ANSWER THE ESSAYS AND THE BULLET (-) QUESTIONS

Muscular System Study Guide

Exam 3- Short Answer Essay Questions

51. Describe the structure of a mammalian skeletal muscle cell and explain how its structure is related to its contractile function. Also, include a description of the skeletal muscle organization hierarchy.

52. Describe three processes that muscle cells use to make ATP when it is needed for muscle contraction. Please include the ATP yield for each process.

Use this study guide to help you review the important information you should know from your notes to be prepared for your exam. The exam format is 10 True/False, 40 multiple choice and/or matching questions (each question worth 1 pt) and 2 short answer questions (each worth 5 pts).

Notes: Muscle Anatomy

· Identify the functions of the muscular system

· Differentiate between the three muscle types in terms of location, cell shape and appearance, regulation of contraction, speed of contraction, rhythmicity, type of control, etc…

· Describe the parts of a skeletal muscle fiber and be able to label the parts

· Describe the microscopic anatomy of a skeletal muscle

· Differentiate between thick and thin filaments

Notes: Skeletal Muscle Activity

· Describe the functions of muscle cells in terms of irritability and contractility

· Describe how nerve stimulus generates an action potential to cause muscle contraction

· Describe the mechanism of muscle contraction in terms of the sliding filament theory

· Describe the idea of graded responses and what produces graded responses

· Differentiate between a muscle twitch and tetanus

· Describe the various ways muscles obtain energy for contraction and differentiate between those mechanisms

· Describe what causes muscle fatigue

· Differentiate between isotonic and isometric contractions

· Describe what muscle tone is and how exercise affects our muscles

Notes: Gross Anatomy of Skeletal Muscle

· Identify the muscles of the body and know their functions

Notes: Muscle Movements, Types, and Names

· Differentiate between origin and insertion

· Describe the action of joints and how those actions affect muscle movements

· Identify the type of muscle movement/joint action given an example of an activity or muscles being utilized

· Define prime mover, antagonist, synergist, and fixator and be able to classify a muscle using these terms given an action of that muscle

· Identify the ways in which skeletal muscles are named