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Using MIS

10th Edition

Chapter 4

Hardware, Software, and Mobile Systems

4-‹#›

This chapter discusses hardware, software, and open source alternatives, and defines basic terms and fundamental computing concepts. It briefly touches on new developments in self-driving cars, 3D printing, and the Internet of Things. Plus, it looks at the importance of Web applications and mobile systems.

“3D Printing Our Own Drones Isn’t Going to Save Us Enough Money.”

Investigating using 3D-printed parts to make drones in-house.

Cost-savings, greater flexibility updating current fleet.

Not enough parts can be replicated.

Nonprintable component parts.

Maybe not compatible with internal systems.

Passive recharging platform using 3D-printed parts a huge success.

Frustrating, costly to be on “bleeding edge.”

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GOALS

Show a realistic outcome for the team’s investigation: Falcon Security is not a manufacturer.

Demonstrate the innovative application of new 3D printing technology.

Chapter 3 discussed the processes and systems Falcon would have to build if it started manufacturing its own drones. What were some of those processes and systems they would have to build?

Study Questions

Q4-1 What do business professionals need to know about computer hardware?

Q4-2 How can new hardware affect competitive strategies?

Q4-3 What do business professionals need to know about software?

Q4-4 Is open source software a viable alternative?

Q4-5 What are the differences between native and Web applications?

Q4-6 Why are mobile systems increasingly important?

Q4-7 What are the challenges of personal mobile devices at work?

Q4-8 2027?

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Processors and Memory

Q4-1 What do business professionals need to know about computer hardware?

Central processing unit (CPU) - “the brain.”

Dual-processor and Quad-processor computers.

CPUs vary in speed, function, cost.

CPU works in conjunction with main memory (RAM).

CPU reads data and instructions from memory, and stores results of computation in memory.

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For a more detailed discussion of CPU architecture, refer them to http://www.inf.uni-konstanz.de/dbis/teaching/ws0304/computing-systems/download/rs-02.pdf.

Storage Hardware

Q4-1 What do business professionals need to know about computer hardware?

Save data and programs

Common storage devices

Non-volatile

Magnetic disks (Hard drive)

Solid-state storage (SSD)

Thumb drives

Optical disks (CD/DVD)

Volatile - cache and main memory

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Basic Types of Hardware

Figure 4-1 Basic Types of Hardware

Q4-1 What do business professionals need to know about computer hardware?

Hardware Type	Example(s)
Personal computer (PC) Including desktops and laptops	Apple Mac Pro
Tablet Including e-book readers	iPad, Microsoft Surface, Google Nexus, Kindle Fire
Smartphone	Samsung Galaxy, iPhone
Server	Dell PowerEdge Server
Server farm	Racks of servers (Figure 4-2)

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Server Farm

Figure 4-2 Server Farm

Source: © Andrew Twort/Alamy

Q4-1 What do business professionals need to know about computer hardware?

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Large server farms by Microsoft, Google and others cost $1B+ to build, and employ about a total of 50 people to operate.

Computer Data: Binary Digits (Bits)

Figure 4-3 Bits Are Easy to Represent Physically

Q4-1 What do business professionals need to know about computer hardware?

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Bits are used for computer data because they are easy to represent electronically.

Bits are used to represent electronically. A switch can be open or closed.

An open switch represents 0 or “off” and a closed switch represents “1” or “on.”

Important Storage Capacity Terminology

Figure 4-4 Important Storage-Capacity Terminology

Q4-1 What do business professionals need to know about computer hardware?

Term	Definition	Abbreviation
Byte	Number of bits to represent one character
Kilobyte	1,024 bytes	KB
Megabyte	1,024 KB = 1,048,576 bytes	MB
Gigabyte	1,024 MB = 1,073,741,824 bytes	GB
Terabyte	1,024 GB = 1,099,511,627,776 bytes	TB
Petabyte	1,024 TB = 1,125,899,906,842,624 bytes	PB
Exabyte	1,024 PB = 1,152,921,504,606,846,976 bytes	EB
Zettabyte	1,024 EB = 1,180,591,620,717,411,303,424 bytes	ZB

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All computer data are represented by bits. Data can be numbers, characters, currency amounts, photos, recordings, or whatever. All are simply a string of bits. Specifications for size of main memory, disk, and other computer devices are expressed in bytes.

Specifying Hardware with Computer Data Sizes

Q4-1 What do business professionals need to know about computer hardware?

Disk capacities specified by amount of bytes.

500 GB

CPU speed expressed in cycles called hertz.

Slow personal computer speed of 3 Gigahertz.

Fast PC 3.5+ GHz.

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For more information, see http://www.dummies.com/how-to/content/for-seniors-how-to-choose-computer-processor-speed.html.

Disruptive New Tech Hardware

Q4-2 How can new hardware affect competitive strategies?

Potentially disruptive hardware developments for existing organizations.

Internet of Things (IoT)

Digital Reality Devices

Self-driving Cars

3D Printing

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Explain categories of computer software.

Internet of Things (IoT)

Q4-2 How can new hardware affect competitive strategies?

Everyday objects embedded with hardware capable of sensing, processing, transmitting data.

Objects share data via a network with any other application, service, or device.

Figure 4-5 Smartphone Development

Source: Grgroup/Fotolia

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The network could be a communication company, company network, or the Internet.

Impact of the Internet of Things

Q4-2 How can new hardware affect competitive strategies?

GE’s Industrial Internet

Increase efficiencies, reduce waste, improve decision making.

Greatest potential for smart devices in hospitals, power grids, railroads, and manufacturing plants.

Smart buildings (Microsoft)

ID problems like wasteful lighting, competing heating and cooling systems, rogue fans, etc.

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Digital Reality Devices

Q4-2 How can new hardware affect competitive strategies?

Tremendous potential to revolutionize our daily lives.

Will create entirely new types of companies.

Change the way people live, work, shop, and entertain themselves.

Different levels of digital reality on a continuum from completely real environments to completely virtual environments.

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Digital Reality Devices (cont’d)

Q4-2 How can new hardware affect competitive strategies?

Augmented reality (AR) is the altering of reality by overlaying digital information on real-world objects.

Mixed reality (MR) is the combination of the real physical world with interactive virtual images or objects.

Virtual reality (VR), or a completely computer-generated virtual world with interactive digital objects.

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Digital Reality Devices (cont’d)

Figure 4-7 Levels of Digital Reality

	Reality	Augmented Reality	Mixed Reality	Virtual Reality
Example	Glasses	Google Glass	Microsoft Hololens	Facebook's Oculus Rift
Virtual Information	No	Yes	Yes	Yes
Virtual Objects	No	No	Yes	Yes
Virtual World	No	No	No	Yes

Q4-2 How can new hardware affect competitive strategies?

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Self-driving Cars by 2020

Q4-2 How can new hardware affect competitive strategies?

Make things easier, cheaper, safer.

Automobile accidents may become a thing of the past.

Car insurance eliminated (?).

Eliminate need to have multiple cars.

Avoid costly traffic tickets, parking tickets, DUI citations.

Figure 4-9 Future Cars Will Drive Themselves

Source: Dan Race/Fotolia

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Self-driving Cars Will Disrupt Businesses

Q4-2 How can new hardware affect competitive strategies?

Auto sales - Fewer cars on road may mean fewer cars sold.

Auto loans, insurance, collision repair shops.

More jobs for engineers, programmers, systems designers.

More computer hardware, sensors, and cameras in vehicles.

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How will self-driving cars disrupt your personal life? Eliminate pizza delivery jobs?

3D Printing

Q4-2 How can new hardware affect competitive strategies?

Plastics, metals, ceramics, foods, biological material.

Opportunities in aerospace, defense, automotive, entertainment, and healthcare industries.

What happens when 3D-print extra-large objects like cars, airplanes, boats, houses, drones, etc. becomes possible?

Figure 4-10 3D Printer

Source: Seraficus/iStock/Getty Images

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Existing 3D Printing Examples

Q4-2 How can new hardware affect competitive strategies?

ChefJet

Culinary artists and novices can produce intricate, beautiful, and fully customized deserts.

Living cells

Organs, bones, heart valves, skin, joints.

Houses & buildings

Print house in 24 hours.

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Categories of Computer Software

Figure 4-11 Categories of Computer Software

Q4-3 What do business professionals need to know about software?

	Operating System	Application Programs
Client	Programs that control the client computer’s resources	Applications that are processed on client computers
Server	Programs that control the server computer’s resources	Applications that are processed on server computers

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You need to know about functions of operating systems, servers, and applications. What are your choices? Which to choose?

Native applications

Thin-client vs. thick-client applications

Web applications

Major Operating Systems

Figure 4-12 Major Operating Systems

Q4-3 What do business professionals need to know about software?

Category	Operating System	Used for	Remarks
Nonmobile Clients	Windows	Personal computer clients	Most widely used operating system in business. Current version is Windows 10. Includes a touch interface.
	Mac OS	Macintosh clients	First used by graphic artists and others in arts community; now used more widely. First desktop OS to provide a touch interface. Current version is the macOS Sierra.
	Unix	Workstation clients	Popular on powerful client computers used in engineering, computer-assisted design, architecture. Difficult for the nontechnical user. Almost never used by business clients.
	Linux	Just about anything	Open source variant of Unix. Adapted to almost every type of computing device. On a PC, used with Libre Office application software. Rarely used by business clients.

4-‹#›

Some version of Windows resides on more than 85% of world’s desktops. For business users, it's more than 95%.

Major Operating Systems (cont’d)

Figure 4-12 Major Operating Systems

Q4-3 What do business professionals need to know about software?

Category	Operating System	Used for	Remarks
Mobile Clients	Symbian	Nokia, Samsung, and other phones	Popular worldwide, but less so in North America.
	BlackBerry OS	Research in Motion BlackBerries	Device and OS developed for use by business. Very popular in beginning, but losing market share to iOS and Android.
	iOS	iPhone, iPod Touch, iPad	Rapidly increasing installed base with success of the iPhone and iPad. Based on Mac OS X.
	Android	Samsung, Google, HTC, and Sony smartphones; tablets	Linux-based phone/tablet operating system from Google. Rapidly increasing market share.
	Windows 10 (mobile)	Nokia and Microsoft Surface	Windows 10 tailored specifically for mobile devices. Full Windows 10 on Surface Pro.
Servers	Windows Server	Servers	Businesses with a strong commitment to Microsoft.
	Unix	Servers	Fading from use. Replaced by Linux.
	Linux	Servers	Very popular. Aggressively pushed by IBM.

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Example of the Modern Interface

Figure 4-13 Example of the Modern-Style Interface

Source: Microsoft Corporation

Q4-3 What do business professionals need to know about software?

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Windows 8 is distinguished by what modern-style applications that are touch-screen oriented and provide context-sensitive, pop-up menus used with a mouse and keyboard.

Linux Mint Virtual Machine Running in Microsoft Windows 7 Professional

Figure 4-14 Linux Mint Virtual Machine Running in Microsoft Windows 7 Professional

Source: Microsoft Corporation

Q4-3 What do business professionals need to know about software?

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Windows Server Computer Hosting Two Virtual Machines

Figure 4-15 Windows Server Computer Hosting Two Virtual Machines

Source: Microsoft Corporation

Q4-3 What do business professionals need to know about software?

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Virtualization: process by which one computer hosts the appearance of many computers. One operating system, called the host operating system runs one or more operating systems as applications. Hosted operating systems are called virtual machines (vm).

Each virtual machine has disk space and other resources allocated to it. Operates as if installed on own computer.

Host operating system controls activities of virtual machines to prevent them from interfering with one another.

How Virtual Machine Example

Figure 4-16 Virtual Machine Example

Source: Microsoft Corporation

Q4-3 What do business professionals need to know about software?

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User of VM3 is running a browser accessing SharePoint.

Own Versus License

Q4-3 What do business professionals need to know about software?

License

Right to use specified number of copies.

Limits vendor’s liability.

Site License

Flat fee to install software product on all company computers or all computers at specific site.

Open Source

No license fee.

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You do not actually own a program—you own a license or right to use the program.

When you buy a Windows license, Microsoft is selling you the right to use Windows. Microsoft continues to own the Windows program.

Large organizations negotiate a site license that authorizes the company to install the product on all company computers or a specific site.

Linux, no company can sell you a license to use it. It is owned by the Open Source Community.

What Types of Applications Exist, and How Do Organizations Obtain Them?

Figure 4-17 Software Sources and Types

Q4-3 What do business professionals need to know about software?

4-‹#›

Horizontal-market application software provides capabilities common across all organizations and industries. Word processors, graphics programs, spreadsheets, and presentation programs are all horizontal-market application software.

Vertical-market application software serves the needs of a specific industry. Example of such programs are those used by dental offices to schedule appointments and bill patients.

One-of-a-kind application software is developed for a specific, unique need.

Because of the risk and expense, custom development is the last-choice alternative, used only when there is no other option.

What Is Firmware?

Q4-3 What do business professionals need to know about software?

Special software installed on read-only memory (ROM)

Printers, print servers, communication devices.

As if program’s logic is designed into device’s circuitry.

Can be changed and upgraded like other software, but normally a task for IS professionals.

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See for more information. https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firmware

New from CES 2016

So What?

Transparent and Flexible TVs

Looks like a normal piece of tinted glass when you’re done watching it.

LG’s new 18-inch flexible display rolls up like a sheet of paper.

DietSensor

Scans the food you’re about to eat and determines the amount of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in the food.

“it” Smart Bed

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Have students brainstorm:

1. What trends do you see pushing innovation in televisions? Why are these important to consumers?

2. What types of sensors like DietSensor might be useful for other IoT devices?

3. Why might doctors and nutritionists be interested in a device like DietSensor?

4. How could a smart bed benefit from being paired with a smartphone?

5. What other devices do you think could benefit from becoming “smart” devices? Why?

6. What security or privacy concerns might be associated with a smart fridge?

Examples of Open Source Software

Q4-4 Is open source software a viable alternative?

LibreOffice (default office suite in Linux distributions)

Firefox (a browser)

MySQL (a DBMS, see Chapter 5)

Apache (a Web server, see Chapter 6)

Ubuntu (a Windows-like desktop operating system)

Android (a mobile device operating system)

Cassandra (a NoSQL DBMS, see Chapter 5)

Hadoop (a BigData processing system, see Chapter 9)

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These are examples of successful open-source projects.

Why Do Programmers Volunteer Their Services to Open Source Projects?

Q4-4 Is open source software a viable alternative?

Exercise creativity on interesting & fulfilling projects.

Freedom to choose projects.

Exhibit skills to get a job.

Start a business selling services.

Succeeds because of collaboration.

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Programming is an intense combination of art and logic. Designing and writing a complicated computer program is exceedingly pleasurable (and addictive).

Programmers can exercise creativity while working on projects they find interesting and fulfilling.

Programmers can exhibit their skill, both for pride, finding a job or consulting employment, or start a business selling services to support an open source product.

Source Code Sample

Figure 4-18 Source Code Sample

Q4-4 Is open source software a viable alternative?

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Figure 4-18 shows a portion of the object-oriented computer code written for the ARES project.

Software

Source code: Human readable computer code

Machine code: Source code compiled into instructions executed directly by computer’s CPU

How Does Open Source Work?

Closed-source or proprietary software Only available to trusted employees and carefully vetted contractors.

Open-source software available to public.

Q4-4 Is open source software a viable alternative?

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Collaboration of many programmers

Examining source code and identifying a need, creates new feature or redesigns existing feature, or fixes a problem

Code evaluated and extended by others

Iteration, peer reviews and well-managed project yield high-quality code

So, Is Open Source Viable?

Q4-4 Is open source software a viable alternative?

Depends on requirements and constraints.

“Free” open source software might require support and operational costs exceeding cost of licensing fee.

Blending proprietary and open source software in future.

Closed source project

Highly protected source code, only available to trusted employees and carefully vetted contractors.

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Depends on requirements and constraints of situation. You will learn more about matching requirements and programs in Chapter 10.

Native vs. Web Applications

Figure 4-19 Characteristics of Native and Web Applications

Q4-5 What are the differences between native and Web applications?

	Native Applications	Web Applications
Development Languages	Objective-C Java C#, C++, VB.NET, Swift (object-oriented languages)	html5 css3 JavaScript (scripting language)
Developed by	Professional programmers, only	Professional programmers and technically oriented Web developers and business professionals
Skill level required	High	Low to high
Difficulty	High	Easy to hard, depending on application requirements
Developer's Degree	Computer science	Computer science Information systems Graphics design

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This figure contrasts native and Web applications.

Native applications run on just one operating system. Web applications run in browsers. In the latter case, the browser provides a more or less consistent environment for the application; the peculiarities of operating systems and hardware are handled by the browser’s code and hidden from the Web application.

Native vs. Web Applications (cont’d)

Figure 4-19 Characteristics of Native and Web Applications

Q4-5 What are the differences between native and Web applications?

	Native Applications	Web Applications
User Experience	Can be superb, depending on programming quality	Simple to sophisticated, depending on program quality
Possible applications	Whatever you can pay for…	Some limits prohibit very sophisticated applications
Dependency	iOS, Android, Windows	Browser differences, only
Cost	High. Difficult work by highly paid employees, multiple versions required.	Low to high ... easier work by lesser-paid employees, only multiple browser files necessary. Sophisticated applications may require high skill and pay.
Application distribution	Via application stores (e.g., Apple Store)	Via Web sites
Example	Vanguard iPad application (free in Apple's iTunes store)	Seafood Web site: www.wildrhodyseafood.com Picozu editor: www.picozu.com/editor

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Developing Native Applications

Q4-5 What are the differences between native and Web applications?

Run on any operating system and device.

Serious, heavy-duty, professional programming languages.

Objective-C, C#, C++, Swift, Java, VB.NET, etc.

Close control over computing device, enable creation of sophisticated and complex user interfaces.

Fast and efficient use of memory.

Limited to type of operating system.

Costly development.

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All of these languages are object-oriented, which means they can be used to create difficult, complex applications and, if used properly, will result in high-performance code that is easy to alter when requirements change.

Developing Web Applications

Q4-5 What are the differences between native and Web applications?

Web development languages: html5, css3, Javascript.

Browsers handle idiosyncrasies of operating system and underlying hardware.

html5: support for graphics, animation, 2D animations, other sophisticated user experiences.

css3: used with html5 to specify appearance of html coded content.

JavaScript: provides underlying logic of application.

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The benefit of such languages is that they give programmers close control over the assets of the computing device and enable the creation of sophisticated and complex user interfaces.

GetHuGames SpiroCanvas

Figure 4-20 GethuGames’ SpiroCanvas

Source: www.gethugames.in/spirocanvas/ Reprinted by permission

Q4-5 What are the differences between native and Web applications?

4-‹#›

Web application varies considerably. Some are simply fancy Web-based brochures (www.wildrhodyseafood.com), others are quite sophisticated, such as SpiroCanvas (http://GetHuGames.in/).

Sophisticated HTML5 Application

Figure 4-21 Sophisticated html5 Application

Source: Image created using the BioDigital Human (www.biodigital.com)

Q4-5 What are the differences between native and Web applications?

4-‹#›

Even more impressive www.biodigitalhuman.com (runs in Opera; may not yet work in other browsers).

Which Is Better?

Q4-5 What are the differences between native and Web applications?

Depends on:

Strategy and goals.

Application requirements.

Budget.

Schedule.

Tolerance for managing technical projects.

Need for application revenue.

Thin-client applications cheaper to develop and maintain.

May lack "Wow!" factor.

4-‹#›

Choice depends on strategy, particular goals, requirements for your application, budget, schedule, tolerance for managing technical projects, need for application revenue, and other factors.

In general, thin-client applications are cheaper to develop and maintain, but may lack Wow factor.

Ethics Guide: Free Apps for Data

Ethics Guide

How do you monetize “free” apps?

“If you’re not paying for it, you are the product.

Data Brokers

Snoopwall reports

Flashlight Apps

Require permission to access data about your location, network connectivity, USB storage, install shortcuts, receive data to/from the Internet, modify your system settings, and disable your screen lock.

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Goals

Sensitize students to their security exposure.

Ask the class these questions.

Why would your flashlight need your GPS coordinates? Who was getting this data? What were they using it for? It looks like someone had already thought of your data-harvesting idea.

Apply Kant’s categorical imperative and utilitarian perspectives to work Google should do about flashlight apps available on Google.

Free Apps For Data

Ethics Guide

Permissions	Super-Bright LED Flashlight	Brightest Flashlight Free	Brightest LED Flashlight	Flashlight	High-Powered Flashlight	Tiny Flashlight + LED
Take pictures and videos	X	X	X	X	X	X
Receive data from Internet	X		X		X
Control flashlight	X	X	X	X**	X	X
Change system display settings	X*		X*		X*
Modify system settings	X*		X*		X*
Prevent device from sleeping	X	X	X	X	X	X
View network connections	X	X	X	X	X	X
Full network access	X	X	X	X	X	X
Run at startup						X
Control vibration						X
Retrieve running apps			X*		X*
Modify or delete the contents of your storage		X	X*		X*
Read the contents of your storage		X	X*		X*
View Wi-Fi connections		X	X*		X*
Read phone status and identity		X	X		X*
Read Home settings and shortcuts		X		X*
Write Home settings and shortcuts				X*
Disable your screen lock				X*
Install shortcuts		X		X*
Uninstall shortcuts		X		X*
Approximate location		X			X*
Precise location		X			X*
Disable or modify status bar		X*
Draw over other apps			X**
Count 2013	20	15	13	9	15	6
Count 2014	8	15	13	9	15	7
Count 2016	6	14	8	5	6	7
* Dropped for 2016
** Added for 2016

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The bottom three rows show the changes in the number of permissions from 2013, 2014, and 2016.

Seeing all of the permissions required by simple flashlight apps is distressing. Why would your flashlight need your GPS coordinates? Who was getting this data? What were they using it for? It looks like someone had already thought of your data-harvesting idea. It may be too late to make any money off the free-app-for-individual-data scheme. All of a sudden, these free apps don’t look as attractive to you—as a consumer.

Elements of Mobile Systems

Figure 4-22 Elements of a Mobile Information System

Q4-6 Why are mobile systems increasingly important?

4-‹#›

Major elements in a mobile system are users in motion, mobile devices, wireless connectivity, and a cloud-based resource.

Five Components of Mobile Change and Opportunity

Figure 4-23 Five Components of Mobile Change and Opportunity

Q4-6 Why are mobile systems increasingly important?

	Hardware	Software	Data	Procedures	People
Impact of mobile systems growth	Many, many more mobile devices will be sold.	Compact interfaces; new technology for active users; application scaling.	More data, but more information? Less device real estate means fewer ads possible.	Always on, always at work. Employee lifestyle becomes hybrid of personal and professional.	Ability to thrive in a dynamic environment more important.
Industry changes	PCs less important; high demand (and requirement) for innovative devices as well as cheap copycats.	html5, css3, and JavaScript increase capability of thin-clients.	Loss of control. Ad model in danger?	Personal mobile devices at work.	More part-time employees and independent contractors.
Career opportunities	Jobs for mobile device sales, marketing, support.	New technology levels the playing field for html5. Business expertise needed for mobile requirements. New companies!	Reporting and data mining even more important. Design of effective mobile reports.	Innovative use of just-in-time data. Need for adjusting business processes gives another premium to nonroutine problem solvers.	Independent contractors (and some employees) work where and when they want. What is this new social organism?

4-‹#›

Mobile systems have major impact on business and society today–an impact forcing industry change while creating new career opportunities for mobile-IS-savvy professionals and large numbers of new, interesting mobile-IS-related jobs.

At the end of 2015 there were 7.9 billion mobile devices generating 3.7 exabytes of traffic per month. By 2020, this will jump to 11.6 billion mobile devices generating more than 30.6 exabytes per month. That’s 1.5 devices for every person on the planet. Smartphones will account for nearly 72 percent of global mobile traffic.

Personal Mobile Devices at Work

Figure 4-24 Advantages and Disadvantages of Employee Use of Mobile Systems at Work

Q4-7 What are the challenges of personal mobile devices at work?

Advantages	Disadvantages
Cost savings	Data loss or damage
Greater employee satisfaction	Loss of control
Reduced need for training	Compatibility problems
Higher productivity	Risk of infection
Reduced support costs	Greater support costs

4-‹#›

Organizations have a love/hate relationship with their employees’ use of their own mobile devices at work. They love the cost-saving possibility of having employees buy their own hardware, but they hate the increased vulnerability and loss of control.

Whatever the costs and risks, employees are bringing their own devices to work. Ignoring the issue will simply make matters worse.

Survey of Organizational BYOD Policy

Figure 4-25 Six Common BYOD Policies

Q4-7 What are the challenges of personal mobile devices at work?

4-‹#›

A BYOD policy is a statement concerning employees’ permissions and responsibilities when they use their own device for organizational business.

Advantages of Example BYOD Policies

Figure 4-26 Advantages of Example BYOD Policies

Q4-7 What are the challenges of personal mobile devices at work?

BYOD Policy	Description	Advantage to Organization
They don’t exist	Organization looks the other way when employees bring mobile devices to work.	None
We’ll be a coffee shop	You’ll be able to sign in to our wireless network using your mobile device.	Packet sniffing of employee mobile device use at work.
We’ll offer limited systems you can access from any device	Organization creates https applications with sign-in and offers access to noncritical business systems.	Employees gain public access from any device, not just mobile devices, without having to use VPN accounts.
You’re responsible for damage	Threatening posture to discourage employee use of mobile devices at work.	Appear to be permissive without actually being so.
We’ll check it out, reload software, then manage remotely	Employees can use their mobile devices just as if they were computers provided by the corporate IS department.	Employee buys the hardware (perhaps with an employer's contribution).
If you connect it, we own it	Employees are not to use mobile devices at work. If they do, they lose them. Part of employment agreement.	Ultimate in control for highly secure work situations (intelligence, military).

4-‹#›

BYOD policies are rapidly evolving and many organizations have not determined what is best for them. If your employer has a committee to develop such policies, join it if you can. Doing so will provide a great way to gain exposure to the leading technology thinkers at your organization.

Hardware, Software, and Mobile Systems in 2027?

Q4-8 2027?

Always on, always connected, always communicating, always working, and playing trend continues.

Internet of Things

Home analyzes you; see what, how, when you do things, anticipate your needs.

Same at work.

Hot jobs today – IoT architect, marketing technologist, BigData architect, and DevOps manager.

Best-paying jobs in 2026 don’t currently exist.

To prepare, cultivate creativity, novel problem solving, good judgment, develop sincere desire to learn new things.

4-‹#›

Smart Home

Figure 4-27 Smart Home

Source: Si-Gal/iStock Vectors/Getty Images

Q4-8 2027?

4-‹#›

Poisoned App-les

Security Guide

Apple reported that dozens of apps available on the App Store contained a malware application named XcodeGhost.

Accessed user credentials

Hijacked URLs

Able to read and write data on devices

Compromised other iOS apps.

More than 500 million iOS users could have been exposed.

4-‹#›

GOALS

Understand how major security events affect technology companies.

Learn how a vulnerability can be exploited.

Sensitize students to the possible side effects of password reuse.

Poisoned App-les (cont’d)

Security Guide

Apple notified users that the dangerous apps had been removed from the App Store.

Key Point: An app does not have to be considered malware to be dangerous or invasive.

Do users end up paying for apps with their privacy?

Can developers change the terms of privacy agreements after a user has agreed to a prior version of the terms?

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GOALS

Understand how major security events affect technology companies.

Learn how a vulnerability can be exploited.

Sensitize students to the possible side effects of password reuse.

Technical Account Manager

Career Guide

Alfredo Zorrilla at Microsoft Corp.

Q. What attracted you to this field?

A. “Working as a technical account manager is a great way to combine relationship management with technical planning and troubleshooting. I didn’t want to just sit at a desk all day and "crush code." I also wanted to be involved in high-level strategy discussions with BDMs (business decision makers) and TDMs (technical decision makers).”

Q. What advice would you give to someone who is considering working in your field?

A. “… demonstrate you are an expert in one or two things but can also speak reasonably well to many others… because many platforms are becoming increasingly interdependent.”

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Active Review

Q4-1 What do business professionals need to know about computer hardware?

Q4-2 How can new hardware affect competitive strategies?

Q4-3 What do business professionals need to know about software?

Q4-4 Is open source software a viable alternative?

Q4-5 What are the differences between native and Web applications?

Q4-6 Why are mobile systems increasingly important?

Q4-7 What are the challenges of personal mobile devices at work?

Q4-8 2027?

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The Apple of Your i

Case Study 4

Created mobile markets with iPod, iPhone, iPad.

Opened own stores.

Open and inviting sales floor, Genius Bar help desk, incredibly well-trained and disciplined sales force.

Pioneered Internet sale of music and applications.

Tripled market share in three years.

Second largest public company in world.

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List of world’s biggest public companies. http://www.forbes.com/global2000/list/#tab:overall

The Apple of Your i (cont’d)

Figure 4-28 Growth in Apple Stock Price

Source: Financial data from finance.yahoo.com

Case Study 4

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10e 2017

David M. Kroenke Randall J. Boyle

Using MIS