Applications In Personality Testing
Everleigh
MMPI-3CaseDescriptionMr.JInterpretiveReport.pdf
®
SAMPLE REPORT
Case Description: Mr. J – Interpretive Report
Mr. J is a 44-year-old divorced man assessed at intake for services at a community mental health center following a brief stay at a crisis stabilization unit. Mr. J was taken to the stabilization unit by law enforcement personnel after a serious suicide attempt involving vehicular carbon monoxide poisoning. He had been involved in very contentious divorce- and child custody-related proceedings for two years prior to this attempt. In addition to having a conflictual relationship with his ex-wife, Mr. J was estranged from his two teenage children, and he had minimal sources of social support. His only prior contact with a mental health professional involved a child custody evaluation conducted two years prior to the current assessment. Mr. J’s ex-wife was granted full custody minus planned bi-weekly visitations with Mr. J.
The worker who conducted Mr. J’s intake interview described him as depressed, despondent, tearful, and withdrawn. He was characterized as speaking in a monotone and giving laconic responses to questions he was asked. He was fully oriented and showed no signs of thought disturbance. No significant history of acting out behavior was elicited. Mr. J acknowledged continuing suicidal ideation but denied current intent. He was diagnosed with a Major Depressive Disorder, Severe with Melancholic Features and accepted for treatment in an intensive outpatient program.
Case descriptions do not accompany MMPI-3 reports, but are provided here as background information. The following report was generated from Q-global™, Pearson’s web-based scoring and reporting application, using Mr. J’s responses to the MMPI-3. Additional MMPI-3 sample reports, product offerings, training opportunities, and resources can be found at PearsonAssessments.com/MMPI-3.
© 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Pearson, Q-global, and Q Local are trademarks, in the US and/or other countries, of Pearson plc. MMPI is a registered trademark of the Regents of the University of Minnesota. CLINA24805-A EL 6/20
Interpretive Report: Clinical Settings
MMPI®-3 Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory®-3 Yossef S. Ben-Porath, PhD, & Auke Tellegen, PhD
ID Number: Mr. J Age: 44 Gender: Male Marital Status: Not reported Years of Education: Not reported Date Assessed: 08/01/2020
Copyright © 2020 by the Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved. Distributed exclusively under license from the University of Minnesota by NCS Pearson, Inc. Portions reproduced from the MMPI-3 test booklet. Copyright © 2020 by the Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved. Portions excerpted from the MMPI-3 Manual for Administration, Scoring, and Interpretation. Copyright © 2020 by the Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved. Portions excerpted from the MMPI-3 Technical Manual. Copyright © 2020 by the Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved. Used by permission of the University of Minnesota Press.
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory and MMPI are registered trademarks of the University of Minnesota. Pearson is a trademark in the U.S. and/or other countries of Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliate(s).
This report contains copyrighted material and trade secrets. Qualified licensees may excerpt portions of this output report, limited to the minimum text necessary to accurately describe their significant core conclusions, for incorporation into a written evaluation of the examinee, in accordance with their profession's citation standards, if any. No adaptations, translations, modifications, or special versions may be made of this report without prior written permission from the University of Minnesota Press.
[ 1.0 / RE1 / QG1 ]
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MMPI-3 Validity Scales
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KLFBSFsFpFTRINVRIN
Raw Score:
Response %:
CRIN VRIN TRIN
Combined Response Inconsistency Variable Response Inconsistency True Response Inconsistency
1
39
F Fp Fs FBS RBS
Infrequent Responses Infrequent Psychopathology Responses Infrequent Somatic Responses Symptom Validity Scale Response Bias Scale
1
47
1
50
8
66
14
54
9
51
0
36
8
58
120
110
Cannot Say (Raw): 13
T Score: T
T
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L K
Uncommon Virtues Adjustment Validity
RBS
2
38
The highest and lowest T scores possible on each scale are indicated by a "---"; MMPI-3 T scores are non-gendered.
CRIN
2
39
100100 91 93 89 100 100 97 96 93
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MMPI-3 Higher-Order (H-O) and Restructured Clinical (RC) Scales
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RC9RC8RC7RC6RC4RC2RC1RCdBXDTHDEID
Raw Score:
T Score:
Response %:
EID THD BXD
Emotional/Internalizing Dysfunction Thought Dysfunction Behavioral/Externalizing Dysfunction
34
80
95
RCd RC1 RC2 RC4
Demoralization Somatic Complaints Low Positive Emotions Antisocial Behavior
RC6 RC7 RC8 RC9
Ideas of Persecution Dysfunctional Negative Emotions Aberrant Experiences Hypomanic Activation
2
46
100
17
80
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4
44
100
2
49
100
10
75
93
6
55
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1
50
93
1
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1
36
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Higher-Order Restructured Clinical
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The highest and lowest T scores possible on each scale are indicated by a "---"; MMPI-3 T scores are non-gendered.
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MMPI-3 Somatic/Cognitive Dysfunction and Internalizing Scales
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NFC ARXCMPSTR BRFANPWRYNUC EAT HLPCOG SFD
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T Score:
Response %:
MLS NUC EAT COG
Malaise Neurological Complaints Eating Concerns Cognitive Complaints
5
59
100
WRY CMP ARX ANP BRF
Worry Compulsivity Anxiety-Related Experiences Anger Proneness Behavior-Restricting Fears
SUI HLP SFD NFC STR
Suicidal/Death Ideation Helplessness/Hopelessness Self-Doubt Inefficacy Stress
3
100
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46
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0
44
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0
38
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7
86
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77
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7
78
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68
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49
6
65
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7
59
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2
63
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3
51
92
Somatic/Cognitive Internalizing
120
110
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MLS
88
72
SUI
The highest and lowest T scores possible on each scale are indicated by a "---"; MMPI-3 T scores are non-gendered.
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MMPI-3 Externalizing and Interpersonal Scales
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SFI SHYSAVACTIMPSUBJCP AGG DSFCYN DOM
Raw Score:
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ACT AGG CYN
Activation Aggression Cynicism
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59
FML JCP SUB IMP
Family Problems Juvenile Conduct Problems Substance Abuse Impulsivity
SFI DOM DSF SAV SHY
Self-Importance Dominance Disaffiliativeness Social Avoidance Shyness
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41
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45
4
58
1
48
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49
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37
9
55
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34
5
55
4
58
InterpersonalExternalizing
120
110
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The highest and lowest T scores possible on each scale are indicated by a "---"; MMPI-3 T scores are non-gendered.
FML
6
69
80 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 89 57 78 100
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MMPI-3 PSY-5 Scales
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INTRNEGEDISCPSYCAGGR
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Response %:
AGGR PSYC DISC NEGE INTR
Aggressiveness Psychoticism Disconstraint Negative Emotionality/Neuroticism Introversion/Low Positive Emotionality
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31
93
8
60
12
68
93
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47
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120
110
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86
The highest and lowest T scores possible on each scale are indicated by a "---"; MMPI-3 T scores are non-gendered.
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MMPI-3 T SCORES (BY DOMAIN)
PROTOCOL VALIDITY
SUBSTANTIVE SCALES
*The test taker provided scorable responses to less than 90% of the items scored on this scale. See the relevant profile page for the specific percentage. Scale scores shown in bold font are interpreted in the report. Note. This information is provided to facilitate interpretation following the recommended structure for MMPI-3 interpretation in Chapter 5 of the MMPI-3 Manual for Administration, Scoring, and Interpretation, which provides details in the text and an outline in Table 5-1.
Content Non-Responsiveness 13 39 39 54 T CNS CRIN VRIN TRIN
Over-Reporting 66* 50 47 51 58 F Fp Fs FBS RBS
Under-Reporting 36 38 L K
Somatic/Cognitive Dysfunction 46 59 38 44 46 RC1 MLS NUC EAT COG
Emotional Dysfunction 80 80 72 86 78 77 EID RCd SUI HLP SFD NFC
75 60* RC2 INTR
55 68 65 49* 59 51 63 68 RC7 STR WRY CMP ARX ANP BRF NEGE
Thought Dysfunction 49 50 THD RC6
44 RC8
47 PSYC
Behavioral Dysfunction 44 55 59* 48 58 BXD RC4 FML JCP SUB
36 45 41 49 55 RC9 IMP ACT AGG CYN
50 DISC
Interpersonal Functioning 37 34* 31 58* 55* 69 SFI DOM AGGR DSF SAV SHY
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SYNOPSIS
Scores on the MMPI-3 Validity Scales raise concerns about the possible impact of unscorable responses on the validity of this protocol. With that caution noted, scores on the Substantive Scales indicate emotional, behavioral, and interpersonal dysfunction. Emotional-internalizing findings include suicidal ideation, demoralization, lack of positive emotions, helplessness and hopelessness, self-doubt, perceived inefficacy, negative emotionality, stress, and worry. Behavioral-externalizing problems relate to lack of energy and engagement. Interpersonal difficulties include lack of self-esteem and social anxiety.
PROTOCOL VALIDITY
Content Non-Responsiveness Unscorable Responses The test taker answered less than 90% of the items on the following scales. The resulting scores may therefore be artificially lowered. In particular, the absence of elevation on these scales is not interpretable1. A list of all items for which the test taker provided unscorable responses appears under the heading "Item-Level Information."
Infrequent Responses (F): 89% Compulsivity (CMP): 88% Family Problems (FML): 80% Dominance (DOM): 89% Disaffiliativeness (DSF): 57% Social Avoidance (SAV): 78% Introversion/Low Positive Emotionality (INTR): 86%
Inconsistent Responding The test taker responded to the items in a consistent manner, indicating that he responded relevantly.
Over-Reporting The test taker may have over-reported general psychological dysfunction. The extent of possible over-reporting cannot be precisely determined because of 4 unscorable responses on the 35-item Infrequent Responses (F) scale. The following table shows what the T scores for F would be if the unscorable items had been answered in the keyed direction.
This interpretive report is intended for use by a professional qualified to interpret the MMPI-3. The information it contains should be considered in the context of the test taker's background, the circumstances of the assessment, and other available information.
The report includes extensive annotation, which appears as superscripts following each statement in the narrative, keyed to Endnotes with accompanying Research References, which appear in the final two sections of the report. Additional information about the annotation features is provided in the headnotes to these sections and in the MMPI-3 User's Guide for the Score and Clinical Interpretive Reports.
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See Chapter 5 of the MMPI-3 Manual for Administration, Scoring, and Interpretation for guidance on interpreting elevated scores on F.
Under-Reporting There are no indications of under-reporting in this protocol.
SUBSTANTIVE SCALE INTERPRETATION
Clinical symptoms, personality characteristics, and behavioral tendencies of the test taker are described in this section and organized according to an empirically guided framework. (Please see Chapter 5 of the MMPI-3 Manual for Administration, Scoring, and Interpretation for details.) Statements containing the word "reports" are based on the item content of MMPI-3 scales, whereas statements that include the word "likely" are based on empirical correlates of scale scores. Specific sources for each statement can be viewed with the annotation features of this report.
The following interpretation needs to be considered in light of cautions noted about the possible impact of unscorable responses on the validity of this protocol.
Somatic/Cognitive Dysfunction There are no indications of somatic or cognitive dysfunction in this protocol.
Emotional Dysfunction The test taker reports a history of suicidal/death ideation and/or past suicide attempts2. He likely is at risk for self-harm3, is preoccupied with suicide and death4, and is at risk for current suicidal ideation and attempts5.
His responses indicate considerable emotional distress that is likely to be perceived as a crisis6. More specifically, he reports experiencing significant demoralization, feeling overwhelmed, and being extremely unhappy, sad, and dissatisfied with his life7. He very likely complains about significant depression8 and experiences sadness and despair9. In particular, he reports having lost hope and believing he cannot change and overcome his problems and is incapable of reaching his life goals10. He very likely feels hopeless, overwhelmed, and that life is a strain11, believes he cannot be helped11 and gets a raw deal from life12, and lacks motivation for change13. He also reports lacking confidence, feeling worthless, and believing he is a burden to others14. He very likely experiences self-doubt, feels insecure and inferior, and is self-disparaging and intropunitive15. In addition, he reports being very indecisive and inefficacious, believing he is incapable of making decisions and dealing effectively with crisis situations, and even having difficulties dealing with small, inconsequential matters16. He very likely experiences subjective incompetence and shame17 and lacks perseverance and self-reliance18.
The test taker reports a lack of positive emotional experiences and a lack of interest19. He likely is pessimistic20
and presents with anhedonia21.
He reports experiencing an elevated level of negative emotionality22 and indeed likely experiences various negative emotions23. More specifically, he reports an above average level of stress24. He likely complains about
Scale: F T score based on scorable responses: 66 Cutoff for over-reporting concern: 75
If answered in the keyed direction The T score would be 1 69 2 72 3 75 4 78
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stress25 and feels incapable of controlling his anxiety level25. He also reports excessive worry, including worries about misfortune and finances, as well as preoccupation with disappointments26. He indeed likely worries excessively27 and ruminates28.
Thought Dysfunction There are no indications of disordered thinking in this protocol.
Behavioral Dysfunction There are no indications of maladaptive externalizing behavior in this protocol. The test taker reports a low energy level29 and indeed likely has a low energy level30 and is disengaged from his normal activities30.
Interpersonal Functioning Scales The test taker describes himself as lacking in positive qualities31.
He reports being shy, easily embarrassed, and uncomfortable around others32. He is likely to be socially introverted33 and inhibited34, anxious and nervous in social situations35, and viewed by others as socially awkward36.
DIAGNOSTIC CONSIDERATIONS
This section provides recommendations for psychodiagnostic assessment based on the test taker's MMPI-3 results. It is recommended that he be evaluated for the following, bearing in mind possible threats to protocol validity noted earlier in this report:
Emotional-Internalizing Disorders - Major depression and other anhedonia-related disorders37
- Features of personality disorders involving negative emotionality such as Dependent38
- Generalized anxiety disorder25
- Disorders involving excessive worry39
Interpersonal Disorders
- Social anxiety disorder (social phobia)40
TREATMENT CONSIDERATIONS
This section provides inferential treatment-related recommendations based on the test taker's MMPI-3 scores. The following recommendations need to be considered in light of cautions noted earlier about possible threats to protocol validity.
Areas for Further Evaluation - Risk for suicide should be assessed immediately41.
- Need for antidepressant medication42.
Psychotherapy Process Issues - Serious emotional difficulties may motivate him for treatment43.
- Indecisiveness may interfere with establishing treatment goals and progress in treatment44.
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Possible Targets for Treatment - Demoralization as an initial target45
- Loss of hope and feelings of despair as early targets for intervention46
- Low self-esteem and other manifestations of self-doubt47
- Anhedonia48
- Developing stress management skills49
- Excessive worry and rumination39
- Anxiety in social situations40
ITEM-LEVEL INFORMATION
Unscorable Responses Following is a list of items to which the test taker did not provide scorable responses. Unanswered or double answered (both True and False) items are unscorable. The scale(s) on which the items appear are in parentheses following the item content.
Item number and content omitted. (VRIN, SAV, INTR) Item number and content omitted. (CMP) Item number and content omitted. (TRIN, F, DSF) Item number and content omitted. (TRIN, F, FML) Item number and content omitted. (VRIN, DSF) Item number and content omitted. (FBS) Item number and content omitted. (DOM, AGGR) Item number and content omitted. (EID, RC2, SAV, INTR) Item number and content omitted. (RBS, L) Item number and content omitted. (F, FML) Item number and content omitted. (VRIN, DSF) Item number and content omitted. (VRIN, EID, ANP, NEGE) Item number and content omitted. (F, RC6)
Critical Responses Seven MMPI-3 scales—Suicidal/Death Ideation (SUI), Helplessness/Hopelessness (HLP), Anxiety-Related Experiences (ARX), Ideas of Persecution (RC6), Aberrant Experiences (RC8), Substance Abuse (SUB), and Aggression (AGG)—have been designated by the test authors as having critical item content that may require immediate attention and follow-up. Items answered by the individual in the keyed direction (True or False) on a critical scale are listed below if his T score on that scale is 65 or higher. However, any item answered in the keyed direction on SUI is listed. The percentage of the MMPI-3 normative sample that answered each item in the keyed direction is provided in parentheses following the item content.
Suicidal/Death Ideation (SUI, T Score = 72)
Item number and content omitted. (True, 22.2%) Item number and content omitted. (True, 8.1%) Item number and content omitted. (True, 2.5%)
Item number and content omitted. (True, 10.9%) Item number and content omitted. (True, 8.7%) Item number and content omitted. (True, 12.3%) Item number and content omitted. (True, 4.6%) Item number and content omitted. (True, 45.4%)
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Helplessness/Hopelessness (HLP, T Score = 86)
Item number and content omitted. (False, 22.0%) Item number and content omitted. (True, 8.4%)
User-Designated Item-Level Information The following item-level information is based on the report user's selection of additional scales, and/or of lower cutoffs for the critical scales from the previous section. Items answered by the test taker in the keyed direction (True or False) on a selected scale are listed below if his T score on that scale is at the user-designated cutoff score or higher. The percentage of the MMPI-3 normative sample that answered each item in the keyed direction is provided in parentheses following the item content. Demoralization (RCd, T Score = 80)
Item number and content omitted. (True, 11.3%) Item number and content omitted. (True, 44.5%) Item number and content omitted. (True, 14.9%) Item number and content omitted. (True, 29.4%) Item number and content omitted. (True, 41.0%) Item number and content omitted. (False, 15.7%) Item number and content omitted. (True, 35.3%) Item number and content omitted. (True, 23.9%) Item number and content omitted. (True, 21.9%) Item number and content omitted. (True, 21.5%) Item number and content omitted. (True, 58.0%) Item number and content omitted. (True, 27.8%) Item number and content omitted. (False, 46.0%) Item number and content omitted. (True, 28.7%) Item number and content omitted. (True, 25.7%) Item number and content omitted. (True, 32.0%) Item number and content omitted. (True, 22.0%)
Low Positive Emotions (RC2, T Score = 75)
Item number and content omitted. (False, 17.9%) Item number and content omitted. (False, 27.2%) Item number and content omitted. (False, 41.2%) Item number and content omitted. (False, 29.7%) Item number and content omitted. (True, 13.2%) Item number and content omitted. (False, 7.3%) Item number and content omitted. (False, 9.1%) Item number and content omitted. (False, 22.0%) Item number and content omitted. (False, 33.5%) Item number and content omitted. (False, 27.0%)
Self-Doubt (SFD, T Score = 78)
Item number and content omitted. (True, 11.3%) Item number and content omitted. (True, 29.4%) Item number and content omitted. (True, 41.0%) Item number and content omitted. (True, 11.8%) Item number and content omitted. (True, 28.7%) Item number and content omitted. (True, 14.6%) Item number and content omitted. (True, 32.0%)
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Inefficacy (NFC, T Score = 77)
Item number and content omitted. (True, 37.7%) Item number and content omitted. (True, 45.2%) Item number and content omitted. (True, 42.3%) Item number and content omitted. (True, 35.3%) Item number and content omitted. (True, 23.9%) Item number and content omitted. (True, 25.2%) Item number and content omitted. (True, 29.0%) Item number and content omitted. (True, 20.9%) Item number and content omitted. (True, 40.2%)
Stress (STR, T Score = 68)
Item number and content omitted. (False, 31.7%) Item number and content omitted. (False, 26.7%) Item number and content omitted. (True, 30.9%) Item number and content omitted. (True, 31.6%) Item number and content omitted. (False, 58.8%)
Worry (WRY, T Score = 65)
Item number and content omitted. (True, 42.5%) Item number and content omitted. (True, 26.3%) Item number and content omitted. (True, 40.6%) Item number and content omitted. (True, 54.0%) Item number and content omitted. (True, 57.8%) Item number and content omitted. (True, 50.9%)
Shyness (SHY, T Score = 69)
Item number and content omitted. (True, 27.8%) Item number and content omitted. (True, 29.1%) Item number and content omitted. (True, 38.0%) Item number and content omitted. (True, 38.6%) Item number and content omitted. (True, 52.2%) Item number and content omitted. (False, 32.3%)
Negative Emotionality/Neuroticism (NEGE, T Score = 68)
Item number and content omitted. (True, 31.2%) Item number and content omitted. (False, 26.7%) Item number and content omitted. (True, 16.9%) Item number and content omitted. (True, 26.3%) Item number and content omitted. (True, 38.4%) Item number and content omitted. (True, 40.6%) Item number and content omitted. (True, 46.0%) Item number and content omitted. (True, 26.0%) Item number and content omitted. (True, 35.8%) Item number and content omitted. (True, 59.1%) Item number and content omitted. (True, 54.0%) Item number and content omitted. (True, 50.9%)
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ENDNOTES
This section lists for each statement in the report the MMPI-3 score(s) that triggered it. In addition, each statement is identified as a Test Response, if based on item content, a Correlate, if based on empirical correlates, or an Inference, if based on the report authors' judgment. (This information can also be accessed on-screen by placing the cursor on a given statement.) For correlate-based statements, research references (Ref. No.) are provided, keyed to the consecutively numbered reference list following the endnotes.
1 Correlate: Response % < 90, Ref. 12 2 Test Response: SUI=72 3 Correlate: SUI=72, Ref. 7, 26, 31 4 Correlate: SUI=72, Ref. 4, 7, 20, 21, 30, 31, 32, 42, 45 5 Correlate: SUI=72, Ref. 4, 7, 20, 21, 31, 42, 43, 45 6 Correlate: EID=80, Ref. 7, 25, 33, 45 7 Test Response: RCd=80 8 Correlate: RCd=80, Ref. 1, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14, 16, 17, 18, 23, 24, 29, 30, 34, 36, 37, 38, 40, 41, 44, 45, 46,
47, 49, 50; RC2=75, Ref. 1, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 16, 17, 18, 23, 24, 34, 36, 37, 38, 40, 41, 45, 46, 47, 49, 50 9 Correlate: RCd=80, Ref. 7 10 Test Response: HLP=86 11 Correlate: HLP=86, Ref. 45 12 Correlate: RCd=80, Ref. 45; HLP=86, Ref. 45 13 Correlate: HLP=86, Ref. 7 14 Test Response: SFD=78 15 Correlate: SFD=78, Ref. 7, 45 16 Test Response: NFC=77 17 Correlate: NFC=77, Ref. 7 18 Correlate: NFC=77, Ref. 10 19 Test Response: RC2=75 20 Correlate: RC2=75, Ref. 15, 40, 45; HLP=86, Ref. 45 21 Correlate: RC2=75, Ref. 7, 45 22 Test Response: NEGE=68 23 Correlate: NEGE=68, Ref. 7 24 Test Response: STR=68 25 Correlate: STR=68, Ref. 7 26 Test Response: WRY=65 27 Correlate: WRY=65, Ref. 7 28 Correlate: WRY=65, Ref. 7; SFD=78, Ref. 7, 45 29 Test Response: RC9=36 30 Correlate: RC9=36, Ref. 7, 45 31 Test Response: SFI=37 32 Test Response: SHY=69 33 Correlate: SHY=69, Ref. 1, 2, 6, 7, 11 34 Correlate: SHY=69, Ref. 1, 6, 7, 45 35 Correlate: SHY=69, Ref. 6, 7, 10, 19, 30 36 Correlate: SHY=69, Ref. 7, 45 37 Correlate: RCd=80, Ref. 7, 22, 27, 28, 35, 41, 45, 48; RC2=75, Ref. 7, 22, 27, 28, 35, 41, 45, 48 38 Correlate: NEGE=68, Ref. 3, 7, 39 39 Inference: WRY=65 40 Inference: SHY=69 41 Inference: SUI=72 42 Correlate: RC2=75, Ref. 7 43 Inference: EID=80; RCd=80; NEGE=68 44 Inference: NFC=77 45 Inference: RCd=80
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46 Inference: HLP=86 47 Inference: SFD=78 48 Inference: RC2=75 49 Inference: STR=68
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RESEARCH REFERENCE LIST
The following studies are sources for empirical correlates identified in the Endnotes section of this report.
1. Anderson, J. L., Sellbom, M., Ayearst, L., Quilty, L. C., Chmielewski, M., & Bagby, R. M. (2015). Associations between DSM-5 Section III personality traits and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory 2-Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF) scales in a psychiatric patient sample. Psychological Assessment, 27(3), 801–815. https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0000096
2. Anderson, J. L., Sellbom, M., Pymont, C., Smid, W., De Saeger, H., & Kamphuis, J. H. (2015). Measurement of DSM-5 Section II personality disorder constructs using the MMPI-2-RF in clinical and forensic samples. Psychological Assessment, 27(3), 786–800. https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0000103
3. Anderson, J. L., Wood, M. E., Tarescavage, A. M., Burchett, D., & Glassmire, D. M. (2018). The role of dimensional personality psychopathology in a forensic inpatient psychiatric setting. Journal of Personality Disorders, 32(4), 447–464. https://doi.org/10.1521/pedi_2017_31_301
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25. Lanyon, R. I., & Thomas, M. L. (2013). Assessment of global psychiatric categories: The PSI/PSI-2 and the MMPI-2-RF. Psychological Assessment, 25(1), 227–232. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0030313
26. Laurinaityte, I., Laurinavicius, A., Ustinaviciute, L., Wygant, D. B., Sellbom, M. (2017). Utility of the MMPI-2 Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF) in a sample of Lithuanian male offenders. Law and Human Behavior, 41(5), 494–505. https://doi.org/10.1037/lhb0000254
27. Lee, T. T. C., Graham, J. R., & Arbisi, P. A. (2018). The utility of MMPI-2-RF scale scores in the differential diagnosis of schizophrenia and major depressive disorder. Journal of Personality Assessment, 100(3), 305–312. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.2017.1300906
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29. McDevitt-Murphy, M. E., Weathers, F. W., Flood, A. M., Eakin, D. E., & Benson, T. A. (2007). The utility of the PAI and the MMPI-2 for discriminating PTSD, depression, and social phobia in trauma-exposed college students. Assessment, 14(2), 181–195. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191106295914
30. Menton, W. H., Crighton, A. H., Tarescavage, A. M., Marek, R. J., Hicks, A. D., & Ben-Porath, Y. S. (2019). Equivalence of laptop and tablet administrations of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 Restructured Form. Assessment, 26(4), 661–669. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191117714558
31. Miller, S. N., Bozzay, M. L., Ben-Porath, Y. S., & Arbisi, P. A. (2019). Distinguishing levels of suicide risk in depressed male veterans: The role of internalizing and externalizing psychopathology as measured by the MMPI-2-RF. Assessment, 26(1), 85–98. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191117743787
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