management

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CHAPTER 5

DELEGATING AUTHORITY AND EMPOWERING EMPLOYEES

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• Recognize the importance of delegation
• Explain what is involved in the delegation process, including authority, responsibility, and accountability
• Understand the role of authority
• Understand the role of power and why it is a great motivator
• Explain the role of empowerment and indicate ways to increase empowerment

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

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• Understand why some leaders are reluctant to delegate and why employees may not welcome delegation
• Know how to face adaptive challenges
• Indicate ways to achieve effective delegation and discuss the roles of various parties in achieving effective delegation
• Recognize the benefits of delegation

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

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• Distributing and entrusting activities and related authority to other people
• Aspects
• Granting authority
• Assigning duties and responsibilities
• Job descriptions
• Requiring accountability
• Decentralization - Extent to which authority is delegated from one level or unit of the organization to another

DELEGATION OF AUTHORITY

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• Required for an organization to function
• Comes with the position
• Result from delegation by a higher-level manager
• Sources
• Formal theory of authority: Exists because someone was granted it
• Acceptance theory of authority: Originates when it has been accepted by the group or individual over whom it is being exercised

ROLE OF AUTHORITY

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• Ability to influence individuals, groups, events, and decisions
• Closely related to leadership
• Types
• Reward power - Arises from the number of positive rewards controlled by the leader
• Coercive power - Results from people’s perceived expectation of punishment when they do not comply with the leader’s orders

POWER

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POWER

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©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

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• Ability to influence individuals, groups, events, and decisions
• Best way to expand power is to share it
• Highly required by effective leaders
• Directed toward benefit of the organization
• Power-motivated leaders make their subordinates feel stronger

POWER

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EXHIBIT 5.1 - AUTHORITY-POWER COMBINATION

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• Granting employees authority to make key decisions within their enlarged areas of responsibility
• Embraces the idea that individuals closest to the work and to customers should make the decisions
• Choosing the right people is key to operating and sustaining a culture of empowerment

EMPOWERMENT

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• Perception that by delegating they surrender some of their power and authority
• Lack of trust in others
• Feel insecure
• Recognize that subordinates need more training, coaching, and experience

WHY LEADERS FAIL TO DELEGATE

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WHY EMPLOYEES MAY NOT WELCOME DELEGATION

Unclear duties and responsibilities

Fear of failure

Increased stress

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• Reframing: Examining the situation from multiple vantage points to develop a holistic picture
• Helps organizations and individuals to:
• Change values and behaviors
• Identify new approaches and strategies
• Leadership training and development
• Coaching and training - Help achieving successful delegation, empowerment, and results

FACING ADAPTIVE CHALLENGES

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EXHIBIT 5.3 - THE EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING MODEL

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BENEFITS OF DELEGATION

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• Experiential learning
• Formal theory of authority
• Job descriptions
• Power
• Reframing
• Responsibility

IMPORTANT TERMS

• Accountability
• Acceptance theory of authority
• Authority
• Delegation of authority
• Empowerment