SEVEN PAGES DUE BY 24 HOURS
maomdoi10
Module5GrandandMiddleRangeNursingTheories.pptmGrand and Middle Range Nursing Theories
Module 5
Nursing theories can be classified based on range/scope or abstractiveness, purpose, and philosophical underpinnings. This week we examine grand theories and mid-range theories of nursing. As you complete your reading reflect on how you might could apply that theory in your own practice.
1
“Practicing nurses who despise theory are condemned to performing a series of tasks either at the command of a physician or in response to routines and policies”
Leah Curtin, MS RN FAAN (1989)
Former Editor
Nursing Management
Scope of Theories
Grand Theories
Middle Range Theories
Grand Theories
Provide an overall framework for structuring broad, abstract ideas
Composed of concepts representing global and extremely complex phenomena
Middle Range Theories
Provide a perspective from which to view complex situations and a direction for interventions in three levels of abstractness
High middle-range
Middle middle-range
Low middle-range
Florence Nightingale's Influence on Knowledge Development in Nursing
Described nursing as both an art and a science
Stressed the importance of caring for the ill person rathe rthan the illness
Viewed a person’s health as the direct result of environmental influence (cleanliness, light, pure aire, pure water, efficient drainage
Nightingale (cont.)
The trun of the 20th century marked the beginning of hospital-based schools of nursing
Nightingale’s principles were incorpoarated into modern nursing theory
Early Nursing Theorists
Hildegard Peplau
Defined concepts for stages of nurse-client relationships
Virginia Henderson
Defined basic human needs as the unique focus of nursing practice
Faye Abdella
Identified 21 nursing problems that became the foundation of nursing diagnoses
Joyce Travelbee, Josephine Paterson & Loretta Zderad
Empshsized the humanistic and existential basis of nursing practice to understanding the uniqueness of patients
Contemporary Nursing Theorists
The workd of contemporary theorist form the theoretical basis for many interventions in current nursing practice
Myra Levine
Dorothea Orem
Sister Callista Roy
Levine’s Conservation Theory
Four universal principles of conservation designed to apply concepts of nursing practice in different environments
Orem’s Theories
Theory of Self-Care
Theory of Self-Care Deficit
Theory of Nursing Systems
Roy Adaptation Model
Developed in 1976
Combined general systems theory with adaptation theory
Goal of nursing is “promotion of adaptation” in each of four modes of adaptation
Applicable to the home setting
13
Roy (cont)
The goal of nursing is “the promotion of adaptation” in each of four adaptive modes
Physiologic
Self-concept
Role function
Interdependence
Theories for the New Worldview of Nursing
Describe, explain, and predict the phenomena of concert to nursing from a more holistic perspective
Jean Watson
Martha Rogers
Rosemarie Parse
Theory of Human Caring
Jean Watson (1980s)
Conceptualizes human-to-human transactions that occur daily in nursing practice
Ten carative factors are classified as nursing actions or caring processes
Science of Unitary Human Beings
Developed by Rogers (1990s)
The person is characterized as a human energy field that unites all aspects of the person into a unified whole
Nursing aimes to repattern the rhythm and organization of these energy fiels to heighten the integrity of the person
Gordon’s Functional Health Patterns
Influenced by Maslow’s hierarchy of basic human needs and Von Bartlaffny’s general systems theory
Offer a holistic approach to the development of nursing diagnoses and client care
Provides an appropriate method for organization of textbook topics
19
