Music Listening & Analysis Assignment on The Flower Duet by Leo Delibes and The Selection of Your Choosing by The Composer of That Selection
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MUS105Unit2Part1.pptxMusic Appreciation 105
An Introduction to
– Music –
– Travel –
– Culture –
Emily Smith
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Unit 2 Basic Music Writing
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZN41d7Txcq0
How to Read Music
Musical Notation
Organization of sounds and silences
Symbols that represent the pitch and duration of a sound
Allow us to interpret someone else’s musical ideas
Music Note Symbols
Quarter Note
Half Note
Whole Note
Eighth Note
Dotted Half Note
Dotted Quarter Note
Adding a dot increases the duration of the basic note by half of its original value
Example:
Two quarter notes equal one half note:
Therefore a dotted half note equals one half note plus one quarter note:
= +
= +
Music Note Comparison
One Measure
Whole Note
Half Note
Quarter Note
Eighth Note
Sixteenth Note
1 2 3 4
1 e & a 2 e & a 3 e & a 4 e & a
1 & 2 & 3 & 4 &
1 – 2 3 – 4
1 – 2 – 3 – 4
Whole Note
Half Note
Quarter Note
Eighth Note
Sixteenth Note
Music Note Math
Quarter Note
Half Note
Dotted Half Note
Whole Note
Eighth Note
Dotted Quarter Note
= +
= + + or +
= + + + or +
+ =
= + or + +
Basic Unit (ex. =1)
Rests
Quarter Rest
Half Rest
Whole Rest
Eighth Rest
Rest durations last the same amount of time as the corresponding note value
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=
=
=
Rests indicate silence
Each note has a specific symbol that represents silence or rest
The Staff
The musical staff is made of up 5 lines and 4 spaces
Lines and spaces are numbered from low to high
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Treble Clef
A clef appears at the beginning of each staff
The clef shown here is a treble clef
Also called the G clef
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Each note on the treble clef staff has a letter name
The names of notes are the first 7 letters of the alphabet: A-B-C-D-E-F-G
When you get to G the next note will start the alphabet over at A
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The notes on the spaces on the treble clef staff spell F-A-C-E
The notes on the lines on the treble clef staff are E-G-B-D-F
You can remember this with the acronym:
Every
Good
Boy
Does
Fine
Bass Clef
The clef shown here is a bass clef
Also called the F clef
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The notes on the spaces on the bass clef are A-C-E-G
You can remember this with the acronym:
All
Cows
Eat
Grass
Each note on the bass clef staff has a letter name
The notes on the lines on the bass clef are G-B-D-F-A
You can remember this with the acronym:
Grizzly
Bears
Don’t
Fly
Airplanes
Ledger Lines
Ledger lines can be used to extend the upper and lower ranges of a staff
Treble clef ledger lines
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Bass clef ledger lines
Grand Staff
The grand staff is created by joining the treble staff and the bass staff with a brace and a bar line
Middle C – 1st ledger line down from Treble Clef; 1st ledger line up from Bass Clef
Bar Line
Brace
Treble Clef Ledger Lines Middle C
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Bass Clef Ledger Lines Middle C
Grand Staff Middle C
Keyboard/Grand Staff Note Comparison
Measure
The space between bar lines is called a measure or a bar
Each measure is separated by a bar line
one measure
bar line
Time Signature
Time signatures appear at the beginning of a piece of music
They are made up of 2 numbers
The top number indicates the number of beats per measure
The bottom number indicates which note will get one beat
In 4/4 time there are 4 beats in each measure and the quarter note gets the beat
4/4 time is also called Common Time
4 beats in each measure
3 beats in each measure
2 beats in each measure
The top number indicates the number of beats per measure
The bottom number indicates which note will get one beat
In 4/4 time the quarter note gets one beat
The same is true for 2/4 or 3/4 time
Whenever the bottom number is 4 the quarter note will get the beat
When the bottom number is 8 the eighth note will get the beat
3 beats in each measure
The eighth note gets the beat
2 beats in each measure
The half note gets the beat
2/2 time is also called cut-time
6 beats in each measure
The eighth note gets the beat
Ties
A Tie is a curved line connecting the heads of two notes of the same pitch
The tied notes are to be played as a single note with a duration equal to the sum of both notes
The notes is played once and held for six beats instead of played twice and held for two counts of three beats
Tie
Slurs
A slur is a curved line connecting two or more notes of different pitches
Slurred notes should be played as smoothly as possible
Two note slur
Three note slur
Stems
Stems help determine what rhythmic value a note will have
Adding a stem to an open note head will change the value of a whole note to a half note
Stem
Notes that appear on or above the middle staff line have downward stems on the left side of the note head
Notes that appear below the middle staff line have upward stems on the right side of the note head
Intervals
– The distance between two notes
2 Types:
Melodic interval – the distance between two notes which are played one at a time
Harmonic interval – the distance between two notes played at the same time
Melodic Intervals
Unison – the interval between two identical notes
Octave – the interval of an 8th
Unison
Harmonic Intervals
Steps, Skips, & Leaps
Step – the distance from one pitch to the next
Half Step – the smallest interval
Whole Step - an interval made by combining two half steps
Skip – equal to the distance of two steps
Leap – any interval larger than a skip
W
H
∧
W
W
H
∧
H
∧
H
∧
W
W
SKIP
Key Signatures
Key signatures are the sharps and flats placed at the beginning of a piece
Placed after the clef sign and before the time signature
Circle of Fifths
Clockwise shows the order for sharp key signatures
Counterclockwise shows the order for flat key signatures
Major keys outer circle
Minor keys inner circle
Major and Minor keys in the same “slice” have the same key signature
A sharp sign (#) placed in front of a note raises its pitch a half step
A flat sign ( ) placed in front of a note lowers its pitch a half step
A natural sign ( ) placed before a note cancels a sharp or a flat
Sharps, Flats, & Naturals
#
Accidentals
Sharps, flats, and naturals are called accidentals
Accidentals affect every note on the same line or space for the remainder of the measure
Bar lines cancel all accidentals from the previous measure unless a note is tied across the bar line
F F# F# F# F F# F F# F# F F F
Enharmonic Notes
Enharmonic notes sound the same but are spelled differently
One note with two different names
Scales
A set of musical notes ordered by frequency or pitch
Major Scale – most commonly used
Order of pitches by steps: W-W-H-W-W-W-H
Minor Scale – used to depict sad, melancholic, angry, or dramatic moods
The Police – Every Breath You Take originally in A Major
The Police – Every Breath You Take in A minor
Minor to Major: Beethoven’s 5th Symphony originally in C minor
Beethoven’s 5th Symphony in C Major
