2 Page paper
budsimpson
Module9-notes-20151.docxModule #9 – page 12
MODULE #9 NOTES:
HAND-IN Draft of the First Section of the Research Paper – (drafts of the first two sections of your research paper are worth 10% of the final grade). You will be using all of the skills you have learned this semester to write SCCUDy BPs.
Goal of this module: Answer the first section question with 3 to 6 SCCUDy BPs.
Go to the end of these notes for a sample section draft with instructor’s comments to a student’s first draft of a section of her paper. >>>>>>
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Instructions for writing the first draft of the 1st section of your paper:
· Develop the first section questions from your outline into a 2-3 page, double-spaced paper (use Arial or Times New Roman font; 12 pt.). Use at least two sources in this paper.
· SECTION Introduction & Concluding paragraphs. The draft of the 1st section must include a brief introduction paragraph to the section -- containing the following
· Introduce the section paragraph -- Include:
· Rationale for the section question.
· Connecting the section question with the main research question.
· Concluding the section paragraph -- Include:
· Summary of an answer to the section question.
· Reference to ideas that support this summary.
· Use ALL of the techniques you learned in writing the Objective Synthesis paper
· Begin every BP with a topic sentence. Unity is key to a successful SCCUDy BP
· Paraphrase source materials – put ideas into your own words.
· Paraphrases MUST reflect the meaning of the source.
· Do not use more than two brief quotations in the entire section draft. This paper must reflect your ability to paraphrase and summarize source ideas into your own words.
· Synthesize at least two sources in each BP. THIS IS IMPORTANT—THIS IS A SYNTHESIS PAPER!
· Cite all sources.
· Each section of your paper must include from 4 – 6 body paragraphs.
· The draft of the 1st section of your research paper must be in paragraph form. DO NOT use bulleted or numbered lists.
· Include a References page for the sources referred to in the drafted section. This must be in correct APA format.
· Include a cover page at the beginning. See below for a sample cover page.
· Give the paper a title. Do not use the research question as the title.
· Use a running head with page numbers and brief version of paper title.
· Proofread for grammar and sentence sense.
I suggest that you work on these steps with a Writing Center tutor.
FURTHER EXPLANATION for writing this draft of the first section of your research paper:
· You might think of your main research paper in this way You are writing three 2-page papers that when put together with an introduction and conclusion equals the 8 – 10 page semester research paper project.
· Be sure to use your research note cards to aid you in writing the paper. These notes WILL NOT be collected.
FURTHER NOTES ON WRITING RESEARCH PAPER BODY PARAGRAPHS--WORKING WITH AN OUTLINE:
Following is an example of drafting a BP from an outline
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Main research question: To what degree do Apes use language?
Section Questions: I. How spontaneously have apes used language?
II. What is the controversy over whether apes use language spontaneously? A. Examples of apes spontaneously using language. [see unified paragraph below] B. Is language trained or spontaneous? C. How creatively have apes used language?
III. Can apes create sentences? IV. What are the implications of the ape language studies? |
Paragraph from outline: II A Topic sentence is underlined
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Perhaps the best evidence that apes are not merely responding to cues is that they have signed to one another spontaneously, without trainers present. Like many of the apes studied, gorillas Koko and Michael have been observed signing to one another (Patterson & Linden, 1981). At Central Washington University the baby chimpanzee Loulis, placed in the care of the signing chimpanzee Washoe, mastered nearly fifty signs in American Sign Language without help from humans. “Interestingly,” wrote researcher Fouts (1997), “Loulis did not pick up any of the seven signs that we [humans] used around him. He learned only from Washoe and [another chimp] Ally” (p. 244).
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References Fouts, R. (1997). Next of kin: What chimpanzees have taught me about who we are. New York: William Morrow. Terrace, H. S., Petitto, L. A., Sanders, R. J., & Bever, T. G (1979). Can an ape create a sentence? Science, 206, 891-902. |
NOTE: The BP above sticks to the theme presented in the topic sentence; thus, it is unified. It coherently moves from idea to idea because of its clear transitions. And it is synthesized and correctly cited. A problem with this BP is that it needs more development as it is too brief.
Citing too much? When and how often do you cite sources? You should not plagiarize; therefore, you must cite so that the reader will know which writers are receiving credit. But what if you cite too much? Or too little? Here is an example; I cited the single source four times. Is this a little too many times?
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Rogers (2002) indicated that people visited American libraries more often at the end of 2001 than the previous year using Internet-connected computers to look for jobs and to socialize. The increase in Internet usage was due to the economy’s slowdown and the high unemployment (Rogers, 2002). Users without computers at home came to libraries to surf the web and learn about potential companies (Rogers, 2002). Rogers (2002) stated that many were posting their resumes online since many companies only recruited this way. Libraries were providing some instruction on computer use. However, Rogers (2002) reported that the weaker economy has forced libraries to cut back on hours of operations. |
GO TO THE NEXT PAGE FOR NOTES IN INTRODUCING THE SECTION QUESTION
Introducing EACH section of the paper - See the figure below:
· Each of the three colored boxes represents one section of your research paper.
· Each section will contain four to six BPs (body paragraphs); each BP must be SCCUDy synthesized – cite – coherent – unified – developed
· Note how each section of your paper begins with a brief intro that will help your reader know what that section will cover and explain why it is included. This beginning paragraph explains to your reader how the section will help answer the main research question:
1 st Section Question – Brief Intro 2 nd Section Question – Brief Intro 3 rd Section Question - Brief Intro MAIN RESEARCH QUESTION Section One Section Two Section Three
Review of above This diagram illustrates that
· Each section of the research paper should be briefly introduced.
· This ‘internal intro’ should lead the reader into the new section and justify how it will help answer the main research question.
· It should refer to the previous section of the paper.
I refer you to a sample student paper which follows this organization
“Playing with children's minds: The psychological effects of tobacco advertising on children” by Joanna Hull >>> http://bit.ly/17hHC75
By writing this draft of the first section of your paper, you will have the opportunity to make needed corrections for the second draft of this section. You will have a better idea of how to proceed with the rest of your research paper.
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Adding a Header to your paper. Use the following directions to insert a brief title of your paper and page numbers as a running header throughout your paper using WORD 2007 – this will be demonstrated in the next group webinar:
1. Go to “Insert”
2. Click on “Page Number”
3. Choose “Top of page”
4. Choose the one that places the page number to the right side of the page –“Plain #3”
5. To the left of the page number, type a shortened version of the title of your paper.
6. Put a couple of spaces between title and number. Hit “Close Header Footer”
If you are using earlier versions or WORD:
1. Go to “View” – “Header Footer”
2. Make sure that the box that opens is at the top of the screen and reads “Header”
3. Right align your cursor –Then, type in a brief version of the title of your paper – Then, add two spaces.
4. In the dialogue box click first icon “Insert page number.”
5. Click “Close.” The header will automatically be inserted at the top of all the pages in the file.
Margins, spacing, indentation, pagination:
1. The APA calls for "at least one inch" margin all the way around the text.
2. The APA also stipulates that a paper should contain no more than twenty-seven lines of text (not including the header). The maximum length of a line of text should be six and one-half inches.
3. One-double space between lines, paragraphs and between titles and the first sentence of the text that follows. Add an extra line between sections.
4. Indent the first word of each new paragraph and paginate the paper on the upper right hand side.
REMEMBER – Use the Microsoft WORD Paragraph Tool to format the paper as shown in previous webinar meeting
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BEFORE YOU WRITE THIS DRAFT OF THE FIRST SECTION OF YOUR RESEARCH PAPER - DO THE FOLLOWING
Class Discussion:
Explain the first section of your paper to your study partner
· What will this first section cover? How does it help answer your main research question? What sort of information will be included in this first section?
· Do you have enough information to support each body paragraph? Do you need to do more research to write SCCUDy BPs?
AFTER WRITING – AND – BEFORE SUBMITTING THIS DRAFT OF THE FIRST SECTION OF YOUR PAPER—
Use this check-off list to proofread and edit your work
BODY PARAGRAPH GOALS:
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Do all of your BPs have a topic sentences? Can you identify a theme or key idea for each body paragraph?
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Examine each of the SUPPORTING sentences that follow the topic sentence in each BP Does each of these sentences relate to the topic sentence? Should sentences be re-ordered in the paragraph? Should sentences be put into other paragraphs?
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Read each BP out loud; listen to the words as you read. Do all of the sentences sound correct? Do the sentences make sense? Can you follow the sense of your investigation? |
In-text citation GOALS:
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Did you include the author and date for every citation in APA format?
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Should you include more citations? Less citations?
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General GOALS.
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Did you use too many quotations? (HINT: There should be no more than two brief quotations.) Be sure that you have NOT used the self-standing quote. If you do your grade will be lowered.
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Did you paraphrase correctly? – Did you use your own words to explain what the writer was saying?
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Did you include your opinion? (HINT: You should not include opinion; but you can interpret what the articles say as you paraphrase.)
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Did you synthesize at least two different sources in each BP?
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Have you written enough? – two pages?
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References page GOALS.
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Is “References” at the top of the bibliography page?
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Alphabetical?
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Double spacing? No extra lines?
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Hanging indent?
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Correct APA bibliographic entries throughout?
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Two to four credible sources?
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Finally, make sure that you are using the required format for the research paper:
· Creating a Header for your paper – see below
· Formatting of the cover page – see below
· Formatting APA paper margins
REMEMBER Be sure to examine and proofread your DRAFT OF THIS SECTION OF YOUR paper before or after you send it to the professor. This will help you to remember the important skills you need to display throughout the research paper.
When you are done with this drafted section -- What should you be doing to continue to work on your Research paper?
· Continue to search for more articles.
· Continue to read, annotate and take relevant and useful notes.
· Re-examine your outline; re-look at it to see if it still makes sense to you. Work from the Main Research Section questions Sub points for each section question sub sub points for each sub point.
· Begin drafting a second section.
· Any other ideas????
SEE FOLLOWING PAGE FOR A SAMPLE COVER PAGE & FOR A SAMPLE OF A WELL-ORGANIZED DRAFTED SECTION OF A RESEARCH PAPER. This is a first draft so it needs further work
DRAFT OF THE FIRST SECTION OF
Neuromarketing: A New Era of Consumer Research
In partial fulfillment of the requirements for
Writing 303
Submitted by
Mary Doe
York College
Jamaica, New York 11451
November 3, 2007
MAIN RESEARCH QUESTION: Is neuromarketing research giving marketers and advertisers the keys to the consumer decision-making process?
Section #1 – What is neuromarketing? What are the techniques used?
Section #2 – What is the purpose of neuromarketing in advertising?
Section #3 – In what ways are neuromarketing harmful to social cohesion?
What Is Neuromarketing?
And What Are the Techniques Used?
Over the last decades marketers and advertisers have been using various techniques, such as focus groups, personal interviews, and observation in order to gain some insights on how consumers formulate their decisions and choices. Nowadays, companies have switched their interest towards some highly advanced techniques used in the fields of neuroscience and psychology. This new approach is called neuromarketing.
Unlike focus groups and traditional market research tools, neuromarketing is totally a new discipline in dealing with the consumer behavior. According to Zaltman (2004) neuromarketing is a new approach that combines psychology, neurology, and marketing in order to explain the various mental processes within the consumer s’ brain during the shopping period. Although this research is still new to guarantee its finding, many companies have shown interest in investing and profiting from this advanced technique (Singer, 2004). And, in order to determine if neuromarketing research is really proving its effectiveness in tracking and analyzing the brain responses of the consumer ; it is first necessary to begin by defining and examining two techniques which are used in this field: The functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technique and the Zaltman Metaphor Elicitation Technique (ZMET).
The fMRI technique uses scan machines in order to diagnose brain reactions during specific moments. Shabner (2004) indicates that during the fMRI research, individuals are put inside scanners and shown images and pictures of some products. After being asked about the way these products are used, scan machines track the different reactions of the brain then provide snapshot images of the brain’s responses based on those individuals’ thoughts.In order to discover the consumer shopping habits, scientists use this technology to scan blood flow in the brain. This is because most brain parts involved in the test receive high level of blood flow (Witchalls, 2004). Similarly, Zaltman (2004) explains that fMRI technology shows brain parts that light up accordingly with the blood flow. Furthermore, Burne (2003) points out that these scanners were first used for medical reasons. The purpose was to study brain parts that respond to movement and emotion. He reports that recently the use of these scan machines has been switched to serve the need of marketing. In fact, these scanners provide some new insights to the consumer hidden thoughts and subconscious (Zaltman, 2004).
Whereas the fMRI technique scans the brain of the consumer in order to explain his reaction to the different stimulus, the ZMET appears to be slightly different in nature. According to Seaton (2002) this technique was first invented by Gerald Zaltman, a Harvard business school marketing professor and one of the first marketing techniques to be protected by the government and to get a patent number. She adds that the test starts with asking participants one week earlier to collect pictures and images they associate with the products being tested. Kelly (2002) indicates that after the collection of pictures a digital collage is made to those images using Adobe Photoshop. This helps identifying the association between the participant, the pictures, and the product. Furthermore, the ZMET is an approach that uses the disciplines of neurology, psychoanalysis, and linguistics to explain the brain processes that shape the consumer behavior and hence shed a light on the brain’s activity (Pink,1998. Kelly (2002) reports that head of scientists leading the research, concludes that the use of metaphors is very important in a sense that it could influence the human behavior and explain the consumer s’ hidden thoughts. Pink (1998) agrees on the same statement and admits that the ZMET is a very powerful technique in dealing with subconscious acts because it can decrypt the languages of the brain (emotions, feeling, and fear). He also emphasizes that ZMET research is "a technique for eliciting interconnected constructs that influence thought and behavior" (Pink, 1998).
After defining and examining some of the techniques that neuromarketers and scientists employ in order to dig inside the mind of consumers, it is very important to proceed by investigating the intended goal and questioning the real purpose of neuromarketing research.
References
Burne, J. (2003, November 28). A probe inside the mind of the shopper. Financial Times. Retrieved from http://www.financialtimes.com
Kelly, M. (2002, December 3). The science of shopping. CBC News. Retrieved from http://www.cbc.ca/consumers/market/files/money/science_ shopping/index.html
Pink, D. (1998). Metaphor marketing. Fast Company, (14). Retrieved from http://www.olsonzaltman.com/
Schabner, D. (2004, January 13). Playing with your mind: Is neuromarketing research giving advertisers the keys to your decision-making? ABCNEWS.COM. Retrieved from http://www.commercialalert.org/index.php/external/
true/article_id/212
Seaton, J. (2002, June). Power of association. Marketing Business. Retrieved from http://www.olsonzaltman.com/
Witchalls, C. (2004, March 22). Pushing the buy button. Newsweek. Retrieved from http://www.newsweek.com
Zaltman, G. (2004, June 12). Inside the mind of the consumer. The Economist, 371(8397), 4-5. Retrieved from http://www.economist.com
