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• descriptionCover Page
• descriptionTitle Page
• descriptionCopyright Page
• descriptionDedicationi
• descriptionPrefacexv
• descriptionAcknowledgementsxx
• keyboard_arrow_downSection I. Understanding the Assessment Process: H...1
  • keyboard_arrow_downChapter 1. History of Testing and Assessment4
    • descriptionLearning Objectives
    • descriptionDistinguishing between Testing and Assessment5
    • keyboard_arrow_downThe History of Assessment
      • descriptionAncient History
      • descriptionPrecursors to Modern-Day Test Development6
      • descriptionThe Emergence of Ability Tests (Testing in the Cog...8
      • descriptionThe Emergence of Personality Tests (Testing in the...13
      • descriptionThe Emergence of Informal Assessment Procedures14
      • descriptionModern-Day Use of Assessment Procedures15
    • descriptionQuestions to Consider When Assessing Individuals
    • descriptionSummary18
    • descriptionChapter Review19
    • descriptionReferences20
  • keyboard_arrow_downChapter 2. Ethical, Legal, and Professional Issues...22
    • descriptionLearning Objectives
    • keyboard_arrow_downEthical Issues in Assessment
      • descriptionOverview of the Assessment Sections of the ACA and...23
      • descriptionStandards for Responsible Testing Practices27
      • descriptionMaking Ethical Decisions28
    • keyboard_arrow_downLegal Issues in Assessment29
      • descriptionThe Family Education Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA...
      • descriptionThe Health Insurance Portability and Accountabilit...30
      • descriptionPrivileged Communication
      • descriptionThe Freedom of Information Act
      • descriptionCivil Rights Acts (1964 and Amendments)31
      • descriptionAmericans with Disabilities Act (ADA) (PL 101-336)32
      • descriptionIndividuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)
      • descriptionSection 504 of the Rehabilitation Act33
      • descriptionCarl Perkins Career and Technical Education Improv...
    • keyboard_arrow_downProfessional Issues
      • descriptionProfessional Associations34
      • descriptionAccreditation Standards of Professional Associatio...
      • descriptionForensic Evaluations35
      • descriptionAssessment as a Holistic Process36
      • descriptionCross-Cultural Issues in Assessment37
      • descriptionEmbracing Testing and Assessment Procedures38
    • descriptionSummary39
    • descriptionChapter Review40
    • descriptionReferences41
  • keyboard_arrow_rightChapter 3. Diagnosis in the Assessment Process 44
    • descriptionLearning Objectives
    • descriptionThe Importance of Diagnosis45
    • descriptionThe Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM): A Bri...46
    • keyboard_arrow_rightThe DSM-5
      • descriptionSingle-Axis vs. Multiaxial Diagnosis47
      • descriptionMaking and Reporting Diagnosis48
      • descriptionSpecific Diagnostic Categories50
      • descriptionOther Medical Considerations53
      • descriptionPsychosocial and Environmental Considerations54
      • descriptionCultural Considerations
      • descriptionFinal Thoughts on DSM-5 in the Assessment Process55
    • descriptionSummary
    • descriptionChapter Review57
    • descriptionAnswers to Exercise
    • descriptionReferences58
  • keyboard_arrow_rightChapter 4. The Assessment Report Process: Intervie...60
    • descriptionLearning Objectives
    • descriptionPurpose of the Assessment Report
    • descriptionGathering Information for the Report: Garbage in, ...61
    • keyboard_arrow_rightStructured, Unstructured, and Semi-Structured Inte...62
      • descriptionComputer-Driven Assessment64
    • descriptionChoosing an Appropriate Assessment Instrument65
    • keyboard_arrow_rightWriting the Report
      • descriptionDemographic Information66
      • descriptionPresenting Problem or Reason for Referral
      • descriptionFamily Background67
      • descriptionSignificant Medical/Counseling History
      • descriptionSubstance Use and Abuse68
      • descriptionEducational and Vocational History
      • descriptionOther Pertinent Information
      • descriptionMental Status69
      • descriptionAssessment Results73
      • descriptionDiagnosis74
      • descriptionSummary and Conclusions75
      • descriptionRecommendations
    • descriptionSummarizing the Writing of an Assessment Report76
    • descriptionSummary78
    • descriptionChapter Review
    • descriptionReferences79
• keyboard_arrow_downSection II. Test Worthiness and Test Statistics82
  • keyboard_arrow_rightChapter 5. Test Worthiness: Validity, Reliability,...83
    • descriptionLearning Objectives
    • descriptionCorrelation Coefficient85
    • descriptionCoefficient of Determination (Shared Variance)87
    • keyboard_arrow_rightValidity
      • descriptionContent Validity88
      • descriptionCriterion-Related Validity90
      • descriptionConstruct Validity92
      • descriptionVisual Representation of Types of Validity94
    • keyboard_arrow_rightReliability95
      • descriptionTest-Retest Reliability96
      • descriptionAlternate, Parallel, or Equivalent Forms Reliabili...
      • descriptionInternal Consistency97
      • descriptionVisual Representation of Types of Reliability98
      • descriptionItem Response Theory: Another Way of Looking at Re...99
    • descriptionCross-Cultural Fairness100
    • keyboard_arrow_rightPracticality
      • descriptionTime
      • descriptionCost
      • descriptionFormat103
      • descriptionReadability
      • descriptionEase of Administration, Scoring, and Interpretatio...
    • keyboard_arrow_rightSelecting and Administering a Good Test
      • descriptionStep 1: Determine the Goals of Your Client104
      • descriptionStep 2: Choose Instrument Types to Reach Client Go...
      • descriptionStep 3: Access Information about Possible Instrume...105
      • descriptionStep 4: Examine Validity, Reliability, Cross-Cultu...106
      • descriptionStep 5: Choose an Instrument Wisely
    • descriptionSummary107
    • descriptionChapter Review
    • descriptionReferences108
  • keyboard_arrow_rightChapter 6. Statistical Concepts: Making Meaning ou...111
    • descriptionLearning Objectives
    • descriptionRaw Scores112
    • descriptionFrequency Distributions113
    • descriptionHistograms and Frequency Polygons114
    • descriptionCumulative Distributions116
    • keyboard_arrow_rightNormal Curves and Skewed Curves
      • descriptionThe Normal Curve117
      • descriptionSkewed Curves118
    • keyboard_arrow_rightMeasures of Central Tendency
      • descriptionMean
      • descriptionMedian119
      • descriptionMode
    • keyboard_arrow_rightMeasures of Variability
      • descriptionRange120
      • descriptionInterquartile Range121
      • descriptionStandard Deviation123
    • descriptionRemembering the Person125
    • descriptionSummary126
    • descriptionChapter Review
    • descriptionReferences127
  • keyboard_arrow_rightChapter 7. Statistical Concepts: Creating New Scor...128
    • descriptionLearning Objectives
    • descriptionNorm Referencing versus Criterion Referencing129
    • keyboard_arrow_rightNormative Comparisons and Derived Scores130
      • descriptionPercentiles
      • descriptionStandard Scores131
      • descriptionDevelopmental Norms140
    • descriptionPutting It All Together141
    • descriptionStandard Error of Measurement142
    • descriptionStandard Error of Estimate144
    • keyboard_arrow_rightScales of Measurement
      • descriptionNominal Scale146
      • descriptionOrdinal Scale
      • descriptionInterval Scale
      • descriptionRatio Scale147
    • descriptionSummary148
    • descriptionChapter Review 149
    • descriptionReferences150
• keyboard_arrow_downSection III. Commonly Used Assessment Techniques152
  • keyboard_arrow_downChapter 8. Assessment of Educational Ability: Surv...158
    • descriptionLearning Objectives
    • descriptionDefining Assessment of Educational Ability159
    • keyboard_arrow_downSurvey Battery Achievement Testing160
      • descriptionNational Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP)161
      • descriptionStanford Achievement Test163
      • descriptionIowa Assessments164
      • descriptionMetropolitan Achievement Test
    • keyboard_arrow_downDiagnostic Testing166
      • descriptionThe Wide Range Achievement Test 5 (WRAT5)167
      • descriptionWechsler Individual Achievement Test—Third Edition...
      • descriptionPeabody Picture Vocabulary Test, Fourth Edition (P...
      • descriptionWoodcock-Johnson® IV
      • descriptionKeyMath3™ Diagnostic Assessment171
    • keyboard_arrow_downReadiness Testing
      • descriptionSchool Readiness Test, Fourth Edition172
      • descriptionKindergarten Readiness Test (KRT)173
      • descriptionMetropolitan Readiness Test (MRT6)
      • descriptionGesell Developmental Observation—Revised174
    • keyboard_arrow_downCognitive Ability Tests
      • descriptionOtis-Lennon School Ability Test, Eighth Edition (O...175
      • descriptionThe Cognitive Ability Test (CogAT)178
      • descriptionCollege and Graduate School Admission Exams179
    • descriptionThe Role of Helpers in the Assessment of Education...183
    • descriptionFinal Thoughts About the Assessment of Educational...184
    • descriptionSummary185
    • descriptionChapter Review186
    • descriptionReferences187
  • keyboard_arrow_downChapter 9. Intellectual and Cognitive Functioning:...191
    • descriptionLearning Objectives
    • descriptionA Brief History of Intelligence Testing
    • descriptionDefining Intelligence Testing192
    • keyboard_arrow_downModels of Intelligence
      • descriptionSpearman’s Two-Factor Approach193
      • descriptionThurstone’s Multifactor Approach
      • descriptionVernon’s Hierarchical Model of Intelligence
      • descriptionGuilford’s Multifactor/MultiDimensional Model
      • descriptionCattell’s Fluid and Crystal Intelligence194
      • descriptionPiaget’s Cognitive Development Theory
      • descriptionGardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences197
      • descriptionSternberg’s Triarchic Theory of Successful Intelli...198
      • descriptionCattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) Integrated Model of Int...
      • descriptionTheories of Intelligence Summarized
    • keyboard_arrow_rightIntelligence Testing200
      • descriptionStanford-Binet, Fifth Edition201
      • descriptionWechsler Scales204
      • descriptionKaufman Assessment Battery for Children, Second Ed...
      • descriptionNonverbal Intelligence Tests209
    • keyboard_arrow_rightNeuropsychological Assessment
      • descriptionA Brief History of Neuropsychological Assessment
      • descriptionDefining Neuropsychological Assessment211
      • descriptionMethods of Neuropsychological Assessment212
    • descriptionThe Role of Helpers in the Assessment of Intellect...215
    • descriptionFinal Thoughts on the Assessment of Intellectual a...
    • descriptionSummary216
    • descriptionChapter Review218
    • descriptionReferences220
  • keyboard_arrow_rightChapter 10. Career and Occupational Assessment: In...222
    • descriptionLearning Objectives
    • descriptionDefining Career and Occupational Assessment
    • keyboard_arrow_rightInterest Inventories223
      • descriptionStrong Interest Inventory® 224
      • descriptionSelf-Directed Search
      • descriptionCOPSystem229
      • descriptionO*NET and Career Exploration Tools231
      • descriptionOther Common Interest Inventories
    • keyboard_arrow_rightMultiple Aptitude Testing
      • descriptionFactor Analysis and Multiple Aptitude Testing234
      • descriptionArmed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery and Car...235
      • descriptionDifferential Aptitude Tests238
    • keyboard_arrow_rightSpecial Aptitude Testing
      • descriptionClerical Aptitude Tests239
      • descriptionMechanical Aptitude Tests240
      • descriptionArtistic Aptitude Tests241
      • descriptionMusical Aptitude Tests
    • descriptionThe Role of Helpers in Occupational and Career Ass...242
    • descriptionFinal Thoughts Concerning Occupational and Career ...
    • descriptionSummary243
    • descriptionChapter Review
    • descriptionReferences245
  • keyboard_arrow_rightChapter 11. Clinical Assessment: Objective and Pro...248
    • descriptionLearning Objectives
    • descriptionDefining Clinical Assessment
    • keyboard_arrow_rightObjective Personality Testing
      • descriptionCommon Objective Personality Tests249
    • keyboard_arrow_rightProjective Testing267
      • descriptionCommon Projective Tests268
    • descriptionThe Role of Helpers in Clinical Assessment
    • descriptionFinal Thoughts on Clinical Assessment275
    • descriptionSummary276
    • descriptionChapter Review
    • descriptionReferences278
  • keyboard_arrow_rightChapter 12. Informal Assessment: Observation, Rati...282
    • descriptionLearning Objectives
    • descriptionDefining Informal Assessment
    • keyboard_arrow_rightTypes of Informal Assessment283
      • descriptionObservation284
      • descriptionRating Scales285
      • descriptionClassification Methods288
      • descriptionEnvironmental Assessment291
      • descriptionRecords and Personal Documents293
      • descriptionPerformance-Based Assessment298
    • keyboard_arrow_rightTest Worthiness of Informal Assessment299
      • descriptionValidity
      • descriptionReliability300
      • descriptionCross-Cultural Fairness302
      • descriptionPracticality
    • descriptionThe Role of Helpers in the Use of Informal Assessm...
    • descriptionFinal Thoughts on Informal Assessment303
    • descriptionSummary304
    • descriptionChapter Review
    • descriptionReferences305
• descriptionAppendix A. Websites of Codes of Ethics of Select ...307
• descriptionAppendix B. Assessment Sections of ACA’s and APA’s...309
• descriptionAppendix C. Code of Fair Testing Practices in Educ...315
• descriptionAppendix D. Sample Assessment Report 322
• descriptionAppendix E. Supplemental Statistical Equations328
• descriptionAppendix F. Converting Percentiles from z-Scores330

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