Three- Reflective Journal

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MODULE 3MODULE 3

Requirement analysis

Introduction:

In Module 2, you learnt the various types and levels of requirements and

several requirement elicitation approaches. You should now be able to

make a decision as to which requirement elicitation approach(es) to use

given the nature of the information and be able to elicitate a comprehensive

requirement covering a range of types of requirement.

With the raw requirement gathered from various stakeholders, we are now

entering another stage of requirements engineering, viz. requirement

analysis. The primary focus of this Module is to add some rigour to user

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requirements and teach you how to formally model user requirement

through a number of modelling techniques.

An accurate understanding of users’ requirement is a prerequisite to the

design and implementation of software. As a nexus between the business

world and technical world, business analysts need to have the ability to

translate users’ requirements, normally and usually expressed in plain

English, into models that can be understood by people in the technical

world and can be validated by people in the business world. Uni�ed

Modelling Language (UML) provides rich diagramming capabilities to visually

model requirements. You will study a range of UML diagram for

requirement analysis in this Module as well as the �rst half of Module 4.

Use case and user story are the two most commonly used techniques in

specifying and communicating user requirements. Both have the advantage

that they are semi-technical and can be understood by people in both the

business and technical world. Both approaches are not competitors, and are

not a replacement for one another. Di�erent software development

methodologies have a preference over one another and may advocate to

use a combination of both approaches with varying weights for each.

You will learn to identify actors of a system and examine their major use

cases and usage scenarios. We will introduce you to a range of UML use

case diagram notations, for example, <<include>> and <<extend>>. You will

learn to add an extra layer of abstraction to the model with generalisation

of use cases and actors. You will also learn to write elaborated use case

speci�cations and understand the essential element in a use case

speci�cation, for example, pre/post-conditions, success/normal �ow,

alternative �ow, etc.

In some projects, business rules form an integral part of assignment; it is

therefore imperative to analyse and document business rules. You will learn

the various types of business rules and how business rules can �t into user

requirement and/or functional requirement.

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Lastly, we will put everything together and write a Requirement

Speci�cation. We will discuss the various inclusions of a requirement

speci�cation document, and the characteristics of a good requirement

speci�cation.

This Module will cover:

Module 3.1 – in the �rst half of this Module, we will bring some rigor to the

raw requirements you elicitated from Module 2. You will learn two most

common techniques to model user requirements. We will discuss the

various elements in a use case and the various notations in a use case

diagram. You will learn how to write an elaborated use case speci�cation.

We will also examine the concept of user stories and compare and contrast

it with use cases. We will also discuss the di�erent kinds of business rules

and how they �t into user requirements and functional requirements.

Module 3.2 – in the second half of this Module, we will examine the

formality of a Software Requirement Speci�cation document. You will learn

the common inclusions in a Software Requirement Speci�cation document.

This Module will help you achieve the following outcomes:

a) Evaluate methods of documenting, maintaining and measuring requirements to relate to business need.

b) Identify, select and develop requirements to maximise e�ectiveness in the enterprise and promote sustainable business practices.

Time Management:

Your workload expectation is 20 hours for this module.

20 hours per module (two weeks): facilitated study: 3 hours / week. Personal Study: 7 hours / week. 

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3 hours facilitated study consists of attending class, responding to facilitator feedback.

You are to allocate 7 hours of personal learning. This includes essential time spent on pre-reading and viewing materials, assessment progression and learning activities.

Assessment Progression:

Part B of Assessment 1 – Presentation will be conducted in class in Module

3. You must attend the classes and deliver the presentation in the week that

your presentation is scheduled.

You should also work progressively towards Assessment 2 – Requirement

document.

Student Expectation:

You are expected to have worked through the essential learning resources and activities for this module before attending the facilitated session (face to face or online session) – this enables informed discussion and full participation in learning activities.

Participate in all scheduled facilitated sessions.

This time is intended to be used by you and your learning facilitator to work through activities and engage in discussion about the module content.

These sessions provide a space for you to raise questions about the module content and seek guidance on writing your assessments.

You will review, explore and discuss more deeply the information presented in the learning resources.

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