final assessment MN

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Depression among Teenagers

Annotated Bibliography and Reflection

Millie Ni

ENGL 135 A03

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Please mark the highlighted source, thanks!

Scholarly and peer-reviewed Source 1:

Bowes, L., Joinson, C., Wolke, D., & Lewis, G. (2015). Peer victimisation during

adolescence and its impact on depression in early adulthood: Prospective cohort study in

the united kingdom. BMJ : British Medical Journal, 350(jun02 2), h2469-h2469.

doi:10.1136/bmj.h2469

The authors of this article describe an observational case study performed in the UK

to investigate the correlation between bullying and victimization at an early age with teenage

depression. Six thousand seven hundred nineteen participants from the Longitudinal Study of

Parents and Children aged 18 were studied. It was revealed that the risk of depression

increased two times because teenagers who reported being bullied early on in their lives

compared to those that reported no bullying. The cause of such a major upsurge, according to

the authors, is the fact that children spend much more time with peers their age than with

adult family, and are therefore more likely to come into contact with traumatizing experiences

which lead to behavioral problems. The participants' symptoms and levels of victimization

were assessed through computerized questionnaires and interviews. They were then

diagnosed based on the definition of depression by the International Classification of Disease,

10th Edition (ICD-10). The authors also mentioned that perpetrators of the victimization

showed high levels of behavioral problems and aggression, which later developed into

depression. The case study's female participants reported a higher frequency of being

victimized in their early lives and showed more depression symptoms than the male

participants. The female participants were also less likely to report the bullying. A positive

correlation between parents associated with the lower class, having low education, and more

unreported victimization was also found. The authors also mentioned the transference and

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increase in severity of depression symptoms to adulthood. This article was particularly

helpful for my main Research Paper as it talks exclusively about the major causes of

depression in teenagers, which is also the topic of my paper. Not much research has been

done on this correlation, so this case study was supportive of the points made in my research.

Scholarly and peer-reviewed Source 2:

Al-Subaie, A. S. (1998). Smoking and its relationship to depression and anxiety among saudi

university students. International Journal of Mental Health, 27(3), 86-95.

doi:10.1080/00207411.1998.11449436

In this journal article, the authors explore the depths of an observational case study

performed to investigate the relation between smoking and depression in teenagers. For this

purpose, 79 Saudi students were selected randomly, including an equal number of males and

females for a pilot study. Their smoking habits were assessed and divided into various levels

of smoking defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) questionnaire on smoking.

Then the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale was used to assess the state of mental health

of the students through interviews. It was concluded that there was a high positive correlation

between smoking and depressive, anxious symptoms. The primary study, including 911

participants, revealed the same results. The authors have made an in-depth exploration into

the cons of smoking and pointed out the alarmingly increasing rise of the tobacco industry

and tobacco imports in Saudi Arabia. The findings of the study were presented divided

according to various categories such as gender, social status, parents' smoking habits, etc. The

major reasons for differences in various categories were also discussed in detail as well as

reasons that motivated the students to resort to smoking. The participants were assessed

according to an established and well-stated chart of symptoms such as "anxious thoughts and

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feelings," "physical restlessness," "feeling slowed down," "loss of sense of humor," etc. The

study also revealed some astonishing facts that added substance to my report, such as more

frequency of smokers in females than males. The article is also unique in that there are not

many case studies performed associated with this topic, and this article provides not only the

data but also an in-depth look into what the data implies as well as the reasons, causes, and

consequences of the findings.

3. DiMaria, L. (2020). Depression during Puberty. Verywellmind.com.

The article is targeted towards parents of pubescent children. It outlines the

differences between the moodiness and withdrawal associated with this developmental stage

and depression during puberty. The author lists a variety of symptoms to help parents spot

when their children need mental help and also highlights the main reasons of depression

among teens going through puberty. The main reasons listed an increase in Estrogen and

Testosterone, physical development, stressful life events due to an increase in academic

burdens and more social relationships, etc. The author highlights the major impact teenage

depression can have on their lives and puts forward some necessary steps that must be taken

to help children dealing with these issues. Different levels of depression are mentioned, along

with different treatments for each. Overall, the article is extremely helpful for people that are

also the target audience for my report and is therefore substantially supportive of the report.

Scholarly and peer reviewed source 4:

Thapar, A., Collishaw, S., Pine, D. S., & Thapar, A. K. (2012). Depression in

adolescence. The Lancet (British Edition), 379(9820), 1056-1067. doi:10.1016/S0140-

6736(11)60871-4

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This article mainly highlights the differences between adult and teenage depressions

as well as the major reasons for teenage depression. The author explains the various reasons

teenage depression is missed more than adult depression. According to the author, the major

reasons for teenage depression are the hormonal, mental, and chemical changes that occur

during puberty, such as neuroendocrine changes, environmental impact on genetic forces, etc.

Environmental factors such as more social relationships, social class, and status, country, etc.,

are also highlighted. Sex differences between males and females associated with depression

and its reasons are also explored. The order emphasizes short-term and long-term outcomes

of teenage depression as remitting and re-emerging as serious disorders in later life. The

article clarifies how to detect, diagnose, and treat teenage depression, which lends an

appropriate organization to my report by detailing information to wrap up the paper.

Reflection

In the domain of mental health, I wanted to come up with something educational and

relevant, so I chose the topic "depression in teenagers." Once I had figured out that my

report's main concern would be to explore the causes of depression in teenagers, I set about

making a list of those causes, which I then used as keywords in my search for relevant topics.

The keywords included "depression," "anxiety," "teenagers," "victimization," "smoking,"

"cigarettes," "hormones," etc. To get access to articles, I used the reputable digital library

Jstor.

To choose which articles to use, I focused on observational case reports. They would

be the most helpful sources of getting reliable data and providing validation for the points

made in my report. Then I narrowed those down based on relevance to my report and then

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further on the researchers' qualifications and authors. The first source was chosen as it was

relevant, and the researchers and authors were associated with the psychology, psychiatry,

and mental health departments of reputable universities. The author of the second article is

also a psychology professor at a reputable university in Saudi Arabia. The third article was

chosen as it was medically reviewed by a professional despite being non-peer-reviewed. The

last article was chosen from a reputable peer-reviewed journal and contained information I

could use to conclude and wrap up my report. All the points made by the authors are derived

from proper research and published in proper journals associated with the field of medicine

and mental health. Most of the sources were published in recent years. Considering the topic

of my research, that is important as new information is unearthed all the time. Using recent

articles ensures that all the information is up-to-date. Overall, the sources used are very

authentic and reliable.

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6.1

Index of comments

2.1 Spell out numbers of this magnitude.

2.2 This clause is unclear. Perhaps "because" is the wrong word? Be sure to provide in-text citations every time that you quote or paraphrase information from your source. This applies throughout your annotations and will apply to the research paper too.

2.3 Interesting finding. Will your own argument focus on gender differences?

3.1 Your final two sentences round-out the paragraph by building a bridge to your own argument, but there is room to be more specific about the connections you are drawing.

3.2 Include parenthetical citations.

3.3 Avoid the passive voice because it is wordy and doesn't clarify the subject (https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/general _writing/academic_writing/active_and_passive_voice/active_versus_passive_voice.html).

4.1 Parenthetical citation needed.

4.2 Your concluding statements indicate that you are interested in the article's method, but it's not clear what are the main connections to your own argument.

5.1 Good work finding a specific topic and using research skills.

6.1 You provide a thorough justification of how you checked these articles for credibility: good work. As you move forward with this project, I encourage you to think about how you will approach the issue of teenage depression. Are you most focused on prevention? Treatment? Something else?

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