at least 7 pages and ppt

2020/12/8 Multiple Articles, Multiple Authors, and the "et al." Rule: SOC SCI 3A LEC A: COMP RES IN SOC SCI (70110)

https://canvas.eee.uci.edu/courses/29422/pages/multiple-articles-multiple-authors-and-the-et-al-dot-rule 1/3

Multiple Articles, Multiple Authors, and the "et al." Rule This page is meant to give a few notes on citations, just in case. While you can use any citation format that you would like, there are some odd rules that pop up and some things might be confusing. While you will not lose points based on minor details in your citations, it is important that your reader can tell where information came from!

To make sure your citations are clear, here are a few things to keep in mind:

Multiple Articles with Similar Points

If I am in a situation where many articles are talking about essentially the same thing, I can attribute the point of similarity to many different sources. It is probably easiest to do this in a "parenthetical citation." This is a citation that comes at the end of a sentence.

For example, if I have a lot of people all saying that developing skills is important for well-being, I could say something like:

Many studies note that skill development can be important for well-being (Dawson, 2020; Pascal, 2019).

^The above is one summary based on two completely separate articles.

Multiple Authors in the Same Article

If I am in a situation where I have multiple people who worked on the same article, then I list things differently. My reader needs to know that all of this information is from ONE source, which they can find in my reference list.

For example, I might have one article that talks about the importance of humor in managing difficult situations:

Humor can often be also be used as a means of reducing stress (Waititi, Ayoade, & Tudyk, 2007).

OR

According to Waititi, Ayoade, and Tudyk (2007), humor can often be used as a means of reducing stress.

^The above sentences are two ways to do essentially the same thing. The date always stays with my set of authors linked to a specific article. This lets the reader know that it is one source of information and they can find that specific article under "Waititi" in the references.

A Mix of the Above Considerations

2020/12/8 Multiple Articles, Multiple Authors, and the "et al." Rule: SOC SCI 3A LEC A: COMP RES IN SOC SCI (70110)

https://canvas.eee.uci.edu/courses/29422/pages/multiple-articles-multiple-authors-and-the-et-al-dot-rule 2/3

I might also have a situation where some of my sources have multiple authors and some have single authors, but they make similar points. I still want to make sure that it is clear to the reader where things are coming from and whether or not an idea is linked to just one source or multiple and whether or not those sources have single authors or more than one author.

Incidentally, there are a lot of rules about how to order multiple citations in one citation set. We will stick with alphabetical based on first author name. Never re-order your authors. Keep the order listed on the article (or book or chapter).

For example:

Conventions are just one way for people to gather around shared interests (Day, 2007; Smith & Gillan, 2010). According to Tennant and Sheen (2019), there are also many ways that people can share interests online. This can take the form of art, writing, or just general discussion. Online discussion can focus on specific characters and their relationships (Saldana & Pratt, 2014; Tennant & Sheen, 2019) or on assessments of how well characters are written and acted (Abtahi & Esposito, 2019; Dawson, 2020; Sackhoff & Park, 2007).

^In the example above, Day (2007) is a separate article from Smith and Gillan (2010), which is one article with two authors. The semicolon in the citation lets the reader know that these are two separate articles. They do, however, find something very similar in their articles.

Tennant and Sheen (2019) add some extra information that does not line up exactly with the last thought, but complements it. When I introduce a thought like this, I can cover a couple of sentences if necessary. With a citation in parentheses at the end of a sentence, however, I can only cover that one sentence.

Sometimes I might have a few thoughts in one sentence that come from different sources. This gets a bit messy, but it is best to associate the source with that thought specifically. You can see this illustrated with the sentence on "online discussion."

"Et al." and Citations

You may have discovered an "et al." rule as well. This will differ based on the citation method you are using, but essentially, when you have three or more authors on one article, you can limit the list in the citations to the first author, followed by "et al."

In some cases, I must list all authors first and then move to this. In current APA, I go straight to "et al." when I have three or more authors.

For example, if I have two authors, it should still look like:

(Barrymore & Olyphant, 2017)

But if I have three authors, I can list:

(Barrymore et al., 2017)

2020/12/8 Multiple Articles, Multiple Authors, and the "et al." Rule: SOC SCI 3A LEC A: COMP RES IN SOC SCI (70110)

https://canvas.eee.uci.edu/courses/29422/pages/multiple-articles-multiple-authors-and-the-et-al-dot-rule 3/3

References

I want my citations to be easily found by the reader. I give very little information in the actual literature review (this can vary by field, but in Social Sciences, we stick to authors and year published), so the reader needs an easy way to find this information. That is what the reference list is for!

As one example (in APA format) based on the above examples:

Waititi, T, Ayoade, R. E., & Tudyk, A. W. (2007). Humor and stress: How to use comedy to

cope. Journal of Voice Acting and Comedy, 9(2), 20-77.

I have attempted to illustrate the hanging indent appropriately here, but the format may not translate well. Remember that citations have the opposite of paragraph indentation. So the first line is aligned with your left margin and following lines are pushed in. I have no idea why this rule exists, but it does.