 53.1 52.8 Acute and subacute endocarditis . . . . . (I33) 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.4 Diseases of pericardium and acute

myocarditis . . . . . . . . . . . . (I30–I31,I40) 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.3 Heart failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (I50) 24.1 19.7 28.4 14.3 12.8 15.7 All other forms of heart disease . (I26–I28,

I34–I38,I42–I49,I51) 46.1 42.9 49.3 37.7 39.1 36.4 Essential hypertension and hypertensive

renal disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (I10,I12,I15) 8.6 6.6 10.5 12.1 10.8 13.2 Cerebrovascular diseases . . . . . . . . . (I60–I69) 53.5 41.9 64.7 44.4 41.1 47.4 Atherosclerosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (I70) 3.5 2.8 4.3 1.7 1.4 1.9 Other diseases of circulatory system . . . (I71–I78) 9.0 9.6 8.4 6.4 6.7 6.1

Aortic aneurysm and dissection . . . . . . . (I71) 5.4 6.4 4.5 3.3 3.8 2.7 Other diseases of arteries, arterioles and

capillaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (I72–I78) 3.6 3.2 3.9 3.1 2.9 3.4 Other disorders of circulatory system . . . . (I80–I99) 1.5 1.4 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.7 Influenza and pneumonia . . . . . . . . . . (J09–J18)4 21.5 19.6 23.3 13.3 13.5 13.2

Influenza . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (J09–J11)4 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 * * Pneumonia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (J12–J18) 21.3 19.4 23.1 13.3 13.5 13.1

Other acute lower respiratory infections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (J20–J22,U04)5 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 * * Acute bronchitis and bronchiolitis . . . . . (J20–J21) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 * * Other and unspecified acute lower

respiratory infections . . . . . . . . . . (J22,U04)5,6 0.0 * 0.0 * * * Chronic lower respiratory diseases . . . . . (J40–J47) 56.9 54.7 59.1 20.5 22.9 18.4

Bronchitis, chronic and unspecified . . . . (J40–J42) 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.2

See footnotes at end of table.

71 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 19, May 20, 2010

Table 15. Death rates for 113 selected causes and Enterocolitis due to Clostridium difficile, by Hispanic origin, race for non-Hispanic population, and sex: United States, 2007—Con. [Rates per 100,000 population in specified group. Populations used for computing death rates are postcensal estimates based on the 2000 census, estimated as of July 1, 2007; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ Race and Hispanic origin are reported separately on the death certificate. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. Data for Hispanic persons are not tabulated separately by race; data for non-Hispanic persons are tabulated by race. Data for Hispanic origin should be interpreted with caution because of inconsistencies between reporting Hispanic origin on death certificates and on censuses and surveys; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ The asterisks (*) preceding the cause-of-death codes indicate that they are not part of the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD–10), Second Edition; see ‘‘Technical Notes’’]

Non-Hispanic white3 Non-Hispanic black3

Both Both Cause of death (based on ICD–10, 2004) sexes Male Female sexes Male Female

Emphysema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(J43) 5.8 5.9 5.6 1.9 2.5 1.4 Asthma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (J45–J46) 1.1 0.7 1.4 2.3 2.2 2.5 Other chronic lower respiratory

diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (J44,J47) 49.8 47.8 51.7 16.1 18.1 14.4 Pneumoconioses and chemical

effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (J60–J66,J68) 0.4 0.8 0.0 0.1 0.2 * Pneumonitis due to solids and liquids . . . . . . .(J69) 7.3 7.8 6.8 3.7 4.0 3.4 Other diseases of respiratory

system . . . . . . . .(J00–J06,J30–J39,J67,J70–J98) 11.7 11.9 11.4 6.7 6.8 6.6 Peptic ulcer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (K25–K28) 1.2 1.2 1.3 0.8 0.9 0.7 Diseases of appendix . . . . . . . . . . . . (K35–K38) 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 Hernia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (K40–K46) 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.4 0.5 0.4 Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis . .(K70,K73–K74) 10.7 14.2 7.4 6.6 9.1 4.3

Alcoholic liver disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . (K70) 5.2 7.6 2.9 3.1 4.6 1.7 Other chronic liver disease and

cirrhosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (K73–K74) 5.6 6.6 4.6 3.5 4.5 2.6 Cholelithiasis and other disorders of

gallbladder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (K80–K82) 1.3 1.2 1.4 0.8 0.6 0.9 Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome and

nephrosis . . . . . . . (N00–N07,N17–N19,N25–N27) 17.0 17.1 16.9 21.8 20.5 23.0 Acute and rapidly progressive nephritic and

nephrotic syndrome . . . . . . . . (N00–N01,N04) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 * * Chronic glomerulonephritis, nephritis and

nephropathy not specified as acute or chronic, and renal sclerosis unspecified . . . . . . . (N02–N03,N05–N07,N26) 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.4 1.2 1.5

Renal failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (N17–N19) 15.8 15.9 15.8 20.3 19.1 21.4 Other disorders of kidney . . . . . . . . (N25,N27) * * * * * *

Infections of kidney . . . . . (N10–N12,N13.6,N15.1) 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.2 Hyperplasia of prostate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (N40) 0.2 0.4 . . . 0.1 0.2 . . . Inflammatory diseases of female pelvic

organs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (N70–N76) 0.0 . . . 0.1 * . . . * Pregnancy, childbirth and the

puerperium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (O00–O99) 0.2 . . . 0.3 0.7 . . . 1.2 Pregnancy with abortive outcome . . . . (O00–O07) * . . . * * . . . * Other complications of pregnancy, childbirth and

the puerperium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (O10–O99) 0.2 . . . 0.3 0.6 . . . 1.2 Certain conditions originating in the perinatal

period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (P00–P96) 3.0 3.5 2.6 12.8 15.0 10.7 Congenital malformations, deformations and

chromosomal abnormalities . . . . . . . . (Q00–Q99) 3.1 3.3 2.9 4.6 5.0 4.3 Symptoms, signs and abnormal clinical and

laboratory findings, not elsewhere classified . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (R00–R99) 13.0 10.7 15.3 12.0 12.2 11.8

All other diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(Residual) 97.1 78.4 115.1 68.5 61.4 75.0 Accidents (unintentional injuries) .(V01–X59,Y85–Y86) 47.0 60.0 34.5 34.9 50.0 21.2

Transport accidents . . . . . . . . . .(V01–V99,Y85) 16.4 23.6 9.5 15.1 23.4 7.5 Motor-vehicle accidents . . . . . . . . . (V02–V04,

V09.0,V09.2,V12–V14,V19.0–V19.2, V19.4–V19.6,V20–V79,V80.3–V80.5, V81.0–V81.1,V82.0–V82.1,V83–V86,

V87.0–V87.8,V88.0–V88.8,V89.0, V89.2) 15.4 21.8 9.1 14.2 21.9 7.2 Other land transport accidents . . . . . . . (V01,

V05–V06,V09.1,V09.3–V09.9, V10–V11, V15–V18,V19.3,V19.8– V19.9,V80.0–V80.2,

V80.6–V80.9, V81.2–V81.9,V82.2–V82.9, V87.9, V88.9,V89.1,V89.3,V89.9) 0.3 0.5 0.1 0.4 0.7 0.2

See footnotes at end of table.

72 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 19, May 20, 2010

Table 15. Death rates for 113 selected causes and Enterocolitis due to Clostridium difficile, by Hispanic origin, race for non-Hispanic population, and sex: United States, 2007—Con. [Rates per 100,000 population in specified group. Populations used for computing death rates are postcensal estimates based on the 2000 census, estimated as of July 1, 2007; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ Race and Hispanic origin are reported separately on the death certificate. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. Data for Hispanic persons are not tabulated separately by race; data for non-Hispanic persons are tabulated by race. Data for Hispanic origin should be interpreted with caution because of inconsistencies between reporting Hispanic origin on death certificates and on censuses and surveys; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ The asterisks (*) preceding the cause-of-death codes indicate that they are not part of the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD–10), Second Edition; see ‘‘Technical Notes’’]

Non-Hispanic white3 Non-Hispanic black3

Both Both Cause of death (based on ICD–10, 2004) sexes Male Female sexes Male Female

Water, air and space, and other and unspecified transport accidents and their sequelae . . . . . . . . .(V90–V99,Y85) 0.7 1.2 0.3 0.5 0.8 0.1

Nontransport accidents . . . . . . . (W00–X59,Y86) 30.6 36.5 24.9 19.9 26.6 13.7 Falls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(W00–W19) 9.8 10.0 9.7 2.6 3.2 2.1 Accidental discharge of

firearms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(W32–W34) 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.6 * Accidental drowning and

submersion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(W65–W74) 1.1 1.7 0.5 1.3 2.3 0.5 Accidental exposure to smoke, fire and

flames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X00–X09) 1.1 1.3 0.9 2.0 2.5 1.6 Accidental poisoning and exposure to

noxious substances . . . . . . . . . . (X40–X49) 11.7 15.4 8.1 8.4 11.6 5.6 Other and unspecified nontransport

accidents and their sequelae . . . . (W20– W31, W35–W64,W75–W99,X10–X39, X50–X59,Y86) 6.7 7.7 5.6 5.2 6.4 4.0

Intentional self-harm (suicide) . (*U03,X60–X84,Y87.0) 14.4 22.9 6.1 5.0 8.6 1.7 Intentional self-harm (suicide) by discharge of

firearms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X72–X74) 7.5 13.3 1.9 2.6 4.8 0.5 Intentional self-harm (suicide) by other and

unspecified means and their sequelae . . . . . (*U03,X60–X71,X75–X84, Y87.0) 6.9 9.6 4.2 2.5 3.9 1.2

Assault (homicide). . . . .(*U01–*U02,X85–Y09,Y87.1) 2.7 3.7 1.8 22.9 41.1 6.4 Assault (homicide) by discharge of

firearms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (*U01.4,X93–X95) 1.5 2.2 0.9 18.0 34.0 3.4 Assault (homicide) by other and

unspecified means and their sequelae . . . . . . (*U01.0–*U01.3,*U01.5–*U01.9,

*U02,X85–X92,X96–Y09,Y87.1) 1.2 1.5 0.9 4.9 7.1 3.0 Legal intervention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(Y35,Y89.0) 0.1 0.2 * 0.3 0.7 * Events of undetermined

intent. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Y10–Y34,Y87.2,Y89.9) 2.0 2.5 1.6 2.0 2.8 1.2 Discharge of firearms, undetermined

intent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Y22–Y24) 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.3 * Other and unspecified events of

undetermined intent and their sequelae . . . . . (Y10–Y21,Y25–Y34,Y87.2,Y89.9) 2.0 2.4 1.6 1.8 2.6 1.1

Operations of war and their sequelae . . .(Y36,Y89.1) * * * * * * Complications of medical and surgical

care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(Y40–Y84,Y88) 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.2

Enterocolitis due to Clostridium difficile . . . . (A04.7)7 2.8 2.1 3.5 1.0 0.8 1.2

0.0 Quantity more than zero but less than 0.05. * Figure does not meet standards of reliability or precision; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ . . . Category not applicable. 1Figures for origin not stated are included in ‘‘all origins’’ but not distributed among specified origins. 2Includes races other than white and black. 3Race categories are consistent with the 1977 Office of Management and Budget (OMB) standards. Multiple–race data were reported by 27 states and the District of Columbia in 2007; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ The multiple-race data for these reporting areas were bridged to the single–race categories of the 1977 OMB standards for comparability with other reporting areas; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ 4New ICD–10 code J09 (Influenza due to identified avian influenza virus) was added to the category in 2007. No deaths occurred from this cause in 2007. 5New ICD–10 code U04 (Severe acute respiratory syndrome [SARS]) was added to the category in 2007. No deaths occurred from this cause in 2007. 6Cause–of–death title was changed in 2007 to reflect the addition of SARS (ICD–10 code U04). 7Included in ‘‘Certain other intestinal infections (A04,A07–A09)’’ shown above. Beginning with data year 2006, ‘‘Enterocolitis due to Clostridium difficile (A04.7)’’ is shown separately at the bottom of tables showing 113 selected causes and is included in the list of rankable causes; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’

73 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 19, May 20, 2010

Table 16. Age-adjusted death rates for 113 selected causes and Enterocolitis due to Clostridium difficile, by race and sex: United States, 2007 [Age-adjusted rates per 100,000 U.S. standard population; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ Populations used for computing death rates are postcensal estimates based on the 2000 census, estimated as of July 1, 2007; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ Data for specified races other than white and black should be interpreted with caution because of inconsistencies between reporting race on death certificates and on censuses and surveys; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ The asterisks (*) preceding the cause-of-death codes indicate that they are not part of the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD–10), Second Edition; see ‘‘Technical Notes’’]

All races White1 Black1

Cause of death (based on ICD–10, 2004) Both sexes Male Female

Both sexes Male Female

All causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Salmonella infections . . . . . . . . . . . . (A01–A02) Shigellosis and amebiasis . . . . . . . . . . . (A03,A06) Certain other intestinal infections . . .(A04,A07–A09) Tuberculosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A16–A19)

Respiratory tuberculosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A16) Other tuberculosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A17–A19)

Whooping cough . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A37) Scarlet fever and erysipelas . . . . . . . . . (A38,A46) Meningococcal infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A39) Septicemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A40–A41) Syphilis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A50–A53) Acute poliomyelitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A80) Arthropod-borne viral encephalitis . (A83–A84,A85.2) Measles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (B05) Viral hepatitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (B15–B19) Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (B20–B24) Malaria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (B50–B54) Other and unspecified infectious and parasitic

diseases and their sequelae . . . . . . . . (A00,A05, A20–A36,A42–A44,A48–A49,A54–A79,A81–A82,

A85.0–A85.1,A85.8,A86–B04,B06–B09, B25–B49,B55–B99)

Malignant neoplasms . . . . . . . . . . . . (C00–C97) Malignant neoplasms of lip, oral cavity and

pharynx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C00–C14) Malignant neoplasm of esophagus . . . . . . (C15) Malignant neoplasm of stomach . . . . . . . . (C16) Malignant neoplasms of colon, rectum

and anus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C18–C21) Malignant neoplasms of liver and

intrahepatic bile ducts . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C22) Malignant neoplasm of pancreas . . . . . . . (C25) Malignant neoplasm of larynx . . . . . . . . . (C32) Malignant neoplasms of trachea,

bronchus and lung . . . . . . . . . . . . (C33–C34) Malignant melanoma of skin . . . . . . . . . . (C43) Malignant neoplasm of breast . . . . . . . . . (C50) Malignant neoplasm of cervix uteri . . . . . . (C53) Malignant neoplasms of corpus uteri

and uterus, part unspecified . . . . . . (C54–C55) Malignant neoplasm of ovary . . . . . . . . . (C56) Malignant neoplasm of prostate . . . . . . . . (C61) Malignant neoplasms of kidney and

renal pelvis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C64–C65) Malignant neoplasm of bladder . . . . . . . . (C67) Malignant neoplasms of meninges,

brain and other parts of central nervous system . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C70–C72)

Malignant neoplasms of lymphoid, hematopoietic and related tissue . . . (C81–C96) Hodgkin’s disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C81) Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma . . . . . . . (C82–C85) Leukemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C91–C95) Multiple myeloma and immunoproliferative

neoplasms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C88,C90) Other and unspecified malignant neoplasms

of lymphoid, hematopoietic and related tissue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C96)

See footnotes at end of table.

760.2

0.0 *

2.1 0.2 0.1 0.0

* *

0.0 11.0 0.0

* * *

2.3

3.7 *

1.8 178.4

2.5 4.3 3.6

16.9

5.4 10.8

1.1

50.6 2.7

12.9 1.3

2.3 4.6 9.2

4.0 4.4

4.2

17.6 0.4 6.5 7.0

3.6

0.0

905.6

* *

2.1 0.2 0.2 0.0

* *

0.0 12.1 0.0

* * *

3.1

5.4 *

2.2 217.5

3.9 7.7 5.0

20.1

7.9 12.5

2.1

65.1 4.0 0.3 . . .

. . .

. . . 23.5

5.8 7.6

5.1

22.8 0.5 8.3 9.4

4.6

0.0

643.4

* *

2.2 0.1 0.1 0.0

* *

0.0 10.2

* * * *

1.5

2.1 *

1.6 151.3

1.4 1.6 2.6

14.4

3.2 9.4 0.4

40.0 1.7

22.9 2.4

4.2 8.2 . . .

2.6 2.2

3.5

13.7 0.3 5.2 5.3

2.9

0.0

749.4

0.0 *

2.2 0.1 0.1 0.0

* *

0.0 10.0 0.0

* * *

2.2

1.9 *

1.8 177.5

2.5 4.3 3.1

16.4

5.0 10.6

1.1

51.2 3.0

12.5 1.2

2.2 4.8 8.5

4.1 4.6

4.6

17.8 0.4 6.8 7.2

3.3

0.0

890.5

* *

2.2 0.2 0.1 0.0

* *

0.0 11.1

* * * *

3.0

3.1 *

2.1 215.1

3.7 7.8 4.4

19.6

7.2 12.4

1.9

64.8 4.5 0.3 . . .

. . .

. . . 21.6

5.9 8.0

5.5

23.2 0.5 8.6 9.7

4.4

0.0

634.8

* *

2.3 0.1 0.0 0.0

* *

0.0 9.3

* * * *

1.4

0.7 *

1.5 151.2

1.4 1.5 2.2

13.9

3.1 9.2 0.4

41.2 1.9

22.3 2.2

3.9 8.6 . . .

2.7 2.2

3.8

13.8 0.3 5.5 5.4

2.6

0.0

958.0

* *

1.6 0.4 0.3 0.1

* *

0.0 21.7 0.1

* * *

2.9

17.3 *

2.4 215.5

3.3 4.7 6.9

23.5

7.1 14.0

2.1

55.6 0.5

18.6 2.5

4.5 3.9

18.6

4.1 3.8

2.4

17.6 0.4 4.5 6.1

6.6

1,184.4

* *

1.6 0.6 0.5 0.2

* * *

24.6 * * * *

4.2

24.5 *

2.9 282.3

5.7 8.3

10.4

29.0

11.5 15.5

4.3

82.2 0.5 0.4 . . .

. . .

. . . 51.5

5.9 5.4

2.8

21.9 0.5 5.7 7.9

7.8

793.8

* *

1.6 0.2 0.2

* * * *

19.9 * * * *

1.9

11.3 *

2.0 174.9

1.6 2.2 4.6

19.8

3.8 12.7

0.6

38.1 0.4

31.4 4.3

7.5 6.5 . . .

2.7 2.8

2.1

14.8 0.3 3.6 5.0

5.9

74 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 19, May 20, 2010

Table 16. Age-adjusted death rates for 113 selected causes and Enterocolitis due to Clostridium difficile, by race and sex: United States, 2007—Con. [Age-adjusted rates per 100,000 U.S. standard population; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ Populations used for computing death rates are postcensal estimates based on the 2000 census, estimated as of July 1, 2007; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ Data for specified races other than white and black should be interpreted with caution because of inconsistencies between reporting race on death certificates and on censuses and surveys; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ The asterisks (*) preceding the cause-of-death codes indicate that they are not part of the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD–10), Second Edition; see ‘‘Technical Notes’’]

All races White1 Black1

Both Both Both Cause of death (based on ICD–10, 2004) sexes Male Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Female

All other and unspecified malignant neoplasms . . . . . . . .(C17,C23–C24,C26–C31,

C37–C41,C44–C49,C51–C52,C57–C60, C62–C63,C66,C68–C69,C73–C80,C97) 20.0 24.3 16.8 20.0 24.5 16.7 22.0 26.8 18.8

In situ neoplasms, benign neoplasms and neoplasms of uncertain or unknown behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (D00–D48) 4.5 5.6 3.7 4.6 5.8 3.8 4.1 5.2 3.4

Anemias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (D50–D64) 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.3 3.0 3.1 2.9 Diabetes mellitus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (E10–E14) 22.5 26.4 19.5 20.5 24.6 17.2 42.8 45.9 40.2 Nutritional deficiencies . . . . . . . . . . . . (E40–E64) 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.5 1.6 1.3

Malnutrition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (E40–E46) 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.8 1.4 1.6 1.3 Other nutritional deficiencies . . . . . . . (E50–E64) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 * * *

Meningitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (G00,G03) 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.3 Parkinson’s disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . (G20–G21) 6.4 9.6 4.3 6.8 10.2 4.6 3.2 4.9 2.2 Alzheimer’s disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (G30) 22.7 18.5 24.9 23.5 19.1 25.9 19.0 15.6 20.6 Major cardiovascular diseases . . . . . . . . (I00–I78) 249.9 298.9 210.4 244.1 292.7 204.6 335.0 403.5 284.2

Diseases of heart . . . . . (I00–I09,I11,I13,I20–I51) 190.9 237.7 154.0 187.8 234.8 150.5 247.3 305.9 204.5 Acute rheumatic fever and chronic rheumatic heart diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (I00–I09) 1.0 0.8 1.2 1.0 0.8 1.2 0.8 0.7 0.9 Hypertensive heart disease . . . . . . . . . . (I11) 9.5 10.3 8.4 8.1 8.6 7.2 23.3 28.4 19.3 Hypertensive heart and renal disease . . . . (I13) 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.7 0.8 0.7 2.8 3.4 2.4 Ischemic heart diseases . . . . . . . . . (I20–I25) 126.0 165.4 95.7 125.5 165.6 94.2 150.6 191.6 121.5

Acute myocardial infarction . . . . . . (I21–I22) 41.4 54.0 31.5 41.3 54.3 30.9 49.5 60.9 41.2 Other acute ischemic heart diseases . . . (I24) 1.3 1.6 1.0 1.2 1.5 1.0 1.8 2.4 1.4 Other forms of chronic ischemic heart

disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (I20,I25) 83.3 109.8 63.2 82.9 109.8 62.3 99.3 128.2 78.9 Atherosclerotic cardiovascular

disease, so described . . . . . . . . . (I25.0) 18.2 24.3 13.1 17.3 23.0 12.3 30.3 42.3 21.6 All other forms of chronic ischemic heart disease . . . . . . . . . . . . (I20,I25.1–I25.9) 65.1 85.5 50.1 65.6 86.7 49.9 69.1 85.8 57.4

Other heart diseases . . . . . . . . . . . (I26–I51) 53.4 60.2 48.0 52.6 59.0 47.3 69.7 81.9 60.4 Acute and subacute endocarditis . . . . . (I33) 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.7 1.0 0.4 Diseases of pericardium and acute

myocarditis . . . . . . . . . . . . (I30–I31,I40) 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.4 Heart failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (I50) 17.3 18.6 16.2 17.3 18.7 16.3 20.1 22.3 18.4 All other forms of heart disease . (I26–I28,

I34–I38,I42–I49,I51) 35.5 40.7 31.2 34.6 39.5 30.5 48.5 58.1 41.3 Essential hypertension and hypertensive renal disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (I10,I12,I15) 7.4 7.3 7.2 6.5 6.3 6.4 16.3 17.4 15.3 Cerebrovascular diseases . . . . . . . . . (I60–I69) 42.2 42.5 41.3 40.5 40.2 39.9 60.3 67.1 55.0 Atherosclerosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (I70) 2.5 2.6 2.4 2.6 2.7 2.4 2.4 2.6 2.3 Other diseases of circulatory system . . . (I71–I78) 6.9 8.8 5.5 6.8 8.8 5.3 8.6 10.6 7.2

Aortic aneurysm and dissection . . . . . . . (I71) 4.1 5.7 2.9 4.1 5.8 2.9 4.2 5.5 3.2 Other diseases of arteries, arterioles and

capillaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (I72–I78) 2.8 3.1 2.5 2.7 3.0 2.5 4.4 5.1 4.0 Other disorders of circulatory system . . . . (I80–I99) 1.3 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.1 2.2 2.4 1.9 Influenza and pneumonia . . . . . . . . . . (J09–J18)4 16.2 19.3 14.2 16.0 18.9 14.1 18.4 23.6 15.2

Influenza . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (J09–J11)4 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 * * Pneumonia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (J12–J18) 16.1 19.2 14.1 15.9 18.8 14.0 18.4 23.6 15.2

Other acute lower respiratory infections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (J20–J22,U04)5 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 * * Acute bronchitis and bronchiolitis . . . . . (J20–J21) 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 * * Other and unspecified acute lower

respiratory infections . . . . . . . . . . (J22,U04)5,6 0.0 * 0.0 0.0 * 0.0 * * * Chronic lower respiratory diseases . . . . . (J40–J47) 40.8 48.0 36.0 43.0 49.8 38.5 28.1 39.6 21.4

Bronchitis, chronic and unspecified . . . . (J40–J42) 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Emphysema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(J43) 4.1 5.1 3.4 4.3 5.3 3.7 2.6 4.2 1.6 Asthma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (J45–J46) 1.1 0.9 1.2 0.9 0.7 1.0 2.5 2.5 2.6 Other chronic lower respiratory

diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (J44,J47) 35.3 41.9 31.2 37.5 43.7 33.6 22.8 32.7 17.1

See footnotes at end of table.

75 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 19, May 20, 2010

All races White1 Black1

Cause of death (based on ICD–10, 2004) Both sexes Male Female

Both sexes Male Female

Pneumoconioses and chemical effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (J60–J66,J68)

Pneumonitis due to solids and liquids . . . . . . .(J69) Other diseases of respiratory

system . . . . . . . .(J00–J06,J30–J39,J67,J70–J98) Peptic ulcer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (K25–K28) Diseases of appendix . . . . . . . . . . . . (K35–K38) Hernia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (K40–K46) Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis . .(K70,K73–K74)

Alcoholic liver disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . (K70) Other chronic liver disease and

cirrhosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (K73–K74) Cholelithiasis and other disorders of

gallbladder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (K80–K82) Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome and

nephrosis . . . . . . . (N00–N07,N17–N19,N25–N27) Acute and rapidly progressive nephritic and

nephrotic syndrome . . . . . . . . (N00–N01,N04) Chronic glomerulonephritis, nephritis and

nephropathy not specified as acute or chronic, and renal sclerosis unspecified . . . . . . . (N02–N03,N05–N07,N26)

Renal failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (N17–N19) Other disorders of kidney . . . . . . . . (N25,N27)

Infections of kidney . . . . . (N10–N12,N13.6,N15.1) Hyperplasia of prostate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (N40) Inflammatory diseases of female pelvic

organs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (N70–N76) Pregnancy, childbirth and the

puerperium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (O00–O99) Pregnancy with abortive outcome . . . . (O00–O07) Other complications of pregnancy, childbirth and

the puerperium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (O10–O99) Certain conditions originating in the perinatal

period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (P00–P96) Congenital malformations, deformations and

chromosomal abnormalities . . . . . . . . (Q00–Q99) Symptoms, signs and abnormal clinical and

laboratory findings, not elsewhere classified . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (R00–R99)

All other diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (residual) Accidents (unintentional injuries) . . . . . . (V01–X59,

Y85–Y86) Transport accidents . . . . . . . . . .(V01–V99,Y85)

Motor-vehicle accidents . . . . . . . . . (V02–V04, V09.0,V09.2,V12–V14,V19.0–V19.2,

V19.4–V19.6,V20–V79,V80.3–V80.5, V81.0–V81.1,V82.0–V82.1,V83–V86,

V87.0–V87.8,V88.0–V88.8,V89.0,V89.2) Other land transport accidents . . . . . . . (V01,

V05–V06,V09.1,V09.3–V09.9,V10–V11, V15–V18,V19.3,V19.8–V19.9,V80.0–V80.2,

V80.6–V80.9,V81.2–V81.9,V82.2–V82.9, V87.9,V88.9,V89.1,V89.3,V89.9)

Water, air and space, and other and unspecified transport accidents and their sequelae . . . . . . . .(V90–V99,Y85)

See footnotes at end of table.

0.3 5.2

9.0 1.0 0.1 0.5 9.1 4.5

4.6

1.0

14.5

0.1

0.9 13.6 0.0 0.2 0.1

0.0

0.3 0.0

0.3

4.7

3.4

10.4 73.8

40.0 15.3

14.4

0.3

0.6

0.7 7.3

11.1 1.1 0.2 0.5

12.7 6.8

5.9

1.1

17.8

0.1

1.2 16.5

* 0.2 0.4

. . .

5.2

3.6

10.5 73.6

55.2 22.4

20.9

0.6

1.0

0.0 4.0

7.6 0.8 0.1 0.5 5.9 2.3

3.5

0.9

12.5

0.0

0.8 11.6

* 0.2 . . .

0.1

0.5 0.0

0.5

4.2

3.2

9.8 72.2

25.8 8.6

8.2

0.1

0.2

0.3 5.3

9.1 1.0 0.1 0.5 9.4 4.7

4.8

1.0

13.2

0.1

0.8 12.3

* 0.2 0.1

0.0

0.2 *

0.2

3.7

3.3

10.0 73.3

41.5 15.8

14.8

0.3

0.6

0.8 7.4

11.2 1.1 0.2 0.5

13.1 7.1

6.0

1.1

16.5

0.1

1.1 15.3

* 0.2 0.4

. . .

4.1

3.5

10.2 72.9

56.8 22.9

21.3

0.5

1.0

0.0 4.0

7.7 0.8 0.1 0.5 6.1 2.4

3.7

0.9

11.0

0.0

0.7 10.3

* 0.2 . . .

0.1

0.4 *

0.4

3.3

3.1

9.5 71.9

26.9 8.9

8.5

0.1

0.2

0.2 5.3

8.6 1.0 0.2 0.6 7.4 3.4

4.0

1.1

29.4

0.1

1.9 27.4

* 0.2 0.2

0.0

0.6 *

0.5

9.8

3.9

13.9 89.7

36.6 15.0

14.1

0.4

0.5

0.4 7.5

10.3 1.4 0.2 0.7

11.0 5.5

5.5

1.1

33.7

2.2 31.4

* 0.2 0.5

. . .

10.8

4.0

15.2 94.3

54.8 24.1

22.5

0.7

0.9

* 4.0

7.5 0.7 0.2 0.5 4.5 1.8

2.8

1.0

26.7

1.7 24.9

* 0.2 . . .

0.1

1.2 *

1.1

8.7

3.8

12.4 84.9

21.6 7.3

7.0

0.2

0.1

76 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 19, May 20, 2010

All races White1 Black1

Both Both Both Cause of death (based on ICD–10, 2004) sexes Male Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Female

Nontransport accidents . . . . . . . (W00–X59,Y86) 24.6 32.7 17.2 25.7 34.0 18.0 21.6 30.8 14.2 Falls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(W00–W19) 7.0 9.0 5.5 7.5 9.5 5.9 3.4 4.9 2.4 Accidental discharge of firearms. . . .(W32–W34) 0.2 0.4 0.0 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.3 0.5 * Accidental drowning and submersion .(W65–W74) 1.1 1.8 0.5 1.1 1.7 0.5 1.2 2.1 0.4 Accidental exposure to smoke, fire and

flames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X00–X09) 1.1 1.3 0.8 0.9 1.2 0.7 2.2 3.0 1.6 Accidental poisoning and exposure to

noxious substances . . . . . . . . . . (X40–X49) 9.8 13.0 6.6 10.6 14.0 7.2 8.6 12.2 5.5 Other and unspecified nontransport

accidents and their sequelae . . . . .(W20–W31, W35–W64, W75–W99,X10–X39,X50–X59,Y86) 5.4 7.2 3.7 5.4 7.2 3.7 5.9 8.0 4.2

Intentional self-harm (suicide) . (*U03,X60–X84,Y87.0) 11.3 18.4 4.7 12.5 20.2 5.2 5.0 8.8 1.7 Intentional self-harm (suicide) by discharge of

firearms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X72–X74) 5.6 10.3 1.4 6.3 11.4 1.6 2.5 4.9 0.5 Intentional self-harm (suicide) by other and

unspecified means and their sequelae . . . . . (*U03,X60–X71,X75–X84,Y87.0) 5.6 8.1 3.3 6.2 8.7 3.6 2.5 3.9 1.2

Assault (homicide). . . . .(*U01–*U02,X85–Y09,Y87.1) 6.1 9.6 2.5 3.7 5.4 2.0 21.1 37.1 6.1 Assault (homicide) by discharge of

firearms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (*U01.4,X93–X95) 4.2 7.1 1.2 2.2 3.5 1.0 16.3 30.1 3.2 Assault (homicide) by other and

unspecified means and their sequelae . . . . . . (*U01.0–*U01.3,*U01.5–*U01.9,

*U02,X85–X92,X96–Y09,Y87.1) 1.9 2.5 1.3 1.4 1.9 1.0 4.8 7.0 2.9 Legal intervention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(Y35,Y89.0) 0.1 0.3 * 0.1 0.2 * 0.3 0.6 * Events of undetermined

intent. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Y10–Y34,Y87.2,Y89.9) 1.8 2.2 1.3 1.8 2.2 1.4 2.0 3.0 1.1 Discharge of firearms, undetermined

intent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Y22–Y24) 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 * Other and unspecified events of

undetermined intent and their sequelae . . . . . (Y10–Y21,Y25–Y34,Y87.2,Y89.9) 1.7 2.1 1.3 1.7 2.1 1.4 1.8 2.7 1.1

Operations of war and their sequelae . . .(Y36,Y89.1) 0.0 0.0 * 0.0 0.0 * * * * Complications of medical and surgical

care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(Y40–Y84,Y88) 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.7 1.4 1.6 1.4

Enterocolitis due to Clostridium difficile . . . . (A04.7)7 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.0 2.1 1.5 1.5 1.4

See footnotes at end of table.

77 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 19, May 20, 2010

American Indian or Alaska Native1,2 Asian or Pacific Islander1,3

Cause of death (based on ICD–10, 2004) Both sexes Male Female

Both sexes Male Female

All causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Respiratory tuberculosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A16) Other tuberculosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A17–A19)

disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (B20–B24) Malaria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (B50–B54) Other and unspecified infectious and parasitic

diseases and their sequelae . . . . . . . . (A00,A05, A20–A36,A42–A44,A48–A49,A54–A79,A81–A82,

A85.0–A85.1,A85.8,A86–B04,B06–B09, B25–B49,B55–B99)

Malignant neoplasms . . . . . . . . . . . . (C00–C97) Malignant neoplasms of lip, oral cavity and

pharynx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C00–C14) Malignant neoplasm of esophagus . . . . . . (C15) Malignant neoplasm of stomach . . . . . . . . (C16) Malignant neoplasms of colon, rectum

and anus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C18–C21) Malignant neoplasms of liver and

intrahepatic bile ducts . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C22) Malignant neoplasm of pancreas . . . . . . . (C25) Malignant neoplasm of larynx . . . . . . . . . (C32) Malignant neoplasms of trachea,

and uterus, part unspecified . . . . . . (C54–C55) Malignant neoplasm of ovary . . . . . . . . . (C56) Malignant neoplasm of prostate . . . . . . . . (C61) Malignant neoplasms of kidney and

renal pelvis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C64–C65) Malignant neoplasm of bladder . . . . . . . . (C67) Malignant neoplasms of meninges,

brain and other parts of central nervous system . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C70–C72)

neoplasms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C88,C90)

See footnotes at end of table.

627.2

* *

1.5 * * * * * *

10.1 * * * *

3.6

2.6 *

2.2 117.8

2.0 2.3 4.0

11.5

6.5 6.6 0.9

32.7 1.0 7.1 1.3

1.5 2.7 5.8

4.5 1.6

1.8

9.5 *

3.8 3.3

2.2

736.7

* * * * * * * * *

9.5 * * * *

4.9

3.6 *

2.6 139.4

2.6 4.1 5.0

13.2

8.8 7.8

40.7 * *

. . .

. . . 14.1

7.1 3.0

1.8

11.6 *

4.5 3.6

3.2

533.2

* * * * * * * * *

10.5 * * * *

2.5

1.7 *

1.7 102.1

* *

3.1

10.2

4.4 5.8

26.8 *

12.7 2.3

2.7 4.8 . . .

2.5 *

1.7

7.7 *

3.2 3.0

1.6

415.0

* *

0.5 0.7 0.6

* * * *

5.1 * * * *

2.4

0.5 *

1.3 106.7

1.9 1.8 6.6

10.9

9.2 7.2 0.4

25.3 0.4 6.1 1.1

1.4 2.6 4.2

2.1 1.5

1.7

10.0 *

4.3 3.7

2.0

499.2

* *

0.5 0.9 0.8

* * * *

6.5 * * * *

2.5

0.8 *

1.6 130.2

2.8 3.2 8.6

12.5

13.9 8.1 0.9

34.7 0.5

* . . .

. . .

. . . 10.4

3.0 2.4

2.1

13.2 *

5.6 4.9

2.5

350.6

* *

0.5 0.5 0.4

* * * *

4.1 * * * *

2.2

* *

1.1 90.0

1.2 0.8 5.1

9.6

5.5 6.6

18.5 0.3

11.1 2.0

2.5 4.6 . . .

1.3 0.9

1.3

7.7 *

3.3 2.8

1.5

78 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 19, May 20, 2010

American Indian or Alaska Native1,2 Asian or Pacific Islander1,3

Both Both Cause of death (based on ICD–10, 2004) sexes Male Female sexes Male Female

Other and unspecified malignant neoplasms of lymphoid, hematopoietic and related tissue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C96) * * * * * *

All other and unspecified malignant neoplasms . . . . . . . .(C17,C23–C24,C26–C31,

C37–C41,C44–C49,C51–C52,C57–C60, C62–C63,C66,C68–C69,C73–C80,C97) 14.5 16.1 13.4 12.4 14.1 11.0

In situ neoplasms, benign neoplasms and neoplasms of uncertain or unknown behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (D00–D48) 2.6 2.9 2.3 2.8 3.7 2.2

Anemias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (D50–D64) 1.0 * * 1.0 1.1 0.9 Diabetes mellitus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (E10–E14) 37.2 38.1 36.1 16.2 18.3 14.5 Nutritional deficiencies . . . . . . . . . . . . (E40–E64) 1.3 * * 0.6 0.6 0.6

Malnutrition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (E40–E46) 1.3 * * 0.5 0.5 0.6 Other nutritional deficiencies . . . . . . . (E50–E64) * * * * * *

Meningitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (G00,G03) * * * * * * Parkinson’s disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . (G20–G21) 3.2 4.7 2.2 3.5 5.0 2.6 Alzheimer’s disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (G30) 11.3 10.8 11.9 8.1 6.7 8.9 Major cardiovascular diseases . . . . . . . . (I00–I78) 169.7 205.0 139.5 147.1 174.8 125.5

Diseases of heart . . . . . (I00–I09,I11,I13,I20–I51) 127.3 159.8 99.8 101.2 126.0 82.0 Acute rheumatic fever and chronic

rheumatic heart diseases . . . . . . . (I00–I09) * * * 0.7 0.5 0.9 Hypertensive heart disease . . . . . . . . . . (I11) 5.8 7.0 4.7 5.6 6.2 5.1 Hypertensive heart and renal disease . . . . (I13) * * * 0.9 0.9 0.9 Ischemic heart diseases . . . . . . . . . (I20–I25) 86.7 112.2 65.6 71.0 91.7 55.0

Acute myocardial infarction . . . . . . (I21–I22) 27.9 37.6 20.3 22.6 29.3 17.5 Other acute ischemic heart diseases . . . (I24) 2.7 3.3 2.2 0.4 0.6 0.3 Other forms of chronic ischemic heart

disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (I20,I25) 56.1 71.2 43.1 47.9 61.9 37.2 Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease,

so described . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (I25.0) 15.4 19.9 11.3 10.3 13.4 7.8 All other forms of chronic ischemic heart

disease . . . . . . . . . . . (I20,I25.1–I25.9) 40.7 51.3 31.8 37.6 48.5 29.4 Other heart diseases . . . . . . . . . . . (I26–I51) 33.6 39.6 28.4 22.9 26.7 20.1

Acute and subacute endocarditis . . . . . (I33) * * * 0.2 * * Diseases of pericardium and acute

myocarditis . . . . . . . . . . . . (I30–I31,I40) * * * 0.1 * * Heart failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (I50) 10.0 11.1 9.2 5.3 5.7 5.0 All other forms of heart disease . (I26–I28,

I34–I38,I42–I49,I51) 23.0 27.7 18.8 17.3 20.6 14.8 Essential hypertension and hypertensive renal

disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (I10,I12,I15) 5.7 5.4 5.9 6.4 6.9 6.0 Cerebrovascular diseases . . . . . . . . . (I60–I69) 29.8 31.1 28.4 34.3 35.5 33.2 Atherosclerosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (I70) 1.6 * * 1.1 1.2 1.1 Other diseases of circulatory system . . . (I71–I78) 5.3 7.0 3.9 4.1 5.2 3.2

Aortic aneurysm and dissection . . . . . . . (I71) 2.9 4.4 * 2.9 4.0 2.2 Other diseases of arteries, arterioles and

capillaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (I72–I78) 2.4 2.6 2.3 1.1 1.2 1.1 Other disorders of circulatory system . . . . (I80–I99) * * * 0.4 0.5 0.3 Influenza and pneumonia . . . . . . . . . . (J09–J18)4 13.8 16.0 11.7 13.6 17.8 10.9

Influenza . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (J09–J11)4 * * * * * * Pneumonia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (J12–J18) 13.6 15.8 11.5 13.6 17.7 10.8

infections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (J22,U04)5,6 * * * * * * Chronic lower respiratory diseases . . . . . (J40–J47) 30.9 34.9 28.1 13.4 19.6 9.1

Bronchitis, chronic and unspecified . . . . (J40–J42) * * * * * * Emphysema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(J43) 2.4 2.8 2.2 1.2 2.0 0.6 Asthma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (J45–J46) 1.3 * 1.6 1.2 1.3 1.1

See footnotes at end of table.

79 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 19, May 20, 2010

American Indian or Alaska Native1,2 Asian or Pacific Islander1,3

Both Both Cause of death (based on ICD–10, 2004) sexes Male Female sexes Male Female

Other chronic lower respiratory diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (J44,J47) 27.1 31.2 24.3 10.8 16.0 7.3

Pneumoconioses and chemical effects (J60–J66,J68) * * * * * * Pneumonitis due to solids and liquids . . . . . . .(J69) 4.0 5.0 3.6 2.7 3.9 1.8 Other diseases of respiratory

system . . . . . . . .(J00–J06,J30–J39,J67,J70–J98) 10.4 12.0 8.9 5.2 6.2 4.4 Peptic ulcer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (K25–K28) * * * 0.9 1.2 0.7 Diseases of appendix . . . . . . . . . . . . (K35–K38) * * * * * * Hernia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (K40–K46) * * * * * * Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis . .(K70,K73–K74) 24.8 30.2 19.9 3.3 4.2 2.4

Alcoholic liver disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . (K70) 17.0 21.5 12.8 1.1 1.9 0.5 Other chronic liver disease and

cirrhosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (K73–K74) 7.8 8.7 7.0 2.1 2.3 1.9 Cholelithiasis and other disorders of

gallbladder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (K80–K82) 1.1 * * 0.7 0.7 0.7 Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome and

nephrosis . . . . . . . (N00–N07,N17–N19,N25–N27) 14.3 14.1 14.6 8.6 10.8 7.0 Acute and rapidly progressive nephritic and

nephrotic syndrome . . . . . . . . (N00–N01,N04) * * * * * * Chronic glomerulonephritis, nephritis and

nephropathy not specified as acute or chronic, and renal sclerosis unspecified . . . . . . . (N02–N03,N05–N07,N26) * * * 0.7 1.0 0.6

Renal failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (N17–N19) 13.5 13.4 13.7 7.9 9.8 6.4 Other disorders of kidney . . . . . . . . (N25,N27) * * * * * *

Infections of kidney . . . . . (N10–N12,N13.6,N15.1) * * * * * * Hyperplasia of prostate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (N40) * * . . . * * . . . Inflammatory diseases of female pelvic

organs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (N70–N76) * . . . * * . . . * Pregnancy, childbirth and the

puerperium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (O00–O99) * . . . * 0.2 . . . 0.4 Pregnancy with abortive outcome . . . . (O00–O07) * . . . * * . . . * Other complications of pregnancy, childbirth and

the puerperium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (O10–O99) * . . . * 0.2 . . . 0.4 Certain conditions originating in the perinatal

period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (P00–P96) 4.7 4.8 4.5 3.2 3.6 2.7 Congenital malformations, deformations and

chromosomal abnormalities . . . . . . . . (Q00–Q99) 3.8 3.8 3.8 2.2 2.3 2.2 Symptoms, signs and abnormal clinical and

laboratory findings, not elsewhere classified . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (R00–R99) 9.6 12.7 7.1 4.1 4.3 4.0

All other diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(Residual) 63.2 65.1 61.2 32.8 34.0 31.6 Accidents (unintentional injuries) . . . . . . (V01–X59,

Y85–Y86) 55.7 75.4 37.1 17.0 22.6 12.2 Transport accidents . . . . . . . . . .(V01–V99,Y85) 25.8 35.3 16.6 7.6 10.1 5.4

Motor-vehicle accidents . . . . . . . . (V02–V04, V09.0,V09.2,V12–V14,V19.0–V19.2,

V19.4–V19.6,V20–V79,V80.3–V80.5, V81.0–V81.1,V82.0–V82.1,V83–V86,

V87.0–V87.8,V88.0–V88.8,V89.0,V89.2) 23.7 32.0 15.6 7.2 9.4 5.2 Other land transport accidents. . . . . . . . (V01,

V05–V06,V09.1,V09.3–V09.9,V10–V11, V15–V18,V19.3,V19.8–V19.9,V80.0–V80.2,

V80.6–V80.9,V81.2–V81.9,V82.2–V82.9, V87.9,V88.9,V89.1,V89.3,V89.9) 1.2 2.0 * 0.2 0.3 *

Water, air and space, and other and unspecified transport accidents and their sequelae . . . . . . . . (V90–V99,Y85) 0.9 1.4 * 0.2 0.3 *

See footnotes at end of table.

80 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 19, May 20, 2010

American Indian or Alaska Native1,2 Asian or Pacific Islander1,3

Both Both Cause of death (based on ICD–10, 2004) sexes Male Female sexes Male Female

Nontransport accidents . . . . . . . (W00–X59,Y86) 30.0 40.0 20.5 9.4 12.6 6.7 Falls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(W00–W19) 6.2 9.2 3.8 4.4 5.7 3.4 Accidental discharge of firearms. . . .(W32–W34) * * * * * * Accidental drowning and

submersion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(W65–W74) 2.0 3.4 * 1.1 1.6 0.5 Accidental exposure to smoke, fire and

flames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X00–X09) 1.6 1.9 * 0.4 0.5 * Accidental poisoning and exposure to

noxious substances . . . . . . . . . . (X40–X49) 11.6 13.2 10.0 1.5 1.9 1.0 Other and unspecified nontransport

accidents and their sequelae . . . . (W20–W31, W35–W64,W75–W99,X10–X39,X50–X59,Y86) 8.2 11.8 4.8 2.1 2.7 1.6

Intentional self-harm (suicide) . . . . . . . . . . . . . (*U03,X60–X84,Y87.0) 11.5 18.1 4.9 6.1 9.0 3.5 Intentional self-harm (suicide) by discharge of

firearms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X72–X74) 4.1 7.2 * 1.5 2.8 0.3 Intentional self-harm (suicide) by other and

unspecified means and their sequelae . . . . . (*U03,X60–X71,X75–X84,Y87.0) 7.3 10.9 3.7 4.6 6.2 3.2

Assault (homicide). . . . .(*U01–*U02,X85–Y09,Y87.1) 6.5 9.2 3.6 2.3 3.3 1.3 Assault (homicide) by discharge of

firearms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (*U01.4,X93–X95) 2.6 4.3 * 1.3 2.2 0.4 Assault (homicide) by other and

unspecified means and their sequelae . . . . . . (*U01.0–*U01.3,*U01.5–*U01.9,

*U02,X85–X92,X96–Y09,Y87.1) 3.9 4.9 2.8 1.0 1.1 0.9 Legal intervention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(Y35,Y89.0) * * * * * * Events of undetermined

intent. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Y10–Y34,Y87.2,Y89.9) 2.9 3.4 2.5 0.5 0.7 0.4 Discharge of firearms, undetermined intent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Y22–Y24) * * * * * *

Other and unspecified events of undetermined intent and their sequelae . . . . . (Y10–Y21,Y25–Y34,Y87.2,Y89.9) 2.8 3.1 2.5 0.5 0.6 0.4

Operations of war and their sequelae . . .(Y36,Y89.1) * * * * * * Complications of medical and surgical

care (Y40–Y84,Y88) * * * 0.4 * 0.4

Enterocolitis due to Clostridium difficile . . . . (A04.7)7 1.4 * * 0.5 0.5 0.4

81 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 19, May 20, 2010

Table 17. Age-adjusted death rates for 113 selected causes and Enterocolitis due to Clostridium difficile, by Hispanic origin, race for non-Hispanic population, and sex: United States, 2007 [Age-adjusted rates per 100,000 U.S. standard population; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ Populations used for computing death rates are postcensal estimates based on the 2000 census, estimated as of July 1, 2007; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ Race and Hispanic origin are reported separately on the death certificate. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. Data for Hispanic persons are not tabulated separately by race; data for non-Hispanic persons are tabulated by race. Data for Hispanic origin should be interpreted with caution because of inconsistencies between reporting Hispanic origin on death certificates and on censuses and surveys; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ The asterisks (*) preceding the cause-of-death codes indicate that they are not part of the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD–10), Second Edition; see ‘‘Technical Notes’’]

All origins1 Hispanic Non-Hispanic2

Cause of death (based on ICD–10, 2004) Both sexes Male Female Both sexes Male Female Both sexes Male Female

All causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 760.2 905.6 643.4 546.1 654.5 452.7 776.3 924.9 657.7

Salmonella infections . . . . . . . . . . . . (A01–A02) 0.0 * * * * * 0.0 * * Shigellosis and amebiasis . . . . . . . . . . . (A03,A06) * * * * * * * * * Certain other intestinal infections . . .(A04,A07–A09) 2.1 2.1 2.2 1.4 1.4 1.3 2.2 2.1 2.2 Tuberculosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A16–A19) 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.4 0.6 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1

Respiratory tuberculosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A16) 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 Other tuberculosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A17–A19) 0.0 0.0 0.0 * * * 0.0 0.0 0.0

Whooping cough . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A37) * * * * * * * * * Scarlet fever and erysipelas . . . . . . . . . (A38,A46) * * * * * * * * * Meningococcal infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A39) 0.0 0.0 0.0 * * * 0.0 0.0 0.0 Septicemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A40–A41) 11.0 12.1 10.2 8.2 9.2 7.4 11.2 12.3 10.4 Syphilis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A50–A53) 0.0 0.0 * * * * 0.0 0.0 * Acute poliomyelitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A80) * * * * * * * * * Arthropod-borne viral encephalitis . (A83–A84,A85.2) * * * * * * * * * Measles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (B05) * * * * * * * * * Viral hepatitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (B15–B19) 2.3 3.1 1.5 3.8 5.1 2.5 2.1 2.9 1.4 Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (B20–B24) 3.7 5.4 2.1 4.1 6.3 1.8 3.7 5.3 2.2 Malaria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (B50–B54) * * * * * * * * * Other and unspecified infectious and parasitic

diseases and their sequelae . . . . . . . . (A00,A05, A20–A36,A42–A44,A48–A49,A54–A79,A81–A82,

A85.0–A85.1,A85.8,A86–B04,B06–B09, B25–B49,B55–B99) 1.8 2.2 1.6 1.7 2.0 1.6 1.8 2.2 1.6

Malignant neoplasms . . . . . . . . . . . . (C00–C97) 178.4 217.5 151.3 116.2 141.4 98.6 183.1 223.2 155.3 Malignant neoplasms of lip, oral cavity

and pharynx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C00–C14) 2.5 3.9 1.4 1.5 2.3 0.8 2.6 4.0 1.5 Malignant neoplasm of esophagus . . . . . . . (C15) 4.3 7.7 1.6 2.0 3.7 0.7 4.5 8.0 1.6 Malignant neoplasm of stomach . . . . . . . . . (C16) 3.6 5.0 2.6 5.5 7.4 4.1 3.4 4.8 2.4 Malignant neoplasms of colon, rectum

and anus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C18–C21) 16.9 20.1 14.4 12.0 14.5 10.1 17.2 20.5 14.7 Malignant neoplasms of liver and

intrahepatic bile ducts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C22) 5.4 7.9 3.2 7.8 11.1 5.1 5.2 7.7 3.1 Malignant neoplasm of pancreas . . . . . . . . . (C25) 10.8 12.5 9.4 7.9 8.4 7.4 11.0 12.8 9.6 Malignant neoplasm of larynx . . . . . . . . . . (C32) 1.1 2.1 0.4 0.7 1.5 * 1.2 2.1 0.4 Malignant neoplasms of trachea,

bronchus and lung . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C33–C34) 50.6 65.1 40.0 20.9 29.6 14.4 53.0 67.8 42.0 Malignant melanoma of skin . . . . . . . . . . . (C43) 2.7 4.0 1.7 0.8 1.0 0.6 2.8 4.2 1.8 Malignant neoplasm of breast . . . . . . . . . . (C50) 12.9 0.3 22.9 7.9 * 14.5 13.2 0.3 23.6 Malignant neoplasm of cervix uteri . . . . . . . (C53) 1.3 . . . 2.4 1.5 . . . 3.0 1.2 . . . 2.4 Malignant neoplasms of corpus uteri

and uterus, part unspecified . . . . . . . . (C54–C55) 2.3 . . . 4.2 1.6 . . . 2.9 2.4 . . . 4.3 Malignant neoplasm of ovary . . . . . . . . . . . (C56) 4.6 . . . 8.2 3.2 . . . 5.7 4.7 . . . 8.4 Malignant neoplasm of prostate . . . . . . . . . (C61) 9.2 23.5 . . . 7.2 17.7 . . . 9.3 23.9 . . . Malignant neoplasms of kidney and

renal pelvis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C64–C65) 4.0 5.8 2.6 3.7 5.5 2.2 4.0 5.8 2.7 Malignant neoplasm of bladder . . . . . . . . . . (C67) 4.4 7.6 2.2 2.3 4.0 1.1 4.5 7.8 2.3 Malignant neoplasms of meninges,

brain and other parts of central nervous system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C70–C72) 4.2 5.1 3.5 2.8 3.1 2.5 4.4 5.3 3.6

Malignant neoplasms of lymphoid, hematopoietic and related tissue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C81–C96) 17.6 22.8 13.7 13.0 15.5 11.1 17.8 23.3 13.8

Hodgkin’s disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C81) 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.3 Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma . . . . . . . (C82–C85) 6.5 8.3 5.2 5.1 6.2 4.4 6.6 8.4 5.2 Leukemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C91–C95) 7.0 9.4 5.3 4.5 5.5 3.8 7.1 9.6 5.3 Multiple myeloma and immunoproliferative

neoplasms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C88,C90) 3.6 4.6 2.9 2.9 3.4 2.5 3.7 4.7 2.9 Other and unspecified malignant neoplasms

of lymphoid, hematopoietic and related tissue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C96) 0.0 0.0 0.0 * * * 0.0 0.0 0.0

See footnotes at end of table.

82 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 19, May 20, 2010

Table 17. Age-adjusted death rates for 113 selected causes and Enterocolitis due to Clostridium difficile, by Hispanic origin, race for non-Hispanic population, and sex: United States, 2007—Con. [Age-adjusted rates per 100,000 U.S. standard population; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ Populations used for computing death rates are postcensal estimates based on the 2000 census, estimated as of July 1, 2007; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ Race and Hispanic origin are reported separately on the death certificate. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. Data for Hispanic persons are not tabulated separately by race; data for non-Hispanic persons are tabulated by race. Data for Hispanic origin should be interpreted with caution because of inconsistencies between reporting Hispanic origin on death certificates and on censuses and surveys; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ The asterisks (*) preceding the cause-of-death codes indicate that they are not part of the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD–10), Second Edition; see ‘‘Technical Notes’’]

All origins1 Hispanic Non-Hispanic2

Cause of death (based on ICD–10, 2004) Both sexes Male Female Both sexes Male Female Both sexes Male Female

All other and unspecified malignant neoplasms . . . . . . . .(C17,C23–C24,C26–C31,

C37–C41,C44–C49,C51–C52,C57–C60, C62–C63,C66,C68–C69,C73–C80,C97) 20.0 24.3 16.8 13.9 15.9 12.3 20.4 24.9 17.1

In situ neoplasms, benign neoplasms and neoplasms of uncertain or unknown behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (D00–D48) 4.5 5.6 3.7 3.0 3.1 2.8 4.6 5.8 3.8

Anemias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (D50–D64) 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.0 1.1 0.8 1.6 1.6 1.5 Diabetes mellitus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (E10–E14) 22.5 26.4 19.5 28.9 31.9 26.2 22.1 26.0 19.1 Nutritional deficiencies . . . . . . . . . . . . (E40–E64) 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.9 0.9 0.9

Malnutrition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (E40–E46) 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.8 Other nutritional deficiencies . . . . . . . (E50–E64) 0.1 0.1 0.1 * * * 0.1 0.1 0.1

Meningitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (G00,G03) 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Parkinson’s disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . (G20–G21) 6.4 9.6 4.3 4.1 5.8 2.9 6.5 9.9 4.4 Alzheimer’s disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (G30) 22.7 18.5 24.9 13.5 11.3 14.7 23.2 18.9 25.5 Major cardiovascular diseases . . . . . . . . (I00–I78) 249.9 298.9 210.4 181.0 213.2 153.9 254.6 305.0 214.1

Diseases of heart . . . . . (I00–I09,I11,I13,I20–I51) 190.9 237.7 154.0 136.0 165.0 111.8 194.8 243.1 156.8 Acute rheumatic fever and chronic

rheumatic heart diseases . . . . . . . (I00–I09) 1.0 0.8 1.2 0.7 0.5 0.8 1.0 0.8 1.2 Hypertensive heart disease . . . . . . . . . . (I11) 9.5 10.3 8.4 7.4 8.2 6.4 9.6 10.5 8.6 Hypertensive heart and renal disease . . . . (I13) 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.8 0.9 1.0 0.9 Ischemic heart diseases . . . . . . . . . (I20–I25) 126.0 165.4 95.7 97.8 122.3 77.8 128.0 168.6 96.9

Acute myocardial infarction . . . . . . (I21–I22) 41.4 54.0 31.5 32.2 40.4 25.5 42.2 55.1 31.9 Other acute ischemic heart diseases . . . (I24) 1.3 1.6 1.0 0.5 0.7 0.4 1.3 1.7 1.0 Other forms of chronic ischemic heart

disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (I20,I25) 83.3 109.8 63.2 65.1 81.1 51.9 84.5 111.8 63.9 Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease,

so described . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (I25.0) 18.2 24.3 13.1 14.1 19.4 9.6 18.5 24.6 13.3 All other forms of chronic ischemic heart

disease . . . . . . . . . . . (I20,I25.1–I25.9) 65.1 85.5 50.1 50.9 61.8 42.2 66.0 87.2 50.6 Other heart diseases . . . . . . . . . . . (I26–I51) 53.4 60.2 48.0 29.3 33.1 26.0 55.1 62.2 49.4

Acute and subacute endocarditis . . . . . (I33) 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.3 Diseases of pericardium and acute

myocarditis . . . . . . . . . . . . (I30–I31,I40) 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.2 Heart failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (I50) 17.3 18.6 16.2 9.6 10.4 9.0 17.8 19.2 16.6 All other forms of heart disease . (I26–I28,

I34–I38,I42–I49,I51) 35.5 40.7 31.2 19.2 22.1 16.7 36.7 42.1 32.2 Essential hypertension and hypertensive

renal disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (I10,I12,I15) 7.4 7.3 7.2 6.7 7.0 6.3 7.4 7.3 7.3 Cerebrovascular diseases . . . . . . . . . (I60–I69) 42.2 42.5 41.3 32.7 34.4 30.8 42.8 42.9 42.0 Atherosclerosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (I70) 2.5 2.6 2.4 1.7 1.8 1.6 2.6 2.7 2.4 Other diseases of circulatory system . . . (I71–I78) 6.9 8.8 5.5 4.0 4.9 3.2 7.1 9.1 5.6

Aortic aneurysm and dissection . . . . . . . (I71) 4.1 5.7 2.9 2.1 2.9 1.4 4.3 6.0 3.0 Other diseases of arteries, arterioles and

capillaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (I72–I78) 2.8 3.1 2.5 1.9 2.0 1.8 2.8 3.1 2.6 Other disorders of circulatory system . . . . (I80–I99) 1.3 1.4 1.2 0.9 0.9 0.8 1.3 1.4 1.2 Influenza and pneumonia . . . . . . . . . . (J09–J18)4

Influenza . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (J09–J11)4 16.2

0.1 19.3

0.1 14.2

0.1 13.1

0.1 15.6

* 11.3

* 16.4 0.1

19.6 0.1

14.4 0.1

Pneumonia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (J12–J18) 16.1 19.2 14.1 13.0 15.5 11.3 16.3 19.5 14.2 Other acute lower respiratory

infections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (J20–J22,U04)5 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 * * 0.1 0.1 0.1 Acute bronchitis and bronchiolitis . . . . . (J20–J21) 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 * * 0.1 0.1 0.0 Other and unspecified acute lower respiratory infections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (J22,U04)5,6 0.0 * 0.0 * * * 0.0 * 0.0

Chronic lower respiratory diseases . . . . . (J40–J47) 40.8 48.0 36.0 17.5 22.8 13.9 42.4 49.9 37.6 Bronchitis, chronic and unspecified . . . . (J40–J42) 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 * 0.2 0.2 0.2 Emphysema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(J43) 4.1 5.1 3.4 1.4 2.1 0.9 4.3 5.3 3.6 Asthma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (J45–J46) 1.1 0.9 1.2 0.8 0.7 0.9 1.1 0.9 1.3

See footnotes at end of table.

83 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 19, May 20, 2010

Table 17. Age-adjusted death rates for 113 selected causes and Enterocolitis due to Clostridium difficile, by Hispanic origin, race for non-Hispanic population, and sex: United States, 2007—Con. [Age-adjusted rates per 100,000 U.S. standard population; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ Populations used for computing death rates are postcensal estimates based on the 2000 census, estimated as of July 1, 2007; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ Race and Hispanic origin are reported separately on the death certificate. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. Data for Hispanic persons are not tabulated separately by race; data for non-Hispanic persons are tabulated by race. Data for Hispanic origin should be interpreted with caution because of inconsistencies between reporting Hispanic origin on death certificates and on censuses and surveys; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ The asterisks (*) preceding the cause-of-death codes indicate that they are not part of the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD–10), Second Edition; see ‘‘Technical Notes’’]

All origins1 Hispanic Non-Hispanic2

Cause of death (based on ICD–10, 2004) Both sexes Male Female Both sexes Male Female Both sexes Male Female

Other chronic lower respiratory diseases (J44,J47) 35.3 41.9 31.2 15.1 19.7 11.9 36.8 43.4 32.5 Pneumoconioses and chemical

effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (J60–J66,J68) 0.3 0.7 0.0 0.1 0.3 * 0.3 0.7 0.0 Pneumonitis due to solids and liquids . . . . . . .(J69) 5.2 7.3 4.0 2.7 3.5 2.1 5.4 7.6 4.1 Other diseases of respiratory

system . . . . . . . .(J00–J06,J30–J39,J67,J70–J98) 9.0 11.1 7.6 7.7 9.0 6.6 9.1 11.2 7.7 Peptic ulcer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (K25–K28) 1.0 1.1 0.8 0.6 0.8 0.5 1.0 1.1 0.8 Diseases of appendix . . . . . . . . . . . . (K35–K38) 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 * * 0.1 0.2 0.1 Hernia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (K40–K46) 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis . .(K70,K73–K74) 9.1 12.7 5.9 13.8 19.9 8.1 8.7 12.0 5.7

Alcoholic liver disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . (K70) 4.5 6.8 2.3 6.9 12.0 2.2 4.2 6.3 2.4 Other chronic liver disease and

cirrhosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (K73–K74) 4.6 5.9 3.5 6.9 7.9 5.9 4.4 5.7 3.4 Cholelithiasis and other disorders of

gallbladder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (K80–K82) 1.0 1.1 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.0 1.0 1.1 0.9 Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome and

nephrosis . . . . . . . (N00–N07,N17–N19,N25–N27) 14.5 17.8 12.5 12.3 14.5 10.8 14.7 18.0 12.6 Acute and rapidly progressive nephritic and

nephrotic syndrome . . . . . . . . (N00–N01,N04) 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 * * 0.1 0.1 0.0 Chronic glomerulonephritis, nephritis and

nephropathy not specified as acute or chronic, and renal sclerosis unspecified . . . . . . . (N02–N03,N05–N07,N26) 0.9 1.2 0.8 0.8 1.0 0.6 0.9 1.2 0.8

Renal failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (N17–N19) 13.6 16.5 11.6 11.4 13.4 10.0 13.7 16.7 11.7 Other disorders of kidney . . . . . . . . (N25,N27) 0.0 * * * * * 0.0 * *

Infections of kidney . . . . . (N10–N12,N13.6,N15.1) 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 * 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 Hyperplasia of prostate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (N40) 0.1 0.4 . . . 0.2 0.4 . . . 0.1 0.4 . . . Inflammatory diseases of female pelvic

organs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (N70–N76) 0.0 . . . 0.1 * . . . * 0.0 . . . 0.1 Pregnancy, childbirth and the

puerperium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (O00–O99) 0.3 . . . 0.5 0.3 . . . 0.6 0.3 . . . 0.5 Pregnancy with abortive outcome . . . . (O00–O07) 0.0 . . . 0.0 * . . . * 0.0 . . . 0.0 Other complications of pregnancy, childbirth and

the puerperium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (O10–O99) 0.3 . . . 0.5 0.2 . . . 0.5 0.3 . . . 0.5 Certain conditions originating in the perinatal

period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (P00–P96) 4.7 5.2 4.2 3.9 4.3 3.6 4.9 5.4 4.4 Congenital malformations, deformations and

chromosomal abnormalities . . . . . . . . (Q00–Q99) 3.4 3.6 3.2 3.0 3.2 2.9 3.4 3.6 3.2 Symptoms, signs and abnormal clinical and

laboratory findings, not elsewhere classified . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (R00–R99) 10.4 10.5 9.8 5.8 6.6 4.9 10.7 10.9 10.2

All other diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (residual) 73.8 73.6 72.2 49.6 50.5 47.8 75.5 75.4 73.8 Accidents (unintentional

injuries) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(V01–X59,Y85–Y86) 40.0 55.2 25.8 30.1 43.9 16.1 41.2 56.6 27.0 Transport accidents . . . . . . . . . .(V01–V99,Y85) 15.3 22.4 8.6 14.1 20.6 7.2 15.5 22.6 8.8

Motor-vehicle accidents . . . . . . . . . (V02–V04, V09.0,V09.2,V12–V14,V19.0–V19.2,

V19.4–V19.6,V20–V79,V80.3–V80.5, V81.0–V81.1,V82.0–V82.1,V83–V86,

V87.0–V87.8,V88.0–V88.8,V89.0, V89.2) 14.4 20.9 8.2 13.3 19.3 6.9 14.5 21.0 8.4 Other land transport accidents . . . . . . . (V01,

V05–V06,V09.1,V09.3–V09.9, V10–V11, V15–V18,V19.3,V19.8– V19.9,V80.0–V80.2,

V80.6–V80.9, V81.2–V81.9,V82.2–V82.9, V87.9, V88.9,V89.1,V89.3,V89.9) 0.3 0.6 0.1 0.4 0.8 0.1 0.3 0.6 0.1

Water, air and space, and other and unspecified transport accidents and their sequelae . . . . . . . .(V90–V99,Y85) 0.6 1.0 0.2 0.3 0.6 * 0.6 1.0 0.2

See footnotes at end of table.

84 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 19, May 20, 2010

Table 17. Age-adjusted death rates for 113 selected causes and Enterocolitis due to Clostridium difficile, by Hispanic origin, race for non-Hispanic population, and sex: United States, 2007—Con. [Age-adjusted rates per 100,000 U.S. standard population; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ Populations used for computing death rates are postcensal estimates based on the 2000 census, estimated as of July 1, 2007; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ Race and Hispanic origin are reported separately on the death certificate. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. Data for Hispanic persons are not tabulated separately by race; data for non-Hispanic persons are tabulated by race. Data for Hispanic origin should be interpreted with caution because of inconsistencies between reporting Hispanic origin on death certificates and on censuses and surveys; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ The asterisks (*) preceding the cause-of-death codes indicate that they are not part of the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD–10), Second Edition; see ‘‘Technical Notes’’]

All origins1 Hispanic Non-Hispanic2

Cause of death (based on ICD–10, 2004) Both sexes Male Female Both sexes Male Female Both sexes Male Female

Nontransport accidents . . . . . . . (W00–X59,Y86) 24.6 32.7 17.2 16.1 23.2 8.9 25.7 34.0 18.2 Falls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(W00–W19) 7.0 9.0 5.5 5.0 6.4 3.7 7.1 9.1 5.6 Accidental discharge of firearms . . .(W32–W34) 0.2 0.4 0.0 0.1 0.2 * 0.2 0.4 0.1 Accidental drowning and

submersion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(W65–W74) 1.1 1.8 0.5 1.0 1.7 0.3 1.1 1.8 0.5 Accidental exposure to smoke, fire and

flames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X00–X09) 1.1 1.3 0.8 0.6 0.9 0.4 1.1 1.4 0.9 Accidental poisoning and exposure to noxious

substances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X40–X49) 9.8 13.0 6.6 5.8 8.9 2.5 10.5 13.8 7.2 Other and unspecified nontransport

accidents and their sequelae . . . . (W20– W31, W35–W64,W75–W99,X10–X39, X50–X59,Y86) 5.4 7.2 3.7 3.5 5.2 1.9 5.5 7.4 3.9

Intentional self-harm (suicide) . . . . . . . . . . . . . (*U03,X60–X84,Y87.0) 11.3 18.4 4.7 6.0 10.1 1.9 12.0 19.7 5.0 Intentional self-harm (suicide) by discharge of

firearms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X72–X74) 5.6 10.3 1.4 2.4 4.4 0.4 6.1 11.2 1.5 Intentional self-harm (suicide) by other and

unspecified means and their sequelae . . . . . (*U03,X60–X71,X75–X84, Y87.0) 5.6 8.1 3.3 3.6 5.7 1.5 6.0 8.5 3.5

Assault (homicide) . . (*U01–*U02,X85–Y09,Y87.1) 6.1 9.6 2.5 6.9 11.2 2.3 5.9 9.2 2.5 Assault (homicide) by discharge of

firearms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (*U01.4,X93–X95) 4.2 7.1 1.2 4.7 7.8 1.1 4.1 6.9 1.3 Assault (homicide) by other and

unspecified means and their sequelae . . . . . . (*U01.0–*U01.3,*U01.5–*U01.9,

*U02,X85–X92,X96–Y09,Y87.1) 1.9 2.5 1.3 2.3 3.3 1.2 1.8 2.3 1.3 Legal intervention . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(Y35,Y89.0) 0.1 0.3 * 0.2 0.4 * 0.1 0.3 * Events of undetermined

intent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Y10–Y34,Y87.2,Y89.9) 1.8 2.2 1.3 0.8 1.1 0.5 1.9 2.4 1.4 Discharge of firearms, undetermined

intent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Y22–Y24) 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 * 0.1 0.1 0.0 Other and unspecified events of

undetermined intent and their sequelae . . . . . (Y10–Y21,Y25–Y34,Y87.2,Y89.9) 1.7 2.1 1.3 0.7 0.9 0.5 1.8 2.3 1.4

Operations of war and their sequelae . . .(Y36,Y89.1) 0.0 0.0 * * * * * * * Complications of medical and surgical

care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(Y40–Y84,Y88) 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.9 0.9 0.8

Enterocolitis due to Clostridium difficile . . . . (A04.7)7 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.3 1.3 1.2 2.0 2.0 2.1

See footnotes at end of table.

85 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 19, May 20, 2010

Table 17. Age-adjusted death rates for 113 selected causes and Enterocolitis due to Clostridium difficile, by Hispanic origin, race for non-Hispanic population, and sex: United States, 2007—Con. [Age-adjusted rates per 100,000 U.S. standard population; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ Populations used for computing death rates are postcensal estimates based on the 2000 census, estimated as of July 1, 2007; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ Race and Hispanic origin are reported separately on the death certificate. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. Data for Hispanic persons are not tabulated separately by race; data for non-Hispanic persons are tabulated by race. Data for Hispanic origin should be interpreted with caution because of inconsistencies between reporting Hispanic origin on death certificates and on censuses and surveys; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ The asterisks (*) preceding the cause-of-death codes indicate that they are not part of the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD–10), Second Edition; see ‘‘Technical Notes’’]

Non-Hispanic white3 Non-Hispanic black3

Cause of death (based on ICD–10, 2004) Both sexes Male Female Both sexes Male Female

All causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 763.3 906.8 647.7 978.6 1,210.9 810.4

Salmonella infections . . . . . . . . . . . . (A01–A02) 0.0 * * * * * Shigellosis and amebiasis . . . . . . . . . . . (A03,A06) * * * * * * Certain other intestinal infections . . .(A04,A07–A09) 2.3 2.2 2.3 1.6 1.6 1.6 Tuberculosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A16–A19) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.6 0.2

Respiratory tuberculosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A16) 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.5 0.2 Other tuberculosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A17–A19) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 *

Whooping cough . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A37) * * * * * * Scarlet fever and erysipelas . . . . . . . . . (A38,A46) * * * * * * Meningococcal infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A39) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 * * Septicemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A40–A41) 10.1 11.2 9.4 22.2 25.2 20.3 Syphilis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A50–A53) * * * 0.1 * * Acute poliomyelitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A80) * * * * * * Arthropod-borne viral encephalitis. . (A83–A84,A85.2) * * * * * * Measles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (B05) * * * * * * Viral hepatitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (B15–B19) 2.0 2.7 1.3 3.0 4.3 1.9 Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (B20–B24) 1.5 2.5 0.5 17.8 25.2 11.8 Malaria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (B50–B54) * * * * * * Other and unspecified infectious and parasitic

diseases and their sequelae . . . . . . . . (A00,A05, A20–A36,A42–A44,A48–A49, A54–A79,A81–A82,

A85.0–A85.1,A85.8, A86–B04,B06–B09, B25–B49,B55–B99) 1.8 2.1 1.5 2.4 3.0 2.1

Malignant neoplasms . . . . . . . . . . . . (C00–C97) 182.3 220.8 155.3 220.0 288.6 178.4 Malignant neoplasms of lip, oral cavity

and pharynx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C00–C14) 2.5 3.8 1.4 3.4 5.9 1.6 Malignant neoplasm of esophagus . . . . . . (C15) 4.5 8.2 1.6 4.8 8.6 2.3 Malignant neoplasm of stomach . . . . . . . . (C16) 2.9 4.1 2.0 7.0 10.5 4.7 Malignant neoplasms of colon, rectum

and anus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C18–C21) 16.7 19.9 14.2 24.0 29.6 20.2 Malignant neoplasms of liver and

intrahepatic bile ducts . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C22) 4.7 6.9 2.9 7.2 11.8 3.9 Malignant neoplasm of pancreas . . . . . . . (C25) 10.8 12.7 9.3 14.3 15.9 12.9 Malignant neoplasm of larynx . . . . . . . . . (C32) 1.1 1.9 0.4 2.2 4.4 0.6 Malignant neoplasms of trachea,

bronchus and lung . . . . . . . . . . . . (C33–C34) 53.9 67.7 43.5 56.8 84.0 39.0 Malignant melanoma of skin . . . . . . . . . . (C43) 3.3 4.9 2.1 0.5 0.5 0.4 Malignant neoplasm of breast . . . . . . . . . (C50) 12.8 0.3 23.0 19.0 0.4 32.2 Malignant neoplasm of cervix uteri . . . . . . (C53) 1.1 . . . 2.1 2.5 . . . 4.4 Malignant neoplasms of corpus uteri and

uterus, part unspecified . . . . . . . . . (C54–C55) 2.2 . . . 3.9 4.6 . . . 7.7 Malignant neoplasm of ovary . . . . . . . . . (C56) 4.9 . . . 8.9 4.0 . . . 6.7 Malignant neoplasm of prostate . . . . . . . . (C61) 8.6 21.9 . . . 18.9 52.6 . . . Malignant neoplasms of kidney and

renal pelvis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C64–C65) 4.1 5.9 2.7 4.1 6.1 2.8 Malignant neoplasm of bladder . . . . . . . . (C67) 4.7 8.2 2.3 3.8 5.5 2.8 Malignant neoplasms of meninges,

brain and other parts of central nervous system . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C70–C72) 4.8 5.8 3.9 2.4 2.9 2.1

Malignant neoplasms of lymphoid, hematopoietic and related tissue . . . (C81–C96) 18.1 23.7 13.9 17.9 22.5 14.9 Hodgkin’s disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C81) 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.3 Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma . . . . . . . (C82–C85) 6.9 8.7 5.5 4.6 5.9 3.7 Leukemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C91–C95) 7.3 10.0 5.4 6.2 8.0 5.0 Multiple myeloma and immunoproliferative

neoplasms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C88,C90) 3.4 4.4 2.6 6.7 8.0 5.9 Other and unspecified malignant

neoplasms of lymphoid, hematopoietic and related tissue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C96) 0.0 0.0 0.0 * * *

See footnotes at end of table.

86 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 19, May 20, 2010

Table 17. Age-adjusted death rates for 113 selected causes and Enterocolitis due to Clostridium difficile, by Hispanic origin, race for non-Hispanic population, and sex: United States, 2007—Con. [Age-adjusted rates per 100,000 U.S. standard population; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ Populations used for computing death rates are postcensal estimates based on the 2000 census, estimated as of July 1, 2007; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ Race and Hispanic origin are reported separately on the death certificate. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. Data for Hispanic persons are not tabulated separately by race; data for non-Hispanic persons are tabulated by race. Data for Hispanic origin should be interpreted with caution because of inconsistencies between reporting Hispanic origin on death certificates and on censuses and surveys; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ The asterisks (*) preceding the cause-of-death codes indicate that they are not part of the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD–10), Second Edition; see ‘‘Technical Notes’’]

Non-Hispanic white3 Non-Hispanic black3

Cause of death (based on ICD–10, 2004) Both sexes Male Female Both sexes Male Female

All other and unspecified malignant neoplasms . . . . . . . .(C17,C23–C24,C26–C31,

C37–C41,C44–C49,C51–C52,C57–C60, C62–C63,C66,C68–C69,C73–C80,C97) 20.5 25.1 17.1 22.5 27.5 19.1

In situ neoplasms, benign neoplasms and neoplasms of uncertain or unknown behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (D00–D48) 4.7 5.9 3.8 4.2 5.3 3.5

Anemias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (D50–D64) 1.3 1.3 1.3 3.1 3.2 2.9 Diabetes mellitus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (E10–E14) 19.8 23.9 16.4 43.7 46.9 41.0 Nutritional deficiencies . . . . . . . . . . . . (E40–E64) 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.5 1.7 1.4

Malnutrition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (E40–E46) 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.4 1.6 1.3 Other nutritional deficiencies . . . . . . . (E50–E64) 0.1 0.1 0.1 * * *

Meningitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (G00,G03) 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.3 Parkinson’s disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . (G20–G21) 6.9 10.5 4.7 3.2 5.0 2.2 Alzheimer’s disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (G30) 24.1 19.6 26.6 19.4 16.0 20.9 Major cardiovascular diseases . . . . . . . . (I00–I78) 248.2 298.2 207.6 341.4 411.5 289.5

Diseases of heart . . . . . (I00–I09,I11,I13,I20–I51) 191.4 239.8 153.0 251.9 311.8 208.2 Acute rheumatic fever and chronic

rheumatic heart diseases . . . . . . . (I00–I09) 1.0 0.8 1.2 0.8 0.7 0.9 Hypertensive heart disease . . . . . . . . . . (I11) 8.1 8.6 7.3 23.8 28.9 19.7 Hypertensive heart and renal disease . . . . (I13) 0.7 0.8 0.7 2.9 3.5 2.4 Ischemic heart diseases . . . . . . . . . (I20–I25) 127.4 168.8 95.2 153.1 194.9 123.5

Acute myocardial infarction . . . . . . (I21–I22) 42.1 55.5 31.3 50.5 62.2 42.0 Other acute ischemic heart diseases . . . (I24) 1.3 1.6 1.0 1.8 2.5 1.4 Other forms of chronic ischemic heart

disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (I20,I25) 84.0 111.7 62.8 100.8 130.2 80.0 Atherosclerotic cardiovascular

disease, so described . . . . . . . . . (I25.0) 17.4 23.2 12.5 30.8 43.0 21.9 All other forms of chronic ischemic

heart disease . . . . . . . . (I20,I25.1–I25.9) 66.5 88.4 50.4 70.0 87.2 58.1 Other heart diseases . . . . . . . . . . . (I26–I51) 54.1 60.8 48.7 71.3 83.9 61.8

Acute and subacute endocarditis . . . . . (I33) 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.7 1.1 0.4 Diseases of pericardium and acute

myocarditis . . . . . . . . . . . . (I30–I31,I40) 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.4 Heart failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (I50) 17.8 19.2 16.7 20.5 22.9 18.8 All other forms of heart disease . (I26–I28,

I34–I38,I42–I49,I51) 35.7 40.8 31.4 49.6 59.5 42.2 Essential hypertension and hypertensive

renal disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (I10,I12,I15) 6.4 6.2 6.3 16.6 17.8 15.5 Cerebrovascular diseases . . . . . . . . . (I60–I69) 40.7 40.3 40.3 61.6 68.5 56.1 Atherosclerosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (I70) 2.6 2.7 2.5 2.5 2.7 2.3 Other diseases of circulatory system . . . (I71–I78) 7.0 9.0 5.5 8.7 10.8 7.3

Aortic aneurysm and dissection . . . . . . . (I71) 4.3 6.0 3.0 4.3 5.6 3.3 Other diseases of arteries, arterioles and

capillaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (I72–I78) 2.7 3.0 2.5 4.5 5.2 4.0 Other disorders of circulatory system . . . . (I80–I99) 1.3 1.3 1.1 2.2 2.5 2.0 Influenza and pneumonia . . . . . . . . . . (J09–J18)4

Influenza . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (J09–J11)4 16.2

0.1 19.1

0.1 14.3

0.1 18.8

0.0 24.0

* 15.5

* Pneumonia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (J12–J18) 16.0 19.0 14.2 18.7 24.0 15.4

Other acute lower respiratory infections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (J20–J22,U04)5 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 * * Acute bronchitis and bronchiolitis . . . . . (J20–J21) 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 * * Other and unspecified acute lower respiratory

infections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (J22,U04)5,6 0.0 * 0.0 * * * Chronic lower respiratory diseases . . . . . (J40–J47) 44.9 51.8 40.4 28.7 40.4 21.9

Bronchitis, chronic and unspecified . . . . (J40–J42) 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Emphysema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(J43) 4.6 5.5 3.9 2.7 4.4 1.7 Asthma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (J45–J46) 0.9 0.7 1.1 2.6 2.5 2.6

See footnotes at end of table.

87 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 19, May 20, 2010

Table 17. Age-adjusted death rates for 113 selected causes and Enterocolitis due to Clostridium difficile, by Hispanic origin, race for non-Hispanic population, and sex: United States, 2007—Con. [Age-adjusted rates per 100,000 U.S. standard population; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ Populations used for computing death rates are postcensal estimates based on the 2000 census, estimated as of July 1, 2007; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ Race and Hispanic origin are reported separately on the death certificate. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. Data for Hispanic persons are not tabulated separately by race; data for non-Hispanic persons are tabulated by race. Data for Hispanic origin should be interpreted with caution because of inconsistencies between reporting Hispanic origin on death certificates and on censuses and surveys; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ The asterisks (*) preceding the cause-of-death codes indicate that they are not part of the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD–10), Second Edition; see ‘‘Technical Notes’’]

Non-Hispanic white3 Non-Hispanic black3

Cause of death (based on ICD–10, 2004) Both sexes Male Female Both sexes Male Female

Other chronic lower respiratory diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (J44,J47) 39.2 45.4 35.2 23.2 33.3 17.4

Pneumoconioses and chemical effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (J60–J66,J68) 0.3 0.8 0.0 0.2 0.4 *

Pneumonitis due to solids and liquids . . . . . . .(J69) 5.5 7.7 4.2 5.4 7.7 4.1 Other diseases of respiratory

system . . . . . . . .(J00–J06,J30–J39,J67,J70–J98) 9.2 11.3 7.8 8.8 10.5 7.6 Peptic ulcer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (K25–K28) 1.0 1.1 0.8 1.0 1.4 0.8 Diseases of appendix . . . . . . . . . . . . (K35–K38) 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.2 Hernia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (K40–K46) 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.5 Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis . .(K70,K73–K74) 8.9 12.2 5.9 7.5 11.3 4.6

Alcoholic liver disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . (K70) 4.4 6.5 2.4 3.5 5.6 1.8 Other chronic liver disease and

cirrhosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (K73–K74) 4.5 5.8 3.4 4.1 5.7 2.8 Cholelithiasis and other disorders of

gallbladder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (K80–K82) 1.0 1.1 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.0 Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome and

nephrosis . . . . . . . (N00–N07,N17–N19,N25–N27) 13.1 16.5 11.0 30.0 34.4 27.2 Acute and rapidly progressive nephritic and

nephrotic syndrome . . . . . . . . (N00–N01,N04) 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 * * Chronic glomerulonephritis, nephritis and

nephropathy not specified as acute or chronic, and renal sclerosis unspecified . . . . . . . (N02–N03,N05–N07,N26) 0.8 1.1 0.7 1.9 2.3 1.7

Renal failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (N17–N19) 12.2 15.3 10.3 28.0 32.0 25.4 Other disorders of kidney . . . . . . . . (N25,N27) * * * * * *

Infections of kidney . . . . . (N10–N12,N13.6,N15.1) 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Hyperplasia of prostate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (N40) 0.1 0.4 . . . 0.2 0.5 . . . Inflammatory diseases of female pelvic

organs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (N70–N76) 0.0 . . . 0.1 * . . . * Pregnancy, childbirth and

the puerperium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (O00–O99) 0.2 . . . 0.4 0.6 . . . 1.2 Pregnancy with abortive outcome . . . . (O00–O07) * . . . * * . . . * Other complications of pregnancy, childbirth and

the puerperium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (O10–O99) 0.2 . . . 0.4 0.6 . . . 1.1 Certain conditions originating in the perinatal

period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (P00–P96) 3.6 4.0 3.2 10.2 11.2 9.1 Congenital malformations, deformations and

chromosomal abnormalities . . . . . . . . (Q00–Q99) 3.3 3.4 3.1 4.1 4.2 3.9 Symptoms, signs and abnormal clinical and

laboratory findings, not elsewhere classified . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (R00–R99) 10.4 10.5 9.9 14.3 15.6 12.8

All other diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (residual) 74.9 74.5 73.4 91.7 96.6 86.7 Accidents (unintentional injuries) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(V01–X59,Y85–Y86) 43.0 58.6 28.4 37.6 56.2 22.2

Transport accidents . . . . . . . . . .(V01–V99,Y85) 15.9 23.0 9.1 15.4 24.7 7.5 Motor-vehicle accidents . . . . . . . . . (V02–V04,

V09.0,V09.2,V12–V14,V19.0–V19.2, V19.4–V19.6,V20–V79,V80.3–V80.5, V81.0–V81.1,V82.0–V82.1,V83–V86,

V87.0–V87.8,V88.0–V88.8,V89.0, V89.2) 14.9 21.4 8.7 14.5 23.1 7.2 Other land transport accidents . . . . . . . (V01,

V05–V06,V09.1,V09.3–V09.9, V10–V11, V15–V18,V19.3,V19.8– V19.9,V80.0–V80.2,

V80.6–V80.9, V81.2–V81.9,V82.2–V82.9, V87.9, V88.9,V89.1,V89.3,V89.9) 0.3 0.5 0.1 0.4 0.7 0.2

Water, air and space, and other and unspecified transport accidents and their sequelae . . . . . . . . .(V90–V99,Y85) 0.7 1.1 0.3 0.5 0.9 0.1

See footnotes at end of table.

88 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 19, May 20, 2010

Table 17. Age-adjusted death rates for 113 selected causes and Enterocolitis due to Clostridium difficile, by Hispanic origin, race for non-Hispanic population, and sex: United States, 2007—Con. [Age-adjusted rates per 100,000 U.S. standard population; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ Populations used for computing death rates are postcensal estimates based on the 2000 census, estimated as of July 1, 2007; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ Race and Hispanic origin are reported separately on the death certificate. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. Data for Hispanic persons are not tabulated separately by race; data for non-Hispanic persons are tabulated by race. Data for Hispanic origin should be interpreted with caution because of inconsistencies between reporting Hispanic origin on death certificates and on censuses and surveys; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ The asterisks (*) preceding the cause-of-death codes indicate that they are not part of the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD–10), Second Edition; see ‘‘Technical Notes’’]

Non-Hispanic white3 Non-Hispanic black3

Cause of death (based on ICD–10, 2004) Both sexes Male Female Both sexes Male Female

Nontransport accidents . . . . . . . (W00–X59,Y86) 27.0 35.6 19.2 22.2 31.5 14.7 Falls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(W00–W19) 7.6 9.6 6.0 3.5 5.0 2.4 Accidental discharge of firearms. . . .(W32–W34) 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.6 * Accidental drowning and

submersion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(W65–W74) 1.1 1.7 0.6 1.3 2.1 0.4 Accidental exposure to smoke, fire and

flames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X00–X09) 1.0 1.2 0.8 2.3 3.1 1.7

Accidental poisoning and exposure to noxious substances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X40–X49) 11.6 15.2 8.0 8.8 12.5 5.7 Other and unspecified nontransport

accidents and their sequelae . . . . (W20– W31, W35–W64,W75–W99,X10–X39, X50–X59,Y86) 5.5 7.4 3.8 6.0 8.2 4.4

Intentional self-harm (suicide) . . . . . . . . . . . . . (*U03,X60–X84,Y87.0) 13.5 21.9 5.7 5.1 9.0 1.8 Intentional self-harm (suicide) by discharge of

firearms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X72–X74) 6.9 12.6 1.8 2.6 5.0 0.5 Intentional self-harm (suicide) by other and

unspecified means and their sequelae . . . . . (*U03,X60–X71,X75–X84, Y87.0) 6.6 9.4 3.9 2.5 4.0 1.2

Assault (homicide). . . . .(*U01–*U02,X85–Y09,Y87.1) 2.8 3.7 1.8 21.8 38.5 6.3 Assault (homicide) by discharge of

firearms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (*U01.4,X93–X95) 1.6 2.2 0.9 16.9 31.2 3.3 Assault (homicide) by other and

unspecified means and their sequelae . . . . . . (*U01.0–*U01.3,*U01.5–*U01.9,

*U02,X85–X92,X96–Y09,Y87.1) 1.2 1.5 0.9 5.0 7.3 3.0 Legal intervention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(Y35,Y89.0) 0.1 0.2 * 0.3 0.6 * Events of undetermined

intent. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Y10–Y34,Y87.2,Y89.9) 2.0 2.5 1.6 2.0 3.0 1.2 Discharge of firearms, undetermined intent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Y22–Y24) 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.2 *

Other and unspecified events of undetermined intent and their sequelae . . . . . (Y10–Y21,Y25–Y34,Y87.2,Y89.9) 1.9 2.4 1.5 1.9 2.8 1.1

Operations of war and their sequelae . . .(Y36,Y89.1) * * * * * * Complications of medical and surgical

care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(Y40–Y84,Y88) 0.8 0.9 0.7 1.5 1.6 1.4

Enterocolitis due to Clostridium difficile . . . . (A04.7)7 2.1 2.1 2.2 1.5 1.6 1.5

89 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 19, May 20, 2010

Table 18. Number of deaths, death rates, and age-adjusted death rates for injury deaths, by mechanism and intent of death: United States, 2007 [Totals for selected causes of death differ from those shown in other tables that utilize standard mortality tabulation lists; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ Populations used for computing death rates are postcensal estimates based on the 2000 census, estimated as of July 1, 2007. Rates are per 100,000 population; age-adjusted rates are per 100,000 U.S. standard population; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ Figure(s) in brackets [ ] applies to the code or range of codes preceding it. For explanation of asterisks preceding cause-of-death codes, see ‘‘Technical Notes’’]

Mechanism and intent of death (based on the International Classification of Age-adjusted Diseases, Tenth Revision, Second Edition, 2004) Number Rate rate1

All injury . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (*U01–*U03,V01–Y36,Y85–Y87,Y89) 182,479 60.5 59.2 Unintentional . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(V01–X59,Y85–Y86) 123,706 41.0 40.0 Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (*U03,X60–X84,Y87.0) 34,598 11.5 11.3 Homicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(*U01–*U02,X85–Y09,Y87.1) 18,361 6.1 6.1 Undetermined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Y10–Y34,Y87.2,Y89.9) 5,381 1.8 1.8 Legal intervention/war . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Y35–Y36,Y89[.0,.1]) 433 0.1 0.1

Cut/pierce . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(W25–W29,W45,X78,X99,Y28,Y35.4) 2,734 0.9 0.9 Unintentional . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (W25–W29,W45) 111 0.0 0.0 Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X78) 619 0.2 0.2 Homicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X99) 1,981 0.7 0.6 Undetermined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Y28) 23 0.0 0.0 Legal intervention/war . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Y35.4) – * *

Drowning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (W65–W74,X71,X92,Y21) 4,086 1.4 1.4 Unintentional . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(W65–W74) 3,443 1.1 1.1 Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X71) 358 0.1 0.1 Homicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X92) 49 0.0 0.0 Undetermined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Y21) 236 0.1 0.1

Fall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (W00–W19,X80,Y01,Y30) 23,443 7.8 7.3 Unintentional . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(W00–W19) 22,631 7.5 7.0 Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X80) 731 0.2 0.2 Homicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Y01) 15 * * Undetermined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Y30) 66 0.0 0.0

Fire/hot object or substance . . . . . . . . . (*U01.3,X00–X19,X76–X77,X97–X98, Y26–Y27,Y36.3)2 3,774 1.3 1.2

Unintentional . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X00–X19) 3,375 1.1 1.1 Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X76–X77) 157 0.1 0.1 Homicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (*U01.3,X97–X98) 141 0.0 0.0 Undetermined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Y26–Y27) 101 0.0 0.0 Legal intervention/war . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Y36.3) – * *

Fire/flame . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X00–X09,X76,X97,Y26) 3,680 1.2 1.2 Unintentional . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X00–X09) 3,286 1.1 1.1 Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X76) 157 0.1 0.1 Homicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X97) 139 0.0 0.0 Undetermined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Y26) 98 0.0 0.0

Hot object/substance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X10–X19,X77,X98,Y27) 94 0.0 0.0 Unintentional . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X10–X19) 89 0.0 0.0 Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X77) – * * Homicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X98) 2 * * Undetermined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Y27) 3 * *

Firearm. . . . . . . . . . . . (*U01.4,W32–W34,X72–X74,X93–X95,Y22–Y24,Y35.0) 31,224 10.4 10.2 Unintentional . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(W32–W34) 613 0.2 0.2 Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X72–X74) 17,352 5.8 5.6 Homicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (*U01.4,X93–X95) 12,632 4.2 4.2 Undetermined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Y22–Y24) 276 0.1 0.1 Legal intervention/war . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Y35.0) 351 0.1 0.1

Machinery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (W24,W30–W31)3 659 0.2 0.2 All transport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (*U01.1,V01–V99,X82,Y03,Y32,Y36.1) 46,250 15.3 15.2

Unintentional . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (V01–V99) 46,067 15.3 15.1 Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X82) 131 0.0 0.1 Homicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (*U01.1,Y03) 30 0.0 0.0 Undetermined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Y32) 22 0.0 0.0 Legal intervention/war . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Y36.1) – * *

Motor vehicle traffic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (V02–V04[.1,.9],V09.2,V12–V14[.3–.9], V19[.4–.6],V20–V28[.3–.9],V29–V79[.4–.9],V80[.3–.5],V81.1,V82.1,

V83–V86[.0–.3],V87[.0–.8],V89.2)3 42,031 13.9 13.8 Occupant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (V30–V79[.4–.9],V83–V86[.0–.3])3 16,560 5.5 5.4 Motorcyclist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (V20–V28[.3–.9],V29[.4–.9])3 4,889 1.6 1.6 Pedal cyclist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (V12–V14[.3–.9],V19[.4–.6])3 578 0.2 0.2 Pedestrian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (V02–V04[.1,.9],V09.2)3 4,820 1.6 1.6 Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(V80[.3–.5],V81.1,V82.1)3 6 * * Unspecified . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (V87[.0–.8],V89.2)3 15,178 5.0 5.0

Pedal cyclist, other . . . . . . (V10–V11,V12–V14[.0–.2],V15–V18,V19[.0–.3,.8,.9])3 242 0.1 0.1 Pedestrian, other . . . . . . . . . . . . . (V01,V02–V04[.0],V05,V06,V09[.0,.1,.3,.9])3 1,138 0.4 0.4

See footnotes at end of table.

90 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 19, May 20, 2010

Table 18. Number of deaths, death rates, and age-adjusted death rates for injury deaths, by mechanism and intent of death: United States, 2007—Con. [Totals for selected causes of death differ from those shown in other tables that utilize standard mortality tabulation lists; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ Populations used for computing death rates are postcensal estimates based on the 2000 census, estimated as of July 1, 2007. Rates are per 100,000 population; age-adjusted rates are per 100,000 U.S. standard population; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ Figure(s) in brackets [ ] applies to the code or range of codes preceding it. For explanation of asterisks preceding cause-of-death codes, see ‘‘Technical Notes’’]

Mechanism and intent of death (based on the International Classification of Age-adjusted Diseases, Tenth Revision, Second Edition, 2004) Number Rate rate1

Other land transport . . . . . . . . (V20–V28[.0–.2],V29–V79[.0–.3],V80[.0–.2,.6–.9], V81–V82[.0,.2–.9],V83–V86[.4–.9],V87.9,V88[.0–.9],V89[.0,.1,.3,.9],X82,Y03,Y32) 1,800 0.6 0.6

Unintentional . . . . . . . . . (V20–V28[.0–.2],V29–V79[.0–.3],V80[.0–.2,.6–.9], V81–V82[.0,.2–.9],V83–V86[.4–.9],V87.9,V88[.0–.9],V89[.0,.1,.3,.9]) 1,617 0.5 0.5

Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X82) 131 0.0 0.1 Homicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Y03) 30 0.0 0.0 Undetermined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Y32) 22 0.0 0.0

Other transport (*U01.1,V90–V99,Y36.1) 1,039 0.3 0.3 Unintentional . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (V90–V99) 1,039 0.3 0.3 Homicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (*U01.1) – * * Legal intervention/war . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Y36.1) – * *

Natural/environmental . . . (W42–W43,W53–W64,W92–W99,X20–X39,X51–X57)3 1,449 0.5 0.5 Overexertion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X50)3 9 * * Poisoning . . . . . . . . (*U01[.6–.7],X40–X49,X60–X69,X85–X90,Y10–Y19,Y35.2) 40,059 13.3 13.1

Unintentional . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X40–X49) 29,846 9.9 9.8 Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X60–X69) 6,358 2.1 2.1 Homicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (*U01[.6–.7],X85–X90) 85 0.0 0.0 Undetermined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Y10–Y19) 3,770 1.2 1.3 Legal intervention/war . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Y35.2) – * *

Struck by or against . . . . . . . . (W20–W22,W50–W52,X79,Y00,Y04,Y29,Y35.3) 1,009 0.3 0.3 Unintentional . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (W20–W22,W50–W52) 832 0.3 0.3 Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X79) 1 * * Homicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Y00,Y04) 173 0.1 0.1 Undetermined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Y29) 3 * * Legal intervention/war . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Y35.3) – * *

Suffocation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (W75–W84,X70,X91,Y20) 14,930 4.9 4.9 Unintentional . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(W75–W84) 5,997 2.0 1.9 Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X70) 8,161 2.7 2.7 Homicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X91) 637 0.2 0.2 Undetermined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Y20) 135 0.0 0.0

Other specified, classifiable . . . . (*U01[.0,.2,.5],*U03.0,W23,W35–W41,W44,W49, W85–W91,X75,X81,X96,Y02,Y05–Y07,Y25,Y31,Y35[.1,.5],Y36[.0,.2,.4–.8],Y85) 2,121 0.7 0.7 Unintentional . . . . . . . . . . . . . (W23,W35–W41,W44,W49,W85–W91,Y85) 1,542 0.5 0.5 Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (*U03.0,X75,X81) 331 0.1 0.1 Homicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (*U01[.0,.2,.5],X96,Y02,Y05–Y07) 186 0.1 0.1 Undetermined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Y25,Y31) 17 * * Legal intervention/war . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Y35[.1,.5],Y36[.0,.2,.4–.8]) 45 0.0 0.0

Other specified, not elsewhere classified . . . . . . (*U01.8,*U02,X58,X83,Y08,Y33, Y35.6,Y86–Y87,Y89[.0–.1]) 2,165 0.7 0.7

Unintentional . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X58,Y86) 1,113 0.4 0.4 Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(X83,Y87.0) 236 0.1 0.1 Homicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (*U01.8,*U02,Y08,Y87.1) 586 0.2 0.2 Undetermined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(Y33,Y87.2) 197 0.1 0.1 Legal intervention/war . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Y35.6,Y89[.0,.1]) 33 0.0 0.0

Unspecified . . . . . . . . . . (*U01.9,*U03.9,X59,X84,Y09,Y34,Y35.7,Y36.9,Y89.9) 8,567 2.8 2.7 Unintentional . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X59) 6,019 2.0 1.9 Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (*U03.9,X84) 163 0.1 0.1 Homicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (*U01.9,Y09) 1,846 0.6 0.6 Undetermined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(Y34,Y89.9) 535 0.2 0.2 Legal intervention/war . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Y35.7,Y36.9) 4 * *

0.0 Quantity more than zero but less than 0.05. – Quantity zero. * Figure does not meet standard of reliability or precision; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ 1For method of computation, see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ 2Codes *U01.3 and Y36.3 cannot be divided separately into the subcategories shown below; therefore, subcategories may not add to total. 3Intent of death is unintentional.

91 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 19, May 20, 2010

Table 19. Number of deaths, death rates, and age-adjusted death rates for injury by firearms, by race and sex: United States, 1999–2007 [Rates on an annual basis per 100,000 population in specified group; age-adjusted rates are per 100,000 U.S. standard population; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ Rates are based on populations enumerated as of April 1 for 2000 and estimated as of July 1 for all other years; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ Race categories are consistent with the 1977 Office of Management and Budget (OMB) standards. Data for specified races other than white and black should be interpreted with caution because of inconsistencies between reporting race on death certificates and on censuses and surveys; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ A listing of the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD–10), Second Edition codes included in this table can be found in the note at the bottom of the table]

American Indian or All races White1 Black1 Alaska Native1,2 Asian or Pacific Islander1,3

Both Both Both Both Both Year sexes Male Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Female

Number

2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,224 27,047 4,177 22,296 19,020 3,276 8,242 7,430 812 246 213 33 440 384 56 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,896 26,712 4,184 21,721 18,496 3,225 8,409 7,563 846 291 253 38 475 400 75 2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,694 26,657 4,037 21,958 18,788 3,170 7,984 7,226 758 305 264 41 447 379 68 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,569 25,498 4,071 21,442 18,223 3,219 7,448 6,709 739 281 236 45 398 330 68 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,136 26,124 4,012 21,763 18,647 3,116 7,659 6,882 777 269 229 40 445 366 79 2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,242 26,098 4,144 21,902 18,714 3,188 7,623 6,798 825 287 235 52 430 351 79 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,573 25,480 4,093 21,760 18,527 3,233 7,184 6,438 746 240 196 44 389 319 70 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,663 24,582 4,081 20,945 17,750 3,195 7,054 6,284 770 240 196 44 424 352 72 1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,874 24,700 4,174 21,143 17,942 3,201 7,017 6,184 833 268 228 40 446 346 100

Rate

2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.4 18.2 2.7 9.2 15.8 2.7 20.6 38.9 3.9 7.6 13.2 2.0 3.0 5.3 0.7 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.3 18.1 2.8 9.0 15.4 2.6 21.3 40.0 4.1 9.1 15.8 2.4 3.3 5.7 1.0 2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.4 18.3 2.7 9.1 15.8 2.6 20.4 38.7 3.7 9.6 16.7 2.6 3.2 5.5 0.9 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.1 17.6 2.7 9.0 15.5 2.7 19.3 36.4 3.7 8.9 15.0 2.9 2.9 5.0 1.0 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.4 18.3 2.7 9.2 16.0 2.6 20.1 37.8 3.9 8.6 14.7 2.6 3.4 5.7 1.2 2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.5 18.4 2.8 9.3 16.1 2.7 20.2 37.8 4.2 9.3 15.3 3.4 3.4 5.7 1.2 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.4 18.2 2.8 9.4 16.2 2.7 19.3 36.4 3.8 7.9 12.9 2.9 3.2 5.4 1.1 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.2 17.8 2.8 9.1 15.6 2.7 19.3 36.1 4.0 8.0 13.2 2.9 3.6 6.2 1.2 1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.3 18.1 2.9 9.2 15.9 2.8 19.4 36.0 4.4 9.5 16.2 2.8 3.9 6.3 1.7

Age-adjusted rate4

2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.2 18.2 2.7 8.9 15.6 2.6 19.5 36.2 3.8 7.3 12.4 2.0 2.9 5.2 0.7 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.2 18.1 2.7 8.7 15.3 2.6 20.1 37.4 4.0 8.5 14.7 2.4 3.1 5.4 1.0 2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.2 18.3 2.7 8.9 15.7 2.6 19.4 36.4 3.6 9.0 15.7 2.4 3.0 5.3 0.9 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.0 17.7 2.7 8.8 15.4 2.7 18.4 34.5 3.6 8.5 14.2 2.7 2.8 4.8 0.9 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.3 18.4 2.7 9.0 16.0 2.6 19.0 35.6 3.8 8.2 14.1 2.4 3.2 5.4 1.1 2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.4 18.6 2.8 9.2 16.2 2.7 19.3 36.0 4.1 8.9 14.8 3.1 3.2 5.5 1.1 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.3 18.5 2.8 9.2 16.3 2.7 18.4 34.5 3.8 7.8 13.0 2.8 3.0 5.2 1.0 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.2 18.1 2.8 9.0 15.9 2.7 18.4 34.2 3.9 7.9 13.1 2.9 3.4 6.0 1.1 1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.3 18.4 2.9 9.1 16.2 2.7 18.4 34.1 4.3 9.3 16.1 2.6 3.7 5.9 1.6

1Multiple-race data were reported by 27 states and the District of Columbia in 2007, by 25 states and the District of Columbia in 2006, by 21 states and the District of Columbia in 2005, by 15 states in 2004, and by 7 states in 2003; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ The multiple-race data for these reporting areas were bridged to the single-race categories of the 1977 OMB standards for comparability with other reporting areas; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ 2Includes Aleuts and Eskimos. 3Includes Chinese, Filipino, Hawaiian, Japanese, and Other Asian or Pacific Islander. 4For method of computation, see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’

NOTE: Causes of death attributable to injury by firearms include ICD–10 codes *U01.4, W32–W34, X72–X74, X93–X95, Y22–Y24, and Y35.0.

92 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 19, May 20, 2010

Table 20. Number of deaths, death rates, and age-adjusted death rates for injury by firearms, by Hispanic origin, race for non-Hispanic population, and sex: United States, 1999–2007 [ Rates on an annual basis per 100,000 population in specified group; age-adjusted rates are per 100,000 U.S. standard population; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ Rates are based on populations enumerated as of April 1 for 2000 and estimated as of July 1 for all other years; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ Race and Hispanic origin are reported separately on the death certificate. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. Data for Hispanic persons are not tabulated separately by race; data for non-Hispanic persons are tabulated by race. Data for Hispanic origin should be interpreted with caution because of inconsistencies between reporting Hispanic origin on death certificates and on censuses and surveys; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ Race categories are consistent with the 1977 Office of Management and Budget (OMB) standards. A listing of the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD–10), Second Edition codes included in this table can be found in the note at the bottom of the table]

All origins1 Hispanic Non-Hispanic2 Non-Hispanic white3 Non-Hispanic black3

Both Both Both Both Both Year sexes Male Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Female

Number

2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,224 27,047 4,177 3,492 3,155 337 27,641 23,809 3,832 18,861 15,925 2,936 8,133 7,326 807 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,896 26,712 4,184 3,464 3,142 322 27,329 23,482 3,847 18,312 15,411 2,901 8,294 7,460 834 2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,694 26,657 4,037 3,469 3,144 325 27,103 23,406 3,697 18,521 15,672 2,849 7,865 7,122 743 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,569 25,498 4,071 3,278 2,973 305 26,189 22,436 3,753 18,200 15,283 2,917 7,347 6,620 727 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,136 26,124 4,012 3,319 2,998 321 26,710 23,036 3,674 18,457 15,670 2,787 7,566 6,794 772 2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,242 26,098 4,144 3,143 2,834 309 26,944 23,127 3,817 18,762 15,881 2,881 7,494 6,681 813 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,573 25,480 4,093 3,087 2,774 313 26,341 22,573 3,768 18,676 15,760 2,916 7,063 6,323 740 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,663 24,582 4,081 2,891 2,582 309 25,637 21,881 3,756 18,042 15,160 2,882 6,958 6,193 765 1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,874 24,700 4,174 2,878 2,549 329 25,877 22,050 3,827 18,260 15,384 2,876 6,933 6,114 819

Rate

2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.4 18.2 2.7 7.7 13.4 1.5 10.8 19.0 2.9 9.4 16.1 2.9 21.3 40.3 4.0 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.3 18.1 2.8 7.8 13.7 1.5 10.7 18.8 2.9 9.1 15.6 2.8 22.0 41.4 4.2 2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.4 18.3 2.7 8.1 14.2 1.6 10.7 18.9 2.8 9.2 15.9 2.8 21.1 40.0 3.8 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.1 17.6 2.7 7.9 13.9 1.5 10.4 18.2 2.9 9.1 15.6 2.9 19.9 37.6 3.8 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.4 18.3 2.7 8.3 14.6 1.7 10.6 18.8 2.9 9.3 16.0 2.7 20.7 39.1 4.0 2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.5 18.4 2.8 8.1 14.2 1.6 10.8 19.0 3.0 9.4 16.3 2.8 20.7 38.9 4.3 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.4 18.2 2.8 8.3 14.6 1.7 10.6 18.7 3.0 9.4 16.3 2.9 19.8 37.3 4.0 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.2 17.8 2.8 8.2 14.2 1.8 10.4 18.3 3.0 9.1 15.7 2.9 19.8 37.1 4.2 1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.3 18.1 2.9 8.5 14.6 2.0 10.6 18.5 3.0 9.3 15.9 2.9 20.0 37.1 4.5

Age-adjusted rate4

2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.2 18.2 2.7 7.4 12.9 1.5 10.6 18.8 2.9 8.8 15.4 2.8 20.2 37.6 4.0 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.2 18.1 2.7 7.3 12.7 1.5 10.5 18.7 2.9 8.6 15.0 2.7 20.8 38.8 4.1 2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.2 18.3 2.7 7.6 13.3 1.6 10.5 18.8 2.8 8.8 15.3 2.7 20.0 37.7 3.7 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.0 17.7 2.7 7.5 13.1 1.5 10.2 18.2 2.9 8.7 15.1 2.8 19.0 35.7 3.7 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.3 18.4 2.7 7.8 13.6 1.6 10.5 18.8 2.8 8.8 15.6 2.7 19.7 36.8 3.9 2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.4 18.6 2.8 7.6 13.4 1.6 10.7 19.1 3.0 9.0 16.0 2.8 19.8 37.0 4.2 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.3 18.5 2.8 7.8 13.7 1.7 10.5 18.8 3.0 9.1 16.0 2.8 18.9 35.4 3.9 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.2 18.1 2.8 7.8 13.6 1.8 10.3 18.4 3.0 8.8 15.5 2.8 18.9 35.2 4.1 1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.3 18.4 2.9 8.2 14.2 2.0 10.5 18.7 3.0 8.9 15.8 2.8 19.0 35.2 4.4

1Figures for origin not stated are included in ‘‘all origins’’ but not distributed among specified origins. 2Includes races other than white and black. 3Multiple-race data were reported by 27 states and the District of Columbia in 2007, by 25 states and the District of Columbia in 2006, by 21 states and the District of Columbia in 2005, by 15 states in 2004, and by 7 states in 2003; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ The multiple-race data for these reporting areas were bridged to the single-race categories of the 1977 OMB standards for comparability with other reporting areas; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ 4For method of computation, see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’

NOTE: Causes of death attributable to injury by firearms include ICD–10 codes *U01.4, W32–W34, X72–X74, X93–X95, Y22–Y24, and Y35.0.

93 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 19, May 20, 2010

Table 21. Number of deaths, death rates, and age-adjusted death rates for drug-induced causes, by race and sex: United States, 1999–2007 [Rates on an annual basis per 100,000 population in specified group; age-adjusted rates are per 100,000 U.S. standard population; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ Rates are based on populations enumerated as of April 1 for 2000 and estimated as of July 1 for all other years; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ Race categories are consistent with the 1977 Office of Management and Budget (OMB) standards. Data for specified races other than white and black should be interpreted with caution because of inconsistencies between reporting race on death certificates and on censuses and surveys; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ A listing of the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD–10), Second Edition codes included in this table can be found in the note at the bottom of the table]

American Indian or All races White1 Black1 Alaska Native1,2 Asian or Pacific Islander1,3

Both Both Both Both Both Year sexes Male Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Female

Number

2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38,371 23,883 14,488 33,480 20,795 12,685 4,194 2,708 1,486 388 205 183 309 175 134 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38,396 24,507 13,889 32,866 20,786 12,080 4,790 3,261 1,529 407 253 154 333 207 126 2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,541 21,208 12,333 28,804 18,152 10,652 4,098 2,677 1,421 362 205 157 277 174 103 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,711 19,362 11,349 26,474 16,634 9,840 3,633 2,352 1,281 354 212 142 250 164 86 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,723 18,426 10,297 24,683 15,824 8,859 3,527 2,303 1,224 295 168 127 218 131 87 2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26,040 16,734 9,306 22,146 14,170 7,976 3,463 2,307 1,156 230 136 94 201 121 80 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,705 14,253 7,452 18,195 11,882 6,313 3,165 2,163 1,002 184 100 84 161 108 53 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,720 13,137 6,583 16,388 10,857 5,531 3,034 2,094 940 160 99 61 138 87 51 1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,128 12,885 6,243 15,714 10,506 5,208 3,100 2,191 909 164 96 68 150 92 58

Rate

2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.7 16.1 9.5 13.7 17.2 10.3 10.5 14.2 7.1 12.0 12.7 11.3 2.1 2.4 1.8 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.8 16.6 9.1 13.6 17.3 9.9 12.1 17.3 7.4 12.7 15.8 9.6 2.3 2.9 1.7 2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.3 14.5 8.2 12.0 15.3 8.8 10.5 14.3 7.0 11.5 13.0 9.9 2.0 2.5 1.4 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.5 13.4 7.6 11.1 14.1 8.2 9.4 12.8 6.3 11.2 13.5 9.0 1.8 2.5 1.2 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.9 12.9 7.0 10.4 13.5 7.4 9.2 12.7 6.1 9.5 10.8 8.2 1.7 2.0 1.3 2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.0 11.8 6.3 9.4 12.2 6.7 9.2 12.8 5.8 7.5 8.9 6.1 1.6 2.0 1.2 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.6 10.2 5.1 7.8 10.4 5.4 8.5 12.2 5.1 6.0 6.6 5.5 1.3 1.8 0.8 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.0 9.5 4.6 7.1 9.6 4.7 8.3 12.0 4.9 5.4 6.7 4.1 1.2 1.5 0.8 1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.9 9.4 4.4 6.9 9.3 4.5 8.6 12.7 4.8 5.8 6.8 4.8 1.3 1.7 1.0

Age-adjusted rate4

2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.6 15.8 9.3 13.6 16.9 10.2 11.0 15.4 7.3 12.1 12.6 11.5 2.0 2.3 1.7 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.7 16.4 9.0 13.5 17.1 9.8 12.9 18.9 7.7 13.4 16.3 10.5 2.3 3.0 1.7 2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.3 14.4 8.1 11.9 15.1 8.7 11.2 15.8 7.2 11.9 13.4 10.4 1.9 2.6 1.4 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.4 13.3 7.6 11.1 13.9 8.1 10.1 14.3 6.6 11.6 13.8 9.4 1.8 2.5 1.2 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.9 12.8 7.0 10.4 13.4 7.4 9.9 14.1 6.4 9.9 11.2 8.6 1.6 1.9 1.3 2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.0 11.7 6.3 9.4 12.1 6.7 9.9 14.2 6.1 7.8 9.0 6.4 1.6 2.1 1.2 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.6 10.1 5.1 7.8 10.2 5.3 9.2 13.6 5.4 6.6 7.3 5.8 1.3 1.8 0.8 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.0 9.5 4.6 7.1 9.4 4.7 9.0 13.5 5.2 5.6 6.9 4.3 1.1 1.5 0.8 1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.8 9.4 4.4 6.8 9.2 4.4 9.3 14.3 5.1 6.1 7.2 5.0 1.4 1.7 1.0

NOTES: Causes of death attributable to drug-induced mortality include ICD–10 codes D52.1, D59.0, D59.2, D61.1, D64.2, E06.4, E16.0, E23.1, E24.2, E27.3, E66.1, F11.0–F11.5, F11.7–F11.9, F12.0–F12.5, F12.7–F12.9, F13.0–F13.5, F13.7–F13.9, F14.0–F14.5, F14.7–F14.9, F15.0–F15.5, F15.7–F15.9, F16.0–F16.5, F16.7–F16.9, F17.0, F17.3–F17.5, F17.7–F17.9, F18.0–F18.5, F18.7–F18.9, F19.0–F19.5, F19.7–F19.9, G21.1, G24.0, G25.1, G25.4, G25.6, G44.4, G62.0, G72.0, I95.2, J70.2–J70.4, K85.3, L10.5, L27.0–L27.1, M10.2, M32.0, M80.4, M81.4, M83.5, M87.1, R50.2, R78.1–R78.5, X40–X44, X60–X64, X85, and Y10–Y14. In 2006, the list of drug-induced codes was modified to include two new ICD–10 codes, Drug-induced acute pancreatitis (K85.3) and Drug-induced fever (R50.2); see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’

94 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 19, May 20, 2010

Table 22. Number of deaths, death rates, and age-adjusted death rates for drug-induced causes, by Hispanic origin, race for non-Hispanic population, and sex: United States, 1999–2007 [Rates on an annual basis per 100,000 population in specified group; age-adjusted rates are per 100,000 U.S. standard population; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ Rates are based on populations enumerated as of April 1 for 2000 and estimated as of July 1 for all other years; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ Race and Hispanic origin are reported separately on the death certificate. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. Data for Hispanic persons are not tabulated separately by race; data for non-Hispanic persons are tabulated by race. Data for Hispanic origin should be interpreted with caution because of inconsistencies between reporting Hispanic origin on death certificates and on censuses and surveys; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ Race categories are consistent with the 1977 Office of Management and Budget (OMB) standards. A listing of the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD–10), Second Edition codes included in this table can be found in the note at the bottom of the table]

All origins1 Hispanic Non-Hispanic2 Non-Hispanic white3 Non-Hispanic black3

Both Both Both Both Both Year sexes Male Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Female

Number

2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38,371 23,883 14,488 2,723 2,045 678 35,532 21,771 13,761 30,755 18,760 11,995 4,126 2,662 1,464 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38,396 24,507 13,889 2,871 2,135 736 35,379 22,262 13,117 29,970 18,634 11,336 4,722 3,212 1,510 2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,541 21,208 12,333 2,596 1,969 627 30,809 19,140 11,669 26,186 16,170 10,016 4,019 2,612 1,407 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,711 19,362 11,349 2,257 1,671 586 28,339 17,605 10,734 24,201 14,952 9,249 3,577 2,309 1,268 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,723 18,426 10,297 2,358 1,800 558 26,199 16,497 9,702 22,245 13,959 8,286 3,466 2,256 1,210 2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26,040 16,734 9,306 2,137 1,647 490 23,756 14,978 8,778 19,949 12,478 7,471 3,404 2,264 1,140 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,705 14,253 7,452 1,731 1,335 396 19,799 12,778 7,021 16,367 10,465 5,902 3,099 2,113 986 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,720 13,137 6,583 1,700 1,348 352 17,835 11,656 6,179 14,585 9,439 5,146 2,977 2,050 927 1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,128 12,885 6,243 1,965 1,605 360 16,966 11,136 5,830 13,644 8,831 4,813 3,030 2,134 896

Rate

2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.7 16.1 9.5 6.0 8.7 3.1 13.9 17.4 10.5 15.3 19.0 11.7 10.8 14.6 7.3 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.8 16.6 9.1 6.5 9.3 3.4 13.9 17.9 10.1 14.9 18.9 11.1 12.5 17.8 7.6 2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.3 14.5 8.2 6.1 8.9 3.0 12.1 15.4 9.0 13.1 16.4 9.8 10.8 14.7 7.2 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.5 13.4 7.6 5.5 7.8 2.9 11.2 14.3 8.3 12.1 15.3 9.1 9.7 13.1 6.6 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.9 12.9 7.0 5.9 8.7 2.9 10.4 13.5 7.6 11.2 14.3 8.2 9.5 13.0 6.3 2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.0 11.8 6.3 5.5 8.2 2.6 9.5 12.3 6.9 10.0 12.8 7.4 9.4 13.2 6.0 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.6 10.2 5.1 4.7 7.0 2.2 8.0 10.6 5.5 8.3 10.8 5.8 8.7 12.5 5.3 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.0 9.5 4.6 4.8 7.4 2.1 7.2 9.7 4.9 7.4 9.8 5.1 8.5 12.3 5.0 1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.9 9.4 4.4 5.8 9.2 2.2 6.9 9.3 4.6 6.9 9.2 4.8 8.7 12.9 4.9

Age-adjusted rate4

2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.6 15.8 9.3 6.5 9.5 3.4 13.6 17.0 10.2 15.1 18.7 11.4 11.4 15.8 7.5 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.7 16.4 9.0 7.2 10.3 3.9 13.6 17.5 9.8 14.7 18.6 10.8 13.2 19.4 7.9 2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.3 14.4 8.1 6.8 10.0 3.5 11.9 15.2 8.8 12.8 16.2 9.6 11.4 16.1 7.4 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.4 13.3 7.6 6.2 8.9 3.4 11.1 14.1 8.2 12.0 15.0 8.9 10.4 14.6 6.8 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.9 12.8 7.0 6.7 9.9 3.3 10.3 13.3 7.4 11.0 14.1 8.0 10.1 14.4 6.6 2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.0 11.7 6.3 6.2 9.3 3.0 9.4 12.1 6.8 9.9 12.6 7.2 10.1 14.5 6.3 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.6 10.1 5.1 5.3 8.0 2.5 7.9 10.4 5.4 8.1 10.6 5.7 9.3 13.8 5.5 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.0 9.5 4.6 5.4 8.3 2.4 7.1 9.5 4.8 7.2 9.6 4.9 9.1 13.6 5.3 1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.8 9.4 4.4 6.4 10.3 2.5 6.8 9.2 4.6 6.8 8.9 4.6 9.4 14.4 5.2

95 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 19, May 20, 2010

Table 23. Number of deaths, death rates, and age-adjusted death rates for alcohol-induced causes, by race and sex: United States, 1999–2007 [Rates on an annual basis per 100,000 population in specified group; age-adjusted rates are per 100,000 U.S. standard population; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ Rates are based on populations enumerated as of April 1 for 2000 and estimated as of July 1 for all other years; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ Race categories are consistent with the 1977 Office of Management and Budget (OMB) standards. Data for specified races other than white and black should be interpreted with caution because of inconsistencies between reporting race on death certificates and on censuses and surveys; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ A listing of the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD–10), Second Edition codes included in this table can be found in the note at the bottom of the table]

American Indian or All races White1 Black1 Alaska Native1,2 Asian or Pacific Islander1,3

Both Both Both Both Both Year sexes Male Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Female

Number

2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,199 17,428 5,771 19,921 15,027 4,894 2,248 1,703 545 774 495 279 256 203 53 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,073 16,472 5,601 18,917 14,186 4,731 2,172 1,599 573 717 458 259 267 229 38 2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,634 16,238 5,396 18,432 13,917 4,515 2,316 1,698 618 655 432 223 231 191 40 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,081 15,906 5,175 17,875 13,525 4,350 2,351 1,784 567 645 417 228 210 180 30 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,687 15,630 5,057 17,437 13,218 4,219 2,406 1,824 582 664 431 233 180 157 23 2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,218 15,272 4,946 16,988 12,926 4,062 2,434 1,798 636 597 387 210 199 161 38 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,114 15,149 4,965 16,640 12,588 4,052 2,723 2,048 675 591 387 204 160 126 34 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,643 14,993 4,650 16,223 12,509 3,714 2,712 1,993 719 537 353 184 171 138 33 1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,469 14,894 4,575 15,903 12,277 3,626 2,832 2,100 732 589 397 192 145 120 25

Rate

2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.7 11.7 3.8 8.2 12.4 4.0 5.6 8.9 2.6 23.9 30.6 17.2 1.7 2.8 0.7 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.4 11.2 3.7 7.8 11.8 3.9 5.5 8.5 2.8 22.4 28.6 16.2 1.8 3.2 0.5 2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3 11.1 3.6 7.7 11.7 3.7 5.9 9.1 3.0 20.7 27.4 14.1 1.6 2.8 0.6 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.2 11.0 3.5 7.5 11.5 3.6 6.1 9.7 2.8 20.5 26.5 14.5 1.5 2.7 0.4 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1 10.9 3.4 7.4 11.3 3.5 6.3 10.0 2.9 21.3 27.8 15.0 1.4 2.4 0.3 2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.0 10.8 3.4 7.2 11.1 3.4 6.4 10.0 3.2 19.4 25.2 13.6 1.6 2.6 0.6 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1 10.8 3.4 7.2 11.0 3.4 7.3 11.6 3.5 19.3 25.4 13.3 1.3 2.1 0.5 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.0 10.9 3.2 7.1 11.0 3.2 7.4 11.4 3.7 18.0 23.7 12.3 1.5 2.4 0.5 1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.0 10.9 3.2 7.0 10.9 3.1 7.8 12.2 3.9 20.8 28.1 13.5 1.3 2.2 0.4

Age-adjusted rate4

2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3 11.3 3.5 7.5 11.6 3.6 6.3 11.0 2.7 26.3 35.1 18.2 1.8 3.0 0.7 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.0 10.9 3.4 7.2 11.2 3.5 6.2 10.4 3.0 25.2 33.3 17.8 1.9 3.5 0.5 2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.0 11.0 3.4 7.2 11.1 3.4 6.8 11.4 3.3 23.7 32.5 15.6 1.7 3.1 0.6 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.0 11.0 3.3 7.1 11.0 3.3 7.2 12.3 3.1 23.8 32.4 16.1 1.7 3.2 0.5 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.0 11.0 3.3 7.0 11.0 3.3 7.4 12.8 3.3 25.1 34.0 16.9 1.5 2.8 0.4 2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.9 11.0 3.3 6.9 10.9 3.2 7.8 13.1 3.6 23.2 31.5 15.6 1.8 3.2 0.6 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.0 11.2 3.3 6.9 10.9 3.3 8.9 15.1 3.9 23.6 33.0 15.4 1.5 2.6 0.6 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.0 11.4 3.2 6.9 11.1 3.0 9.1 15.3 4.3 22.7 31.4 14.9 1.7 2.9 0.7 1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1 11.5 3.2 6.8 11.0 3.0 9.8 16.7 4.5 26.7 38.8 16.2 1.6 2.8 0.5

NOTES: Causes of death attributable to alcohol-induced mortality include ICD–10 codes E24.4, F10, G31.2, G62.1, G72.1, I42.6, K29.2, K70, K85.2, K86.0, R78.0, X45, X65, and Y15. In 2006, the list of alcohol-induced codes was modified to include a new ICD–10 code, Alcohol-induced acute pancreatitis (K85.2); see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’

96 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 19, May 20, 2010

Table 24. Number of deaths, death rates, and age-adjusted death rates for alcohol-induced causes, by Hispanic origin, race for non-Hispanic population, and sex: United States, 1999–2007 [Rates on an annual basis per 100,000 population in specified group; age-adjusted rates are per 100,000 U.S. standard population; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ Rates are based on populations enumerated as of April 1 for 2000 and estimated as of July 1 for all other years; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ Race and Hispanic origin are reported separately on the death certificate. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. Data for Hispanic persons are not tabulated separately by race; data for non-Hispanic persons are tabulated by race. Data for Hispanic origin should be interpreted with caution because of inconsistencies between reporting Hispanic origin on death certificates and on censuses and surveys; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ Race categories are consistent with the 1977 Office of Management and Budget (OMB) standards. A listing of the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD–10), Second Edition codes included in this table can be found in the note at the bottom of the table]

All origins1 Hispanic Non-Hispanic2 Non-Hispanic white3 Non-Hispanic black3

Both Both Both Both Both Year sexes Male Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Female

Number

2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,199 17,428 5,771 2,977 2,539 438 20,130 14,811 5,319 16,935 12,474 4,461 2,210 1,674 536 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,073 16,472 5,601 2,804 2,341 463 19,187 14,055 5,132 16,114 11,837 4,277 2,128 1,561 567 2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,634 16,238 5,396 2,658 2,265 393 18,877 13,890 4,987 15,729 11,610 4,119 2,282 1,670 612 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,081 15,906 5,175 2,406 2,056 350 18,567 13,761 4,806 15,418 11,428 3,990 2,318 1,754 564 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,687 15,630 5,057 2,422 2,048 374 18,160 13,490 4,670 14,977 11,133 3,844 2,367 1,787 580 2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,218 15,272 4,946 2,408 2,065 343 17,661 13,078 4,583 14,494 10,783 3,711 2,396 1,768 628 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,114 15,149 4,965 2,381 2,026 355 17,593 13,009 4,584 14,186 10,497 3,689 2,677 2,016 661 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,643 14,993 4,650 2,323 2,024 299 17,177 12,843 4,334 13,815 10,408 3,407 2,672 1,959 713 1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,469 14,894 4,575 2,184 1,864 320 17,143 12,905 4,238 13,633 10,337 3,296 2,794 2,066 728

Rate

2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.7 11.7 3.8 6.5 10.8 2.0 7.9 11.8 4.1 8.4 12.6 4.4 5.8 9.2 2.7 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.4 11.2 3.7 6.3 10.2 2.2 7.5 11.3 3.9 8.0 12.0 4.2 5.6 8.7 2.9 2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3 11.1 3.6 6.2 10.3 1.9 7.4 11.2 3.8 7.9 11.8 4.0 6.1 9.4 3.1 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.2 11.0 3.5 5.8 9.6 1.8 7.4 11.2 3.7 7.7 11.7 3.9 6.3 10.0 2.9 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1 10.9 3.4 6.1 9.9 1.9 7.2 11.0 3.6 7.5 11.4 3.8 6.5 10.3 3.0 2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.0 10.8 3.4 6.2 10.3 1.8 7.1 10.7 3.6 7.3 11.1 3.7 6.6 10.3 3.3 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1 10.8 3.4 6.4 10.7 2.0 7.1 10.8 3.6 7.2 10.8 3.6 7.5 11.9 3.5 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.0 10.9 3.2 6.6 11.1 1.7 7.0 10.7 3.4 7.0 10.8 3.4 7.6 11.7 3.9 1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.0 10.9 3.2 6.4 10.7 1.9 7.0 10.8 3.4 6.9 10.7 3.3 8.0 12.5 4.0

Age-adjusted rate4

2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3 11.3 3.5 9.3 16.4 2.7 7.0 10.8 3.6 7.2 10.9 3.8 6.5 11.2 2.8 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.0 10.9 3.4 9.1 15.7 3.0 6.8 10.4 3.5 6.9 10.5 3.6 6.3 10.5 3.0 2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.0 11.0 3.4 9.1 16.2 2.6 6.8 10.4 3.5 6.8 10.4 3.5 7.0 11.6 3.4 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.0 11.0 3.3 8.6 15.1 2.5 6.8 10.6 3.4 6.8 10.5 3.4 7.3 12.5 3.2 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.0 11.0 3.3 9.2 16.2 2.8 6.8 10.5 3.3 6.7 10.4 3.4 7.6 12.9 3.3 2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.9 11.0 3.3 9.5 17.0 2.7 6.7 10.4 3.3 6.6 10.2 3.3 7.9 13.3 3.7 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.0 11.2 3.3 10.1 18.1 2.9 6.7 10.5 3.4 6.5 10.1 3.3 9.0 15.4 4.0 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.0 11.4 3.2 10.5 19.4 2.6 6.7 10.6 3.2 6.4 10.1 3.1 9.3 15.5 4.4 1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1 11.5 3.2 10.3 18.6 3.0 6.8 10.8 3.2 6.4 10.2 3.0 10.0 16.9 4.6

97 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 19, May 20, 2010

Table 25. Number of deaths, death rates, and age-adjusted death rates for ages 15 years and over, by marital status and sex: United States, 2007 [Rates per 100,000 population in specified group; age-adjusted rates per 100,000 U.S. standard population; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ Population estimates used for computing death rates are based on the Current Population Survey adjusted to July 1, 2007, resident population control totals for the United States; see ‘‘Technical Notes’’]

15 years 15–24 25–34 35–44 45–54 55–64 65–74 75 years Age-adjusted Marital status and sex and over1 years years years years years years and over rate2

Number

Both sexes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,383,523 33,982 42,572 79,606 184,686 287,110 389,238 1,366,329 . . . Never married . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260,281 31,424 25,552 28,859 44,192 36,602 27,231 66,421 . . . Ever married . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,110,875 2,473 16,771 49,955 138,263 247,629 359,522 1,296,262 . . .

Married . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 917,839 2,131 12,244 31,797 81,017 146,861 206,907 436,882 . . . Widowed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 879,173 54 259 1,291 6,879 24,821 81,699 764,170 . . . Divorced. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313,863 288 4,268 16,867 50,367 75,947 70,916 95,210 . . .

Not stated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,367 85 249 792 2,231 2,879 2,485 3,646 . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,181,300 25,316 29,792 50,105 114,456 173,618 218,344 569,669 . . . Never married . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161,119 23,715 18,972 20,213 30,402 23,948 16,670 27,199 . . . Ever married . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,011,370 1,533 10,638 29,313 82,304 147,368 199,795 540,419 . . .

Married . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 618,209 1,348 7,795 18,629 48,067 92,682 136,653 313,035 . . . Widowed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223,656 22 115 506 2,465 7,907 23,823 188,818 . . . Divorced. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169,505 163 2,728 10,178 31,772 46,779 39,319 38,566 . . .

Not stated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,811 68 182 579 1,750 2,302 1,879 2,051 . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,202,223 8,666 12,780 29,501 70,230 113,492 170,894 796,660 . . . Never married . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99,162 7,709 6,580 8,646 13,790 12,654 10,561 39,222 . . . Ever married . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,099,505 940 6,133 20,642 55,959 100,261 159,727 755,843 . . .

Married . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299,630 783 4,449 13,168 32,950 54,179 70,254 123,847 . . . Widowed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655,517 32 144 785 4,414 16,914 57,876 575,352 . . . Divorced. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144,358 125 1,540 6,689 18,595 29,168 31,597 56,644 . . .

Not stated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,556 17 67 213 481 577 606 1,595 . . .

Rate3

Both sexes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 990.1 79.9 104.9 184.4 420.9 877.7 2,011.3 7,371.3 1,167.9 Never married . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365.4 82.1 155.3 385.0 835.1 1,627.3 3,363.1 9,792.5 1,780.4 Ever married . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,245.4 58.4 69.5 140.1 358.4 812.9 1,938.9 7,258.9 1,109.6

Married . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 699.8 54.6 56.2 105.3 263.9 630.9 1,599.4 5,213.4 828.3 Widowed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,831.3 * 216.5 379.8 753.0 1,333.3 2,425.6 9,056.1 1,570.7 Divorced. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,349.4 96.7 190.2 328.0 722.3 1,426.4 3,168.6 9,159.7 1,643.8

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,005.3 115.8 144.0 231.8 530.0 1,100.6 2,456.9 8,035.4 1,348.3 Never married . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413.2 117.0 198.9 457.4 1,013.5 2,142.8 4,329.8 10,268.3 2,057.6 Ever married . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,288.1 96.2 95.5 170.4 442.6 1,005.4 2,350.0 7,918.7 1,269.8

Married . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 940.3 91.8 76.6 125.6 315.4 765.6 1,955.5 6,349.7 1,009.0 Widowed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,618.2 * * 553.5 1,098.3 2,201.5 3,577.7 12,099.4 2,273.0 Divorced. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,723.7 146.0 288.8 447.9 1,015.3 2,133.0 4,636.1 11,543.2 2,223.4

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 975.6 42.0 64.2 136.9 315.2 670.1 1,633.0 6,960.0 1,020.3 Never married . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307.5 42.8 95.2 281.1 601.7 1,118.2 2,486.8 9,487.7 1,506.4 Ever married . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,208.6 35.6 47.2 111.8 280.0 634.4 1,590.8 6,850.8 983.8

Married . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 458.1 32.2 38.4 85.8 213.2 485.0 1,181.1 3,589.8 595.1 Widowed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,399.2 * 146.5 315.9 640.5 1,125.8 2,141.8 8,365.6 1,395.0 Divorced. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,075.2 67.1 118.5 233.0 483.7 931.5 2,273.2 8,030.7 1,291.6

Table 26. Number of deaths, death rates, and age-adjusted death rates for ages 25–64 years, by educational attainment and sex: Total of 22 reporting states and the District of Columbia using the 2003 version of the U.S. Standard Certificate of Death and total of 26 reporting states using the 1989 version of the U.S. Standard Certificate of Death, 2007 [Rates per 100,000 in specified group; age-adjusted rates per 100,000 U.S. standard population; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ Population estimates used for computing death rates are based on the Current Population Survey adjusted to July 1, 2007, resident population control totals for reporting areas]

22 reporting states and the District of Columbia1 using 2003 version of U.S. Standard Certificate of Death

25–64 25–34 35–44 45–54 55–64 Age-adjusted Education level and sex years3 years years years years rate4

Number

Both sexes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310,903 22,011 41,335 97,727 149,830 Less than high school diploma or GED . . 60,991 5,265 9,025 18,932 27,769 High school diploma or GED . . . . . . . . 126,184 8,901 17,251 41,320 58,712 Some college or collegiate degree. . . . . 109,248 6,707 13,021 32,858 56,662 Not stated6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,480 1,138 2,038 4,617 6,687

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192,543 15,385 26,132 60,609 90,417 Less than high school diploma or GED . . 39,161 3,846 5,926 12,444 16,945 High school diploma or GED . . . . . . . . 78,550 6,414 11,323 26,244 34,569 Some college or collegiate degree. . . . . 64,707 4,271 7,452 18,669 34,315 Not stated6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,125 854 1,431 3,252 4,588

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118,360 6,626 15,203 37,118 59,413 Less than high school diploma or GED . . 21,830 1,419 3,099 6,488 10,824 High school diploma or GED . . . . . . . . 47,634 2,487 5,928 15,076 24,143 Some college or collegiate degree. . . . . 44,541 2,436 5,569 14,189 22,347 Not stated6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,355 284 607 1,365 2,099

Rate8

Both sexes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355.8 98.3 173.2 411.7 861.5 Less than high school diploma or GED . . 547.5 169.3 292.6 666.3 1,319.6 High school diploma or GED . . . . . . . . 503.3 145.9 254.8 571.2 1,182.1 Some college or collegiate degree. . . . . 213.5 50.9 92.9 240.5 549.1

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443.7 135.0 218.0 516.3 1,092.2 Less than high school diploma or GED . . 653.5 215.3 347.3 824.9 1,710.1 High school diploma or GED . . . . . . . . 609.6 186.1 315.0 709.0 1,611.5 Some college or collegiate degree. . . . . 263.9 69.3 111.5 286.0 667.3

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269.1 60.3 127.9 309.4 652.0 Less than high school diploma or GED . . 424.0 107.2 224.9 486.8 972.0 High school diploma or GED . . . . . . . . 390.9 93.7 186.6 426.7 855.6 Some college or collegiate degree. . . . . 167.1 34.7 76.0 199.0 431.7

. . .

330.9 529.5 463.9 196.7

420.3 665.2 600.9 238.9

245.2 387.4 336.8 156.8

26 reporting states2 using 1989 version of U.S. Standard Certificate of Death

25–64 25–34 35–44 45–54 55–64 Age-adjusted Years of school completed5 and sex years3 years years years years rate4

Number

Both sexes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260,661 18,840 35,041 80,060 126,720 . . . Under 12 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . 53,458 4,234 7,339 15,742 26,143 . . . 12 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115,327 8,564 16,037 36,652 54,074 . . . 13 years or more. . . . . . . . . . . . 81,214 5,202 10,163 24,398 41,451 . . . Not stated7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,662 840 1,502 3,268 5,052 . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161,632 13,278 21,947 49,660 76,747 . . . Under 12 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,775 3,094 4,828 10,509 16,344 . . . 12 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,833 6,267 10,491 23,294 31,781 . . . 13 years or more. . . . . . . . . . . . 47,697 3,291 5,635 13,588 25,183 . . . Not stated7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,327 626 993 2,269 3,439 . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99,029 5,562 13,094 30,400 49,973 . . . Under 12 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,683 1,140 2,511 5,233 9,799 . . . 12 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43,494 2,297 5,546 13,358 22,293 . . . 13 years or more. . . . . . . . . . . . Not stated7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

33,517 3,335

1,911 214

4,528 509

10,810 999

16,268 1,613

. . .

Rate8

Both sexes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388.6 113.0 198.9 430.2 894.1 353.0 Under 12 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . 747.3 235.2 415.5 844.9 1,516.5 664.4 12 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 535.9 172.2 295.6 576.4 1,135.4 477.0 13 years or more. . . . . . . . . . . . 211.5 52.5 97.4 234.9 539.3 195.4

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 484.4 156.4 249.7 543.5 1,103.9 444.8 Under 12 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . 873.3 294.4 470.7 1,044.4 1,817.8 799.3 12 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 647.1 222.6 362.3 713.4 1,495.2 606.9 13 years or more. . . . . . . . . . . . 260.9 71.2 115.8 279.3 641.1 234.6

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293.8 68.0 148.2 320.9 692.2 263.3 Under 12 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . 589.1 152.2 339.0 610.5 1,188.2 503.1 12 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417.5 106.4 219.2 431.8 845.4 349.9 13 years or more. . . . . . . . . . . . 166.6 36.2 81.4 195.7 432.9 158.2

98 N

ational Vital Statistics R eports, Vol. 58, N

o. 19, M ay 20, 2010

. . . Category not applicable. 1Includes data for California, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Idaho, Kansas, Michigan, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, South Carolina, South Dakota, Texas, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ 2Includes data for Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, Colorado, Hawaii, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nevada, North Carolina, North Dakota, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia, and Wisconsin; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ 3Excludes figures for age not stated. 4Calculated based on ages 25–64 years. For method of computation, see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ 5For rates, the definition of educational attainment differs for the numerator and denominator; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ 6Includes deaths that occurred in states that reported the unrevised education attainment item on the death certificate and in states that did not have an education item on the death certificate. 7Includes deaths that occurred in states that reported the revised education attainment item on the death certificate and in states that did not have an education item on the death certificate. 8Figures for education not stated are included in totals for ‘‘both sexes,’’ ‘‘male,’’ and ‘‘female’’ but are not distributed among specified years of education.

99 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 19, May 20, 2010

Table 27. Number of deaths, death rates, and age-adjusted death rates for injury at work and ages 15 years and over, by race and sex: United States, 2007 [Rates per 100,000 population in specified group; age-adjusted rates per 100,000 U.S. standard population; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ Rates are based on populations estimated as of July 1, 2007; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ For a discussion of injury at work, see ‘‘Technical Notes’’]

15 years 15–24 25–34 35–44 45–54 55–64 65 years Age-adjusted Race and sex and over1 years years years years years and over rate2

Number

All races3, both sexes . . . . . . . . . . . 5,025 489 824 1,021 1,266 837 588 . . . Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,606 446 776 947 1,158 764 515 . . . Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419 43 48 74 108 73 73 . . .

White4, both sexes . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,257 412 701 822 1,061 728 533 . . . Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,914 378 663 764 969 673 467 . . . Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343 34 38 58 92 55 66 . . .

Black4, both sexes . . . . . . . . . . . . . 579 58 87 150 156 83 45 . . . Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 521 53 78 139 141 71 39 . . . Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 5 9 11 15 12 6 . . .

Rate

All races3, both sexes . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1 1.2 2.0 2.4 2.9 2.6 1.6 2.1 Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 2.0 3.8 4.4 5.4 4.8 3.2 3.9 Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.3

White4, both sexes . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 1.2 2.2 2.4 2.9 2.6 1.6 2.1 Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 2.2 4.0 4.4 5.4 5.0 3.3 4.0 Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.3

Black4, both sexes . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.9 0.9 1.5 2.6 2.9 2.5 1.4 2.0 Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 1.5 2.8 5.2 5.8 4.7 3.1 3.8 Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.4 * * * * * * 0.4

. . . Category not applicable. * Figure does not meet standards of reliability or precision; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ 1Excludes figures for age not stated. 2Calculated based on ages 15 years and over. For method of computation, see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ 3Includes races other than white and black. 4Race categories are consistent with the 1977 Office of Management and Budget (OMB) standards. Multiple-race data were reported by 27 states and the District of Columbia in 2007; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ The multiple-race data for these reporting areas were bridged to the single-race categories of the 1977 OMB standards for comparability with other reporting areas; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’

100 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 19, May 20, 2010

Table 28. Number of deaths, death rates, and age-adjusted death rates for injury at work, by race and sex: United States, 1993–2007 [Includes ages 15 years and over; excludes figures for age not stated. Rates on annual basis per 100,000 population in specified group; age-adjusted rates are per 100,000 U.S. standard population; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ Rates are based on populations enumerated as of April 1 for 2000 and estimated as of July 1 for all other years; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ Race categories are consistent with the 1977 Office of Management and Budget (OMB) standards. For a discussion of injury at work, see ‘‘Technical Notes’’]

All other1

All races White1 Total1 Black1

Both Both Both Both Year sexes Male Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Female

Number

2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,025 4,606 419 4,257 3,914 343 768 692 76 579 521 58 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,298 4,869 429 4,562 4,200 362 736 669 67 565 513 52 2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,113 4,670 443 4,351 3,991 360 762 679 83 573 512 61 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,157 4,729 428 4,458 4,111 347 699 618 81 545 482 63 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,025 4,609 416 4,272 3,929 343 753 680 73 577 530 47 2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,305 4,859 446 4,568 4,199 369 737 660 77 559 500 59 20012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,303 7,181 1,122 7,093 6,211 882 1,210 970 240 849 680 169 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,430 4,969 461 4,657 4,270 387 773 699 74 591 536 55 1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,651 5,152 499 4,805 4,385 420 846 767 79 659 598 61 1998 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,543 5,036 507 4,804 4,366 438 739 670 69 587 535 52 1997 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,666 5,144 522 4,785 4,352 433 881 792 89 684 626 58 1996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,778 5,280 498 4,940 4,535 405 838 745 93 649 582 67 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,872 5,334 538 5,007 4,550 457 865 784 81 692 627 65 1994 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,987 5,425 562 5,103 4,642 461 884 783 101 710 632 78 1993 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,847 5,352 495 4,979 4,581 398 868 771 97 677 608 69

Rate

2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1 3.9 0.3 2.2 4.1 0.3 1.7 3.3 0.3 1.9 3.7 0.4 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 4.2 0.4 2.3 4.4 0.4 1.7 3.2 0.3 1.9 3.7 0.3 2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 4.1 0.4 2.3 4.2 0.4 1.8 3.4 0.4 2.0 3.8 0.4 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 4.2 0.4 2.3 4.4 0.4 1.7 3.1 0.4 1.9 3.6 0.4 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 4.1 0.4 2.3 4.2 0.4 1.8 3.5 0.3 2.1 4.0 0.3 2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 4.4 0.4 2.4 4.6 0.4 1.8 3.5 0.4 2.0 3.9 0.4 20012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 6.6 1.0 3.8 6.9 0.9 3.1 5.3 1.2 3.1 5.4 1.2 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5 4.6 0.4 2.5 4.8 0.4 2.0 3.7 0.4 2.2 4.3 0.4 1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6 4.9 0.4 2.6 4.9 0.5 2.3 4.4 0.4 2.5 4.9 0.4 1998 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6 4.8 0.5 2.7 5.0 0.5 2.0 3.9 0.4 2.3 4.5 0.4 1997 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7 5.0 0.5 2.7 5.0 0.5 2.5 4.8 0.5 2.7 5.3 0.4 1996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7 5.2 0.5 2.8 5.3 0.4 2.4 4.6 0.5 2.6 5.1 0.5 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.8 5.3 0.5 2.9 5.4 0.5 2.6 5.0 0.5 2.8 5.5 0.5 1994 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 5.5 0.5 3.0 5.5 0.5 2.7 5.1 0.6 3.0 5.7 0.6 1993 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 5.5 0.5 2.9 5.5 0.5 2.7 5.2 0.6 2.9 5.6 0.5

Age-adjusted rate3

2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1 3.9 0.3 2.1 4.0 0.3 1.7 3.3 0.3 2.0 3.8 0.4 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 4.2 0.3 2.3 4.3 0.3 1.7 3.3 0.3 2.0 3.8 0.4 2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1 4.1 0.4 2.3 4.2 0.4 1.8 3.5 0.4 2.0 4.0 0.4 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 4.2 0.4 2.3 4.4 0.3 1.7 3.3 0.4 2.0 3.8 0.4 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 4.1 0.3 2.2 4.2 0.3 1.9 3.7 0.4 2.1 4.3 0.3 2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 4.4 0.4 2.4 4.5 0.4 1.9 3.7 0.4 2.1 4.1 0.4 20012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 6.6 1.0 3.8 6.8 0.9 3.1 5.3 1.1 3.1 5.5 1.1 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5 4.6 0.4 2.5 4.8 0.4 2.1 3.9 0.4 2.3 4.6 0.4 1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6 4.9 0.4 2.6 4.9 0.4 2.3 4.5 0.4 2.6 5.1 0.4 1998 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6 4.8 0.5 2.7 5.0 0.5 2.1 4.1 0.4 2.3 4.7 0.4 1997 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7 5.0 0.5 2.7 5.0 0.5 2.6 5.0 0.5 2.8 5.5 0.4 1996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.8 5.2 0.5 2.8 5.3 0.4 2.5 4.8 0.5 2.6 5.3 0.5 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.8 5.3 0.5 2.9 5.4 0.5 2.7 5.3 0.5 3.0 6.0 0.5 1994 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 5.5 0.5 3.0 5.6 0.5 2.8 5.4 0.6 3.1 6.0 0.6 1993 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 5.5 0.5 2.9 5.5 0.5 2.8 5.4 0.6 3.0 6.0 0.5

1Multiple-race data were reported by 27 states and the District of Columbia in 2007, by 25 states and the District of Columbia in 2006, by 21 states and the District of Columbia in 2005, by 15 states in 2004, and by 7 states in 2003; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ The multiple-race data for these reporting areas were bridged to the single-race categories of the 1977 OMB standards for comparability with other reporting areas; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ 2Figures include September 11, 2001, terrorism-related deaths for which death certificates were filed as of October 24, 2002; see ‘‘Technical Notes’’ from National Vital Statistics Reports, ‘‘Deaths: Final data for 2001,’’ Volume 52, Number 3. 3For method of computation, see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’

National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 19, May 20, 2010 101

Table 29. Number of deaths, death rates, and age-adjusted death rates for major causes of death: United States, each state, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and Northern Marianas, 2007 [Rates per 100,000 population; age-adjusted rates are per 100,000 U.S. standard population; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ Populations used for computing death rates are postcensal estimates based on the 2000 census estimated as of July 1, 2007; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ Numbers after causes of death are categories of the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD–10). The asterisks (*) preceding the cause-of-death codes indicate that they are not part of ICD–10; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ For explanation of asterisks preceding cause-of-death codes, see ‘‘Technical Notes’’]

Human immunodeficiency virus Malignant neoplasms Diabetes mellitus All causes (HIV) disease (B20–B24) (C00–C97) (E10–E14)

Age- Age- Age- Age-

Area Number Rate adjusted

rate1 Number Rate adjusted

rate1

United States2 . . . . . . . . . . . 2,423,712 803.6 760.2 11,295 3.7 3.7 562,875 186.6 178.4 71,382 23.7 22.5 Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46,696 1,009.0 930.7 183 4.0 4.0 10,025 216.6 197.3 1,313 28.4 26.0 Alaska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,463 506.7 755.1 7 * * 839 122.8 179.9 105 15.4 23.4 Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45,554 718.7 682.1 109 1.7 1.8 10,134 159.9 152.8 1,159 18.3 17.4 Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,191 994.5 882.8 91 3.2 3.2 6,388 225.3 200.4 838 29.6 26.5 California . . . . . . . . . . . . 233,720 639.4 674.2 1,101 3.0 3.0 55,011 150.5 161.7 7,413 20.3 21.8 Colorado. . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,993 616.9 700.8 82 1.7 1.6 6,617 136.1 153.7 710 14.6 16.7 Connecticut . . . . . . . . . . . 28,651 818.1 694.1 140 4.0 3.6 6,827 194.9 170.7 646 18.4 15.8 Delaware . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,327 847.3 773.6 55 6.4 6.2 1,853 214.3 193.9 223 25.8 23.4 District of Columbia . . . . . . 5,188 881.9 866.9 194 33.0 32.8 1,169 198.7 199.1 152 25.8 25.2 Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168,096 921.0 685.9 1,530 8.4 8.3 40,088 219.6 166.6 5,110 28.0 21.1 Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68,331 715.9 839.8 689 7.2 7.1 14,983 157.0 181.8 1,604 16.8 19.5 Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,495 739.8 607.4 21 1.6 1.6 2,214 172.5 146.2 291 22.7 18.5 Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,822 721.8 734.6 6 * * 2,405 160.4 165.6 331 22.1 22.7 Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100,503 782.0 759.8 303 2.4 2.3 24,115 187.6 185.9 2,851 22.2 21.8 Indiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54,000 851.0 809.9 97 1.5 1.5 12,778 201.4 193.2 1,564 24.6 23.4 Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,221 911.0 718.6 18 * * 6,376 213.4 177.7 767 25.7 20.5 Kansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24,491 882.2 783.0 22 0.8 0.8 5,406 194.7 180.0 702 25.3 22.8 Kentucky. . . . . . . . . . . . . 40,090 945.2 896.9 55 1.3 1.3 9,692 228.5 213.5 1,091 25.7 24.1 Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . 39,966 930.9 926.4 344 8.0 8.3 8,736 203.5 200.3 1,437 33.5 33.3 Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,493 948.4 773.6 13 * * 3,112 236.3 191.9 355 27.0 21.9 Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . 43,757 778.8 782.7 436 7.8 7.4 10,179 181.2 180.7 1,301 23.2 23.4 Massachusetts . . . . . . . . . 52,917 820.4 707.5 143 2.2 2.0 13,003 201.6 179.8 1,222 18.9 16.6 Michigan . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86,721 861.0 806.1 187 1.9 1.8 20,087 199.4 187.3 2,826 28.1 26.3 Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . . 37,138 714.5 661.5 49 0.9 0.9 9,176 176.5 169.7 1,084 20.9 19.6 Mississippi. . . . . . . . . . . . 28,255 968.0 943.0 163 5.6 5.9 6,002 205.6 200.4 654 22.4 21.8 Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54,166 921.4 826.7 128 2.2 2.2 12,380 210.6 191.6 1,444 24.6 22.3 Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,624 900.3 772.7 5 * * 1,921 200.6 172.1 258 26.9 23.1 Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,263 860.1 743.7 28 1.6 1.7 3,479 196.0 177.3 472 26.6 23.3 Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,687 728.4 803.5 80 3.1 3.1 4,331 168.8 180.2 312 12.2 12.9 New Hampshire . . . . . . . . 10,303 783.0 727.0 10 * * 2,609 198.3 184.5 280 21.3 20.1 New Jersey . . . . . . . . . . . 69,662 802.0 724.2 495 5.7 5.3 17,096 196.8 180.4 2,329 26.8 24.4 New Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . 15,482 785.9 755.9 35 1.8 1.9 3,238 164.4 157.3 673 34.2 32.7 New York . . . . . . . . . . . . 147,680 765.3 686.4 1,342 7.0 6.6 35,485 183.9 168.0 3,715 19.3 17.5 North Carolina . . . . . . . . . 76,046 839.3 834.4 384 4.2 4.1 17,478 192.9 189.0 2,156 23.8 23.4 North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . 5,561 869.3 679.5 3 * * 1,264 197.6 165.3 226 35.3 28.3 Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106,534 929.1 830.8 207 1.8 1.8 25,230 220.0 197.9 3,722 32.5 29.1 Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . 36,032 996.1 920.4 91 2.5 2.7 7,727 213.6 198.2 1,148 31.7 29.3 Oregon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,403 838.0 753.9 54 1.4 1.4 7,393 197.3 179.3 1,113 29.7 27.0 Pennsylvania . . . . . . . . . . 125,104 1,006.2 790.1 378 3.0 2.9 29,014 233.4 188.2 3,442 27.7 22.0 Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . 9,723 919.1 750.0 24 2.3 2.2 2,213 209.2 179.6 248 23.4 19.2 South Carolina . . . . . . . . . 39,439 894.8 849.7 315 7.1 7.1 8,867 201.2 186.7 1,231 27.9 26.2 South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . 6,826 857.3 693.5 5 * * 1,612 202.5 171.3 247 31.0 25.6 Tennessee. . . . . . . . . . . . 57,087 927.2 885.2 252 4.1 4.1 13,161 213.8 200.3 1,700 27.6 26.2 Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160,548 671.6 777.7 988 4.1 4.3 35,074 146.7 170.3 5,109 21.4 24.9 Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,143 534.6 694.2 23 0.9 1.0 2,572 97.2 128.8 548 20.7 27.6 Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,179 833.6 729.3 2 * * 1,346 216.7 188.5 170 27.4 24.4 Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58,225 755.0 770.6 230 3.0 2.8 14,009 181.6 182.7 1,507 19.5 19.7 Washington . . . . . . . . . . . 47,323 731.6 722.2 107 1.7 1.6 11,568 178.8 177.7 1,508 23.3 23.2 West Virginia . . . . . . . . . . 21,086 1,163.7 951.7 22 1.2 1.2 4,690 258.8 207.6 800 44.1 35.5 Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . 46,241 825.5 732.3 49 0.9 0.9 10,963 195.7 177.9 1,136 20.3 18.3 Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,266 815.9 802.0 - * * 940 179.8 174.4 139 26.6 26.2

Puerto Rico3 . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,169 739.9 726.7 385 9.8 10.3 4,975 126.2 121.3 2,724 69.1 66.5 Virgin Islands3 . . . . . . . . . . . 703 640.1 700.2 8 * * 116 105.6 109.2 45 41.0 45.4 Guam3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 778 448.5 694.9 4 * * 129 74.4 122.3 43 24.8 44.0 American Samoa3 . . . . . . . . . 250 390.5 1,054.4 - * * 29 45.3 150.1 33 51.5 126.1 Northern Marianas3 . . . . . . . . 137 162.0 913.0 - * * 30 35.5 239.5 9 * *

See footnotes at end of table.

102 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 19, May 20, 2010

Table 29. Number of deaths, death rates, and age-adjusted death rates for major causes of death: United States, each state, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and Northern Marianas, 2007—Con. [Rates per 100,000 population; age-adjusted rates are per 100,000 U.S. standard population; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ Populations used for computing death rates are postcensal estimates based on the 2000 census estimated as of July 1, 2007; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ Numbers after causes of death are categories of the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD–10). The asterisks (*) preceding the cause-of-death codes indicate that they are not part of ICD–10; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ For explanation of asterisks preceding cause-of-death codes, see ‘‘Technical Notes’’]

Essential hypertension Diseases of heart and hypertensive renal

Parkinson’s disease (G20–G21) Alzheimer’s disease (G30) (I00–I09,I11,I13,I20–I51) disease (I10,I12,I15)

Age- Age- Age- Age- adjusted adjusted adjusted adjusted

Area Number Rate rate1 Number Rate rate1 Number Rate rate1 Number Rate rate1

United States2 . . . . . . . . . . . 20,058 6.7 6.4 74,632 24.7 22.7 616,067 204.3 190.9 23,965 7.9 7.4 Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321 6.9 6.4 1,517 32.8 30.1 11,926 257.7 235.5 475 10.3 9.5 Alaska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 * * 65 9.5 20.8 613 89.7 147.9 15 * * Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . 458 7.2 6.8 2,051 32.4 29.6 10,302 162.5 152.5 397 6.3 5.9 Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 6.0 5.3 824 29.1 24.6 7,214 254.5 221.8 257 9.1 7.9 California . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,992 5.4 6.0 8,497 23.2 24.3 61,690 168.8 177.9 3,193 8.7 9.2 Colorado. . . . . . . . . . . . . 287 5.9 7.3 1,109 22.8 27.8 6,106 125.6 145.3 217 4.5 5.3 Connecticut . . . . . . . . . . . 267 7.6 6.4 764 21.8 16.9 7,289 208.1 171.0 300 8.6 7.0 Delaware . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 6.4 5.8 201 23.2 20.9 1,914 221.3 200.2 46 5.3 4.8 District of Columbia . . . . . . 23 3.9 3.8 140 23.8 21.8 1,434 243.8 239.4 63 10.7 10.6 Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,573 8.6 5.8 4,644 25.4 16.2 42,254 231.5 162.4 1,716 9.4 6.6 Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412 4.3 5.7 1,849 19.4 25.3 16,184 169.6 203.0 934 9.8 11.5 Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 7.7 6.0 247 19.2 14.1 2,227 173.5 140.2 102 7.9 6.1 Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 7.3 7.6 416 27.7 28.2 2,433 162.3 164.1 71 4.7 4.8 Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 817 6.4 6.2 2,734 21.3 19.9 25,813 200.8 192.8 856 6.7 6.3 Indiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 460 7.2 7.0 1,663 26.2 24.2 13,682 215.6 203.0 517 8.1 7.6 Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291 9.7 7.5 1,202 40.2 27.9 6,880 230.3 174.8 253 8.5 6.2 Kansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 8.6 7.5 860 31.0 25.2 5,749 207.1 178.7 173 6.2 5.2 Kentucky. . . . . . . . . . . . . 255 6.0 5.8 1,198 28.2 27.1 9,916 233.8 220.9 294 6.9 6.6 Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . 288 6.7 7.0 1,324 30.8 31.3 9,947 231.7 230.0 395 9.2 9.1 Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 9.1 7.5 470 35.7 27.9 2,852 216.5 172.9 74 5.6 4.4 Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . 327 5.8 6.1 881 15.7 16.0 11,314 201.4 202.4 411 7.3 7.3 Massachusetts . . . . . . . . . 464 7.2 6.1 1,695 26.3 20.9 12,710 197.1 165.5 458 7.1 5.9 Michigan . . . . . . . . . . . . . 754 7.5 7.1 2,432 24.1 22.1 24,149 239.8 221.5 773 7.7 7.1 Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . . 433 8.3 7.8 1,179 22.7 19.6 7,477 143.9 129.8 407 7.8 7.0 Mississippi. . . . . . . . . . . . 144 4.9 5.0 797 27.3 26.5 8,037 275.4 266.5 438 15.0 14.5 Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418 7.1 6.4 1,681 28.6 24.3 14,338 243.9 214.4 404 6.9 6.0 Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 8.5 7.3 260 27.1 22.1 1,870 195.2 163.1 74 7.7 6.3 Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 9.2 7.8 512 28.9 22.9 3,520 198.4 165.3 186 10.5 8.4 Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 3.8 4.6 248 9.7 12.3 4,591 179.0 200.0 129 5.0 5.9 New Hampshire . . . . . . . . 86 6.5 6.3 418 31.8 28.9 2,511 190.8 174.9 69 5.2 4.8 New Jersey . . . . . . . . . . . 601 6.9 6.2 1,823 21.0 18.0 18,831 216.8 191.9 595 6.9 6.0 New Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . 163 8.3 8.1 322 16.3 15.5 3,305 167.8 159.2 99 5.0 4.8 New York . . . . . . . . . . . . 878 4.5 4.1 1,999 10.4 8.8 49,528 256.7 225.1 1,645 8.5 7.5 North Carolina . . . . . . . . . 542 6.0 6.2 2,460 27.1 27.7 17,395 192.0 191.0 680 7.5 7.5 North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . 58 9.1 6.9 395 61.7 40.4 1,414 221.0 164.1 72 11.3 8.0 Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 870 7.6 6.8 3,671 32.0 27.4 26,757 233.3 204.8 1,211 10.6 9.2 Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . 294 8.1 7.6 927 25.6 23.0 9,602 265.4 241.6 245 6.8 6.1 Oregon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328 8.8 8.0 1,200 32.0 27.6 6,655 177.6 156.9 356 9.5 8.3 Pennsylvania . . . . . . . . . . 1,162 9.3 7.0 3,505 28.2 19.8 32,862 264.3 199.4 996 8.0 6.0 Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . 96 9.1 7.5 328 31.0 22.2 2,751 260.1 203.6 59 5.6 4.4 South Carolina . . . . . . . . . 276 6.3 6.1 1,396 31.7 30.9 8,992 204.0 192.9 406 9.2 8.7 South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . 61 7.7 6.0 346 43.5 30.2 1,633 205.1 159.1 69 8.7 6.4 Tennessee. . . . . . . . . . . . 387 6.3 6.2 2,276 37.0 35.9 14,280 231.9 220.6 528 8.6 8.2 Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,293 5.4 6.8 4,814 20.1 24.7 38,912 162.8 191.9 1,515 6.3 7.5 Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 6.0 8.4 393 14.9 20.5 2,980 112.7 152.1 138 5.2 7.1 Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 8.9 7.9 205 33.0 28.4 1,166 187.7 161.2 40 6.4 5.7 Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473 6.1 6.6 1,703 22.1 23.4 13,750 178.3 182.7 484 6.3 6.4 Washington . . . . . . . . . . . 503 7.8 8.0 2,689 41.6 40.7 11,037 170.6 167.3 473 7.3 7.2 West Virginia . . . . . . . . . . 133 7.3 5.9 534 29.5 23.1 5,208 287.4 229.4 226 12.5 9.7 Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . 470 8.4 7.4 1,658 29.6 24.3 11,110 198.3 171.9 400 7.1 6.0 Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 6.7 6.8 110 21.0 21.0 957 183.0 178.3 31 5.9 5.7

Puerto Rico3 . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 3.4 3.4 1,574 39.9 40.7 5,585 141.7 138.4 455 11.5 11.4 Virgin Islands3 . . . . . . . . . . . Guam3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2 8

* *

14 3

* *

222 234

202.1 134.9

234.7 228.4

9 4

* *

American Samoa3 . . . . . . . . . - * * - * * 52 81.2 278.0 11 * * Northern Marianas3 . . . . . . . . 1 * * - * * 26 30.8 167.0 1 * *

See footnotes at end of table.

National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 19, May 20, 2010 103

Table 29. Number of deaths, death rates, and age-adjusted death rates for major causes of death: United States, each state, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and Northern Marianas, 2007—Con. [Rates per 100,000 population; age-adjusted rates are per 100,000 U.S. standard population; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ Populations used for computing death rates are postcensal estimates based on the 2000 census estimated as of July 1, 2007; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ Numbers after causes of death are categories of the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD–10). The asterisks (*) preceding the cause-of-death codes indicate that they are not part of ICD–10; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ For explanation of asterisks preceding cause-of-death codes, see ‘‘Technical Notes’’]

Cerebrovascular diseases (I60–I69)

Influenza and pneumonia (J09–J18)4

Chronic lower respiratory diseases (J40–J47)

Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis (K70,K73–K74)

Age- Age- Age- Age-

Area Number Rate adjusted

rate1 Number Rate adjusted

rate1

United States2 . . . . . . . . . . . 135,952 45.1 42.2 52,717 17.5 16.2 127,924 42.4 40.8 29,165 9.7 9.1 Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,747 59.4 54.5 898 19.4 17.8 2,530 54.7 50.2 505 10.9 9.9 Alaska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 23.0 44.3 48 7.0 12.9 175 25.6 44.4 70 10.2 11.4 Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,207 34.8 32.7 905 14.3 13.5 2,686 42.4 40.2 752 11.9 11.7 Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,873 66.1 57.4 734 25.9 22.3 1,656 58.4 51.7 271 9.6 8.6 California . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,557 39.8 42.2 6,546 17.9 18.9 12,532 34.3 37.4 4,065 11.1 11.3 Colorado. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,600 32.9 39.0 592 12.2 14.3 2,002 41.2 49.1 542 11.1 11.0 Connecticut . . . . . . . . . . . 1,463 41.8 34.2 776 22.2 17.6 1,353 38.6 33.1 288 8.2 7.3 Delaware . . . . . . . . . . . . 374 43.2 39.4 117 13.5 12.2 379 43.8 40.1 70 8.1 7.5 District of Columbia . . . . . . 220 37.4 36.9 82 13.9 13.2 129 21.9 22.4 45 7.6 7.5 Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,781 48.1 33.6 2,246 12.3 8.6 9,357 51.3 36.7 2,260 12.4 10.4 Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,894 40.8 49.7 1,407 14.7 18.3 3,384 35.5 43.8 686 7.2 7.6 Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 643 50.1 39.6 199 15.5 11.6 299 23.3 19.3 112 8.7 7.7 Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 640 42.7 43.2 228 15.2 15.1 666 44.4 46.6 156 10.4 10.2 Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,864 45.6 43.9 2,550 19.8 18.8 4,742 36.9 36.7 1,035 8.1 7.9 Indiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,083 48.6 45.7 1,098 17.3 16.1 3,227 50.9 49.2 489 7.7 7.3 Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,686 56.4 42.1 749 25.1 18.0 1,660 55.6 44.7 239 8.0 7.2 Kansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,498 54.0 46.0 665 24.0 19.9 1,476 53.2 48.8 230 8.3 7.8 Kentucky. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,144 50.5 48.1 897 21.1 20.1 2,629 62.0 59.0 390 9.2 8.5 Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,147 50.0 50.1 870 20.3 20.3 1,685 39.2 39.7 357 8.3 8.0 Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 664 50.4 40.3 236 17.9 14.1 728 55.3 44.8 156 11.8 9.6 Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,364 42.1 42.7 994 17.7 17.9 1,901 33.8 35.1 447 8.0 7.4 Massachusetts . . . . . . . . . 2,832 43.9 36.5 1,538 23.8 19.5 2,332 36.2 31.6 609 9.4 8.4 Michigan . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,798 47.6 44.3 1,637 16.3 15.0 4,624 45.9 43.6 1,008 10.0 9.1 Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,193 42.2 38.1 603 11.6 10.2 1,758 33.8 32.8 379 7.3 6.9 Mississippi. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,589 54.4 53.0 554 19.0 18.3 1,408 48.2 47.5 263 9.0 8.8 Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,229 54.9 48.2 1,289 21.9 18.9 3,081 52.4 47.4 433 7.4 6.7 Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443 46.2 38.5 183 19.1 15.8 604 63.1 55.0 138 14.4 12.6 Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . 921 51.9 43.1 331 18.7 15.1 919 51.8 45.8 116 6.5 6.3 Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . 850 33.1 38.3 408 15.9 18.4 1,050 40.9 47.5 268 10.4 10.0 New Hampshire . . . . . . . . 489 37.2 34.3 207 15.7 14.5 611 46.4 44.0 116 8.8 7.8 New Jersey . . . . . . . . . . . 3,492 40.2 35.8 1,343 15.5 13.7 2,991 34.4 31.3 646 7.4 6.7 New Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . 804 40.8 39.2 298 15.1 14.6 884 44.9 43.6 372 18.9 18.4 New York . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,160 31.9 28.2 4,431 23.0 20.0 6,561 34.0 30.8 1,308 6.8 6.2 North Carolina . . . . . . . . . 4,530 50.0 50.3 1,645 18.2 18.4 4,231 46.7 47.1 888 9.8 9.2 North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . 330 51.6 37.3 133 20.8 14.6 265 41.4 32.9 43 6.7 6.3 Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,905 51.5 45.3 1,743 15.2 13.3 6,454 56.3 50.7 1,152 10.0 9.1 Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,126 58.8 53.8 801 22.1 20.1 2,386 66.0 61.2 505 14.0 13.2 Oregon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,835 49.0 43.6 477 12.7 11.1 1,892 50.5 46.3 466 12.4 11.1 Pennsylvania . . . . . . . . . . 7,152 57.5 42.9 2,555 20.6 15.2 6,077 48.9 38.1 1,084 8.7 7.4 Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . 457 43.2 33.5 224 21.2 16.1 421 39.8 32.7 119 11.2 9.9 South Carolina . . . . . . . . . 2,466 55.9 53.4 723 16.4 15.8 2,036 46.2 44.0 512 11.6 10.5 South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . 410 51.5 38.7 189 23.7 17.9 457 57.4 47.0 95 11.9 11.3 Tennessee. . . . . . . . . . . . 3,450 56.0 53.9 1,438 23.4 22.5 3,167 51.4 49.2 629 10.2 9.2 Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,796 41.0 49.0 3,230 13.5 16.1 8,107 33.9 41.2 2,535 10.6 11.4 Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 755 28.5 38.9 313 11.8 16.0 617 23.3 31.9 142 5.4 6.5 Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269 43.3 37.6 70 11.3 9.8 316 50.9 44.9 54 8.7 7.0 Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,313 43.0 44.5 1,231 16.0 16.6 2,770 35.9 37.7 613 7.9 7.5 Washington . . . . . . . . . . . 2,692 41.6 41.4 743 11.5 11.1 2,684 41.5 42.4 661 10.2 9.5 West Virginia . . . . . . . . . . 1,113 61.4 48.9 408 22.5 17.8 1,331 73.5 58.6 273 15.1 12.5 Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,738 48.9 42.3 1,022 18.2 15.5 2,399 42.8 38.7 487 8.7 7.9 Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 40.0 39.5 113 21.6 20.9 295 56.4 56.5 86 16.4 15.5

Puerto Rico3 . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,650 41.9 41.3 1,015 25.7 25.6 1,108 28.1 27.9 232 5.9 5.5 Virgin Islands3 . . . . . . . . . . . 40 36.4 36.8 14 * * 17 * * 13 * * Guam3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 31.7 50.1 14 * * 21 12.1 23.2 27 15.6 18.9 American Samoa3 . . . . . . . . . 22 34.4 94.2 6 * * 12 * * 1 * * Northern Marianas3 . . . . . . . . 8 * * 2 * * 5 * * 3 * *

See footnotes at end of table.

104 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 19, May 20, 2010

Table 29. Number of deaths, death rates, and age-adjusted death rates for major causes of death: United States, each state, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and Northern Marianas, 2007—Con. [Rates per 100,000 population; age-adjusted rates are per 100,000 U.S. standard population; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ Populations used for computing death rates are postcensal estimates based on the 2000 census estimated as of July 1, 2007; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ Numbers after causes of death are categories of the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD–10). The asterisks (*) preceding the cause-of-death codes indicate that they are not part of ICD–10; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ For explanation of asterisks preceding cause-of-death codes, see ‘‘Technical Notes’’]

Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome and nephrosis

(N00–N07,N17–N19,N25–N27) Accidents

(V01–X59,Y85–Y86) Motor-vehicle

accidents5 Intentional self-harm

(suicide) (*U03,X60–X84,Y87.0)

Age- Age- Age- Age- adjusted adjusted adjusted adjusted

Area Number Rate rate1 Number Rate rate1 Number Rate rate1 Number Rate rate1

United States2 . . . . . . . . . . . 46,448 15.4 14.5 123,706 41.0 40.0 43,945 14.6 14.4 34,598 11.5 11.3 Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,051 22.7 20.7 2,542 54.9 53.9 1,212 26.2 25.9 592 12.8 12.5 Alaska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 5.9 10.5 354 51.8 55.3 107 15.7 15.2 149 21.8 22.1 Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . 528 8.3 7.9 3,161 49.9 49.4 1,104 17.4 17.6 1,016 16.0 16.1 Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . 666 23.5 20.6 1,391 49.1 47.6 675 23.8 23.7 402 14.2 14.3 California . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,835 7.8 8.3 11,614 31.8 31.9 4,306 11.8 11.7 3,602 9.9 9.8 Colorado. . . . . . . . . . . . . 444 9.1 10.8 2,056 42.3 44.2 593 12.2 12.3 811 16.7 16.4 Connecticut . . . . . . . . . . . 566 16.2 13.4 1,343 38.3 35.8 309 8.8 8.7 271 7.7 7.4 Delaware . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 18.8 17.0 309 35.7 34.8 118 13.6 13.6 95 11.0 10.7 District of Columbia . . . . . . 67 11.4 11.2 193 32.8 32.4 54 9.2 8.9 36 6.1 5.8 Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,923 16.0 11.4 9,113 49.9 46.5 3,329 18.2 18.1 2,587 14.2 13.3 Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,689 17.7 21.5 4,012 42.0 44.2 1,745 18.3 18.5 997 10.4 10.7 Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 13.7 11.1 470 36.6 33.3 136 10.6 10.3 133 10.4 9.7 Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 8.9 9.1 641 42.8 43.1 273 18.2 18.5 223 14.9 15.1 Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,536 19.7 19.2 4,367 34.0 33.4 1,375 10.7 10.6 1,108 8.6 8.5 Indiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,293 20.4 19.3 2,499 39.4 38.7 942 14.8 14.8 790 12.5 12.4 Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272 9.1 6.8 1,252 41.9 37.3 459 15.4 15.0 322 10.8 10.6 Kansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 554 20.0 17.5 1,205 43.4 41.2 447 16.1 15.9 382 13.8 13.7 Kentucky. . . . . . . . . . . . . 994 23.4 22.4 2,372 55.9 55.1 853 20.1 20.0 649 15.3 15.1 Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,152 26.8 26.9 2,466 57.4 57.6 1,036 24.1 24.0 522 12.2 12.2 Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269 20.4 16.5 584 44.3 41.5 198 15.0 14.7 191 14.5 13.7 Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . 731 13.0 13.1 1,480 26.3 26.2 675 12.0 12.0 518 9.2 9.0 Massachusetts . . . . . . . . . 1,361 21.1 17.9 2,139 33.2 30.8 450 7.0 6.7 516 8.0 7.6 Michigan . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,610 16.0 14.9 3,764 37.4 36.1 1,229 12.2 12.0 1,131 11.2 11.0 Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . . 780 15.0 13.7 2,066 39.7 37.4 618 11.9 11.7 572 11.0 10.8 Mississippi. . . . . . . . . . . . 697 23.9 23.4 1,808 61.9 61.9 914 31.3 31.6 396 13.6 13.8 Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,184 20.1 17.8 2,975 50.6 48.4 1,054 17.9 17.6 808 13.7 13.5 Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 11.5 9.7 614 64.1 60.2 268 28.0 27.6 196 20.5 19.4 Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . 269 15.2 12.6 674 38.0 35.7 284 16.0 15.7 181 10.2 10.2 Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461 18.0 20.6 1,212 47.2 48.4 407 15.9 16.0 471 18.4 18.3 New Hampshire . . . . . . . . 149 11.3 10.7 527 40.1 38.5 138 10.5 10.3 158 12.0 11.1 New Jersey . . . . . . . . . . . 1,690 19.5 17.4 2,425 27.9 26.8 719 8.3 8.2 596 6.9 6.7 New Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . 252 12.8 12.3 1,329 67.5 66.7 379 19.2 19.2 401 20.4 20.4 New York . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,387 12.4 11.0 5,160 26.7 25.3 1,478 7.7 7.4 1,396 7.2 7.0 North Carolina . . . . . . . . . 1,723 19.0 19.0 4,389 48.4 48.3 1,818 20.1 20.0 1,077 11.9 11.7 North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . 56 8.8 6.2 279 43.6 39.3 115 18.0 17.5 95 14.9 14.4 Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,747 15.2 13.5 4,922 42.9 41.1 1,399 12.2 12.1 1,295 11.3 11.0 Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . 623 17.2 15.7 2,149 59.4 58.4 743 20.5 20.4 531 14.7 14.7 Oregon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 426 11.4 10.2 1,646 43.9 41.5 490 13.1 13.0 594 15.9 15.2 Pennsylvania . . . . . . . . . . 2,965 23.8 18.2 5,568 44.8 40.9 1,604 12.9 12.5 1,441 11.6 11.2 Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . 167 15.8 12.7 416 39.3 34.6 85 8.0 7.6 96 9.1 8.7 South Carolina . . . . . . . . . 806 18.3 17.3 2,364 53.6 53.0 1,062 24.1 24.2 530 12.0 11.7 South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . 77 9.7 7.4 366 46.0 41.8 149 18.7 18.3 102 12.8 12.5 Tennessee. . . . . . . . . . . . 831 13.5 13.0 3,257 52.9 52.1 1,303 21.2 21.0 844 13.7 13.3 Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,291 13.8 16.3 9,392 39.3 41.4 3,800 15.9 16.2 2,433 10.2 10.4 Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220 8.3 11.4 811 30.7 34.4 320 12.1 12.4 378 14.3 15.4 Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 8.7 7.5 303 48.8 44.7 71 11.4 10.9 89 14.3 13.8 Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,439 18.7 19.3 2,931 38.0 38.1 1,081 14.0 13.9 880 11.4 11.2 Washington . . . . . . . . . . . 440 6.8 6.7 2,637 40.8 39.8 649 10.0 9.9 865 13.4 13.0 West Virginia . . . . . . . . . . 480 26.5 21.1 1,241 68.5 65.9 429 23.7 23.6 300 16.6 15.9 Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,002 17.9 15.6 2,619 46.8 43.8 809 14.4 14.2 729 13.0 12.7 Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 13.0 13.1 299 57.2 57.0 134 25.6 25.3 101 19.3 19.7

Puerto Rico3 . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,026 26.0 25.2 1,190 30.2 29.9 443 11.2 11.0 271 6.9 6.9 Virgin Islands3 . . . . . . . . . . . Guam3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

9 25

* 14.4

* 21.7

32 41

29.1 23.6

30.7 26.2

11 26

* 15.0

* 16.0

11 28

* 16.1

* 16.0

American Samoa3 . . . . . . . . . 8 * * 12 * * 1 * * 1 * * Northern Marianas3 . . . . . . . . 8 * * 11 * * 3 * * 3 * *

See footnotes at end of table.

National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 19, May 20, 2010 105

Table 29. Number of deaths, death rates, and age-adjusted death rates for major causes of death: United States, each state, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and Northern Marianas, 2007—Con. [Rates per 100,000 population; age-adjusted rates are per 100,000 U.S. standard population; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ Populations used for computing death rates are postcensal estimates based on the 2000 census estimated as of July 1, 2007; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ Numbers after causes of death are categories of the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD–10). The asterisks (*) preceding the cause-of-death codes indicate that they are not part of ICD–10; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ For explanation of asterisks preceding cause-of-death codes, see ‘‘Technical Notes’’]

Assault (homicide) (*U01–*U02,X85–Y09,Y87.1) Alcohol-induced causes6 Drug-induced causes7 Injury by firearms8

Age- Age- Age- Age-

Area Number Rate adjusted

rate1 Number Rate adjusted

rate1

United States2 . . . . . . . . . . . 18,361 6.1 6.1 23,199 7.7 7.3 38,371 12.7 12.6 31,224 10.4 10.2 Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . 480 10.4 10.5 254 5.5 5.0 554 12.0 12.1 812 17.5 17.5 Alaska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 7.3 7.1 144 21.1 20.6 75 11.0 10.3 120 17.6 17.8 Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . 528 8.3 8.3 747 11.8 11.9 981 15.5 15.9 951 15.0 15.1 Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . 243 8.6 8.8 173 6.1 5.6 326 11.5 11.8 426 15.0 15.2 California . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,376 6.5 6.3 4,027 11.0 11.1 4,178 11.4 11.3 3,268 8.9 8.8 Colorado. . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 3.6 3.4 610 12.5 11.9 747 15.4 14.7 505 10.4 10.3 Connecticut . . . . . . . . . . . 106 3.0 3.1 214 6.1 5.5 444 12.7 12.6 149 4.3 4.2 Delaware . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 5.6 5.7 57 6.6 6.1 102 11.8 12.1 79 9.1 9.0 District of Columbia . . . . . . 159 27.0 23.8 60 10.2 9.6 90 15.3 15.1 144 24.5 21.7 Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,324 7.3 7.6 1,770 9.7 8.6 2,936 16.1 16.3 2,272 12.4 12.2 Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . 771 8.1 8.0 505 5.3 5.3 973 10.2 10.0 1,244 13.0 13.2 Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 1.9 1.8 82 6.4 5.8 142 11.1 10.8 36 2.8 2.6 Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 3.2 3.2 152 10.1 10.0 133 8.9 9.1 187 12.5 12.7 Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 863 6.7 6.6 630 4.9 4.7 1,239 9.6 9.6 1,032 8.0 7.9 Indiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 374 5.9 5.9 315 5.0 4.7 827 13.0 13.1 670 10.6 10.6 Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 1.7 1.8 212 7.1 6.5 211 7.1 7.1 157 5.3 5.0 Kansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 4.1 4.2 211 7.6 7.2 294 10.6 10.8 292 10.5 10.3 Kentucky. . . . . . . . . . . . . 213 5.0 5.0 283 6.7 6.2 722 17.0 16.9 612 14.4 14.2 Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . 627 14.6 14.6 202 4.7 4.5 862 20.1 20.5 869 20.2 20.2 Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 2.0 2.0 133 10.1 8.1 161 12.2 12.4 107 8.1 7.6 Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . 573 10.2 10.4 338 6.0 5.5 807 14.4 14.0 678 12.1 12.1 Massachusetts . . . . . . . . . 188 2.9 3.0 440 6.8 6.1 1,003 15.6 15.1 235 3.6 3.6 Michigan . . . . . . . . . . . . . 704 7.0 7.1 713 7.1 6.4 1,542 15.3 15.0 1,095 10.9 10.8 Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 2.3 2.3 333 6.4 6.0 359 6.9 6.7 344 6.6 6.5 Mississippi. . . . . . . . . . . . 286 9.8 10.0 160 5.5 5.4 334 11.4 11.7 535 18.3 18.5 Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384 6.5 6.6 324 5.5 5.2 730 12.4 12.4 759 12.9 12.8 Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 2.5 2.5 143 14.9 13.1 132 13.8 13.4 139 14.5 13.7 Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 4.0 4.1 103 5.8 5.7 92 5.2 5.4 142 8.0 7.9 Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188 7.3 7.4 253 9.9 9.4 515 20.1 19.8 414 16.1 16.3 New Hampshire . . . . . . . . 14 * * 120 9.1 8.0 187 14.2 13.8 78 5.9 5.5 New Jersey . . . . . . . . . . . 403 4.6 4.8 414 4.8 4.3 797 9.2 9.1 446 5.1 5.2 New Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . 160 8.1 8.2 404 20.5 20.1 471 23.9 24.1 295 15.0 15.0 New York . . . . . . . . . . . . 840 4.4 4.4 1,167 6.0 5.5 1,909 9.9 9.6 985 5.1 5.0 North Carolina . . . . . . . . . 674 7.4 7.5 676 7.5 7.0 1,125 12.4 12.3 1,116 12.3 12.3 North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . 14 * * 57 8.9 8.6 37 5.8 5.5 57 8.9 8.6 Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 639 5.6 5.7 780 6.8 6.2 1,691 14.7 14.7 1,105 9.6 9.6 Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . 251 6.9 6.9 412 11.4 11.0 687 19.0 19.5 482 13.3 13.2 Oregon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 2.2 2.1 543 14.5 13.0 564 15.1 14.5 387 10.3 9.8 Pennsylvania . . . . . . . . . . 750 6.0 6.3 548 4.4 3.9 1,812 14.6 14.5 1,325 10.7 10.6 Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . 24 2.3 2.2 93 8.8 7.9 142 13.4 13.0 37 3.5 3.4 South Carolina . . . . . . . . . 382 8.7 8.7 363 8.2 7.6 584 13.2 13.1 592 13.4 13.3 South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . 15 * * 81 10.2 9.8 34 4.3 4.3 52 6.5 6.1 Tennessee. . . . . . . . . . . . 475 7.7 7.8 481 7.8 7.1 1,035 16.8 16.6 924 15.0 14.8 Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,495 6.3 6.2 1,360 5.7 6.0 2,343 9.8 9.9 2,561 10.7 10.9 Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 2.6 2.4 144 5.4 6.4 546 20.6 22.4 253 9.6 10.4 Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 * * 63 10.1 8.1 68 10.9 11.1 52 8.4 8.1 Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420 5.4 5.4 445 5.8 5.3 713 9.2 9.1 825 10.7 10.5 Washington . . . . . . . . . . . 201 3.1 3.1 718 11.1 10.3 1,003 15.5 14.8 548 8.5 8.3 West Virginia . . . . . . . . . . 86 4.7 4.9 165 9.1 7.9 405 22.4 22.9 267 14.7 14.2 Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 3.6 3.6 489 8.7 7.9 639 11.4 11.3 488 8.7 8.6 Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 * * 88 16.8 15.6 68 13.0 13.3 76 14.5 15.0

See footnotes at end of table.

106 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 19, May 20, 2010

Table 29. Number of deaths, death rates, and age-adjusted death rates for major causes of death: United States, each state, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and Northern Marianas, 2007—Con. [Rates per 100,000 population; age-adjusted rates are per 100,000 U.S. standard population; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ Populations used for computing death rates are postcensal estimates based on the 2000 census estimated as of July 1, 2007; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ Numbers after causes of death are categories of the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD–10). The asterisks (*) preceding the cause-of-death codes indicate that they are not part of ICD–10; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ For explanation of asterisks preceding cause-of-death codes, see ‘‘Technical Notes’’]

Assault (homicide) (*U01–*U02,X85–Y09,Y87.1) Alcohol-induced causes6 Drug-induced causes7 Injury by firearms8

Area Number Rate

Age- adjusted

rate1 Number Rate

Age- adjusted

rate1 Number Rate

Age- adjusted

rate1 Number Rate

Age- adjusted

rate1

Puerto Rico3 . . . . . . . . . . . . Virgin Islands3 . . . . . . . . . . . Guam3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . American Samoa3 . . . . . . . . . Northern Marianas3 . . . . . . . .

720 43

5 - -

18.3 39.2

* * *

18.0 42.1

* * *

204 22

5 1 3

5.2 20.0

* * *

4.8 16.3

* * *

265 6 - - -

6.7 * * * *

7.0 * * * *

696 38 5 - 1

17.7 34.6

* * *

17.4 37.6

* * *

* Figure does not meet standards of reliability or precision; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ – Quantity zero. 1Death rates are affected by the population composition of the area. Age-adjusted death rates should be used for comparisons between areas; for method of computation, see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ 2Excludes data for Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and Northern Marianas. 3Age-adjusted death rates for Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and Northern Marianas are calculated using different age groups in the weighting procedure; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ 4New ICD–10 code J09 (Influenza due to identified avian influenza virus) was added to the category in 2007. No deaths occurred from this cause in 2007. 5ICD–10 codes for Motor vehicle accidents are V02–V04, V09.0, V09.2, V12–V14, V19.0–V19.2, V19.4–V19.6, V20–V79, V80.3–V80.5, V81.0–V81.1, V82.0–V82.1, V83–V86, V87.0–V87.8, V88.0–V88.8, V89.0, and V89.2; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ 6Causes of death attributable to alcohol-induced mortality include ICD–10 codes E24.4, F10, G31.2, G62.1, G72.1, I42.6, K29.2, K70, K85.2, K86.0, R78.0, X45, X65, and Y15; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ 7Causes of death attributable to drug-induced mortality include ICD–10 codes D52.1, D59.0, D59.2, D61.1, D64.2, E06.4, E16.0, E23.1, E24.2, E27.3, E66.1, F11.0–F11.5, F11.7–F11.9, F12.0–F12.5, F12.7–F12.9, F13.0–F13.5, F13.7–F13.9, F14.0–F14.5, F14.7–F14.9, F15.0–F15.5, F15.7–F15.9, F16.0–F16.5, F16.7–F16.9, F17.0, F17.3–F17.5, F17.7–F17.9, F18.0–F18.5, F18.7–F18.9, F19.0–F19.5, F19.7–F19.9, G21.1, G24.0, G25.1, G25.4, G25.6, G44.4, G62.0, G72.0, I95.2, J70.2–J70.4, K85.3, L10.5, L27.0–L27.1, M10.2, M32.0, M80.4, M81.4, M83.5, M87.1, R50.2, R78.1–R78.5, X40–X44, X60–X64, X85, and Y10–Y14; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ 8ICD–10 codes for Injury by firearms are *U01.4, W32–W34, X72–X74, X93–X95, Y22–Y24, and Y35.0; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’

National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 19, May 20, 2010 107

Table 30. Infant, neonatal, and postneonatal mortality rates, by race and sex: United States, 1940, 1950, 1960, 1970, and 1975–2007 [Rates are infant (under 1 year), neonatal (under 28 days), and postneonatal (28 days–11 months) deaths per 1,000 live births in specified group. Beginning in 1980, race for live births is tabulated according to race of mother; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ Race categories are consistent with the 1977 Office of Management and Budget (OMB) standards]

All other1

All races White1 Total1 Black1

Both Both Both Both Year sexes Male Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Female

Race of mother2 Infant mortality rate

2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.75 7.38 6.09 5.64 6.17 5.08 10.55 11.51 9.54 13.24 14.49 11.94 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.69 7.32 6.03 5.56 6.10 4.99 10.60 11.54 9.61 13.29 14.38 12.16 2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.87 7.56 6.15 5.73 6.32 5.11 10.92 11.98 9.82 13.73 15.15 12.27 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.79 7.47 6.09 5.66 6.22 5.07 10.92 12.01 9.77 13.79 15.19 12.33 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.85 7.60 6.07 5.72 6.36 5.05 11.09 12.24 9.90 14.01 15.53 12.43 2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.97 7.64 6.27 5.79 6.42 5.13 11.41 12.24 10.55 14.36 15.43 13.25 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.85 7.52 6.14 5.65 6.21 5.06 11.33 12.44 10.18 14.02 15.48 12.52 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.91 7.57 6.21 5.68 6.22 5.11 11.44 12.57 10.26 14.09 15.50 12.63 1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.06 7.72 6.36 5.77 6.35 5.15 11.94 12.94 10.90 14.56 15.92 13.16 1998 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.20 7.83 6.54 5.95 6.47 5.41 11.92 13.01 10.79 14.31 15.75 12.82 1997 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.23 7.95 6.47 6.03 6.67 5.36 11.76 12.83 10.65 14.16 15.47 12.82 1996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.32 8.02 6.59 6.07 6.67 5.44 12.18 13.31 11.01 14.68 16.04 13.27 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.59 8.33 6.81 6.29 6.99 5.55 12.61 13.53 11.65 15.12 16.34 13.86 1994 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.02 8.81 7.20 6.57 7.22 5.89 13.47 14.82 12.08 15.83 17.49 14.12 1993 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.37 9.25 7.43 6.82 7.56 6.05 14.07 15.58 12.52 16.52 18.33 14.67 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.52 9.39 7.61 6.92 7.69 6.12 14.44 15.72 13.10 16.85 18.38 15.26 1991 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.94 10.00 7.84 7.30 8.26 6.30 15.07 16.53 13.57 17.57 19.38 15.71 1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.22 10.26 8.13 7.56 8.51 6.56 15.52 16.96 14.03 17.96 19.62 16.25 1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.81 10.81 8.77 8.08 9.01 7.10 16.33 17.60 15.02 18.61 20.02 17.15 1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.95 10.99 8.86 8.36 9.35 7.31 16.08 17.33 14.79 18.54 20.04 16.99 1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.08 11.17 8.94 8.48 9.45 7.45 16.46 18.06 14.80 18.75 20.63 16.83 1986 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.35 11.55 9.10 8.80 9.87 7.67 16.72 18.45 14.91 18.90 20.91 16.81 1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.64 11.91 9.32 9.17 10.39 7.88 16.84 18.33 15.28 19.01 20.76 17.22 1984 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.79 11.90 9.62 9.30 10.38 8.17 17.05 18.37 15.69 19.15 20.67 17.58 1983 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.16 12.31 9.96 9.61 10.66 8.49 17.80 19.44 16.11 19.98 21.95 17.96 1982 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.52 12.77 10.21 9.94 11.08 8.73 18.31 20.07 16.49 20.48 22.45 18.44 1981 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.93 13.14 10.66 10.34 11.50 9.12 18.82 20.36 17.24 20.81 22.54 19.03 1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.60 13.93 11.21 10.86 12.12 9.52 20.19 21.89 18.43 22.19 24.16 20.15

Race of child3

1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.60 13.93 11.21 11.00 12.27 9.65 19.12 20.73 17.47 21.37 23.27 19.43 1979 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.07 14.50 11.56 11.42 12.82 9.94 19.81 21.47 18.09 21.78 23.66 19.85 1978 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.78 15.26 12.23 12.01 13.37 10.58 21.06 23.15 18.90 23.11 25.39 20.77 1977 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.12 15.75 12.40 12.34 13.90 10.68 21.68 23.71 19.58 23.64 25.91 21.30 1976 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.24 16.82 13.57 13.31 14.81 11.71 23.50 25.51 21.42 25.54 27.83 23.19 1975 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.07 17.86 14.18 14.17 15.94 12.30 24.23 26.24 22.17 26.21 28.32 24.03 1970 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.01 22.37 17.52 17.75 19.95 15.42 30.92 34.20 27.53 32.65 36.18 29.01 1960 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.04 29.33 22.59 22.91 26.01 19.64 43.21 47.88 38.46 44.32 49.12 39.43 1950 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.21 32.75 25.48 26.77 30.21 23.13 44.46 48.87 39.93 43.91 48.27 39.44 1940 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.02 52.45 41.29 43.23 48.32 37.84 73.78 82.21 65.19 72.94 81.07 64.61

Race of mother2 Neonatal mortality rate

2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.42 4.79 4.02 3.70 4.01 3.37 6.86 7.49 6.22 8.65 9.48 7.78 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.45 4.84 4.05 3.72 4.05 3.37 7.00 7.58 6.40 8.82 9.49 8.12 2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.54 4.93 4.12 3.79 4.10 3.46 7.18 7.88 6.47 9.07 9.96 8.14 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.52 4.94 4.09 3.78 4.14 3.41 7.19 7.82 6.54 9.13 9.95 8.27 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.62 5.08 4.14 3.87 4.26 3.46 7.40 8.14 6.64 9.40 10.40 8.37 2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.66 5.06 4.25 3.89 4.27 3.50 7.55 8.03 7.05 9.51 10.13 8.87 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.54 4.97 4.08 3.78 4.15 3.39 7.37 8.06 6.65 9.21 10.15 8.25 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.63 5.06 4.17 3.82 4.16 3.46 7.60 8.39 6.79 9.38 10.39 8.35 1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.73 5.11 4.33 3.88 4.19 3.56 7.94 8.60 7.25 9.77 10.72 8.79 1998 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.80 5.21 4.37 3.98 4.31 3.63 7.91 8.63 7.17 9.55 10.51 8.56 1997 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.77 5.20 4.32 3.99 4.37 3.59 7.74 8.36 7.09 9.40 10.12 8.65 1996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.77 5.18 4.34 3.97 4.31 3.62 7.86 8.59 7.12 9.56 10.45 8.65 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.91 5.36 4.44 4.08 4.50 3.64 8.13 8.71 7.53 9.85 10.63 9.05 1994 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.12 5.58 4.64 4.20 4.55 3.83 8.60 9.51 7.65 10.21 11.32 9.07 1993 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.29 5.75 4.81 4.29 4.64 3.92 9.02 9.90 8.11 10.69 11.76 9.59 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.37 5.84 4.89 4.35 4.72 3.96 9.19 10.02 8.32 10.83 11.83 9.79

See footnotes at end of table.

108 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 19, May 20, 2010

Table 30. Infant, neonatal, and postneonatal mortality rates, by race and sex: United States, 1940, 1950, 1960, 1970, and 1975–2007—Con. [Rates are infant (under 1 year), neonatal (under 28 days), and postneonatal (28 days–11 months) deaths per 1,000 live births in specified group. Beginning in 1980, race for live births is tabulated according to race of mother; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ Race categories are consistent with the 1977 Office of Management and Budget (OMB) standards]

All other1

All races White1 Total1 Black1

Both Both Both Both Year sexes Male Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Female

Race of mother2—Con. Neonatal mortality rate

1991 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.59 6.17 4.98 4.53 5.01 4.04 9.52 10.54 8.47 11.25 12.56 9.89 1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.85 6.50 5.16 4.79 5.38 4.17 9.86 10.79 8.89 11.55 12.69 10.38 1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.23 6.79 5.63 5.15 5.66 4.60 10.30 11.08 9.49 11.92 12.84 10.97 1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.32 6.95 5.65 5.27 5.84 4.67 10.33 11.22 9.42 12.05 13.14 10.93 1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.46 7.11 5.79 5.40 5.96 4.82 10.68 11.72 9.61 12.30 13.52 11.05 1986 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.71 7.42 5.97 5.72 6.34 5.05 10.79 11.83 9.70 12.31 13.59 10.98 1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.96 7.75 6.13 6.00 6.75 5.21 11.00 12.00 9.95 12.62 13.81 11.39 1984 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.00 7.66 6.31 6.09 6.72 5.41 10.87 11.66 10.06 12.32 13.22 11.40 1983 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.28 8.01 6.52 6.31 6.98 5.61 11.41 12.46 10.33 12.93 14.20 11.63 1982 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.70 8.48 6.88 6.69 7.39 5.94 12.04 13.15 10.88 13.62 14.86 12.34 1981 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.02 8.81 7.20 6.99 7.73 6.20 12.51 13.52 11.48 13.98 15.16 12.77 1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.48 9.31 7.60 7.39 8.19 6.54 13.21 14.27 12.13 14.62 15.91 13.29

Race of child3

1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.48 9.31 7.60 7.48 8.29 6.62 12.52 13.51 11.49 14.08 15.32 12.81 1979 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.87 9.79 7.89 7.88 8.80 6.92 12.89 13.91 11.83 14.31 15.45 13.14 1978 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.49 10.54 8.38 8.39 9.34 7.38 14.01 15.54 12.43 15.47 17.17 13.72 1977 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.88 11.00 8.70 8.75 9.83 7.60 14.66 16.02 13.27 16.08 17.60 14.52 1976 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.92 12.03 9.75 9.66 10.73 8.52 16.31 17.68 14.90 17.92 19.47 16.32 1975 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.58 12.91 10.18 10.38 11.70 8.98 16.78 18.21 15.31 18.32 19.78 16.81 1970 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.08 16.96 13.10 13.77 15.55 11.88 21.43 23.87 18.91 22.76 25.37 20.07 1960 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.73 21.24 16.09 17.24 19.66 14.70 26.86 30.04 23.62 27.83 31.13 24.49 1950 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.50 23.34 17.50 19.37 22.18 16.40 27.54 30.76 24.23 27.80 31.09 24.44 1940 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.75 32.56 24.74 27.20 30.85 23.33 39.71 44.87 34.45 39.90 44.78 34.89

Race of mother2 Postneonatal mortality rate

2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.34 2.58 2.07 1.94 2.16 1.71 3.68 4.02 3.32 4.59 5.01 4.16 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.24 2.48 1.98 1.84 2.05 1.62 3.60 3.96 3.22 4.47 4.89 4.04 2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.34 2.63 2.03 1.94 2.22 1.65 3.73 4.10 3.36 4.67 5.19 4.13 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.27 2.53 2.00 1.87 2.07 1.66 3.72 4.19 3.23 4.66 5.24 4.06 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.23 2.52 1.94 1.84 2.09 1.58 3.69 4.10 3.26 4.60 5.13 4.06 2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.31 2.58 2.03 1.89 2.15 1.63 3.86 4.21 3.50 4.85 5.30 4.38 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.31 2.55 2.06 1.87 2.06 1.67 3.96 4.37 3.53 4.81 5.32 4.27 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.28 2.51 2.04 1.86 2.06 1.66 3.83 4.18 3.47 4.70 5.11 4.28 1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.33 2.61 2.03 1.88 2.16 1.60 4.00 4.34 3.64 4.79 5.20 4.36 1998 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.40 2.62 2.16 1.97 2.16 1.78 4.01 4.38 3.62 4.76 5.24 4.26 1997 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.45 2.75 2.14 2.04 2.30 1.77 4.02 4.47 3.56 4.77 5.34 4.17 1996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.55 2.84 2.24 2.09 2.36 1.81 4.32 4.72 3.90 5.11 5.60 4.62 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.67 2.97 2.37 2.21 2.49 1.91 4.47 4.82 4.11 5.27 5.71 4.81 1994 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.90 3.22 2.56 2.37 2.67 2.06 4.88 5.32 4.42 5.61 6.17 5.04 1993 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.07 3.50 2.62 2.54 2.92 2.13 5.06 5.68 4.42 5.83 6.57 5.08 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.14 3.55 2.72 2.58 2.97 2.16 5.25 5.69 4.78 6.02 6.54 5.47 1991 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.35 3.82 2.86 2.76 3.25 2.26 5.55 5.99 5.10 6.32 6.82 5.81 1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.38 3.76 2.97 2.78 3.14 2.39 5.66 6.16 5.13 6.41 6.93 5.87 1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.59 4.01 3.14 2.93 3.35 2.49 6.03 6.52 5.53 6.69 7.18 6.19 1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.64 4.04 3.21 3.09 3.51 2.65 5.75 6.11 5.37 6.49 6.90 6.07 1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.62 4.06 3.15 3.08 3.49 2.64 5.77 6.34 5.18 6.45 7.10 5.77 1986 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.64 4.13 3.13 3.08 3.53 2.62 5.93 6.62 5.21 6.59 7.33 5.83 1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.68 4.15 3.19 3.17 3.64 2.67 5.84 6.33 5.33 6.40 6.95 5.83 1984 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.79 4.23 3.31 3.22 3.65 2.76 6.18 6.71 5.63 6.83 7.46 6.18 1983 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.88 4.30 3.44 3.29 3.68 2.88 6.39 6.98 5.78 7.05 7.75 6.32 1982 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.82 4.29 3.33 3.25 3.68 2.79 6.28 6.92 5.61 6.86 7.59 6.10 1981 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.91 4.34 3.46 3.35 3.77 2.92 6.31 6.84 5.76 6.83 7.38 6.26 1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.13 4.62 3.61 3.47 3.93 2.98 6.97 7.62 6.30 7.57 8.25 6.87

See footnotes at end of table.

National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 19, May 20, 2010 109

All other1

All races White1 Total1 Black1

Both Both Both Both Year sexes Male Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Female

Race of child3

1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.13 4.62 3.61 3.52 3.98 3.02 6.61 7.22 5.97 7.29 7.95 6.62 1979 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.20 4.71 3.67 3.54 4.02 3.03 6.92 7.57 6.25 7.47 8.21 6.71 1978 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.30 4.72 3.85 3.63 4.03 3.20 7.05 7.60 6.48 7.64 8.22 7.05 1977 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.24 4.75 3.71 3.59 4.07 3.08 7.01 7.69 6.31 7.56 8.32 6.78 1976 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.32 4.79 3.83 3.65 4.08 3.19 7.19 7.83 6.52 7.63 8.36 6.88 1975 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.49 4.95 4.00 3.80 4.24 3.33 7.45 8.03 6.86 7.89 8.54 7.22 1970 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.93 5.41 4.42 3.98 4.40 3.54 9.49 10.33 8.62 9.89 10.81 8.94 1960 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.31 8.10 6.49 5.66 6.35 4.94 16.35 17.84 14.84 16.48 17.99 14.95 1950 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.71 9.41 7.98 7.40 8.04 6.73 16.92 18.11 15.70 16.10 17.18 15.00 1940 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.27 19.89 16.55 16.03 17.47 14.50 34.07 37.35 30.74 33.05 36.29 29.72

1Multiple-race data were reported for deaths by 27 states and the District of Columbia in 2007, by 25 states and the District of Columbia in 2006, by 21 states and the District of Columbia in 2005, by 15 states in 2004, and by 7 states in 2003; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ Multiple-race data were reported for births by 27 areas in 2007, by 23 areas in 2006, by 19 areas in 2005, by 15 areas in 2004, and by 6 areas in 2003; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ The multiple-race data for these reporting areas were bridged to the single-race categories of the 1977 OMB standards for comparability with other reporting areas; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ 2Infant deaths are based on race of child as stated on the death certificate; live births are based on race of mother as stated on the birth certificate; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ 3Infant deaths are based on race of child as stated on the death certificate; live births are based on race of parents as stated on the birth certificate; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’

110 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 19, May 20, 2010

Table 31. Number of infant deaths and infant mortality rates for 130 selected causes, by race: United States, 2007 [Rates are infant deaths (under 1 year) per 100,000 live births in specified group. Infant deaths are based on race of decedent; live births are based on race of mother. The asterisks (*) preceding the cause-of-death codes indicate that they are not part of the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD–10), Second Edition; see ‘‘Technical Notes’’]

Number Rate

All All Cause of death (based on ICD–10, 2004) races1 White2 Black2 races1 White2 Black2

All causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,138 18,807 8,944 675.1 563.7 1,323.7

Certain infectious and parasitic diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A00–B99) 482 293 170 11.2 8.8 25.2 Certain intestinal infectious diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A00–A08) 13 7 4 * * * Diarrhea and gastroenteritis of infectious origin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A09) – – – * * * Tuberculosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A16–A19) 2 1 1 * * * Tetanus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A33,A35) – – – * * * Diphtheria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A36) – – – * * * Whooping cough . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A37) 8 8 – * * * Meningococcal infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A39) 11 7 4 * * * Septicemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A40–A41) 283 158 116 6.6 4.7 17.2 Congenital syphilis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A50) 5 2 3 * * * Gonococcal infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A54) – – – * * * Viral diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A80–B34) 115 81 29 2.7 2.4 4.3

Acute poliomyelitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A80) – – – * * * Varicella (chickenpox) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (B01) – – – * * * Measles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (B05) – – – * * * Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (B20–B24) 5 2 1 * * * Mumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (B26) – – – * * * Other and unspecified viral diseases . . . (A81–B00,B02–B04,B06–B19,B25,B27–B34) 110 79 28 2.5 2.4 4.1

Candidiasis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (B37) 13 8 4 * * * Malaria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (B50–B54) – – – * * * Pneumocystosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (B59) 1 – 1 * * * All other and unspecified infectious and parasitic diseases . . . . (A20–A32,A38,A42–A49,

A51–A53,A55–A79,B35–B36,B38–B49,B55–B58,B60–B99) 31 21 8 0.7 0.6 * Neoplasms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C00–D48) 131 107 17 3.0 3.2 *

Malignant neoplasms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C00–C97) 72 60 9 1.7 1.8 * Hodgkin’s disease and non–Hodgkin’s lymphomas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C81–C85) 2 2 – * * * Leukemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C91–C95) 21 19 1 0.5 * * Other and unspecified malignant neoplasms . . . . . . . (C00–C80,C88,C90,C96–C97) 49 39 8 1.1 1.2 *

In situ neoplasms, benign neoplasms and neoplasms of uncertain or unknown behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (D00–D48) 59 47 8 1.4 1.4 *

Diseases of the blood and blood–forming organs and certain disorders involving the immune mechanism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (D50–D89) 116 78 24 2.7 2.3 3.6 Anemias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (D50–D64) 17 4 7 * * * Hemorrhagic conditions and other diseases of blood and

blood-forming organs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (D65–D76) 77 56 14 1.8 1.7 * Certain disorders involving the immune mechanism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (D80–D89) 22 18 3 0.5 * *

Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (E00–E88) 252 171 63 5.8 5.1 9.3 Short stature, not elsewhere classified . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (E34.3) 5 2 3 * * * Nutritional deficiencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (E40–E64) 7 4 3 * * * Cystic fibrosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (E84) 11 9 1 * * * Volume depletion, disorders of fluid, electrolyte and acid-base balance . . . . . (E86–E87) 60 30 27 1.4 0.9 4.0 All other endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases . . . . . . (E00–E32,E34.0–E34.2,

E34.4–E34.9,E65–E83,E85,E88) 169 126 29 3.9 3.8 4.3 Diseases of the nervous system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (G00–G98) 413 282 103 9.6 8.5 15.2

Meningitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (G00,G03) 82 51 23 1.9 1.5 3.4 Infantile spinal muscular atrophy, type I (Werdnig-Hoffman) . . . . . . . . . . . . . (G12.0) 13 12 1 * * * Infantile cerebral palsy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (G80) 11 8 2 * * * Anoxic brain damage, not elsewhere classified . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (G93.1) 64 30 31 1.5 0.9 4.6 Other diseases of nervous system . . . . . . . . . (G04,G06–G11,G12.1–G12.9,G20–G72,

G81–G92,G93.0,G93.2–G93.9,G95–G98) 243 181 46 5.6 5.4 6.8 Diseases of the ear and mastoid process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (H60–H93) 3 3 – * * * Diseases of the circulatory system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (I00–I99) 624 399 187 14.5 12.0 27.7

Pulmonary heart disease and diseases of pulmonary circulation . . . . . . . . . . (I26–I28) 100 61 30 2.3 1.8 4.4 Pericarditis, endocarditis and myocarditis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (I30,I33,I40) 21 10 10 0.5 * * Cardiomyopathy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (I42) 120 74 38 2.8 2.2 5.6 Cardiac arrest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (I46) 29 17 12 0.7 * * Cerebrovascular diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (I60–I69) 132 94 34 3.1 2.8 5.0 All other diseases of circulatory system . . . (I00–I25,I31,I34–I38,I44–I45,I47–I51,I70–I99) 222 143 63 5.1 4.3 9.3

Diseases of the respiratory system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (J00–J98,U04)3,4 640 382 221 14.8 11.4 32.7

See footnotes at end of table.

National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 19, May 20, 2010 111

Table 31. Number of infant deaths and infant mortality rates for 130 selected causes, by race: United States, 2007—Con. [Rates are infant deaths (under 1 year) per 100,000 live births in specified group. Infant deaths are based on race of decedent; live births are based on race of mother. The asterisks (*) preceding the cause-of-death codes indicate that they are not part of the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD–10), Second Edition; see ‘‘Technical Notes’’]

Number Rate

All All Cause of death (based on ICD–10, 2004) races1 White2 Black2 races1 White2 Black2

Acute upper respiratory infections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(J00–J06) Influenza and pneumonia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (J09–J18)3

14 222

8 132

5 75

* 5.1

* 4.0

* 11.1

Influenza . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (J09–J11)3 13 9 4 * * * Pneumonia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(J12–J18) 209 123 71 4.8 3.7 10.5

Acute bronchitis and acute bronchiolitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(J20–J21) 45 28 15 1.0 0.8 * Bronchitis, chronic and unspecified . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(J40–J42) 24 13 9 0.6 * * Asthma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(J45–J46) 4 2 2 * * * Pneumonitis due to solids and liquids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (J69) 10 7 3 * * * Other and unspecified diseases of respiratory system . . . . . . . . . . . . . (J22,J30–J39,

J43–J44,J47–J68,J70–J98,U04)4 321 192 112 7.4 5.8 16.6 Diseases of the digestive system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (K00–K92) 677 383 260 15.7 11.5 38.5

Gastritis, duodenitis, and noninfective enteritis and colitis . . . . . . . . . . (K29,K50–K55) 413 220 173 9.6 6.6 25.6 Hernia of abdominal cavity and intestinal obstruction without hernia . . . (K40–K46,K56) 68 48 17 1.6 1.4 * All other and unspecified diseases of digestive system . . .(K00–K28,K30–K38,K57–K92) 196 115 70 4.5 3.4 10.4

Diseases of the genitourinary system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (N00–N95) 169 105 61 3.9 3.1 9.0 Renal failure and other disorders of kidney . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (N17–N19,N25,N27) 138 89 46 3.2 2.7 6.8 Other and unspecified diseases of genitourinary system . . . . . . . (N00–N15,N20–N23,

N26,N28–N95) 31 16 15 0.7 * * Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (P00–P96) 14,466 8,801 5,013 335.2 263.8 741.9

Newborn affected by maternal factors and by complications of pregnancy, labor and delivery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (P00–P04) 3,274 2,036 1,099 75.9 61.0 162.7 Newborn affected by maternal hypertensive disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (P00.0) 89 53 33 2.1 1.6 4.9 Newborn affected by other maternal conditions which may be unrelated

to present pregnancy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (P00.1–P00.9) 91 59 26 2.1 1.8 3.8 Newborn affected by maternal complications of pregnancy . . . . . . . . . . . . . (P01) 1,769 1,067 624 41.0 32.0 92.4

Newborn affected by incompetent cervix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (P01.0) 488 266 192 11.3 8.0 28.4 Newborn affected by premature rupture of membranes . . . . . . . . . . . . . (P01.1) 851 507 311 19.7 15.2 46.0 Newborn affected by multiple pregnancy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (P01.5) 238 160 72 5.5 4.8 10.7 Newborn affected by other maternal complications of

pregnancy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (P01.2–P01.4,P01.6–P01.9) 192 134 49 4.4 4.0 7.3 Newborn affected by complications of placenta, cord and membranes . . . . . . . (P02) 1,135 735 358 26.3 22.0 53.0

Newborn affected by complications involving placenta . . . . . . . . . . (P02.0–P02.3) 579 411 149 13.4 12.3 22.1 Newborn affected by complications involving cord . . . . . . . . . . . . (P02.4–P02.6) 43 32 10 1.0 1.0 * Newborn affected by chorioamnionitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (P02.7) 511 290 199 11.8 8.7 29.5 Newborn affected by other and unspecified abnormalities of

membranes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (P02.8–P02.9) 2 2 – * * * Newborn affected by other complications of labor and delivery . . . . . . . . . . . (P03) 127 86 34 2.9 2.6 5.0 Newborn affected by noxious influences transmitted via placenta or

breast milk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (P04) 63 36 24 1.5 1.1 3.6 Disorders related to length of gestation and fetal malnutrition . . . . . . . . . (P05–P08) 4,961 2,783 1,960 114.9 83.4 290.1 Slow fetal growth and fetal malnutrition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (P05) 104 65 35 2.4 1.9 5.2

Disorders related to short gestation and low birth weight, not elsewhere classified . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (P07) 4,857 2,718 1,925 112.5 81.5 284.9

Extremely low birth weight or extreme immaturity . . . . . . . . . . . . (P07.0,P07.2) 3,706 2,061 1,484 85.9 61.8 219.6 Other low birth weight or preterm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (P07.1,P07.3) 1,151 657 441 26.7 19.7 65.3

Disorders related to long gestation and high birth weight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (P08) – – – * * * Birth trauma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (P10–P15) 12 8 2 * * * Intrauterine hypoxia and birth asphyxia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (P20–P21) 356 240 100 8.2 7.2 14.8

Intrauterine hypoxia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (P20) 106 63 34 2.5 1.9 5.0 Birth asphyxia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (P21) 250 177 66 5.8 5.3 9.8

Respiratory distress of newborn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (P22) 789 479 280 18.3 14.4 41.4 Other respiratory conditions originating in the perinatal period . . . . . . . . . . (P23–P28) 1,117 701 372 25.9 21.0 55.1

Congenital pneumonia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (P23) 103 67 30 2.4 2.0 4.4 Neonatal aspiration syndromes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (P24) 51 36 10 1.2 1.1 * Interstitial emphysema and related conditions originating in the perinatal

period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (P25) 124 83 37 2.9 2.5 5.5 Pulmonary hemorrhage originating in the perinatal period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (P26) 161 88 68 3.7 2.6 10.1 Chronic respiratory disease originating in the perinatal period . . . . . . . . . . . . (P27) 243 133 101 5.6 4.0 14.9 Atelectasis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (P28.0–P28.1) 366 256 100 8.5 7.7 14.8 All other respiratory conditions originating in the perinatal period . . . . . (P28.2–P28.9) 69 38 26 1.6 1.1 3.8

Infections specific to the perinatal period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (P35–P39) 1,057 661 344 24.5 19.8 50.9

See footnotes at end of table.

112 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 19, May 20, 2010

Number Rate

All All Cause of death (based on ICD–10, 2004) races1 White2 Black2 races1 White2 Black2

Bacterial sepsis of newborn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (P36) 820 516 264 19.0 15.5 39.1 Omphalitis of newborn with or without mild hemorrhage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (P38) 4 2 1 * * * All other infections specific to the perinatal period . . . . . . . . . . . . . (P35,P37,P39) 233 143 79 5.4 4.3 11.7

Hemorrhagic and hematological disorders of newborn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (P50–P61) 711 501 171 16.5 15.0 25.3 Neonatal hemorrhage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (P50–P52,P54) 597 422 148 13.8 12.6 21.9 Hemorrhagic disease of newborn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (P53) – – – * * * Hemolytic disease of newborn due to isoimmunization and other

perinatal jaundice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (P55–P59) 15 8 5 * * * Hematological disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (P60–P61) 99 71 18 2.3 2.1 *

Syndrome of infant of a diabetic mother and neonatal diabetes mellitus . . (P70.0–P70.2) 14 9 4 * * * Necrotizing enterocolitis of newborn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (P77) 554 310 218 12.8 9.3 32.3 Hydrops fetalis not due to hemolytic disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (P83.2) 177 141 23 4.1 4.2 3.4 Other perinatal conditions . . . . . . . (P29,P70.3–P70.9,P71–P76,P78–P81,P83.0–P83.1,

P83.3–P83.9,P90–P96) 1,444 932 440 33.5 27.9 65.1 Congenital malformations, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities . . . . . (Q00–Q99) 5,785 4,351 1,137 134.0 130.4 168.3

Anencephaly and similar malformations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Q00) 321 261 46 7.4 7.8 6.8 Congenital hydrocephalus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Q03) 93 64 21 2.2 1.9 3.1 Spina bifida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Q05) 19 12 5 * * * Other congenital malformations of nervous system . . . . . . . (Q01–Q02,Q04,Q06–Q07) 393 310 63 9.1 9.3 9.3 Congenital malformations of heart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Q20–Q24) 1,363 1,010 282 31.6 30.3 41.7 Other congenital malformations of circulatory system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Q25–Q28) 254 174 67 5.9 5.2 9.9 Congenital malformations of respiratory system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Q30–Q34) 410 304 85 9.5 9.1 12.6 Congenital malformations of digestive system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Q35–Q45) 132 93 31 3.1 2.8 4.6 Congenital malformations of genitourinary system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Q50–Q64) 514 395 105 11.9 11.8 15.5 Congenital malformations and deformations of musculoskeletal system, limbs

and integument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Q65–Q85) 623 465 128 14.4 13.9 18.9 Down’s syndrome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Q90) 82 56 20 1.9 1.7 3.0 Edward’s syndrome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(Q91.0–Q91.3) 525 408 90 12.2 12.2 13.3 Patau’s syndrome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(Q91.4–Q91.7) 295 219 58 6.8 6.6 8.6 Other congenital malformations and deformations . . . . . . . . . . . (Q10–Q18,Q86–Q89) 552 422 101 12.8 12.6 14.9 Other chromosomal abnormalities, not elsewhere classified . . . . . . . . . . . (Q92–Q99) 209 158 35 4.8 4.7 5.2

Symptoms, signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings, not elsewhere classified . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (R00–R99) 3,617 2,347 1,106 83.8 70.3 163.7 Sudden infant death syndrome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (R95) 2,453 1,612 738 56.8 48.3 109.2 Other symptoms, signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory

findings, not elsewhere classified . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (R00–R53,R55–R94,R96–R99) 1,164 735 368 27.0 22.0 54.5 All other diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (residual) 16 11 4 * * * External causes of mortality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (*U01,V01–Y84) 1,747 1,094 578 40.5 32.8 85.5

Accidents (unintentional injuries) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (V01–X59) 1,285 803 428 29.8 24.1 63.3 Transport accidents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (V01–V99) 127 93 28 2.9 2.8 4.1

Motor-vehicle accidents . . . . . . . . . (V02–V04,V09.0,V09.2,V12–V14,V19.0–V19.2, V19.4–V19.6,V20–V79,V80.3–V80.5,V81.0–V81.1,V82.0–V82.1,V83–V86,

V87.0–V87.8,V88.0–V88.8,V89.0,V89.2) 124 91 27 2.9 2.7 4.0 Other and unspecified transport accidents . . . . . (V01,V05–V06,V09.1,V09.3–V09.9,

V10–V11,V15–V18,V19.3,V19.8–V19.9,V80.0–V80.2,V80.6–V80.9, V81.2–V81.9,V82.2–V82.9,V87.9,V88.9,V89.1,V89.3,V89.9,V90–V99) 3 2 1 * * *

Falls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (W00–W19) 24 20 4 0.6 0.6 * Accidental discharge of firearms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (W32–W34) 1 – 1 * * * Accidental drowning and submersion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (W65–W74) 57 39 16 1.3 1.2 * Accidental suffocation and strangulation in bed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (W75) 669 389 252 15.5 11.7 37.3 Other accidental suffocation and strangulation . . . . . . . . . . . (W76–W77,W81–W84) 220 147 66 5.1 4.4 9.8 Accidental inhalation and ingestion of food or other objects causing

obstruction of respiratory tract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (W78–W80) 70 46 20 1.6 1.4 3.0 Accidents caused by exposure to smoke, fire and flames . . . . . . . . . . . (X00–X09) 38 23 15 0.9 0.7 * Accidental poisoning and exposure to noxious substances . . . . . . . . . . (X40–X49) 19 8 8 * * * Other and unspecified accidents . (W20–W31,W35–W64,W85–W99,X10–X39,X50–X59) 60 38 18 1.4 1.1 *

See footnotes at end of table.

National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 19, May 20, 2010 113

Number Rate

All All Cause of death (based on ICD–10, 2004) races1 White2 Black2 races1 White2 Black2

Assault (homicide) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (*U01,X85–Y09) 352 228 110 8.2 6.8 16.3 Assault (homicide) by hanging, strangulation and suffocation . . . . . . . . . . . . (X91) 30 24 4 0.7 0.7 * Assault (homicide) by discharge of firearms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (*U01.4,X93–X95) 15 10 5 * * * Neglect, abandonment and other maltreatment syndromes . . . . . . . . . . (Y06–Y07) 86 55 28 2.0 1.6 4.1 Assault (homicide) by other and unspecified means . . . . . . . . . . . (*U01.0–*U01.3,

*U01.5–*U01.9,X85–X90,X92,X96–X99,Y00–Y05,Y08–Y09) 221 139 73 5.1 4.2 10.8 Complications of medical and surgical care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Y40–Y84) 22 9 11 0.5 * * Other external causes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Y10–Y36) 88 54 29 2.0 1.6 4.3

* Figure does not meet standards of reliability or precision; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ – Quantity zero. 1Includes races other than white and black. 2Race categories are consistent with the 1977 Office of Management and Budget (OMB) standards. Multiple–race data were reported for deaths by 27 states and the District of Columbia and, for births, by 27 areas; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ The multiple-race data for these reporting areas were bridged to the single–race categories of the 1977 OMB standards for comparability with other reporting areas; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ 3New ICD–10 code J09 (Influenza due to identified avian influenza virus) was added to the category in 2007. 4New ICD–10 code U04 (Severe acute respiratory syndrome [SARS]) was added to the category in 2007.

114 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 19, May 20, 2010

Table 32. Number of infant and neonatal deaths and mortality rates, by race for the United States, each state, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and Northern Marianas, and by sex for the United States, 2007 [Rates are infant deaths (under 1 year) per 1,000 live births in specified group. Infant deaths are based on race of decedent; live births are based on race of mother. See ‘‘Technical Notes’’]

Infant deaths Neonatal deaths

All races1 White2 Black2 All races1 White2 Black2

Sex and area Number Rate Number Rate Number Rate Number Rate Number Rate Number Rate

United States3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,138 6.75 18,807 5.64 8,944 13.24 19,058 4.42 12,333 3.70 5,842 8.65 Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,293 7.38 10,540 6.17 4,975 14.49 10,587 4.79 6,845 4.01 3,256 9.48 Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,845 6.09 8,267 5.08 3,969 11.94 8,471 4.02 5,488 3.37 2,586 7.78

Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 641 9.89 350 7.98 284 14.35 406 6.27 215 4.90 188 9.50 Alaska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 6.51 36 5.20 3 * 35 3.17 21 3.03 2 * Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 711 6.90 581 6.57 65 14.96 488 4.74 406 4.59 44 10.13 Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317 7.66 209 6.47 107 13.17 179 4.33 109 3.38 70 8.61 California. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,944 5.20 2,223 4.89 421 12.35 2,009 3.55 1,518 3.34 272 7.98 Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 433 6.12 375 5.85 45 13.16 295 4.17 257 4.01 28 8.19 Connecticut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276 6.63 197 5.90 68 12.07 211 5.06 149 4.46 53 9.41 Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 7.48 51 6.12 39 11.84 65 5.34 36 4.32 29 8.80 District of Columbia . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 13.09 29 8.52 87 16.61 86 9.70 20 5.87 66 12.60 Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,685 7.05 950 5.52 709 12.21 1,058 4.42 607 3.53 434 7.47

Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,206 7.98 516 5.56 664 12.77 766 5.07 332 3.58 411 7.90 Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 6.48 34 6.11 8 * 81 4.23 20 3.59 8 * Idaho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 6.75 158 6.59 3 * 113 4.52 107 4.46 2 * Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,217 6.73 725 5.22 452 14.16 865 4.78 534 3.84 302 9.46 Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 681 7.58 513 6.61 166 15.99 430 4.79 321 4.13 108 10.40 Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 5.50 201 5.34 22 11.58 135 3.30 123 3.27 11 * Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333 7.93 260 7.03 62 18.98 210 5.00 166 4.49 38 11.63 Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397 6.69 316 6.01 72 12.69 241 4.06 196 3.73 43 7.58 Louisiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 608 9.17 238 6.14 365 14.08 355 5.35 135 3.49 217 8.37 Maine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 6.30 85 6.33 4 * 63 4.46 61 4.54 2 *

Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 625 8.00 219 4.79 371 13.63 453 5.80 162 3.54 263 9.67 Massachusetts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384 4.93 283 4.54 83 8.76 267 3.42 194 3.11 58 6.12 Michigan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 995 7.94 595 6.11 370 16.39 696 5.56 426 4.37 251 11.12 Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409 5.55 280 4.69 82 11.70 280 3.80 196 3.28 50 7.13 Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467 10.04 165 6.65 290 13.87 274 5.89 95 3.83 175 8.37 Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 613 7.48 393 5.89 210 16.48 409 4.99 252 3.77 149 11.69 Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 6.35 63 5.94 3 * 45 3.62 37 3.49 1 * Nebraska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182 6.76 144 6.12 28 14.04 131 4.86 103 4.38 21 10.53 Nevada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262 6.36 201 6.03 47 12.35 166 4.03 127 3.81 31 8.15 New Hampshire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 5.36 71 5.34 3 * 46 3.25 44 3.31 2 *

New Jersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 601 5.18 342 4.13 234 11.02 399 3.44 237 2.86 146 6.87 New Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192 6.27 153 5.99 8 * 119 3.89 99 3.88 6 * New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,412 5.57 861 4.95 482 8.82 937 3.70 569 3.27 325 5.95 North Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,112 8.49 600 6.35 467 15.14 747 5.70 400 4.24 317 10.28 North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 7.47 51 6.80 1 * 43 4.86 38 5.07 1 * Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,160 7.69 768 6.34 382 14.81 781 5.18 510 4.21 263 10.20 Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 469 8.52 307 7.25 90 18.03 263 4.78 176 4.16 54 10.82 Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284 5.75 254 5.70 12 * 195 3.95 175 3.93 8 * Pennsylvania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,139 7.56 721 6.12 394 15.07 751 4.98 485 4.12 247 9.45 Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 7.35 68 6.52 20 16.00 67 5.41 50 4.79 15 *

South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 539 8.57 242 6.03 291 13.69 356 5.66 158 3.93 194 9.13 South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 6.44 54 5.55 3 * 51 4.16 39 4.01 2 * Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 721 8.31 421 6.44 295 15.74 450 5.19 256 3.91 191 10.19 Texas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,564 6.29 1,934 5.68 573 11.51 1,572 3.86 1,167 3.43 367 7.37 Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280 5.08 259 4.98 4 * 187 3.39 174 3.35 3 * Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 5.07 30 4.76 1 * 20 3.07 17 * 1 * Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 848 7.79 444 5.80 375 15.41 583 5.35 288 3.76 274 11.26 Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429 4.82 313 4.33 50 10.28 254 2.85 190 2.63 27 5.55 West Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164 7.46 146 6.95 17 * 103 4.68 91 4.33 11 * Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 470 6.46 329 5.37 111 15.18 293 4.03 218 3.56 61 8.34 Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 7.35 49 6.65 1 * 29 3.67 27 3.66 - *

See footnotes at end of table.

National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 19, May 20, 2010 115

Table 32. Number of infant and neonatal deaths and mortality rates, by race for the United States, each state, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and Northern Marianas, and by sex for the United States, 2007—Con. [Rates are infant deaths (under 1 year) per 1,000 live births in specified group. Infant deaths are based on race of decedent; live births are based on race of mother. See ‘‘Technical Notes’’]

Infant deaths Neonatal deaths

All races1 White2 Black2 All races1 White2 Black2

Sex and area Number Rate Number Rate Number Rate Number Rate Number Rate Number Rate

Puerto Rico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394 8.45 378 9.06 16 * 278 5.96 271 6.49 7 * Virgin Islands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 * 2 * 10 * 9 * 2 * 7 * Guam. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 10.34 2 * - * 23 6.60 - * - * American Samoa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 * - * - * 7 * - * - * Northern Marianas . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 * - * - * 4 * - * - *

* Figure does not meet standards of reliability or precision; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ – Quantity zero. 1Includes races other than white and black. 2Race categories are consistent with the 1977 Office of Management and Budget (OMB) standards. Multiple-race data were reported for deaths by 27 states and the District of Columbia and, for births, by 27 areas; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ The multiple-race data for these reporting areas were bridged to the single-race categories of the 1977 OMB standards for comparability with other reporting areas; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ 3Excludes data for Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and Northern Marianas.

Table 33. Number of maternal deaths and maternal mortality rates for selected causes, by race: United States, 2007 [Maternal causes are those assigned to categories A34, O00–O95, and O98–O99 of the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD–10), Second Edition. An increasing number of states use a separate item regarding pregnancy status on the death certificate to help identify these deaths; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ Rates are per 100,000 live births in specified group; see ‘‘Technical Notes’’]

Number Rate

Cause of death (based on ICD–10, 2004) All

races White1

All other1

Total1 Black1 All

races White1

All other1

Total1 Black1

Maternal causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A34,O00–O95,O98–O99) 548 335 213 179 12.7 10.0 21.7 26.5

Pregnancy with abortive outcome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (O00–O07) 31 12 19 18 0.7 * * * Ectopic pregnancy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (O00) 14 3 11 11 * * * * Spontaneous abortion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (O03) 9 5 4 3 * * * * Medical abortion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (O04) – – – – * * * * Other abortion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (O05) 1 – 1 1 * * * * Other and unspecified pregnancy with abortive outcome . . . . . . . . . (O01–O02,O06–O07) 7 4 3 3 * * * * Other direct obstetric causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A34,O10–O92) 362 219 143 117 8.4 6.6 14.6 17.3 Eclampsia and pre-eclampsia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (O11,O13-O16) 64 42 22 19 1.5 1.3 2.2 * Hemorrhage of pregnancy and childbirth and placenta previa . . . (O20,O44–O46,O67,O72) 41 30 11 9 0.9 0.9 * * Complications predominately related to the puerperium . . . . . . . . . . . . (A34,O85–O92) 93 49 44 31 2.2 1.5 4.5 4.6 Obstetrical tetanus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A34) – – – – * * * * Obstetric embolism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (O88) 33 18 15 8 0.8 * * * Other complications predominately related to the puerperium . . . . . . (O85–O87,O89–O92) 60 31 29 23 1.4 0.9 3.0 3.4 All other direct obstetric causes . . . . . (O10,O12,O21–O43,O47–O66,O68–O71,O73–O75) 164 98 66 58 3.8 2.9 6.7 8.6 Obstetric death of unspecified cause . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (O95) 20 11 9 7 0.5 * * * Indirect obstetric causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (O98–O99) 135 93 42 37 3.1 2.8 4.3 5.5

Maternal causes more than 42 days after delivery or termination of pregnancy . (O96–O97) 221 130 91 72 5.1 3.9 9.3 10.7 Death from any obstetric cause occurring more than 42 days but

less than 1 year after delivery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (O96) 215 129 86 68 5.0 3.9 8.8 10.1 Death from sequelae of direct obstetric causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (O97) 6 1 5 4 * * * *

* Figure does not meet standards of reliability or precision; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ – Quantity zero. 1Race categories are consistent with the 1977 Office of Management and Budget (OMB) standards. Multiple-race data were reported for deaths by 27 states and the District of Columbia and, for births, by 27 areas; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ The multiple-race data for these reporting areas were bridged to the single-race categories of the 1977 OMB standards for comparability with other reporting areas; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’

Table 34. Number of maternal deaths and maternal mortality rates for selected causes, by Hispanic origin and race for non-Hispanic population: United States, 2007 [Maternal causes are those assigned to categories A34, O00–O95, and O98–O99 of the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD–10), Second Edition. An increasing number of states use a separate item regarding pregnancy status on the death certificate to help identify these deaths; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ Rates are per 100,000 live births in specified group; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ Race and Hispanic origin are reported separately on the death certificate. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. Data for Hispanic persons are not tabulated separately by race; data for non-Hispanic persons are tabulated by race. Data for Hispanic origin should be interpreted with caution because of inconsistencies between reporting Hispanic origin on death certificates and on censuses and surveys; see ‘‘Technical Notes’’]

Number Rate

All Non-Hispanic Non-Hispanic All Non-Hispanic Non-Hispanic Cause of death (based on ICD–10, 2004) origins1 Hispanic Non-Hispanic2 white3 black3 origins1 Hispanic Non-Hispanic2 white3 black3

Maternal causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A34,O00–O95,O98–O99) 548 95 453 242 178 12.7 8.9 14.1 10.5 28.4

Pregnancy with abortive outcome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (O00–O07) 31 5 26 8 17 0.7 * 0.8 * * Ectopic pregnancy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(O00) 14 1 13 2 11 * * * * * Spontaneous abortion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(O03) 9 2 7 3 3 * * * * * Medical abortion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(O04) – – – – – * * * * * Other abortion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(O05) 1 – 1 – 1 * * * * * Other and unspecified pregnancy with abortive outcome . . . . (O01–O02,O06–O07) 7 2 5 3 2 * * * * *

Other direct obstetric causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A34,O10–O92) 362 67 295 153 117 8.4 6.3 9.2 6.6 18.7 Eclampsia and pre–eclampsia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (O11,O13–O16) 64 13 51 29 19 1.5 * 1.6 1.3 * Hemorrhage of pregnancy and childbirth and placenta

previa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (O20,O44–O46,O67,O72) 41 12 29 18 9 0.9 * 0.9 * * Complications predominately related to the puerperium . . . . . . . . . (A34,O85–O92) 93 15 78 35 31 2.2 * 2.4 1.5 4.9

Obstetrical tetanus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A34) – – – – – * * * * * Obstetric embolism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(O88) 33 6 27 12 8 0.8 * 0.8 * * Other complications predominately related to the puerperium (O85–O87,O89–O92) 60 9 51 23 23 1.4 * 1.6 1.0 3.7

All other direct obstetric causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(O10,O12,O21–O43,O47–O66,O68–O71,O73–O75) 164 27 137 71 58 3.8 2.5 4.3 3.1 9.2

Obstetric death of unspecified cause . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(O95) 20 4 16 7 7 0.5 * * * * Indirect obstetric causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (O98–O99) 135 19 116 74 37 3.1 * 3.6 3.2 5.9

Maternal causes more than 42 days after delivery or termination of pregnancy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (O96–O97) 221 39 181 92 70 5.1 3.7 5.6 4.0 11.2 Death from any obstetric cause occurring more than 42 days but less

than 1 year after delivery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(O96) 215 38 176 92 66 5.0 3.6 5.5 4.0 10.5 Death from sequelae of direct obstetric causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(O97) 6 1 5 – 4 * * * * *

* Figure does not meet standards of reliability or precision; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ – Quantity zero. 1All origins includes origin not stated; specified origins exclude origins not stated. 2Includes races other than white and black. 3Race categories are consistent with the 1977 Office of Management and Budget (OMB) standards. Multiple–race data were reported for deaths by 27 states and the District of Columbia and, for births, by 27 areas; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ The multiple-race data for these reporting areas were bridged to the single–race categories of the 1977 OMB standards for comparability with other reporting areas; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’

116 N

ational Vital Statistics R eports, Vol. 58, N

o. 19, M ay 20, 2010

National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 19, May 20, 2010 117

Technical Notes

Nature and sources of data Data in this report are based on information from all death

certificates filed in the 50 states and the District of Columbia and are processed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). Data for 2007 are based on records of deaths that occurred during 2007 and were received as of October 28, 2009. Missing from the 2007 data file are approximately 200 deaths that occurred in Allen Parish, Louisiana, but were not registered with the Louisiana state office. The registra tion problem began in 2006, when approximately 150 deaths that occurred in Allen Parish were not registered with the state office for that year.

The U.S. Standard Certificate of Death—which is used as a model by the states—was revised in 2003 (38). Prior to 2003, the standard certificate of death had not been revised since 1989. This report includes data for the 23 states (California, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Idaho, Kansas, Michigan, Montana, Nebraska, New Hamp shire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Texas, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming) and the District of Columbia that used the 2003 revision of the U.S. Standard Certificate of Death in 2007, and for the remaining 27 states that collected and reported death data in 2007 based on the 1989 revision of the U.S. Standard Certificate of Death. The 1989 and 2003 revisions are described in detail elsewhere (38–41).

Because most of the items presented in this report appear largely comparable despite changes to item wording and format in the 2003 death certificate revision, data from both groups of states are combined unless otherwise stated. Data for Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and Northern Marianas are included in tables showing data by state but are not included in U.S. totals.

Mortality statistics are based on information coded by the states and provided to NCHS through the Vital Statistics Cooperative Program and from copies of original certificates received by NCHS from state registration offices. In 2007, all states and the District of Columbia participated in this program and submitted part or all of the mortality data for 2007 in electronic data files to NCHS. All areas provided precoded medical (cause-of-death) data to NCHS except Nebraska, New Jersey, and West Virginia. For 2007, all states submitted precoded demographic data for all deaths.

Data for the entire United States refer to events occurring within the United States. Data shown for geographic areas are by place of residence. Beginning with 1970, mortality statistics for the United States exclude deaths of nonresidents of the United States. All data exclude fetal deaths.

Mortality statistics for Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, American Samoa, and Northern Marianas exclude deaths of nonresidents for each area. For Guam, however, mortality statistics exclude deaths that occurred to a resident of any place other than Guam or the United States.

Cause-of-death classification The mortality statistics presented in this report were compiled in

accordance with World Health Organization (WHO) regulations, which specify that member nations classify and code causes of death in

accordance with the current revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD). ICD provides the basic guidance used in virtually all countries to code and classify causes of death. Effective with deaths occurring in 1999, the United States began using the Tenth Revision of this classification (ICD–10) (42). In 2004, the second edition of ICD–10 was adopted (6). For earlier years, causes of death were classified according to the revisions then in use: 1979–1998, Ninth Revision; 1968–1978, Eighth Revision, adapted for use in the United States; 1958–1967, Seventh Revision; and 1949–1957, Sixth Revision.

Changes in classification of causes of death due to these revisions may result in discontinuities in cause-of-death trends. Consequently, cause-of-death comparisons among revisions require consideration of comparability ratios and, where available, estimates of their standard errors. Comparability ratios between the Ninth and Tenth revisions, Eighth and Ninth revisions, Seventh and Eighth revisions, and Sixth and Seventh revisions may be found in other NCHS reports and indepen dent tabulations (23–25,43–45).

Rules for coding a cause or causes of death may sometimes require modification when evidence suggests it will improve the quality of cause-of-death data. Prior to 1999, such modifications were made only when a new ICD revision was implemented. A process for updating the ICD was introduced with ICD–10 that allows for midrevision changes. These changes, however, may affect comparability of data between years for selected causes of death. Minor changes may be implemented every year, whereas major changes may be implemented every 3 years (e.g., 2006 data year). In data year 2007, minor changes were implemented; these are discussed in subsequent sections of this report.

ICD not only details disease classification but also provides defi nitions, tabulation lists, the format of the death certificate, and the rules for coding cause of death. Cause-of-death data presented in this publication were coded by procedures outlined in annual issues of the NCHS Instruction Manual (46,47). ICD includes rules for selecting the underlying cause of death and regulations on the use of ICD.

Before data year 1968, mortality medical data were based on manual coding of an underlying cause of death for each certificate in accordance with WHO rules. Effective with data year 1968, NCHS converted to computerized coding of the underlying cause and manual coding of all causes (multiple causes) on the death certificate. In this system, called ‘‘Automated Classification of Medical Entities’’ (ACME) (48), multiple-cause codes are inputted to computer software that uses WHO rules to select the underlying cause. All cause-of-death data in this report are coded using ACME.

The ACME system is used to select the underlying cause of death for all death certificates in the United States. In addition, NCHS has developed two computer systems as inputs to ACME. Beginning with 1990 data, the Mortality Medical Indexing, Classification, and Retrieval system (MICAR) (49,50) was introduced to automate the coding of multiple causes of death. In addition, MICAR provides more detailed information on the conditions reported on death certificates than is available through the ICD code structure. Beginning with data year 1993, SuperMICAR, an enhancement of the MICAR system, was introduced, allowing for literal entry of the multiple cause-of-death text as reported by the certifier. This information is then automatically processed by the MICAR and ACME computer systems. Records that cannot be automatically processed by MICAR or SuperMICAR are

118 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 19, May 20, 2010

manually multiple-cause coded and then further processed through ACME. In 2007, SuperMICAR was used to process all of the nation’s death records.

In this report, tabulations of cause-of-death statistics are based solely on the underlying cause of death. The underlying cause is defined by WHO as ‘‘the disease or injury which initiated the train of events leading directly to death, or the circumstances of the accident or violence which produced the fatal injury’’ (6). The underlying cause is selected from the conditions entered by the physician in the cause of-death section of the death certificate. When more than one cause or condition is entered by the physician, the underlying cause is determined by the sequence of conditions on the certificate, provisions of ICD, and associated selection rules and modifications. Generally, more medical information is reported on death certificates than is directly reflected in the underlying cause of death. This is captured in NCHS multiple cause-of-death statistics (51–53).

Tabulation lists and cause-of-death ranking Tabulation lists for ICD–10 are published in the NCHS Instruc

tion Manual, Part 9, ‘‘ICD–10 Cause-of-Death Lists for Tabulating Mortality Statistics’’ (updated October 2007 to include WHO updates to ICD–10 for data year 2007) (54). For this report, two tabulation lists are used: the List of 113 Selected Causes of Death, used for deaths of all ages, and the List of 130 Selected Causes of Infant Death, used for infants. These lists are also used to rank leading causes of death for the two population groups. For the List of 113 Selected Causes of Death, the group titles of Major cardiovascular diseases (ICD–10 codes I00–I78), and Symptoms, signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings, not elsewhere classified (R00–R99), are not ranked. In addition, category titles that begin with the words ‘‘other’’ and ‘‘all other’’ are not ranked to determine the leading causes of death. When one of the titles that represents a subtotal is ranked—for example, Tuberculosis (A16–A19)—its com ponent parts are not ranked—in this case, Respiratory tuberculosis (A16) and Other tuberculosis (A17–A19). For the List of 130 Selected Causes of Infant Death, the same ranking procedures are used except that the category of major cardiovascular diseases is not on the list. More detail regarding ranking procedures can be found in ‘‘Deaths: Leading Causes for 2007’’ (3).

Leading cause-of-death trends discussed in this report are based on cause-of-death data according to ICD–10 for 1999–2007 and ICD–9 for the most comparable cause-of-death titles for 1979–1998. Tables showing ICD–9 categories that are comparable to ICD–10 titles in the List of 113 Selected Causes of Death may be found in ‘‘Comparability of Cause of Death Between ICD–9 and ICD–10: Preliminary Estimates’’ (25) and ‘‘Deaths: Final Data for 1999’’ (22). Although in some cases categories from the List of 113 Selected Causes of Death are identical to those in the earlier List of 72 Selected Causes of Death used with ICD–9, caution must be used because many of these categories are not comparable even though the cause-of-death titles may be the same.

Trend data for 1979–1998 that are classified by ICD–9 but sorted into the List of 113 Selected Causes of Death developed for ICD–10 can be found on the mortality website at http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/ statab/hist001r.pdf.

Revision of ICD and resulting changes in classification and rules for selecting the underlying cause of death have important implications for the analysis of mortality trends by cause of death. For some causes

of death, the discontinuity in trend can be substantial (24,25). There fore, considerable caution should be used in analyzing cause-of-death trends for periods of time that extend across more than one revision of ICD.

Codes added and deleted in 2007 Effective with data year 2007, four new ICD–10 codes were

added as valid, underlying cause-of-death codes. These are: J09, Influenza due to identified avian influenza virus; U04.9, Severe acute respiratory syndrome [SARS], unspecified; X59.0, Exposure to unspecified factor causing fracture; X59.9, Exposure to unspecified factor causing other and unspecified injury.

In 2007, no deaths were assigned to new codes J09 or U04.9. New codes X59.0 and X59.9 provide more detail for code X59, Exposure to unspecified factor. Beginning in 2007, X59 represents the subtotal of new codes X59.0 and X59.9 but is no longer selected as a three-digit underlying cause-of-death code. Deleted from the list of valid under lying cause-of-death codes in 2007 was F10.0, Mental and behavioral disorders due to use of alcohol, acute intoxication.

In 2007, several changes were made to the 113 causes of death list to reflect the addition of the new codes. With the addition of J09, Influenza due to identified avian influenza virus, ICD–10 codes were changed from J10–J18 to J09–J18 for ‘‘Influenza and pneumonia’’ and from J10–J11 to J09–J11 for ‘‘Influenza.’’ With the addition of U04.9, Severe acute respiratory syndrome [SARS], ICD–10 codes were changed from J20–J22 to J20–J22,U04 for ‘‘Other acute lower respi ratory infections.’’ The category title ‘‘Unspecified acute lower respi ratory infection’’ also was changed to ‘‘Other and unspecified acute lower respiratory infections,’’ and the codes for this cause were changed from J22 to J22,U04 (54).

Changes in 2007 were also made to the list of 130 causes of infant death to reflect the addition of the new codes. With the addition of U04.9, Severe acute respiratory syndrome [SARS], ICD–10 codes were changed from J00–J98 to J00–J98,U04 for ‘‘Diseases of the respiratory system,’’ and U04 was added to the ICD–10 codes for ‘‘Other and unspecified diseases of respiratory system.’’ With the addition of J09, Influenza due to identified avian influenza virus, ICD–10 codes were changed from J10–J18 to J09–J18 for ‘‘Influenza and pneumonia’’ and from J10–J11 to J09–J11 for ‘‘Influenza’’ (54).

Codes for terrorism Beginning with data for 2001, NCHS introduced categories

U01–U03 for classifying and coding deaths due to acts of terrorism. The asterisks before the category codes indicate that they are not part of ICD–10. Deaths classified to the terrorism categories are included in the 113 causes of death list in the categories for Assault (homicide) and Intentional self-harm (suicide), and in the 130 causes of death list for infants in the category for Assault (homicide). Additional information on these new categories is available from http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/icd/terrorism_code.htm. No deaths were assigned to the terrorism categories in 2007.

Enterocolitis due to Clostridium difficile The number of deaths from Enterocolitis due to Clostridium

difficile (C. difficile) (ICD–10 code A04.7) has increased dramatically

http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/statab/hist001r.pdf

http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/icd/terrorism_code.htm

National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 19, May 20, 2010 119

in recent years, from 793 deaths in 1999 to 6,372 deaths in 2007. Data for C. difficile are included in tables showing data for 113 selected causes of death in ‘‘Certain other intestinal infections (A04, A07–A09)’’ but were previously not identified separately. Because of the increasing importance of this cause of death, beginning with data year 2006, data for C. difficile are shown separately at the bottom of tables showing 113 selected causes, and C. difficile has been added to the list of rankable causes.

Quality of reporting and processing cause of death

One index of the quality of reporting causes of death is the proportion of death certificates coded to Chapter XVIII—Symptoms, signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings, not elsewhere classified (ICD–10 codes R00–R99). Although deaths occur for which underlying causes are impossible to determine, the proportion coded to R00–R99 indicates the consideration given to the cause-of-death statement by the medical certifier. This proportion also may be used as a rough measure of specificity of medical diagnoses made by the certifier in various areas. In 2007, the percentage of all reported deaths in the United States assigned to Symptoms, signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings, not elsewhere classified, was 1.38 percent, up slightly from 1.31 percent in 2006. Since 2000, the percentage has ranged from 1.23 to 1.38, higher than the percentages in the 1990s, which ranged from 1.08 to 1.18 percent.

Rules for coding a cause or causes of death may sometimes require modification when evidence suggests it will improve the quality of cause-of-death data. These changes, however, may affect compa rability of data between years for selected causes of death. The implementation of changes in coding rules in 2007 had an impact on several mortality causes—and the comparison of 2007 and 2006 data for these causes—in the following ways:

+ The increase in deaths from Anemias (D50–D64) in 2007 from 2006 may largely be due to a coding change in 2007. Specifically, more deaths that would have previously been assigned to Con gestive heart failure (I50.0) were instead assigned to Anemia, unspecified (D64.9).

+ The large increase in deaths from Chronic glomerulonephritis, nephritis and nephropathy not specified as acute or chronic, and renal sclerosis unspecified (N02–N03,N05–N07,N26) in 2007 from 2006 may mostly be due to a coding change in 2007 that resulted in fewer deaths being assigned to Chronic renal failure, unspeci fied (N18.9).

+ The increase in Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis (K70,K73–K74) in 2007 from 2006 may largely be due to a coding change that resulted in more deaths being assigned to Alcoholic liver disease (K70).

+ In 2007, deaths previously assigned to Mental and behavioral disorders due to use of alcohol, acute intoxication (F10.0) were instead assigned to Accidental poisoning by and exposure to alcohol (X45); Intentional self-poisoning (suicide) by and exposure to alcohol (X65); and Poisoning by and exposure to alcohol, undetermined intent (Y15).

Rare causes of death Selected causes of death considered to be of public health

concern are routinely confirmed by states according to agreed-upon procedures between state vital statistics programs and NCHS. These causes, termed infrequent and rare causes of death, are listed in the NCHS Instruction Manual, Parts 2a, 11, and 20 (47,55,56).

For data year 2007, complete confirmation of deaths from infre quent and rare causes was not provided by 12 states: Connecticut, Florida, Indiana, Kentucky, Maryland, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Penn sylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Washington, and West Virginia.

Injury mortality by mechanism and intent Injury mortality data are presented using the external cause of

injury mortality matrix for ICD–10 (Table 18). In this framework, cause-of-injury deaths are organized principally by mechanism (e.g., firearm or poisoning), and secondarily by manner or intent of death (e.g., unintentional, suicide, or homicide).

The number of deaths for selected causes in this framework may differ from those shown in tables that use the standard mortality tabulation lists. Following WHO conventions, standard mortality tabu lations (Table 10) present external causes of death (ICD–10 codes U01–U03 and V01–Y89); in contrast, the matrix (Table 18) excludes deaths classified to Complications of medical and surgical care (Y40–Y84 and Y88). For additional information on injury data presented in this framework, see ‘‘Deaths: Injuries, 2002’’ (57), available from http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/nvsr.htm#vol54. Data for later years are available through CDC’s Wonder system at http://wonder.cdc.gov/ or through CDC’s Web-based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System (WISQARS) at http://www.cdc.gov/injury/wisqars/index.html. Implementation of changes to ICD–10 may affect the matrix, requiring modification of codes in selected categories. For information on the latest ICD–10 external cause-of-injury codes included in the matrix, see http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/injury/injury_tools.htm.

Codes for firearm deaths Causes of death attributable to firearm mortality include ICD–10

codes U01.4, Terrorism involving firearms (homicide); W32–W34, Accidental discharge of firearms; X72–X74, Intentional self-harm (suicide) by discharge of firearms; X93–X95, Assault (homicide) by discharge of firearms; Y22–Y24, Discharge of firearms, undetermined intent; and Y35.0, Legal intervention involving firearm discharge. Deaths from injury by firearms exclude deaths due to explosives and other causes indirectly related to firearms.

Codes for drug-induced deaths Causes of death attributable to drug-induced mortality include

ICD–10 codes D52.1, Drug-induced folate deficiency anemia; D59.0, Drug-induced hemolytic anemia; D59.2, Drug-induced nonautoim mune hemolytic anemia; D61.1, Drug-induced aplastic anemia; D64.2, Secondary sideroblastic anemia due to drugs and toxins; E06.4, Drug-induced thyroiditis; E16.0, Drug-induced hypoglycemia without coma; E23.1, Drug-induced hypopituitarism; E24.2, Drug- induced Cushing’s syndrome; E27.3, Drug-induced adrenocortical insufficiency; E66.1, Drug-induced obesity; selected codes from the

http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/injury/injury_tools.htm

http://www.cdc.gov/injury/wisqars/index.html

http://wonder.cdc.gov

http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/nvsr.htm#vol54

120 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 19, May 20, 2010

ICD–10 title of mental and behavioral disorders due to psychoactive substance use, specifically, F11.0–F11.5, F11.7–F11.9, F12.0–F12.5, F12.7–F12.9, F13.0–F13.5, F13.7–F13.9, F14.0–F14.5, F14.7–F14.9, F15.0–F15.5, F15.7–F15.9, F16.0–F16.5, F16.7–F16.9, F17.0, F17.3–F17.5, F17.7–F17.9, F18.0–F18.5, F18.7–F18.9, F19.0–F19.5, and F19.7–F19.9; G21.1, Other drug-induced secondary parkin sonism; G24.0, Drug-induced dystonia; G25.1, Drug-induced tremor; G25.4, Drug-induced chorea; G25.6, Drug-induced tics and other tics of organic origin; G44.4, Drug-induced headache, not elsewhere classified; G62.0, Drug-induced polyneuropathy; G72.0, Drug-induced myopathy; I95.2, Hypotension due to drugs; J70.2, Acute drug- induced interstitial lung disorders; J70.3, Chronic drug-induced inter stitial lung disorders; J70.4, Drug-induced interstitial lung disorder, unspecified; K85.3, Drug-induced acute pancreatitis; L10.5, Drug- induced pemphigus; L27.0, Generalized skin eruption due to drugs and medicaments; L27.1, Localized skin eruption due to drugs and medicaments; M10.2, Drug-induced gout; M32.0, Drug-induced sys temic lupus erythematosus; M80.4, Drug-induced osteoporosis with pathological fracture; M81.4, Drug-induced osteoporosis; M83.5, Other drug-induced osteomalacia in adults; M87.1, Osteonecrosis due to drugs; R50.2, Drug-induced fever; R78.1, Finding of opiate drug in blood; R78.2, Finding of cocaine in blood; R78.3, Finding of hallucinogen in blood; R78.4, Finding of other drugs of addictive potential in blood; R78.5, Finding of psychotropic drug in blood; X40–X44, Accidental poisoning by and exposure to drugs, medica ments and biological substances; X60–X64, Intentional self-poisoning (suicide) by and exposure to drugs, medicaments and biological substances; X85, Assault (homicide) by drugs, medicaments and biological substances; and Y10–Y14, Poisoning by and exposure to drugs, medicaments and biological substances, undetermined intent. Drug-induced causes exclude accidents, homicides, and other causes indirectly related to drug use, as well as newborn deaths associated with the mother’s drug use.

Codes for alcohol-induced deaths Causes of death attributable to alcohol-induced mortality include

ICD–10 codes E24.4, Alcohol-induced pseudo-Cushing’s syndrome; F10, Mental and behavioral disorders due to alcohol use; G31.2, Degeneration of nervous system due to alcohol; G62.1, Alcoholic polyneuropathy; G72.1, Alcoholic myopathy; I42.6, Alcoholic cardi omyopathy; K29.2, Alcoholic gastritis; K70, Alcoholic liver disease; K85.2, Alcohol-induced acute pancreatitis; K86.0, Alcohol-induced chronic pancreatitis; R78.0, Finding of alcohol in blood; X45, Acci dental poisoning by and exposure to alcohol; X65, Intentional self-poisoning by and exposure to alcohol; and Y15, Poisoning by and exposure to alcohol, undetermined intent. Alcohol-induced causes exclude accidents, homicides, and other causes indirectly related to alcohol use, as well as newborn deaths associated with maternal alcohol use.

Race and Hispanic origin The 2003 revision of the U.S. Standard Certificate of Death

allows the reporting of more than one race (multiple races) (38). This change was implemented to reflect the increasing diversity of the population of the United States and to be consistent with the decennial census. The race and ethnicity items on the revised

certificate are compliant with the 1997 ‘‘Revision of the Race and Ethnic Standards for Federal Statistics and Administrative Reporting’’ issued by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB). This revision replaced standards that were issued in 1977 (8). The new standards mandate the collection of more than one race where applicable for federal data (7). In addition, the new certificate is compliant with the OMB-mandated minimum set of five races to be reported for federal data. Multiple race includes any combination of white, black or African American, American Indian or Alaska Native (AIAN), Asian, and Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander (NHOPI). If two or more specific subgroups such as Korean and Chinese are reported, these count as a single race of Asian rather than as multiple races.

The number of states reporting multiple race has increased, from 7 states in 2003 to 27 states and the District of Columbia in 2007:

+ In 2003, multiple race was reported on the revised death certifi cates of California, Idaho, Montana, and New York, as well as on the unrevised certificates of Hawaii, Maine, and Wisconsin.

+ In 2004, multiple race was reported for the entire year on the revised death certificates of California, Idaho, Michigan, Montana, New Jersey, New York, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Washington, and Wyoming, as well as on the unrevised certificates of Hawaii, Maine, Minnesota, and Wisconsin. New Hampshire began reporting multiple race in mid-April 2004 upon implementing the revised certificate.

+ In 2005, multiple race was reported for the entire year on the revised death certificates of California, Connecticut, Florida, Idaho, Kansas, Michigan, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Oklahoma, South Carolina, South Dakota, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming as well as on the unrevised certificates of Hawaii, Maine, Minnesota, and Wisconsin. The District of Columbia began reporting multiple race in March 2005 upon implementing the revised certificate.

+ In 2006, multiple race was reported on the revised death certifi cates of California, Connecticut, the District of Columbia, Florida, Idaho, Kansas, Michigan, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, Oklahoma, Oregon, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Texas, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming as well as on the unrevised certificates of Hawaii, Maine, Minnesota, and Wisconsin.

+ In 2007, multiple race was reported on the revised death certifi cates of California, Connecticut, Delaware, the District of Columbia, Florida, Idaho, Kansas, Michigan, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Texas, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming as well as on the unre vised certificates of Hawaii, Maine, Minnesota, and Wisconsin.

In 2007, more than one race was reported for 0.4 percent of the records in the 27 multiple-race reporting states and the District of Columbia (Table I). Although still uncommon, multiple races were reported more often for younger decedents than for older decedents (2.3 percent of decedents under age 25 years compared with 0.6 percent of decedents aged 25–64 and 0.2 percent of decedents aged 65 and over). No decedent was reported as having more than four races. Of those records where more than one race was reported, the NHOPI category was reported in combination with another race more often (46.3 percent) than the other categories (white, 0.4 per cent; black, 0.7 percent; Asian, 5.2 percent; and AIAN, 20.0 percent).

National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 19, May 20, 2010 121

Table I. Deaths by race: California, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Hawaii, Idaho, Kansas, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Texas, Utah, Washington, Wisconsin, and Wyoming, 2007 [By state of occurrence]

Percent of Race Deaths deaths

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,389,618 100.0

One race . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,384,351 99.6 White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,189,806 85.6 Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137,791 9.9 Asian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,251 2.5 Other1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,865 0.9 AIAN2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,888 0.6 NHOPI3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,750 0.1

Two or more races. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,267 0.4 Two races . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,780 0.3

AIAN2and white . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,888 0.1 Asian and white. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 844 0.1 Black and white. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 641 0.0 NHOPI3and white . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 552 0.0 Asian and NHOPI3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 536 0.0 Black and AIAN2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198 0.0 Black and Asian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 0.0 AIAN2and Asian. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 0.0 Black and NHOPI3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 0.0 AIAN2and NHOPI3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 0.0

Three races . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 474 0.0 Asian, NHOPI3, and white. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370 0.0 Black, AIAN2, and white . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 0.0 AIAN2, NHOPI3, and white . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 0.0 Black, Asian, and white . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 0.0 AIAN2, Asian, and white . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 0.0 Black, Asian, and NHOPI3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 0.0 Black, NHOPI3, and white . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 0.0 Black, AIAN2, and Asian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0.0 AIAN2, Asian, and NHOPI3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0.0

Four races . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 0.0 AIAN2, Asian, NHOPI3, and white . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 0.0 Black, Asian, NHOPI3, and white. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 0.0 Black, Asian, AIAN2, and white . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 0.0

0.0 Quantity more than zero but less than 0.05. 1Includes records for which race was reported as ‘‘other.’’ Future processing assigns ‘‘other’’ race to one of the recognized categories. ‘‘Other’’ race comprises a wide variety of responses; however, the most common is to check ‘‘other’’ and not provide future specification or to report a Hispanic group as a race. 2American Indian or Alaska Native. 3Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander.

Data from the vital records of the 23 states based on the 1989 revision of the U.S. Standard Certificate of Death follow the 1977 OMB standard, allowing only a single race to be reported (8,41). In addition, these states report a minimum set of four races as stipulated in the 1977 standard. These are white, black or African American, AIAN, and Asian or Pacific Islander (API).

To provide uniformity and comparability of data during the tran sition period before all or most of the data become available in the multiple-race format, the responses of those for whom more than one race was reported (multiple race) must be ‘‘bridged’’ to a single race. The bridging procedure is similar to that used to bridge multiracial population estimates (10,11). Multiracial decedents are imputed to a single race (white, black, AIAN, or API) according to their combination of races, Hispanic origin, sex, and age indicated on the death certificate. The imputation procedure is described in detail at http://www.cdc.gov/ nchs/data/dvs/Multiple_race_documentation_5-10-04.pdf. Similarly, when calculating infant and maternal mortality rates, multiracial infants are bridged to a single race. The bridging procedure for multiple-race mothers and fathers is based on the procedure used to bridge the

multiple-race population estimates (37); see the following subsection on ‘‘Infant and maternal mortality rates.’’

Race and Hispanic origin are reported separately on the death certificate. Therefore, data shown by race include persons of Hispanic and non-Hispanic origin, and data for Hispanic origin include persons of any race. In this report, unless otherwise specified, deaths of persons of Hispanic origin are included in the totals for each race group—white, black, AIAN, and API—according to the decedent’s race as reported on the death certificate. Data shown for Hispanic persons include all persons of Hispanic origin of any race.

Mortality data for the Hispanic-origin population are based on deaths of residents of all 50 states and the District of Columbia. Data year 1997 was the first year in which mortality data for the Hispanic population were available for the entire United States.

Quality of race and Hispanic origin data—Death rates for Hispanic, AIAN, and API persons should be interpreted with caution because of inconsistencies in reporting Hispanic origin or race on the death cer tificate as compared with censuses, surveys, and birth certificates. Studies have shown underreporting on death certificates of AIAN, API,

http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/dvs/Multiple_race_documentation_5-10-04.pdf

122 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 19, May 20, 2010

and Hispanic decedents, as well as undercounts of these groups in censuses (16,18,58,59).

A number of studies have been conducted on the reliability of race reported on the death certificate by comparing it with race reported on another data collection instrument, such as the census or a survey (16,18,58,59). Inconsistencies may arise because of differences in who provides race information on the compared records. Race information on the death certificate is reported by a funeral director as provided by an informant or, in the absence of an informant, on the basis of observation. In contrast, race on the census or the Current Population Survey (CPS) is obtained while the person is alive; in these cases, race is self-reported or reported by another member of the household familiar with the person and, therefore, may be considered more valid. A high level of agreement between the death certificate and the census or survey report is essential to assure unbiased death rates by race.

Studies (16,18,58,59) show that a person self-reported as AIAN or API on census or survey records was sometimes reported as white on the death certificate. The net effect of misclassification is an under estimation of deaths and death rates for races other than white and black. In addition, undercoverage of minority groups in the census and resultant population estimates introduces biases into death rates by race (16,18,58–61). Unlike the 1990 census, coverage error in the 2000 census was found to be statistically significant only for the non-Hispanic white population (overcounted by approximately 1.13 percent) and non-Hispanic black population (undercounted by approximately 1.84 percent) (60).

Using the National Longitudinal Mortality Study, Arias et al. exam ined the reliability of race and Hispanic origin reported on about 250,000 death certificates compared with that reported on a total of 26 CPSs conducted by the U.S. Bureau of the Census for 1979–1998 (16,18). Agreement between the two sources was found to be excellent for the white and black populations, both exhibiting CPS-to-death certificate ratios of 1.00. On the other hand, substantial differences were found for other race groups. The ratio of CPS to death certificates was found to be 1.30 for the AIAN population and 1.07 for the API population, indicating net underreporting on death certificates of 30 percent for AIAN and 7 percent for API. The ratio of deaths for CPS to death certificates for Hispanics was found to be 1.05, indicating a net under- reporting on death certificates for the Hispanic population of 5 percent.

Data on the Central and South American and Other Hispanic-origin populations are affected by whether a state submits literal text to NCHS, thereby making it possible to identify decedents as being of Central and South American origin.

Other races and race not stated—Beginning in 1992, all records coded as ‘‘other races’’ (0.36 percent of total deaths in 2007) were assigned to the specified race of the previous record. Records for which race was unknown, not stated, or not classifiable (0.17 percent) were assigned the racial designation of the previous record.

Infant and maternal mortality rates—For 1989–2007, as in pre vious years, infant and maternal deaths continue to be tabulated by the race of the decedent. However, beginning with the 1989 data year, the method of tabulating live births by race was changed from race of parents to race of mother, as stated on the birth certificate. This change affects infant and maternal mortality rates because live births are the denominators of these rates (40,62). To improve continuity and ease of interpretation, trend data by race in this report have been retabulated by race of mother for all years beginning with the 1980 data year.

Quantitatively, the change in the basis for tabulating live births by race of mother results in more white births and fewer black births and births of other races. Consequently, infant and maternal mortality rates under the new tabulating procedure tend to be about 2.0 percent lower for white infants and about 5.0 percent higher for black infants than when they are computed by the previous method of tabulating live births by race of parents. Rates for most other minority races also are higher when computed by race of mother (63,64).

In 2007, multiple race was reported on the revised birth certificates of California, Colorado, Delaware, Florida, Georgia (for births occurring after January 1 only), Idaho, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Michigan (for births at most facilities), Nebraska, New Hampshire, New York state (excluding New York City), North Dakota, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Vermont, Washington, and Wyoming, and on the unrevised birth certificates of Hawaii, Minnesota, and Utah (65).

Infant mortality rates for the Hispanic-origin population are based on numbers of resident infant deaths reported to be of Hispanic origin and numbers of resident live births by Hispanic origin of mother for the United States. In computing infant mortality rates, deaths and live births of unknown origin are not distributed among the specified Hispanic and non-Hispanic groups. In the United States in 2007, the percentage of infant deaths of unknown origin was 0.6 percent and the percentage of live births to mothers of unknown origin was 0.7 percent.

Small numbers of infant deaths for specific Hispanic-origin groups result in infant mortality rates subject to relatively large random variation (see following section on ‘‘Random variation’’). Infant mortality rates by Hispanic origin are less subject to reporting error when based on linked files of infant deaths and live births (36,37).

Infant mortality rates calculated from the general mortality file for specified race and Hispanic origin contain errors because of reporting problems that affect the classification of race and Hispanic origin on the birth and death certificates for the same infant. Infant mortality rates by specified race and Hispanic origin are more accurate when based on the linked file of infant deaths and live births (36,37). The linked file computes infant mortality rates using the race and Hispanic origin of the mother from the birth certificate in both the numerator and denomi nator of the rate. In addition, the mother’s race and Hispanic origin from the birth certificate is considered to be more accurately reported than the infant’s race and Hispanic origin from the death certificate—on the birth certificate, race is generally reported by the mother at the time of delivery, whereas on the death certificate, the infant’s race and Hispanic origin is reported by an informant, usually the mother but sometimes the funeral director. Estimates of reporting errors have been made by comparing rates based on the linked files with those in which the infant’s race is based on information from the death certificate (36,58).

Life tables The life table provides a comprehensive measure of the effect of

mortality on life expectancy. It is composed of sets of values showing the mortality experience of a hypothetical group of infants born at the same time and subject throughout their lifetime to the age-specific death rates of a particular time period, usually a given year. Prior to data year 1997, U.S. life tables were abridged and constructed by reference to a standard table (63). In addition, the age range for these life tables was limited to 5-year age groups ending with the age

National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 19, May 20, 2010 123

group 85 years and over. Beginning with final data reported for 1997, the life table methodology was changed from previous annual reports, with a revised methodology used for 1997–1999 data and a newly revised methodology for 2000–2007 data.

For data years 1997–1999, complete life tables were constructed by single years of age extending to age 100 (66) using a revised methodology similar to that of the 1989–1991 decennial life tables (67). The revised methodology offers comparability with decennial life table methodology, greater accuracy, and greater age detail. A comparison of the two methods shows small differences in resulting values for life expectancy (66). Although the revised method produces complete life tables (by single years of age), the life table data shown in this report are summarized in 5-year age groupings. To calculate the probability of dying at each age, the revised methodology used vital statistics death rates for ages under 85 years, and mortality data from the Medicare program for ages 85 and over. The Medicare data are shown to be significantly more reliable than vital statistics data when modeling the probability of dying at the oldest ages (68).

Life table data shown in this report for data years 2000–2007 are based on the newly revised methodology and may differ from figures previously published. Complete life tables by single years of age extending to age 100 were constructed using a methodology similar to that developed for the 1999–2001 decennial life tables (69). To cal culate the probability of dying at each age, the newly revised meth odology used vital statistics death rates for ages under 66, and modeled probabilities of death for ages 66 to 100 based on blended vital statistics and Medicare probabilities of dying (69). The newly revised method ology, along with a more comprehensive description of the method ology, was published in United States Life Tables, 2005 NVSR Volume 58, Number 10; see http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr58/ nvsr58_10.pdf for additional information.

Causes of death contributing to changes in life expectancy

A life table partitioning technique was used to estimate causes of death contributing to changes in life expectancy in this report. The method partitions changes into component additive parts and identi fies the causes of death having the greatest influence, positive or negative, on changes in life expectancy (17,70,71).

Marital status Age-specific and age-adjusted death rates by marital status are

shown by sex in Table 25. Mortality data by marital status are generally of high quality. A study of death certificate data using the 1986 National Mortality Followback Survey showed a high level of consistency in reporting marital status (61). Age-adjusted death rates by marital status were computed based on age-specific rates and the standard population for those aged 25 and over. Although age- specific death rates by marital status are shown for the age group 15–24, they are not included in the computation of the age-adjusted rate because of their high variability, particularly for the widowed population. Furthermore, the age groups 75–84 and 85 and over are combined because of high variability in death rates among those aged 85 and over, particularly for the never-married population.

Educational attainment Beginning in 2003, some registration areas adopted the new

U.S. Standard Certificate of Death, which includes a revised educa tional attainment item, replacing the 1989 version, which had focused on highest school grade completed. Neither the new nor old item captures vocational training. The change establishes consistency with U.S. Census Bureau data to improve the ability to identify specific degrees and persons who had completed 12 years of education but did not hold either a high school diploma or General Educational Development (GED) high school equivalency diploma. The previous item also had been used inappropriately and inaccurately to infer degree status. Based on testing by the Census Bureau, the new item identifies about 2 percent more persons with less than a high school diploma or equivalent, 13 percent fewer persons with a high school diploma, and 8 percent more persons with at least some college (72). In 2007, the District of Columbia and 22 states used the revised item: California, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Idaho, Kansas, Michigan, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, South Carolina, South Dakota, Texas, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. The unrevised education item continued to be used by 26 states: Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, Colorado, Hawaii, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Loui siana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Mississippi, Mis souri, Nevada, North Carolina, North Dakota, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia, and Wisconsin.

Table 26 shows mortality data by educational attainment for states using the 2003 version of the standard death certificate and, separately, for states using the 1989 version. Data were approximately 80 percent or more complete on a state-of-occurrence basis. Data for Georgia and Rhode Island were excluded because the educational attainment item was not on their certificates. Age-adjusted death rates by educational attainment were computed based on the age-specific rates and the standard population for those aged 25–64. Data for those aged 65 and over are not shown because reporting quality is poorer at older ages (73).

Rates by educational attainment for states using the unrevised certificate are affected by differences between measurement of edu cation for the numerator, which is based on the number of years of education completed as reported on the 1989 revision of the death certificate, and the denominator, which is based on highest degree completed as reported on the 2000 census and the CPSs (72,74).

Table II shows a 2002-to-2007 comparison of the percent distri bution of deaths by measures of educational attainment for areas using the revised certificate in 2007. However, South Dakota is excluded from this table because that state first began reporting education in 2004 and has no comparison data for 2002.

Injury at work Information on deaths attributed to injuries at work is derived

from a separate item on the death certificate that asks the medical certifier whether the death resulted from an injury sustained at work. This item is on the death certificate of all states. Number of deaths, age-specific death rates, and age-adjusted death rates for injury at work are shown in Tables 27 and 28. Deaths, crude death rates, and

http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr58/nvsr58_10.pdf

124 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 19, May 20, 2010

Table II. Percent distribution of deaths, by education items: California, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Idaho, Kansas, Michigan, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, South Carolina, Texas, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming, 2002 and 2007 [By state of occrrence. Excludes nonresidents of the United States. Because of rounding, the sum of the subgroups may not add to the total]

2002 2007

Percent Percent Years of school completed distribution Educational attainment distribution

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 Under 12 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.2 Less than high school diploma or GED . . . . 26.4 12 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.2 High school diploma or GED . . . . . . . . . . 41.0 13 years or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.5 Some college or collegiate degree. . . . . . . 30.6 Not stated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 Not stated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.0

NOTE: GED is General Educational Development high school equivalency diploma.

age-adjusted death rates for injury at work are shown for those aged 15 and over. Age-adjusted death rates for injury at work were computed using age-specific death rates and the 2000 U.S. standard population for those aged 15 and over; see ‘‘Computing rates.’’

Infant mortality Infant mortality rates are the most commonly used index for

measuring the risk of dying during the first year of life. The rates presented in this report are calculated by dividing the number of infant deaths in a calendar year by the number of live births registered for the same period, and are presented as rates per 1,000 or per 100,000 live births. For final birth figures used in the denominator for infant mortality rates, see ‘‘Births: Final Data for 2007’’ (65). In contrast to infant mortality rates based on live births, infant death rates are based on the estimated population under age 1. Infant death rates that appear in tabulations of age-specific death rates in this report are calculated by dividing the number of infant deaths by the July 1, 2007, population estimate of persons under age 1, based on 2000 census populations. These rates are presented per 100,000 population in this age group. Because of differences in the denominators, infant death rates may differ from infant mortality rates.

Another data source is available for infant mortality—the linked file of live births and infant deaths. Data from this source differs from the infant mortality data presented in this report because the linked file includes only events in which both the birth and the death occur in the United States, and late-filed births. Processing of the linked file allows for further exclusion of infant records due to duplicates and records with additional information that raise questions about an infant’s age. Although the differences are usually minuscule, infant mortality rates based on the linked file tend to be somewhat smaller than those based on data from the general mortality file as presented in this report. The linked file is the preferred source for infant mortality by race because it uses the mother’s self-reported race from the child’s birth certificate (36,37), which is more reliable than the infant’s race listed on the death certificate, and because the numerator and denominator are referring to the same person’s race.

Maternal mortality Maternal mortality rates are computed on the basis of the

number of live births. The maternal mortality rate indicates the likelihood of a pregnant woman dying of maternal causes. The rates

are calculated by dividing the number of maternal deaths in a calendar year by the number of live births registered for the same period and are presented as rates per 100,000 live births. The number of live births used in the denominator is an approximation of the population of pregnant women who are at risk of a maternal death.

Maternal deaths are defined by WHO as ‘‘the death of a woman while pregnant or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy, irre spective of the duration and the site of the pregnancy, from any cause related to or aggravated by the pregnancy or its management, but not from accidental or incidental causes’’ (6). Included in these deaths are ICD–10 codes A34, O00–O95, and O98–O99.

If a state death certificate includes a separate question regarding pregnancy status, a positive response to the question is interpreted as if ‘‘pregnant’’ were reported in Part II of the cause-of-death section of the death certificate. If a specified length of time is not provided by the medical certifier, the pregnancy is assumed to have terminated 42 days or less prior to death. Furthermore, if only indirect maternal causes of death (i.e., a previously existing disease or a disease that developed during pregnancy not due to direct obstetric causes but aggravated by physiological effects of pregnancy) are reported in Part I and pregnancy is reported in either Part I or Part II, the death is classified as a maternal death.

An evaluation study for the 1995–1997 period found that 35 per cent more maternal deaths were identified through surveillance efforts than by solely using the death certificate. A number of explanations accounted for the lower ascertainment from death certificates, including lack of information reported in the cause-of-death section, use of fewer sources, and some differences in identification (75). This differential is due, in part, to decreasing changes in the coding of indirect maternal causes under ICD–10 that accounted for a nearly 13 percent increase in maternal deaths compared with ICD–9, and the increasing use of a pregnancy status checkbox on death certificates.

The 2003 revision of the U.S. Standard Certificate of Death introduced a standard question format with categories to take advan tage of additional codes available in ICD–10 for deaths with a con nection to pregnancy, childbirth, and the puerperium. As states revise their certificates, most are expected to introduce the standard item or replace pre-existing questions with it, allowing for wider adoption of a pregnancy status item nationwide and greater standardization of the particular item used. As of 2007, 34 states and the District of Columbia have a separate question related to pregnancy status of female dece dents around the time of their death, and 2 states have a prompt

National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 19, May 20, 2010 125

encouraging certifiers to report recent pregnancies on the death cer tificate. However, at least six different questions were used in the 34 states, reflecting the mix of states using the 2003 standard format and states with pre-existing questions.

The number of maternal deaths has increased most years since 2003 as a result of direct and indirect effects of inclusion of a pregnancy status item on the 2003 version of the standard death certificate (76). For states that already had a separate question, additional guidance was provided in 2003 for identifying maternal deaths, resulting in more deaths being identified. For states that adopt the standard item, addi tional information is available for use in identifying maternal deaths.

Population bases for computing rates Populations used for computing death rates and life tables

shown in this report represent the population residing in the United States, enumerated as of April 1 for census years and estimated as of July 1 for all other years. Population estimates used to compute death rates for the United States for 2007 are shown by race for 5-year age groups in Table III and are available by single years of age at http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/mortality_tables.htm (77).

Population estimates in Table IV for Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, Central and South American, and Other Hispanic populations, and population estimates by marital status in Table V, are based on the CPS adjusted to resident population control totals for the United States (78) and, as such, are subject to sampling variation; see ‘‘Random variation.’’ The control totals used are 2000-based population estimates for the United States for July 1, 2007 (77).

Population estimates by educational attainment, shown in Table VI, are also based on the CPS adjusted to resident population control totals (78), and similarly subject to sampling variation (see ‘‘Random variation’’). The control totals used are 2000-based popu lation estimates for July 1, 2007, for the 22 states and District of Columbia that reported mortality data by educational attainment using the 2003 version of the U.S. Standard Certificate of Death, and for the 26 states that reported it using the 1989 version (77).

Population estimates for each state, shown in Table VII, were estimated from state-level postcensal population estimates based on the 2000 census, estimated as of July 1, 2007 (77). Population esti mates for Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and Northern Marianas, also shown in Table VII, are based on the 2000 census, estimated as of July 1, 2007 (79). Population estimates for each state and territory are not subject to sampling variation because the sources used in demographic analysis are complete counts.

Death rates shown in this report for 1991–2007 are based on populations consistent with the 2000 census levels (77–87). These estimates were produced under a collaborative arrangement with the U.S. Census Bureau and are based on the 2000 census counts by age, race, and sex, modified for consistency with OMB race categories as of 1977 and historical categories for death data (8). The modification procedures are described in detail elsewhere (10,11).

Computing rates Except for infant and maternal mortality rates, rates are on an

annual basis per 100,000 estimated population residing in the specified area. Infant and maternal mortality rates are per 1,000 or per 100,000 live births. Comparisons made among rates in this

report, unless otherwise specified, are statistically significant at the 0.05 level of significance. Lack of comment in this report about any two rates does not mean that the difference was tested and found not to be significant at this level.

Age-adjusted rates (R ′) are used to compare relative mortality risks among groups and over time. However, they should be viewed as relative indexes rather than as actual measures of mortality risk. They were computed by the direct method—that is, by applying age- specific death rates (Ri) to the U.S. standard population age distribution (Table VIII):

OPsi R ′ = Ri Ps i

where Psi is the standard population for age group i and Ps is the total U.S. standard population (all ages combined).

Beginning with the 1999 data year, a new population standard was adopted by NCHS for use in age-adjusting death rates. Based on the projected year 2000 population of the United States, the new standard replaces the 1940 standard population that had been used for over 50 years. The new population standard affects levels of mortality and, to some extent, trends and group comparisons. Of particular note are the effects on race mortality comparisons. For a detailed discussion, see Age Standardization of Death Rates: Implementation of the Year 2000 Standard (88). Beginning with 2003 data, the traditional standard million population along with corresponding standard weights to six decimal places were replaced by the projected year 2000 population age distribution (see Table VIII). The effect of the change is negligible and does not significantly affect comparability with age-adjusted rates cal culated using the previous method.

All age-adjusted rates shown in this report are based on the 2000 U.S. standard population. The 2000 standard population used for computing age-adjusted rates and standard errors, excluding those by marital status, education, injury at work, and the U.S. territories, is shown in Table VIII.

Age-adjusted rates by marital status were computed by applying the age-specific death rates to the U.S. standard population for those aged 25 and over. Although age-specific death rates by marital status are shown for the age group 15–24, they are not included in the calculation of age-adjusted rates because of their high variability, particularly for the widowed population. Age groups 75–84 and 85 and over are combined because of high variability in death rates in the 85-and-over age group, particularly for the never-married population. The 2000 standard population used for computing age-adjusted rates and standard errors by marital status is shown in Table IX.

Age-adjusted rates by educational attainment were computed by applying the age-specific death rates to the U.S. standard population for those aged 25–64. Data for those aged 65 and over are not shown because reporting quality is poorer for older ages (74). The year 2000 standard population used for computing age-adjusted rates and stan dard errors by education is shown in Table X.

Age-adjusted rates for injury at work were computed by applying the age-specific death rates to the U.S. standard population for those aged 15 and over. The 2000 standard population used for computing age-adjusted rates and standard errors for injury at work is shown in Table XI.

Age-adjusted rates for Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and Northern Marianas were computed by applying

Table III. Estimated population by 5-year age groups, specified by race and sex: United States, 2007 [Populations are postcensal estimates based on the 2000 census, estimated as of July 1, 2006; see ‘‘Technical Notes’’]

All races White Black American Indian or Alaska Native Asian or Pacific Islander

Age Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female

Total . . . . . . . . . . 301,621,157 148,658,898 152,962,259 243,582,944 120,734,413 122,848,531 40,028,958 19,121,492 20,907,466 3,235,707 1,615,238 1,620,469 14,773,548 7,187,755 7,585,793

Under 1 year . . . . . 1–4 years . . . . . . . 5–9 years . . . . . . . 10–14 years . . . . . 15–19 years . . . . . 20–24 years . . . . . 25–29 years . . . . . 30–34 years . . . . . 35–39 years . . . . . 40–44 years . . . . . 45–49 years . . . . . 50–54 years . . . . . 55–59 years . . . . . 60–64 years . . . . . 65–69 years . . . . . 70–74 years . . . . . 75–79 years . . . . . 80–84 years . . . . . 85 years and over . .

4,257,020 16,467,105 19,849,628 20,314,309 21,473,690 21,032,396 21,057,706 19,533,220 21,176,460 21,984,829 22,861,373 21,013,387 18,236,259 14,475,817 10,752,441

8,599,708 7,324,882 5,698,629 5,512,298

2,178,808 8,424,049

10,148,578 10,399,927 11,006,869 10,852,937 10,776,189

9,906,361 10,654,911 10,963,823 11,302,842 10,292,071

8,847,222 6,927,866 5,019,063 3,867,910 3,106,968 2,205,705 1,776,799

2,078,212 8,043,056 9,701,050 9,914,382

10,466,821 10,179,459 10,281,517

9,626,859 10,521,549 11,021,006 11,558,531 10,721,316

9,389,037 7,547,951 5,733,378 4,731,798 4,217,914 3,492,924 3,735,499

3,278,466 12,755,623 15,455,267 15,755,855 16,665,330 16,532,925 16,536,906 15,273,895 16,783,160 17,685,779 18,709,555 17,391,164 15,279,051 12,408,141

9,213,048 7,402,758 6,436,614 5,074,821 4,944,586

1,678,943 6,533,079 7,918,210 8,084,214 8,561,813 8,567,800 8,544,726 7,851,146 8,550,888 8,921,462 9,352,817 8,616,618 7,500,803 6,001,086 4,345,679 3,366,096 2,761,875 1,979,650 1,597,508

1,599,523 6,222,544 7,537,057 7,671,641 8,103,517 7,965,125 7,992,180 7,422,749 8,232,272 8,764,317 9,356,738 8,774,546 7,778,248 6,407,055 4,867,369 4,036,662 3,674,739 3,095,171 3,347,078

715,507 2,694,527 3,200,772 3,328,041 3,546,074 3,206,465 3,050,545 2,668,898 2,800,187 2,871,828 2,840,780 2,463,227 1,990,314 1,380,213 1,030,198

810,624 600,667 429,538 400,553

364,946 1,369,860 1,625,521 1,690,973 1,797,257 1,624,419 1,496,400 1,270,507 1,321,524 1,345,570 1,321,386 1,130,302

897,134 606,367 436,678 330,939 225,909 148,134 117,666

350,561 1,324,667 1,575,251 1,637,068 1,748,817 1,582,046 1,554,145 1,398,391 1,478,663 1,526,258 1,519,394 1,332,925 1,093,180

773,846 593,520 479,685 374,758 281,404 282,887

46,869 176,614 241,317 276,281 306,184 295,896 268,889 229,908 226,516 231,494 229,958 199,090 160,477 115,305 79,620 57,181 40,635 27,072 26,401

23,864 89,622

122,624 140,165 155,031 151,839 140,004 119,242 115,500 115,499 112,182 96,020 77,191 55,115 37,601 26,057 17,899 11,051 8,732

23,005 86,992

118,693 136,116 151,153 144,057 128,885 110,666 111,016 115,995 117,776 103,070

83,286 60,190 42,019 31,124 22,736 16,021 17,669

216,178 840,341 952,272 954,132 956,102 997,110

1,201,366 1,360,519 1,366,597 1,195,728 1,081,080

959,906 806,417 572,158 429,575 329,145 246,966 167,198 140,758

111,055 431,488 482,223 484,575 492,768 508,879 595,059 665,466 666,999 581,292 516,457 449,131 372,094 265,298 199,105 144,818 101,285

66,870 52,893

105,123 408,853 470,049 469,557 463,334 488,231 606,307 695,053 699,598 614,436 564,623 510,775 434,323 306,860 230,470 184,327 145,681 100,328

87,865

SOURCES: CDC/NCHS; estimates of the July 1, 2007, U.S. resident population by age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin prepared under a collaborative arrangement with the U.S. Census Bureau, 2008.

126 N

ational Vital Statistics R eports, Vol. 58, N

o. 19, M ay 20, 2010

2007 Table IV. Estimated population by 5-year age groups, according to specified Hispanic origin, race for non-Hispanic population, and sex: United States,

[Populations for all origins, Hispanic, non-Hispanic, non-Hispanic white, and non-Hispanic black are postcensal estimates based on the 2000 census, estimated as of July 1, 2007; populations for Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, Central and South American, and other and unknown Hispanic are based on the Current Population Survey adjusted to resident population control totals. Due to rounding, population estimates for Hispanic subgroups may not add to Hispanic control totals. The control totals are 2000-based population estimates for the United States for July 1, 2007; see ‘‘Technical Notes’’]

Hispanic origin, race for

non-Hispanic population, Under 1–4 5–9 10–14 15–19 20–24 25–29 30–34 35–39 40–44 45–49 50–54 55–59 60–64 65–69 70–74 75–79 80–84 85 years

and sex Total 1 year years years years years years years years years years years years years years years years years years and over

All origins . . . . 301,621,157 4,257,020 16,467,105 19,849,628 20,314,309 21,473,690 21,032,396 21,057,706 19,533,220 21,176,460 21,984,829 22,861,373 21,013,387 18,236,259 14,475,817 10,752,441 8,599,708 7,324,882 5,698,629 5,512,298 Male . . . . 148,658,898 2,178,808 8,424,049 10,148,578 10,399,927 11,006,869 10,852,937 10,776,189 9,906,361 10,654,911 10,963,823 11,302,842 10,292,071 8,847,222 6,927,866 5,019,063 3,867,910 3,106,968 2,205,705 1,776,799 Female. . . 152,962,259 2,078,212 8,043,056 9,701,050 9,914,382 10,466,821 10,179,459 10,281,517 9,626,859 10,521,549 11,021,006 11,558,531 10,721,316 9,389,037 7,547,951 5,733,378 4,731,798 4,217,914 3,492,924 3,735,499

Hispanic . . . . . 45,504,311 1,033,055 3,883,271 4,219,245 3,969,322 3,746,061 3,690,076 4,175,559 3,992,576 3,642,405 3,199,835 2,674,828 2,075,129 1,568,780 1,122,475 809,151 621,156 479,297 322,419 279,671 Male . . . 23,523,580 528,369 1,983,457 2,157,265 2,031,123 1,929,122 1,980,450 2,325,944 2,177,384 1,946,955 1,683,111 1,374,992 1,038,576 764,820 529,804 370,316 272,728 201,717 129,063 98,384 Female. . . 21,980,731 504,686 1,899,814 2,061,980 1,938,199 1,816,939 1,709,626 1,849,615 1,815,192 1,695,450 1,516,724 1,299,836 1,036,553 803,960 592,671 438,835 348,428 277,580 193,356 181,287

Mexican. . . . 29,682,376 769,435 2,796,952 2,969,479 2,730,598 2,457,086 2,440,469 2,841,146 2,671,787 2,365,202 1,937,013 1,586,257 1,286,346 904,371 603,271 422,500 364,228 260,654 151,889 123,693 Male . . . 15,594,916 405,237 1,426,896 1,496,423 1,380,557 1,262,713 1,326,223 1,595,347 1,490,659 1,298,155 1,041,840 824,213 676,264 467,255 300,142 207,403 169,603 118,607 62,301 45,078 Female. . . 14,087,460 364,198 1,370,056 1,473,056 1,350,041 1,194,373 1,114,246 1,245,799 1,181,128 1,067,047 895,173 762,044 610,082 437,116 303,129 215,097 194,625 142,047 89,588 78,615

Puerto Rican . 3,942,114 68,354 293,366 382,263 350,771 354,224 279,449 323,864 305,630 257,910 288,978 274,753 180,168 171,040 125,477 100,522 62,265 48,226 39,968 34,886 Male . . . . 1,889,539 30,763 154,515 206,645 165,489 181,004 137,293 165,276 138,596 125,442 132,115 128,677 85,802 71,917 48,534 43,853 26,244 22,811 13,721 10,842 Female. . . 2,052,575 37,591 138,851 175,618 185,282 173,220 142,156 158,588 167,034 132,468 156,863 146,076 94,366 99,123 76,943 56,669 36,021 25,415 26,247 24,044

Cuban . . . . 1,660,350 25,785 86,096 96,603 93,623 93,556 110,169 101,183 106,740 133,270 167,010 120,300 92,377 82,162 84,947 68,427 60,914 55,975 38,316 42,897 Male . . . . 850,103 18,603 41,640 50,820 53,790 44,151 57,635 51,233 56,756 71,353 89,144 74,282 39,221 38,048 47,365 35,042 23,944 21,518 15,802 19,756 Female. . . 810,247 7,182 44,456 45,783 39,833 49,405 52,534 49,950 49,984 61,917 77,866 46,018 53,156 44,114 37,582 33,385 36,970 34,457 22,514 23,141

Central and South American . . 8,051,114 128,335 544,473 587,857 612,063 659,166 704,741 771,590 760,551 727,705 666,226 541,966 392,884 307,290 223,411 160,253 91,288 73,624 51,259 46,432

Male . . . . 4,117,067 58,361 277,880 303,068 337,949 346,029 378,107 448,671 414,882 366,471 349,392 274,848 181,628 130,636 99,508 59,474 33,721 23,483 21,081 11,878 Female. . . 3,934,047 69,974 266,593 284,789 274,114 313,137 326,634 322,919 345,669 361,234 316,834 267,118 211,256 176,654 123,903 100,779 57,567 50,141 30,178 34,554

Other Hispanic . . . 2,168,400 41,148 162,383 183,047 182,261 182,035 155,256 137,768 147,868 158,322 140,603 151,561 123,368 103,913 85,375 57,452 42,463 40,823 40,989 31,765

Male . . . . 1,072,001 15,406 82,524 100,315 93,341 95,227 81,197 65,415 76,495 85,540 70,619 72,979 55,674 56,966 34,258 24,544 19,218 15,299 16,158 10,826 Female. . . 1,096,399 25,742 79,859 82,732 88,920 86,808 74,059 72,353 71,373 72,782 69,984 78,582 67,694 46,947 51,117 32,908 23,245 25,524 24,831 20,939

Non-Hispanic1 . . 256,116,846 3,223,965 12,583,834 15,630,383 16,344,987 17,727,629 17,342,320 16,882,147 15,540,644 17,534,055 18,784,994 20,186,545 18,938,258 16,667,479 13,353,342 9,943,290 7,978,552 6,845,585 5,376,210 5,232,627 Male . . . . 125,135,318 1,650,439 6,440,592 7,991,313 8,368,804 9,077,747 8,872,487 8,450,245 7,728,977 8,707,956 9,280,712 9,927,850 9,253,495 8,082,402 6,398,062 4,648,747 3,595,182 2,905,251 2,076,642 1,678,415 Female. . . 130,981,528 1,573,526 6,143,242 7,639,070 7,976,183 8,649,882 8,469,833 8,431,902 7,811,667 8,826,099 9,504,282 10,258,695 9,684,763 8,585,077 6,955,280 5,294,543 4,383,370 3,940,334 3,299,568 3,554,212

White . . . . . 201,192,088 2,322,476 9,119,428 11,510,172 12,099,624 13,213,933 13,110,538 12,646,303 11,538,854 13,380,351 14,700,986 16,215,851 15,459,460 13,816,279 11,356,774 8,452,418 6,817,597 5,982,983 4,768,812 4,679,249 Male . . . . 98,774,343 1,190,041 4,676,075 5,900,639 6,212,664 6,782,639 6,726,470 6,369,087 5,805,331 6,723,574 7,345,002 8,066,435 7,647,848 6,786,777 5,504,334 3,997,216 3,108,848 2,570,500 1,856,784 1,504,079 Female. . . 102,417,745 1,132,435 4,443,353 5,609,533 5,886,960 6,431,294 6,384,068 6,277,216 5,733,523 6,656,777 7,355,984 8,149,416 7,811,612 7,029,502 5,852,440 4,455,202 3,708,749 3,412,483 2,912,028 3,175,170

Black . . . . . 38,147,294 659,172 2,521,079 3,031,871 3,142,101 3,373,761 3,054,919 2,886,177 2,518,189 2,657,673 2,744,584 2,735,123 2,378,085 1,926,615 1,336,947 999,595 787,415 584,108 418,787 391,093 Male . . . . 18,192,572 336,123 1,281,030 1,539,424 1,596,170 1,709,634 1,546,015 1,412,079 1,197,198 1,253,127 1,284,267 1,271,210 1,089,922 867,231 586,683 423,192 321,093 219,368 144,203 114,603 Female. . . 19,954,722 323,049 1,240,049 1,492,447 1,545,931 1,664,127 1,508,904 1,474,098 1,320,991 1,404,546 1,460,317 1,463,913 1,288,163 1,059,384 750,264 576,403 466,322 364,740 274,584 276,490

1Includes races other than white and black.

SOURCES: CDC/NCHS; population estimates for specified Hispanic subgroups based on unpublished tabulations prepared by the Housing and Household Economic Statistics Division, U.S. Bureau of the Census, 2009; population estimates for all origins, Hispanic, non-Hispanic, non-Hispanic white, and non-Hispanic black prepared under a collaborative arrangement with the U.S. Census Bureau, 2008.

N ational Vital Statistics R

eports, Vol. 58, N o. 19, M

ay 20, 2010 127

128 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 19, May 20, 2010

Table V. Estimated population for ages 15 years and over by marital status, 10-year age groups, and sex: United States, 2007 [Population estimates are based on the Current Population Survey adjusted to resident population controls for the United States. The control totals used are 2000-based population estimates for the United States for July 1, 2007]

15 years 15–24 25–34 35–44 45–54 55–64 65–74 75 years Marital status and sex and over years years years years years years and over

All races . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240,733,066 42,506,083 40,590,928 43,161,286 43,874,774 32,712,069 19,352,128 18,535,798 Never married . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,241,086 38,268,877 16,448,366 7,494,877 5,291,698 2,249,292 809,692 678,284 Ever married . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169,491,980 4,237,206 24,142,562 35,666,409 38,583,076 30,462,777 18,542,436 17,857,514

Married . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131,155,048 3,903,625 21,778,655 30,183,745 30,696,158 23,276,717 12,936,228 8,379,920 Widowed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,076,764 35,798 119,611 339,914 913,589 1,861,553 3,368,151 8,438,148 Divorced . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,260,168 297,783 2,244,296 5,142,750 6,973,329 5,324,507 2,238,057 1,039,446

All races, male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117,507,535 21,859,805 20,682,543 21,618,736 21,594,918 15,775,083 8,886,976 7,089,474 Never married . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38,990,932 20,266,645 9,538,405 4,418,671 2,999,711 1,117,611 385,005 264,884 Ever married . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78,516,603 1,593,160 11,144,138 17,200,065 18,595,207 14,657,472 8,501,971 6,824,590

Married . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65,747,275 1,468,461 10,178,151 14,836,110 15,241,421 12,105,211 6,987,988 4,929,933 Widowed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,935,817 13,073 21,295 91,425 224,436 359,157 665,876 1,560,555 Divorced . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,833,511 111,626 944,692 2,272,530 3,129,350 2,193,104 848,107 334,102

All races, female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123,225,531 20,646,278 19,908,385 21,542,550 22,279,856 16,936,986 10,465,152 11,446,324 Never married . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,250,154 18,002,232 6,909,961 3,076,206 2,291,987 1,131,681 424,687 413,400 Ever married . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90,975,377 2,644,046 12,998,424 18,466,344 19,987,869 15,805,305 10,040,465 11,032,924

Married . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65,407,773 2,435,164 11,600,504 15,347,635 15,454,737 11,171,506 5,948,240 3,449,987 Widowed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,140,947 22,725 98,316 248,489 689,153 1,502,396 2,702,275 6,877,593 Divorced . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,426,657 186,157 1,299,604 2,870,220 3,843,979 3,131,403 1,389,950 705,344

SOURCE: Population estimates based on unpublished tabulations prepared by the Housing and Household Economic Statistics Division of the U.S. Census Bureau, 2009.

Table VI. Estimated population for ages 25–64 years, by educational attainment and sex: Total of 22 reporting states and the District of Columbia using the 2003 version of the U.S. Standard Certificate of Death and total of 26 reporting states using the 1989 version of the U.S. Standard Certificate of Death, 2007 [Population estimates are based on the Current Population Survey adjusted to resident population controls. The control totals used are 2000-based population estimates for reporting states for July 1, 2007; see ‘‘Technical Notes’’]

22 reporting states and the District of Columbia1 using the 2003 version of the Standard Certificate of Death

25–64 25–34 35–44 45–54 55–64 Education level and sex years years years years years

All races

Both sexes . . . . . . . . . . 87,382,054 22,384,308 23,870,966 23,735,821 17,390,959 Less than high school

diploma or GED . . . . . 11,140,785 3,110,670 3,084,400 2,841,294 2,104,421 High school diploma

or GED . . . . . . . . . . 25,072,693 6,101,224 6,770,444 7,234,128 4,966,897 Some college or

collegiate degree. . . . . 51,168,576 13,172,414 14,016,122 13,660,399 10,319,641

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43,397,569 11,393,759 11,986,827 11,738,301 8,278,682 Less than high school

diploma or GED . . . . . 5,992,226 1,786,456 1,706,433 1,508,477 990,860 High school diploma

or GED . . . . . . . . . . 12,886,518 3,445,917 3,594,186 3,701,293 2,145,122 Some college or

collegiate degree. . . . . 24,518,825 6,161,386 6,686,208 6,528,531 5,142,700

Female. . . . . . . . . . . . . 43,984,485 10,990,549 11,884,139 11,997,520 9,112,277 Less than high school

diploma or GED . . . . . 5,148,559 1,324,214 1,377,967 1,332,817 1,113,561 High school diploma

or GED . . . . . . . . . . 12,186,175 2,655,307 3,176,258 3,532,835 2,821,775 Some college or

collegiate degree. . . . . 26,649,751 7,011,028 7,329,914 7,131,868 5,176,941

26 reporting states2 using the 1989 version of the Standard Certificate of Death

Years of school 25–64 25–34 35–44 45–54 55–64 completed and sex years years years years years

All races

Both sexes . . . . . . . . 67,077,697 16,674,345 17,620,711 18,610,198 14,172,443

Under 12 years . . . . 7,153,493 1,799,892 1,766,470 1,863,283 1,723,848

12 years . . . . . . . . 21,519,658 4,973,330 5,425,004 6,358,877 4,762,447

13 years or more . . . 38,404,546 9,901,123 10,429,237 10,388,038 7,686,148

Male. . . . . . . . . . . . 33,367,990 8,490,542 8,788,303 9,136,647 6,952,498

Under 12 years . . . . 3,982,065 1,051,068 1,025,696 1,006,178 899,123

12 years . . . . . . . . 11,101,329 2,815,143 2,895,342 3,265,298 2,125,546

13 years or more . . . 18,284,596 4,624,331 4,867,265 4,865,171 3,927,829

Female . . . . . . . . . . 33,709,707 8,183,803 8,832,408 9,473,551 7,219,945

Under 12 years . . . . 3,171,428 748,824 740,774 857,105 824,725

12 years . . . . . . . . 10,418,329 2,158,187 2,529,662 3,093,579 2,636,901

13 years or more . . . 20,119,950 5,276,792 5,561,972 5,522,867 3,758,319

1Includes data for California, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Idaho, Kansas, Michigan, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, South Carolina, South Dakota, Texas, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ 2Includes data for Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, Colorado, Hawaii, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nevada, North Carolina, North Dakota, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Vermont, Virginia, Wisconsin, and West Virginia; see ‘‘Technical Notes.’’

SOURCE: Population estimates based on unpublished tabulations prepared by the Housing and Household Economic Statistics Division, U.S. Bureau of the Census, 2009.

National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 19, May 20, 2010 129

Table VII. Estimated population for the United States, each state, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and Northern Marianas, 2007 [Populations are postcensal estimates produced in 2008 based on the 2000 census estimated as of July 1, 2007]

Area Total

United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alaska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Connecticut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Delaware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . District of Columbia. . . . . . . . . . Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Idaho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iowa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . Michigan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

301,621,157

4,627,851 683,478

6,338,755 2,834,797

36,553,215 4,861,515 3,502,309

864,764 588,292

18,251,243 9,544,750 1,283,388 1,499,402

12,852,548 6,345,289 2,988,046 2,775,997 4,241,474 4,293,204 1,317,207 5,618,344 6,449,755

10,071,822 5,197,621 2,918,785 5,878,415

957,861 1,774,571

Area Total

Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,565,382 New Hampshire . . . . . . . . . . . 1,315,828 New Jersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,685,920 New Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,969,915 New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,297,729 North Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,061,032 North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . 639,715 Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,466,917 Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,617,316 Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,747,455 Pennsylvania . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,432,792 Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,057,832 South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,407,709 South Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . 796,214 Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,156,719 Texas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,904,380 Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,645,330 Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 621,254 Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,712,091 Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,468,424 West Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,812,035 Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,601,640 Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 522,830

Puerto Rico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,942,375 Virgin Islands . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109,821 Guam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173,456 American Samoa . . . . . . . . . . 64,025 Northern Marianas . . . . . . . . . . 84,546

SOURCES: CDC/NCHS; estimates of the July 1, 2007, U.S. resident population by age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin prepared under a collaborative arrangement with the U.S. Census Bureau, 2008.

Table VIII. United States standard population Age Population

All ages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under 1 year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1–4 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5–14 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15–24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25–34 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35–44 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45–54 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55–64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65–74 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75–84 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 years and over . . . . . . . . . . . . .

274,633,642

3,794,901 15,191,619 39,976,619 38,076,743 37,233,437 44,659,185 37,030,152 23,961,506 18,135,514 12,314,793

4,259,173

Table IX. United States standard population for ages 25 years and over

Age Population

25 years and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177,593,760 25–34 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37,233,437 35–44 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44,659,185 45–54 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37,030,152 55–64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,961,506 65–74 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,135,514 75 years and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,573,966

a n o

Table X. United States standard population for ages 25–64 years

Age Population

25–64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142,884,280 25–34 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37,233,437 35–44 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44,659,185 45–54 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37,030,152 55–64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,961,506

the age-specific death rates to the U.S. standard population. Age groups for age 75 and over were combined because population counts were unavailable by age group over 75 years. The 2000 standard population used for computing age-adjusted rates and standard errors for the territories is shown in Table XII.

Using the same standard population, death rates for the total population and for each race-sex group were adjusted separately. The age-adjusted rates were based on 10-year age groups. Age-adjusted death rates are not comparable with crude rates.

Death rates for the Hispanic population are based only on events to persons reported as Hispanic. Rates for non-Hispanic white persons

re based on the sum of all events to white decedents reported as on-Hispanic and white decedents with origin not stated. Hispanic rigin is not imputed if it is not reported.

130 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 19, May 20, 2010

Table XI. United States standard population for ages 15 years and over

Age Population

15 years and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215,670,503 15–24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38,076,743 25–34 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37,233,437 35–44 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44,659,185 45–54 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37,030,152 55–64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,961,506 65 years and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,709,480

Random variation The mortality data presented in this report, with the exception of

data for 1972, are not subject to sampling error. In 1972, mortality data were based on a 50 percent sample of deaths because of resource constraints. Mortality data, even based on complete counts, may be affected by random variation—that is, the number of deaths that actually occurred may be considered as one of a large series of possible results that could have arisen under the same circumstances (89,90). When the number of deaths is small, perhaps fewer than 100, random variation tends to be relatively large. Therefore, consid erable caution must be observed in interpreting statistics based on small numbers of deaths.

Measuring random variability—To quantify the random variation associated with mortality statistics, an assumption must be made regarding the appropriate underlying distribution. Deaths, as infrequent events, can be viewed as deriving from a Poisson probability distri bution. The Poisson distribution is simple conceptually and computa tionally, and provides reasonable, conservative variance estimates for mortality statistics when the probability of dying is relatively low (89). Using the properties of the Poisson distribution, the standard error (SE) associated with the number of deaths (D) is:

1. SE(D) = √var(D) = √D where var(D) denotes the variance of D. The standard error associated with crude and age-specific death rates (R) assumes that the population denominator (P) is a constant and is:

Œ ( ) Œ ŒD R 2. SE(R) = var = 1 var(D) = D P P 2 P 2 = √D

Table XII. United States standard population for the territories

Age Population

All ages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274,633,642

Under 1 year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,794,901 1–4 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,191,619 5–14 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39,976,619 15–24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38,076,743 25–34 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37,233,437 35–44 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44,659,185 45–54 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37,030,152 55–64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,961,506 65–74 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,135,514 75 years and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,573,966

The coefficient of variation or relative standard error (RSE) is a useful measure of relative variation. The RSE is calculated by dividing the statistic (e.g., number of deaths, death rate) into its standard error and multiplying by 100. For the number of deaths:

Œ For crude and age-specific death rates:

SE(D) √D RSE(D) = 100 = 100 = 100 1

D D D

ŒSE(R) R / √D 1 RSE(R) = 100 = 100 = 100R R D Thu

Œ The standard error of the age-adjusted death rate (R ′) is:

Œ Œ where:

1 3. RSE(D) = RSE(R) = 100 D

2 24. SE(R ′) = ∑( ) var (Ri) = ∑ Psi RiPs Psi 2 {( ) ( )}

i i Ps Di

+ Ri is the age-specific rate for the i th age group + Psi is the age-specific standard population for the i th age group

from the U.S. standard population age distribution (see Table VIII and age-adjusted death rate under ‘‘Definition of terms’’)

+ Ps is the total U.S. standard population (all ages combined) + Di is the number of deaths for the i th age group

The RSE for the age-adjusted rate, RSE(R ′), is calculated by dividing SE(R ′) from Formula 4 by the age-adjusted death rate, R ′, and multiplying by 100:

SE(R ′) RSE(R ′) = 100 R ′

For tables showing infant and maternal mortality rates based on live births (B) in the denominator, calculation of the standard error assumes random variability in both the numerator and denominator. The standard error for the infant mortality rate (IMR) is:

Œ Œ where the number of births, B, is also assumed to be distributed according to a Poisson distribution and E(B) is the expectation of B. The RSE for the IMR is:

Œ For maternal mortality rates, Formulas 5 and 6 may be used,

substituting the maternal mortality rate for the IMR. Formulas 1–6 may be used for all tables presented in this report

except for death rates and age-adjusted death rates shown in Tables 5, 25, and 26, which are calculated using population figures that are subject to sampling error.

Tables 5, 25, and 26—Death rates for Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, and Other Hispanic populations in Table 5, by marital status in Table 25, and by educational attainment in Table 26 are based on population estimates derived from the CPS for 2007 and adjusted to

D 2 5. SE(IMR) =

var(D) + IMR c var(B) =

E(B)2 B 2 +

B 3

SE(IMR) 1 6. RSE(IMR) = 100 = 100 D

1 +IMR B

National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 19, May 20, 2010 131

resident population control totals. As a result, the rates are subject to sampling variability in the denominator as well as random variability in the numerator.

For crude and age-specific death rates (R), the standard error is calculated as:

Œ For age-adjusted death rates (R ′)

{(Œ ) [ ( )]} where a and b in Formulas 7 and 8 represent parameters presented in Table XIII, which are derived from the CPS data for 2007 and 2008 and vary depending on the subgroup of interest (91,92).

Suppression of unreliable rates—Beginning with 1989 data, an asterisk is shown in place of a crude or age-specific death rate based on fewer than 20 deaths, the equivalent of an RSE of 23 percent or more. The limit of 20 deaths is a convenient, if somewhat arbitrary, benchmark, below which rates are considered to be too statistically unreliable for presentation. For infant and maternal mortality rates, the same threshold of fewer than 20 deaths is used to determine whether an asterisk is presented in place of the rate. For age-adjusted death rates, the suppression criterion is based on the sum of age-specific deaths; that is, if the sum of the age-specific deaths is less than 20, an asterisk replaces the rate. These procedures are used throughout this report except for death rates shown in Tables 5, 25, and 26.

In Tables 5, 25, and 26, sampling variability in the population denominator has a substantial impact on the overall variability in the death rate. Therefore, the number of deaths in the numerator is not used as the sole suppression factor. RSEs for rates shown in Tables 5, 25, and 26 are derived from Formulas 7 and 8 by dividing the result of Formula 7 by the crude/age-specific rate, and the result of Formula 8 by the age-adjusted rate, and then multiplying by 100. Rates are replaced by asterisks if the calculated RSE is 23 percent or more. In

b 7. SE(R) = R D

1 + 0.67 (a + )P

Psi 2 1 b 8. SE(R ′) = ∑ R 2 + 0.67 a + Ps i Di Pii

Table XIII. Current Population Survey standard error parameter

Total

Characteristic a

Table 5 All origins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hispanic subgroups (Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban,

Central and South American, and Other Hispanic). . . . . . .

0.000000

. . .

Tables 25 All marital status groups combined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Marital status subgroups (never married, ever

married, married, widowed, divorced) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

0.000000

–0.000009

Table 26 All education groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Education subgroups (under 12 years, 12 years,

13 years or more). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

0.000000

–0.000005

. . . Category not applicable.

SOURCE: The a and b parameters are averages of the 2007 and 2008 Current Population Survey stand

some cases, for smaller population subgroups, the estimated sample population from the CPS may be zero, even though deaths are pre sented for the subgroups. In these cases, the death rate is incalculable and automatically replaced with an asterisk.

Confidence intervals and statistical tests based on 100 deaths or more—When the number of deaths is large, a normal approximation may be used in calculating confidence intervals and statistical tests. How large, in terms of number of deaths, is to some extent subjective. In general, for crude and age-specific death rates and for infant and maternal mortality rates, the normal approximation performs well when the number of deaths is 100 or greater. For age-adjusted rates, the criterion for use of the normal approximation is somewhat more com plicated (63,88,93). Formula 9 is used to calculate 95 percent confi dence limits for the death rate when the normal approximation is appropriate:

9. L(R) = R – 1.96(SE(R)) and U(R) = R + 1.96(SE(R))

where L(R) and U(R) are the lower and upper limits of the confidence interval, respectively. The resulting 95 percent confidence interval can be interpreted to mean that the chances are 95 in 100 that the ‘‘true’’ death rate falls between L(R) and U(R). For example, suppose that the crude death rate for Malignant neoplasms is 186.6 per 100,000 population based on 562,875 deaths. Lower and upper 95 percent confidence limits using Formula 9 are calculated as:

L(186.6) = 186.6 – 1.96(.25) = 186.1 and U(186.6) = 186.6 + 1.96(.25) = 187.1

Thus, the chances are 95 in 100 that the true death rate for malignant neoplasms is between 186.2 and 187.0. Formula 9 can also be used to calculate 95 percent confidence intervals for the number of deaths, age-adjusted death rates, infant mortality rates, and other mortality statistics when the normal approximation is appropriate by replacing R with D, R ′, IMR, or others.

When testing the difference between two rates, R1 and R2 (each based on 100 or more deaths), the normal approximation may be used to calculate a test statistic, z, such that:

s for death rates in Tables 5, 25, and 26 White, black, non- Hispanic white, or non-Hispanic black Hispanic

b a b a b

. . .

0.000000

. . .

0.000000

–0.000084

3,809

2,652

. . .

1,206

. . .

ard error parameters.

http:1.96(.25

132 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 19, May 20, 2010

R1 – R 2 z =

√SE(R )2 1 + SE(R2 )2 10.

If ?z ? ≥ 1.96, then the difference between the rates is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. If ?z ? < 1.96, then the difference is not statistically significant. Formula 10 can also be used to perform tests for other mortality statistics when the normal approximation is appropriate (when both statistics being compared meet the normal criteria) by replacing R1 and R2 with D1 and D2, R ′1 and R ′2 , or others. For example, suppose that the male age-adjusted death rate for Malignant neoplasms of trachea, bronchus, and lung (lung cancer) is 67.0 per 100,000 U.S. standard population in 2006 (R1) and 65.1 per 100,000 U.S. standard population in 2007 (R2). The standard error for each of these figures, SE(R1) and SE(R2), is calculated using Formula 4. A test using Formula 10 can determine if the decrease in the age-adjusted rate is statistically significant:

Because z = 5.98 > 1.96, the decrease from 2006 to 2007 in the male age-adjusted death rate for lung cancer is statistically significant.

Confidence intervals and statistical tests based on fewer than 100 deaths—When the number of deaths is not large (fewer than 100), the Poisson distribution cannot be approximated by the normal distribution. The normal distribution is symmetrical, with a range from – ∞ to + ∞. As a result, confidence intervals based on the normal distribution also have this range. The number of deaths or the death rate, however, cannot be less than zero. When the number of deaths is very small, approximating confidence intervals for deaths and death rates using the normal distribution will sometimes produce lower confidence limits that are negative. The Poisson distribution, in contrast, is an asymmetric distribution with zero as a lower bound—confidence limits based on this distribution will never be less than zero. A simple method based on the more general family of gamma distributions, of which the Poisson is a member, can be used to approximate confidence intervals for deaths and death rates when the number of deaths is small (88,93). For more information regarding how the gamma method is derived, see ‘‘Deri vation of the gamma method’’ at the end of this section.

Calculations using the gamma method can be made using com monly available spreadsheet programs or statistical software (e.g., Excel, SAS) that include an inverse gamma function. In Excel, the function ‘‘gammainv (probability, alpha, beta)’’ returns values associ ated with the inverse gamma function for a given probability between 0 and 1. For 95 percent confidence limits, the probability associated with the lower limit is .05/2 = .025 and with the upper limit, 1-(.05/2) = .975. Alpha and beta are parameters associated with the gamma distribution. For the number of deaths and crude and age-specific death rates, alpha = D (the number of deaths) and beta = 1. In Excel, the following formulas can be used to calculate lower and upper 95 percent confidence limits for the number of deaths and crude and age-specific death rates:

L(D) = GAMMAINV(.025, D, 1) and U(D) = GAMMAINV(.975, D+1, 1)

Confidence limits for the death rate are then calculated by dividing L(D) and U(D) by the population (P) at risk of dying (see Formula 17).

67.0 – 65.1 z = = 5.98

√(0.227)2 + (0.222)2

Alternatively, 95 percent confidence limits can be estimated using the lower and upper confidence limit factors shown in Table XIV. For the number of deaths, D, and the death rate, R,

11. L(D) = L x D and U(D) = U x D

12. L(R) = L x R and U(R) = U x R

where L and U in both formulas are the lower and upper confidence limit factors that correspond to the appropriate number of deaths, D, in Table XIV. For example, suppose that the death rate for AIAN females aged 1–4 is 46.0 per 100,000 and based on 40 deaths. Applying Formula 12, values for L and U from Table XIV for 40 deaths are multiplied by the death rate, 46.0, such that:

L(R) = L (46.0) = 0.714415 x 46.0 = 32.9 and U(R) = U (46.0) = 1.361716 x 46.0 = 62.6

These confidence limits indicate that the chances are 95 out of 100 that the actual death rate for AIAN females aged 1–4 is between 32.9 and 62.6 per 100,000.

Although the calculations are similar, confidence intervals based on small numbers for age-adjusted death rates, infant and maternal mortality rates, and rates that are subject to sampling variability in the denominator are somewhat more complicated (63,88). Refer to the most recent version of the Mortality Technical Appendix for more details at http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/vsus.htm#appendices.

When comparing the difference between two rates (R1 and R2), where one or both of the rates are based on fewer than 100 deaths, a comparison of 95 percent confidence intervals may be used as a statistical test. If the 95 percent confidence intervals do not overlap, then the difference can be said to be statistically significant at the 0.05 level. A simple rule of thumb is: If R1 > R2, then test if L(R1) >U(R2), or if R2 > R1, then test if L(R2) > U(R1). Positive tests denote statistical significance at the 0.05 level. For example, suppose that AIAN females aged 1–4 have a death rate (R1) of 46.0 based on 40 deaths and API females aged 1–4 years have a death rate (R2) of 17.9 per 100,000 based on 73 deaths. The 95 percent confidence limits for R1 and R2 calculated using Formula 12 would be:

L(R1) = L (46.0) = 0.714415 x 46.0 = 32.9 and U(R1) = U 1(46.0) = 1.361716 x 46.0 = 62.6

L(R2) = L (17.9) = 0.783840 x 17.9 = 14.0 and U(R2) = U (17.9) = 1.257350 x 17.9 = 22.5

Because R1 > R2 and L(R1) > U (R2), it can be concluded that the difference between the death rates for AIAN females aged 1–4 and API females of the same age is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. That is, taking into account random variability, API females aged 1–4 have a death rate significantly lower than that for AIAN females of the same age.

This test may also be used to perform tests for other statistics when the normal approximation is not appropriate for one or both of the statistics being compared, by replacing R1 and R2 with D1 and D2, R ′1 and R ′2 , or others.

Users of the method of comparing confidence intervals should be aware that this method is a conservative test for statistical significance—the difference between two rates may, in fact, be sta tistically significant even though confidence intervals for the two rates

http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/vsus.htm#appendices

National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 19, May 20, 2010 133

Table XIV. number of

Lower and upper 95 deaths is less than

percent 100

confidence limit factors for the number of deaths and death rate when the

Number of deaths (D)

Lower confidence

limit (L)

Upper confidence

limit (U)

Number of deaths (D)

Lower confidence

limit (L)

Upper confidence

limit (U)

1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

0.025318 0.121105 0.206224 0.272466 0.324697 0.366982 0.402052 0.431729 0.457264 0.479539 0.499196 0.516715 0.532458 0.546709 0.559692 0.571586 0.582537 0.592663 0.602065 0.610826 0.619016 0.626695 0.633914 0.640719 0.647147 0.653233 0.659006 0.664493 0.669716 0.674696 0.679451 0.683999 0.688354 0.692529 0.696537 0.700388 0.704092 0.707660 0.711098 0.714415 0.717617 0.720712 0.723705 0.726602 0.729407 0.732126 0.734762 0.737321 0.739806 0.742219

5.571643 3.612344 2.922424 2.560397 2.333666 2.176579 2.060382 1.970399 1.898311 1.839036 1.789276 1.746799 1.710030 1.677830 1.649348 1.623937 1.601097 1.580431 1.561624 1.544419 1.528606 1.514012 1.500491 1.487921 1.476197 1.465232 1.454947 1.445278 1.436167 1.427562 1.419420 1.411702 1.404372 1.397400 1.390758 1.384422 1.378368 1.372578 1.367033 1.361716 1.356613 1.351709 1.346993 1.342453 1.338079 1.333860 1.329788 1.325855 1.322053 1.318375

51 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

0.744566 0.746848 0.749069 0.751231 0.753337 0.755389 0.757390 0.759342 0.761246 0.763105 0.764921 0.766694 0.768427 0.770122 0.771779 0.773400 0.774986 0.776539 0.778060 0.779549 0.781008 0.782438 0.783840 0.785215 0.786563 0.787886 0.789184 0.790459 0.791709 0.792938 0.794144 0.795330 0.796494 0.797639 0.798764 0.799871 0.800959 0.802029 0.803082 0.804118 0.805138 0.806141 0.807129 0.808102 0.809060 0.810003 0.810933 0.811848 0.812751

1.314815 1.311367 1.308025 1.304783 1.301637 1.298583 1.295616 1.292732 1.289927 1.287198 1.284542 1.281955 1.279434 1.276978 1.274582 1.272245 1.269965 1.267738 1.265564 1.263440 1.261364 1.259335 1.257350 1.255408 1.253509 1.251649 1.249828 1.248045 1.246298 1.244587 1.242909 1.241264 1.239650 1.238068 1.236515 1.234992 1.233496 1.232028 1.230586 1.229170 1.227778 1.226411 1.225068 1.223747 1.222448 1.221171 1.219915 1.218680 1.217464

overlap (94). Caution should be observed when interpreting a non significant difference between two rates, especially when the lower and upper limits being compared overlap only slightly.

Derivation of the gamma method—For a random variable X that follows a gamma distribution Γ(y,z), where y and z are the parameters that determine the shape of the distribution (95), E(X) = yz and Var(X) = yz2. For the number of deaths, D, E (D) = D and Var (D) = D. It follows that y = D and z = 1, and thus:

13. D ~ Γ(D,1)

From Equation 13, it is clear that the shape of the distribution of deaths depends only on the number of deaths.

For the death rate, R, E(R ) = R and Var (R ) = D/P 2. It follows, in P –1this case, that y = D and z = , and thus:

P –114. R ~ Γ(D, )

A useful property of the gamma distribution is that for X ~ Γ(y,z), X can be divided by z such that X/z ~ Γ(y,1). This converts the gamma distribution into a simplified, standard form, dependent only on parameter y. Expressing Equation 14 in its simplified form gives:

R 15.

P –1 = D ~ Γ(D,1)

134 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 19, May 20, 2010

Acknowledgments

This report was prepared in the Division of Vital Statistics under the general direction of Robert N. Anderson, Chief, Mortality Statistics Branch (MSB). Elizabeth Arias of MSB provided content related to life expectancy. Robert N. Anderson and Sherry Murphy of MSB, David W. Justice of the Data Acquisition and Evaluation Branch (DAEB), and Donna E. Glenn of the Mortality Medical Classification Branch (MMCB) contributed to the ‘‘Technical Notes.’’ The Systems, Programming, and Statistical Resources Branch (SPSRB) provided computer programming support and produced statistical tables under the general direction of Nicholas F. Pace, Chief, SPSRB. Jaleh Mousavi and Dave Johnson of SPSRB prepared the final mortality file. Candace Cosgrove, Jordan Sacks, Annie Liu, Bonita Gross, Jaleh Mousavi, and John Birken of SPSRB produced statistical tables. Annie Liu managed the population data. Staff of MSB provided content and table review. Vanetta Harrington of SPSRB provided content review. Registration Methods staff and staff of DAEB provided consultation to state vital statistics offices regarding collection of the death certificate data on which this report is based. This report was edited by Jane Sudol, Demarius V. Miller, and Laura Drescher of CDC/NCHM/Division of Creative Services, Writer-Editor Services Branch, and typeset by Jacqueline M. Davis of CDC/OSELS/NCHS/OD/Office of Informa tion Services, Information Design and Publishing Staff. Graphics were produced by Zorica Tomic-Whalen of CDC/OSELS/NCHS/OD/Office of Infor mation Services, Information Design and Publishing Staff, NOVA contractor.

From Equation 15, it is clear that the shape of the distribution of the death rate is also dependent solely on the number of deaths.

Using the results of Equations 13 and 15, the inverse gamma distribution can be used to to calculate upper and lower confidence limits. Lower and upper 100(1–α) percent confidence limits for the number of deaths, L(D) and U(D), are estimated as:

16. L(D) = Γ–1(D,1)(α / 2) and U(D) = Γ–1(D+1,1)(1–α / 2)

where Γ–1 represents the inverse of the gamma distribution and D+1 in the formula for U(D) reflects a continuity correction, which is necessary because D is a discrete random variable and the gamma distribution is a continuous distribution. For a 95 percent confidence interval, α = .05. For the death rate, it can be shown that:

L(D) U(D) 17. L(R) = and U(R) =P P For more detail regarding the derivation of the gamma method and

its application to age-adjusted death rates and other mortality statistics, see ‘‘References’’ (63,88,93).

Availability of mortality data Mortality data are available in publications, unpublished tables,

and electronic products as described on the NCHS mortality website at http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/deaths.htm. More detailed analysis than this report provides can be derived from the mortality public-use data set issued each data year. Since 1968, the data set has been available through NCHS in ASCII format and can now be downloaded from http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data_access/Vitalstatsonline.htm. Addi tional resources available from NCHS include Vital Statistics of the United States, Mortality; Vital and Health Statistics, Series 20 reports; and National Vital Statistics Reports.

Definition of terms Infant deaths—Deaths of infants under age 1. Neonatal deaths—Deaths of infants aged 0–27 days. Postneonatal deaths—Deaths of infants aged 28 days–1 year. Crude death rate—Total deaths per 100,000 population for a

specified period. This rate represents the average chance of dying during a specified period for persons in the entire population.

Age-specific death rate—Deaths per 100,000 population in a specified age group, such as ages 1–4 or 5–9, for a specified period.

Age-adjusted death rate—The death rate used to make compari sons of relative mortality risks across groups and over time. This rate should be viewed as a construct or an index rather than a direct or actual measure of mortality risk. Statistically, it is a weighted average of age-specific death rates, where the weights represent the fixed population proportions by age.

http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data_access/Vitalstatsonline.htm

http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/deaths.htm

136 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 19, May 20, 2010

Contents

Abstract. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Highlights. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Mortality experience in 2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Trends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Results and Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Deaths and death rates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Death rates by age and sex. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Expectation of life at birth and at specified ages . . . . . . . . . . 6 Leading causes of death . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Injury mortality by mechanism and intent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Drug-induced mortality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Alcohol-induced mortality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Marital status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Educational attainment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Injury at work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 State of residence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Infant mortality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Maternal mortality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 List of Detailed Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Technical Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117

Suggested citation

Xu JQ, Kochanek KD, Murphy SL, Tejada-Vera B. Deaths: Final data for 2007. National vital statistics reports; vol 58 no 19. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. 2010.

All material appearing in this report is in the public domain and may be reproduced or copied without permission; citation as to source, however, is appreciated.

National Center for Health Statistics

Edward J. Sondik, Ph.D., Director Jennifer H. Madans, Ph.D., Associate Director for Science

Division of Vital Statistics Charles J. Rothwell, M.S., Director

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH & HUMAN SERVICES Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Health Statistics 3311 Toledo Road Hyattsville, MD 20782

MEDIA MAIL POSTAGE & FEES PAID

CDC/NCHS PERMIT NO. G-284

OFFICIAL BUSINESS PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE, $300

To receive this publication regularly, contact the National Center for Health Statistics by calling 1–800–232–4636 E-mail: [email protected] Internet: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs

CS214193 T37218 (05/2010) DHHS Publication No. (PHS) 2010–1120

http://www.cdc.gov/nchs

mailto:[email protected]

Contents
Abstract
Highlights

Mortality experience in 2007
Trends

Introduction
Methods
Results and Discussion

Deaths and death rates
Death rates by age and sex
Expectation of life at birth and at specified ages
Leading causes of death
Injury mortality by mechanism and intent
Drug-induced mortality
Alcohol-induced mortality
Marital status
Educational attainment
Injury at work
State of residence
Infant mortality
Maternal mortality

References
List of Detailed Tables
Technical Notes

Nature and sources of data
Cause-of-death classification
Tabulation lists and cause-of-death ranking
Codes added and deleted in 2007
Codes for terrorism
Enterocolitis due to Clostridium difficile
Quality of reporting and processing cause of death
Rare causes of death
Injury mortality by mechanism and intent
Codes for firearm deaths
Codes for drug-induced deaths
Codes for alcohol-induced deaths
Race and Hispanic origin
Life tables
Causes of death contributing to changes in life expectancy
Marital status
Educational attainment
Injury at work
Infant mortality
Maternal mortality
Population bases for computing rates
Computing rates
Random variation
Availability of mortality data
Definition of terms