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Fundamentals of Early Childhood Education 8th Edition George S. Morrison

Chapter 6

Observing and Assessing Young Children

Developed by:

Kevin M. Dartt

Walden University

Joyce E. Myers

University of Texas Arlington

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Fundamentals of Early Childhood Education, 8e George S. Morrison

Learning Outcomes

Describe what assessment involves and why it is important for you to know how to assess children

Identify the types and methods of assessment that teachers most commonly use

Describe the importance of observation in early childhood education.

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Fundamentals of Early Childhood Education, 8e George S. Morrison

Learning Outcomes

Identify the contexts that influence the use of assessments.

Discuss specific considerations when assessing children with disabilities.

Explain some of the current issues associated with assessment.

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Fundamentals of Early Childhood Education, 8e George S. Morrison

What Is Assessment?

Assessment is a process of collecting information about

Development

Learning

Behavior

Academic progress

Need for special services

Attainment of grade level goals

In order to

Plan and implement curriculum and instruction

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Fundamentals of Early Childhood Education, 8e George S. Morrison

Purposes of Assessment

Identify what children know

Identify special needs

Determine appropriate placement

Make lesson and activity plans

Select materials

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Fundamentals of Early Childhood Education, 8e George S. Morrison

Purposes of Assessment

Make decisions about how to implement learning activities

Communicate with parents about developmental status and achievement

Referral for children and families for additional services

Make policy decisions about what is or is not appropriate for children

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Fundamentals of Early Childhood Education, 8e George S. Morrison

Authentic Assessment Characteristics

Assessed based on

Actual work
Actual curriculum information
Each individual child
Part of learning process
Whole child
Involves collaborative, copperative work with parents
Year long process
Variety of assessment tools

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Fundamentals of Early Childhood Education, 8e George S. Morrison

Formal vs. Informal Assessment

Formal assessment
Use of standardized tests
Compares child’s score with a group of children who have already taken the same exam
Paper exams

Informal assessment

Observation

Anecdotal record

Running record

Event sampling

Time sampling

Rating scale

Checklist

Work sample

Portfolio

Interview

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Fundamentals of Early Childhood Education, 8e George S. Morrison

Purposes of Observation

Determine the cognitive, linguistic, social, emotional, and physical development of children

Identify interests and learning styles

Plan

Meet the needs of individual children

Determine progress

Provide information to parents

Provide self-insight

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Fundamentals of Early Childhood Education, 8e George S. Morrison

Four Steps for Effective Observation

Step 1—Plan for observation
Set goals
Step 2—Conduct the observation
Record data as you observe
Step 3—Interpret the data
Step 4—Implement a plan

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Fundamentals of Early Childhood Education, 8e George S. Morrison

Developmentally Appropriate Assessment

Ethical principles guide assessment practices
Assessment instruments are used for their intended purposes
Assessments are appropriate for ages and other characteristics of children being assessed.

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Fundamentals of Early Childhood Education, 8e George S. Morrison

Developmentally Appropriate Assessment

Assessment instruments are developmentally and educationally significant
Assessment evidence is used to understand and improve learning
Assessment conducted in realistic settings and situations
Multiple sources of evidence gathered over time

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Fundamentals of Early Childhood Education, 8e George S. Morrison

Inclusive Classroom Assessments

Administered in child’s native language
Validated for purpose being used
Administered by trained personnel
Use as only one source for eligibility for special education
Provide information for students’ educational needs, not simply intelligence

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Fundamentals of Early Childhood Education, 8e George S. Morrison

Issues in Assessment

Assessment and accountability

For school and teachers

Role in reform of education

Performance-based pay

High-stakes testing

Standardized tests are used to make important decisions about children

Generally opposed by the early childhood profession

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