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N494-M1

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Childhood Obesity

The rising prevalence of obesity among children is a global public health concern. In the United States, the prevalence of obesity among children and adolescents aged 6 to 11 years increased from 7% in 1980 to 18% in 2012 (Gurnani et al., 2015). In 2012, more than one-third of children and adolescents were considered to be overweight or obese. The health consequences of childhood obesity are serious and can be lifelong. Obese children are more likely to have high blood pressure and high cholesterol, which are risk factors for cardiovascular disease. They are also more likely to have prediabetes, a condition in which blood sugar levels are high but not yet high enough to be diagnosed as diabetes. Obese children are more likely to become obese adults, and they are at greater risk for developing chronic health conditions such as heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes, and certain types of cancer. This paper will present childhood obesity and a detailed literature research.

The clinical question in PICOT format

In children between the ages of 6-11 years living in urban areas, does routine physical exercise prevent obesity compared to children who do not exercise regularly?

P: Children aged 6-11 years old living in urban areas

I: Routine physical exercise

C: No routine physical exercise

O: Obesity

T: Over some time

Childhood obesity as a clinical problem

This inquiry aims to gain insight into the role physical activity plays in lowering or offsetting the hazards of childhood obesity in children residing in metropolitan areas. Young people in metropolitan areas face several health risks due to obesity. Childhood obesity in the United States has averaged approximately 20.6% over the last three decades (Sanyaolu et al., 2019). What this means is that 20% of American kids are overweight. This is a large sum. It is a sign that the United States has some fundamental lifestyle issues that need fixing if it wants to raise healthy children.

The prevalence of obesity and the health problems it might bring about necessitates constant analysis of the problem's root causes to implement effective countermeasures. Children with obesity have the same risks of developing cardiovascular illness as adults, including high blood pressure and cholesterol. Once thought only to affect the elderly, recent statistics show an alarmingly high incidence of cardiovascular disease in young individuals (Bhadoria et al., 2015). Furthermore, children who are overweight often face social difficulties, such as bullying, which might open them up to further difficulties in their social lives. Childhood obesity is a serious clinical concern in the United States due to the accompanying difficulties.

Obesity is more of a concern in metropolitan areas than rural areas, perhaps because of differences in nutrition, lifestyle, and access to outdoor space. Identifying the factors contributing to childhood obesity in adult settlements, such as a lack of physical activity, may be crucial in designing effective programs to get more kids moving. To ensure that children achieve healthy weights, nurses need to participate in creating treatments aiming at this end.

Literature search

Lakshman, R., Elks, C. E., & Ong, K. K. (2012). Childhood obesity. Circulation, 126(14), 1770–1779.

The study describes the causes of childhood obesity and its frequency and suggests some potential solutions. First and most importantly, the report emphasizes that kids who suffer from being overweight have challenges as grownups. Children who are overweight are more likely to have health and social issues, several of which might last during childhood and adulthood. These issues may have an impact on their physical and social well-being. The study's results indicate that inadequate nutrition and inactivity are two primary contributors to childhood obesity. The paper thoroughly reviews the numerous strategies that could be utilized to lower the proportion of overweight and obese kids and enhance their general physical health.

Gurnani, M., Birken, C., & Hamilton, J. (2015). Childhood obesity. Pediatric Clinics of North America, 62(4), 821–840.

The study's conclusion that over a third of children in the United States are obese adds validity to the notion that obesity poses a danger to the nation's general health. The article provided several tried-and-true strategies to be utilized in the nation's battle over obesity. Following the study's results, treating obesity in children necessitates the employment of tactics that differ from those used to treat obesity in adults. The article does not directly address the PICOT question but provides some useful information about the problem.

Rolland-Cachera, M. F., Deheeger, M., Maillot, M., & Bellisle, F. (2006). Early adiposity rebound: Causes and consequences for obesity in children and adults. International Journal of Obesity, 30(S4).

This article discusses the early adiposity rebound, defined as the age at which body mass begins to increase faster. In addition to providing an analysis of the effects that obesity has on children, the primary objective of this research is to examine the factors that contribute to the problem. According to the authors, finding a solution to the problem of childhood obesity necessitates focusing on preventative measures rather than therapeutic methods. The authors suggest that this is a risk factor for obesity in children and adults. They state that early adiposity rebound is associated with higher body fat levels in adolescence and adulthood. According to the findings of this study, there are several different stakeholders, all of whom play a part in the process of ensuring that children have the level of physical health that is desired. This article does not directly address the PICOT question, but it does provide some evidence that routine physical activity may help to prevent obesity.

Brown, T., Moore, T. H. M., Hooper, L., Gao, Y., Zayegh, A., Ijaz, S., Elwenspoek, M., Foxen, S. C., Magee, L., O'Malley, C., Waters, E., & Summerbell, C. D. (2019). Interventions for preventing obesity in children. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2019(7).

The article will examine a few of the potential therapies that may be utilized to combat the problem of obesity in children. The research article makes recommendations for real-world solutions adaptable to children's specific needs. These solutions include making more room in children's schedules for playtime while simultaneously reducing the amount of time they spend in front of the television. The authors also found that interventions delivered by healthcare providers, such as doctors and nurses, were more effective than those delivered by other providers, such as teachers. This article provides strong evidence that routine physical exercise can help to prevent obesity in children living in urban areas.

Hanlon, E. C., Dumin, M., & Pannain, S. (2019). Sleep and obesity in children and adolescents. Global Perspectives on Childhood Obesity, 147–178.

According to the findings of this study, occurrences of childhood obesity may be traced back to inadequate or insufficient sleep duration. Children who do not get enough sleep might have their biological processes hampered, which can contribute to obesity. According to the findings of this study, one way to reduce the prevalence of childhood obesity is to ensure that children get enough sleep each night. This is relevant to the PICOT question because it suggests that children who are obese may be less likely to exercise regularly, as they are more likely to be tired.

The most suitable article

The article that best supports nursing interventions for the prevention of obesity in children is by Brown et al. (2019). This article provides strong evidence that routine physical exercise can help to prevent obesity in children living in urban areas. The authors suggest that interventions delivered by healthcare providers, such as doctors and nurses, are more effective than those delivered by other providers, such as teachers. It is important because it suggests that healthcare providers can play a key role in preventing childhood obesity. While Hanlon et al., (2019) relates to the PICOT question, it focuses more on sleep deprivation than addressing obesity directly. Both Gurnani et al., (2015) and Rolland-Cachera et al., (2006) look at the sources and effects of childhood obesity; however, Rolland-Cachera et al., (2006) merely present the enormity of the situation without offering effective remedies. In contrast, Lakshman et al. (2012) discusses the problem of childhood obesity but provide no solutions.

Conclusion

In conclusion, routine physical exercise can help to prevent obesity in children living in urban areas. This is important because childhood obesity can lead to several health problems, including cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and certain types of cancer. Healthcare providers can play a key role in preventing childhood obesity by delivering interventions that encourage children to be more active. Detailed research indicates that childhood obesity can be battled with effective solutions.

References

Bhadoria, A. S., Sahoo, K., Sahoo, B., Choudhury, A. K., Sofi, N. Y., & Kumar, R. (2015). Childhood obesity: Causes and consequences. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 4(2), 187.

Gurnani, M., Birken, C., & Hamilton, J. (2015). Childhood obesity. Pediatric Clinics of North America, 62(4), 821–840.

Hanlon, E. C., Dumin, M., & Pannain, S. (2019). Sleep and obesity in children and adolescents. Global Perspectives on Childhood Obesity, 147–178.

Lakshman, R., Elks, C. E., & Ong, K. K. (2012). Childhood obesity. Circulation, 126(14), 1770–1779.

Sanyaolu, A., Okorie, C., Qi, X., Locke, J., & Rehman, S. (2019). Childhood and adolescent obesity in the United States: A public health concern. Global Pediatric Health, 6.