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Fundamentals of Early Childhood Education 8th Edition George S. Morrison

Chapter 10

The Early Elementary Grades: One Through Three

Developed by:

Kevin M. Dartt

Walden University

Joyce E. Myers

University of Texas Arlington

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Fundamentals of Early Childhood Education, 8e George S. Morrison

Learning Outcomes

Describe some of the contexts that influence learning in grades one through three.
Identify the developmental characteristics of early elementary age children.
Explain important aspects of environments that promote meaningful learning for children in grades one through three.
Describe the essential content areas and elements of the curriculum in the primary grades.

10-.2

Fundamentals of Early Childhood Education, 8e George S. Morrison

Contemporary Schooling
and Contextual Factors

Diversity

Achievement

Standards

Testing

Data-driven instruction

Changing teacher roles

Curriculum alignment

Academics

Technology use and interaction

Health and wellness

Ongoing political changes

10-3

Fundamentals of Early Childhood Education, 8e George S. Morrison

Children in Grades 1 to 3

Physical development

Social development

Industry vs. inferiority stage

mastery-oriented attributions

learned helplessness

Emotional development

Cognitive development

Concrete operations stage

Moral development

Character education

Respect

Responsibility

10-4

Fundamentals of Early Childhood Education, 8e George S. Morrison

Support Positive
Social-Emotional Development

Use literature to discuss emotions

Encourage children to express their emotions

Write about feelings

Provide for cultural differences

10-5

Fundamentals of Early Childhood Education, 8e George S. Morrison

Mental Health in Early Childhood

Encourage play

After-school activity

Safe and secure home and classroom environment

Appropriate guidance and discipline

Communicate

Sense of belonging

Promote resilience

Develop competencies

Reinforce positive behaviors and decision making

Encourage helping others and good health

10-6

Fundamentals of Early Childhood Education, 8e George S. Morrison

Environments That Support Learning in the Primary Grades

Physical Environment

Learning centers reflect content areas.

Children are seated in chairs at tables or in clusters of desks for roughly three to six children

Teacher instruction (teacher-directed instruction and intentional teaching) and active student involvement are balanced

10-7

Fundamentals of Early Childhood Education, 8e George S. Morrison

Environments That Support Learning in the Primary Grades

Social Environment

Families, other adults, and the community are connected to classroom learning

Children are valued and respected

Children live and learn in peace and harmony

High expectations for all are an essential part of the classroom culture

10-8

Fundamentals of Early Childhood Education, 8e George S. Morrison

Conflict Resolution

Be a good role model for children

Provide positive feedback and reinforcement

Provide opportunities for children to help and show kindness to others

Conduct conflict-free classroom routines and activities

Provide practice in conflict resolution skills

10-9

Fundamentals of Early Childhood Education, 8e George S. Morrison

Conflict Resolution

Read stories that exemplify pro-social behaviors
Counsel and work with parents to encourage them to limit or eliminate their children watching violence on TV, attending R-rated movies, playing video games with violent content, and buying CDs with objectionable lyrics
Catch children “doing good”

10-10

Fundamentals of Early Childhood Education, 8e George S. Morrison

Curriculum in Early Elementary Grades

Developmentally appropriate practice
Integration with special education.
Widespread use of technology
Intentional teaching
Differentiated instruction

10-11

Fundamentals of Early Childhood Education, 8e George S. Morrison

Curriculum

Literacy and Reading

Letter-sound correspondence, word study and decoding,

Guided reading

Shared reading

Writing

Journaling

Integrate literacy across the curriculum

Organize literacy instruction around themes

10-12

Fundamentals of Early Childhood Education, 8e George S. Morrison

Curriculum

Math

Numbers and operations

Numbers and operations and algebra

Measurement

Science

Inquiry learning

STEM

10-13

Fundamentals of Early Childhood Education, 8e George S. Morrison

Curriculum

Arts

Music, theater, dance, art

Technology

Science, technology, and society

Technological divides

Blogging in the classroom

10-14

Fundamentals of Early Childhood Education, 8e George S. Morrison

Curriculum

Social Studies
Culture
Time, continuity, and change
People, places, and environment
Individual development and identity
Power, authority and governance
Production, distribution, and consumption.
Science, technology, and society
Civic ideals and practices

10-15

Fundamentals of Early Childhood Education, 8e George S. Morrison

Teaching Thinking

Give children the freedom and security to be creative thinkers.

Ask open-ended questions

Integrate thinking into the total curriculum

Bloom’s Taxonomy
Knowledge
Comprehension
Application
Analysis
Synthesis
Evaluation

10-16