Music Listening & Analysis Assignment on The Flower Duet by Leo Delibes and The Selection of Your Choosing by The Composer of That Selection

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Music APPRECIATION 105

An introduction to music – Travel – culture

Emily Smith

Unit 1 Part 2: Ensembles and instruments

Ensembles

Musical Ensembles

Also known as musical group, is a group of people who perform instrumental or vocal music

All ensembles can be made up of different arrangements of instruments and/or vocalists.

There are specific names for small and large ensembles

Most music is written to be performed by a specific ensemble; this is often notated in the title

Small Ensembles

1. Duet – a group of 2 performers

2. Trio – a group of 3 performers

3. Quartet – a group of 4 performers

4. Quintet – a group of 5 performers

5. Sextet – a group of 6 performers

6. Septet – a group of 7 performers

7. Octet – a group of 8 performers

Also called Chamber Ensembles (groups of about 2 to 12 performers)

String Quartet No. 3 “Mishima” by Philip Glass (Quartet = 4)

https://www.y outube.com/watch?v=_4XMeY1RkWQ

Large Ensembles

I. Band

II. Choir

III. Orchestra

I. Band

A group of musicians who play woodwind, brass, and percussion instruments

Do not usually include string instruments

Types of bands:

1. Concert Band – a relatively large group of brass, woodwind, and percussion players that performs in a concert hall

2. Marching Band – a group in which instrumental musicians perform while marching, often for entertainment or competition

II. Choir

An organized group of singers

1. Choral Society/Symphony Choir –A large group of between 50 and 400 singers

2. Chamber Choir – A group of between 16 and 40 singers

Types of Choirs

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hYwYMngq4II

Even When He is Silent – St. Olaf Choir

III. Orchestra

A group of musicians that can vary in size from 25 to over 100

They are made up of different sections of instruments: String, woodwind, brass and percussion.

Types of Orchestras:

2. Chamber Orchestra – A small orchestra that generally has less than 50 musicians

1. Symphony Orchestra –  large classical orchestra that has between 50 and 100 musicians

3. String Orchestra – The smallest orchestra comprised solely of string instruments

Also called Philharmonic Orchestra

Philharmonic means “loving harmony” or “devoted to music”

Components of the Orchestra:

1. Conductor/Director – Lead interpreter of the music

Leads rehearsals and directs musicians on performing the Elements of Music

Directs orchestra with a baton to keep everyone together and in time

2. Concertmaster – responsible for making sure the orchestra is in tune

3. Musician/Performer – person who interprets the music

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=olMPeiqoiic

Beethoven’s 5th Symphony – Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kJ6AaBArhRw

Grieg’s “Holberg Suite” – Camarata Nordica String Orchestra

instruments

Quieter instruments are placed closer to the front near the stage with louder instruments placed behind them and percussion at the very back of the stage

4 Sections of the Orchestra

Strings

Woodwinds

Brass

Percussion

Strings

Violin

Viola

Cello

Bass

All have 4 strings

All are played with a bow or the index finger (plucking/pizzicato)

Harp

47 strings

Strings are color coded to identify specific notes

Seven pedals on the concert harp

Left pedals are DCB

Right pedals are EFGA

Played by plucking with fingers

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U7KyfpP-eoQ

Camille Saint-Saëns – Fantaisie for Solo Harp

Guitar

Can vary from 4 to 18 strings

Played by plucking, strumming, picking

Schubert's Ständchen: Guitar and Flute Duo

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f6FXlkztZeU

Woodwinds

3 Types:

1. No Reed

2. Single Reed

3. Double Reed

Reed – wooden attachment to the mouthpiece and held on with a ligature (clamp)

Single reed

Double reed

Reed

Ligature

Clarinet

Mouth Piece

Reed

Oboe

1. No reed

Flute

Piccolo

2. Single reed

Clarinet

Saxophone

3. Double reed

Oboe

Bassoon

Trumpet

Baritone

Trombone

French Horn

Tuba

All brass instruments are played with Valves by pushing up and down with the fingers except for the Trombone which is played with a Slide

Brass

Percussion

This section has the most number of different instruments

Player can strike, scrape, jiggle, rub, or crash to create sound

2 Categories:

Instruments with a definite pitch

Instruments that produce a single sound of indefinite pitch

Percussion Instruments with a definite pitch

Include Timpani, Xylophone, Glockenspiele, Marimba

Timpani is the only drum to play specific notes

Marimba

Timpani

2. Percussion Instruments that produce a single sound of indefinite pitch

Drum Kit includes: Snare Drum, Cymbals, Bass Drum, Hi-Hat, Tom-Tom

Orchestra Bass Drum Kit Bass Drum is played by hand with a mallet instead of with a foot pedal

Drum Kit

Orchestra Bass Drum

Keyboards

I. Organ – Powered by air, has 2-3 keyboards for hands and 1 keyboard for feet

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

II. Piano – Most popular keyboard instrument

88 total keys (36 black and 52 white) and 3 foot pedals

2 Types:

Upright

Grand

Upright

Grand

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ac3kME37eZg

Amazing Love – Piano Organ Duet

Voices

In order from highest to lowest:

Soprano

Alto

Tenor

Bass

Related Terms

A cappella – singing without instrumental accompaniment

Aria – a vocal solo

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WdnPAIFn32A

Say Something – Stellenbosch University Choir

Composed in 1946

Based on Rondeau from Abdelazar (The Moor’s Revenge) by Henry Purcell (1659-1695)

Written in Rondeau form (theme and variations) and ending with a Fugue

Homophonic texture in the Theme and Variations

Polyphonic texture in the Fugue

Fugue - composition in which a short melody or phrase is introduced by one part and successively taken up by others and developed by interweaving the parts

Example: A B A C A D A – where the main theme (A) alternates with contrasting themes (B, C, D)

Young Persons Guide to the Orchestra Op. 34

by Benjamin Brittain

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VVivtti-n-w

Rondo from Abdelazer by Henry Purcell

https://youtu.be/_qZn0flLDQg?t=48s

Brittain’s Young Person’s Guide to the Orchestra Part 1

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mXu328rO9js

Brittain’s Young Person’s Guide to the Orchestra Part 2