I need this by Sunday. 05/02 I need great details. Please read carefully. I attached a rubric that my professor follows.

Medical Indications

Beneficence and Nonmaleficence

Patient Preferences

Autonomy

The principle of beneficence obliges a physician to act for the patient's benefit, while the principle of Nonmaleficence obliges the physician not to harm the patient. The two principles are supported by moral rules like do not kill, do not cause harm, pain, suffering, and incapacitation (Jahn, 2011). For instance, after James was diagnosed with kidney failure, the attending physician requested immediate dialysis to relieve pain and fluid buildup in the body. After the healing sermon, James' condition deteriorated. He was in much pain and no longer required a dialysis only but also a kidney transplant. To avoid causing further harm, the nephrologist rejected multiple kidney donations.

In the nursing profession, the principle of autonomy requires medical practitioners to respect self-determination or decisions made by adults who have decision-making capacity. The conditions of Understanding, intentionality, and absence of controlling influence that determine the adults' action must exist for any autonomous action (Jahn, 2011). For instance, the medical practitioner respected Mike and Joanne's decision to take James to a church's healing service instead of undergoing dialysis to treat the elevated blood pressure and fluid buildup in the body. The physician had informed Mike and Joanne that James needs quick dialysis to avoid increased health problems, but the parents decided that placing James in the faith of God was better, n autonomous decision the physician was obliged to respect.

Quality of Life

Beneficence, Nonmaleficence, Autonomy

Contextual Features

Justice and Fairness

The three principles of beneficence, Nonmaleficence, and autonomy have moral significance to the patients' life. As much as doctors have an obligation not to cause harm, pain, or suffering, act for the patient's benefit and respect the decisions the patient's parents make, there must be balance in the quality of life (Jahn, 2011). Mike and Joanne choosing a healing sermon jeopardize James's health. At first, the dialysis and antibiotic could have relieved the fluid buildup, and acute glomerulonephritis and James would be stable after the dialysis. However, the delay caused by Mike and Joanne by delivering James to a healing sermon made his illness deteriorate to the extent of requiring a kidney transplant.

Justice and fairness principle call for equitable, fair, and appropriate treatment of persons without discrimination. Distributive justice influences physicians' decisions on a patient through moral requirements such as need, effort, equal share, merit, contribution, and according to market free exchanges (Jahn, 2011). According to James’s case, the physicians are obliged to continue treating James well, even after parents had previously discarded the doctor's dialysis advice in favor of a healing sermon. Healthcare ethics and legal rules require a doctor to provide fair treatment for the good of the patient. The doctor had to call Mike and Joanne again to discuss James's situation and what they can do to save his life and neutralize the suffering. Justice and fairness principles guide the doctor's goodwill towards the patients' health.

The principle of autonomy requires adults to make treatment decisions prudently. According to the Christian worldview, actions must accompany faith. According to James 2:26, "For as the body without spirit is dead, so faith without work is dead" (King James Bible, 1970). Mike and Joanne misinterpreted the biblical teachings about faith and healing. Some Christians believe that seeking medical treatment shows a lack of faith in God. According to the beneficence principle on medical ethics, physicians must be kind by not inflicting harm (Rasoal et al., 2017). According to Matthew 22:39, “and the second is like unto it, Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself” (King James Bible, 1970). Every doctor should put the patient's benefit before their own. According to the Nonmaleficence principle, the bible teaches us that a Christian should not harm their neighbor. The doctors are obliged by legal and professional code of conduct to protect patients' health at all costs. According to Romans 13:10, “Love worketh no ill to his neighbor: therefore, love is the fulfilling of the law” (King James Bible, 1970). This gives doctors the responsibility of protecting the patients from harm. Physicians should be cautious about errors of omission and commission that can jeopardize or deteriorate health. Finally, according to justice principle, physicians and patients must treat each other fairly within the institutional and societal realms. According to Psalms 82.3, “Do justice to the afflicted and needy” (King James Bible, 1970). Physicians should uphold justice and fairness in whatever they do.

A good Christian should be able to balance the principles of autonomy, justice, Nonmaleficence, and beneficence (Ashcroft et al., 2007). All the four principles, just like God's ten commandments, are bound by one biblical teaching in Matthew 22:39 that says, “and the second is like unto it, Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself” (King James Bible, 1970). Every human being must have kindness, love, faithfulness, and passion. Although some of the principles like autonomy may contravene biblical teachings, Christians should show faith by seeking treatment and waiting for God's healing. Just like when an automobile breaks down and taken to the mechanic with the faith that it will be better, Christians should also seek treatment with the faith they will become healthy. On the other side, doctors should be dedicated to healing, not harming, treating, not destroying, and giving hope, not to dishearten. Doctors should be guided by humanity principles of the holy spirit as dictated in Galatians 5:22, "But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, longsuffering, gentleness, goodness, faith…” (King James Bible, 1970). Further, physicians should guide their patients to make wise treatment decisions that will improve their health. Doctors should not participate in unnecessary abortions and kill patients since taking away human beings' lives is against Christianity values(Rasoal et al., 2017).Physicians should be dedicated to saving a life and promote good health. Doctors should be just and provide good treatment without endangering life or compromising resources due to selfishness.