447

Study Citation

Design

Method

Sample

Data Collection

Data Analysis

Validity

Reliability

Magill, S. S., O’Leary, E., Janelle, S. J., Thompson, D. L., Dumyati, G., Nadle, J., & Ray, S. M. (2018). Changes in prevalence of health care–associated infections in US Hospitals. New England Journal of Medicine, 379(18), 1732-1744.

Longitudinal and multivariable log-binomial regression modeling

At Emerging Infections Program sites in 10 states, we recruited up to 25 hospitals in each site area, prioritizing hospitals that had participated in the 2011 survey.

Random samples of patients in acute care locations were selected from hospitals’ morning censuses on the survey date with the use of the method that had been used in the 2011 survey

Trained staff of the Emerging Infections Program sites reviewed medical records on the survey date or retrospectively to collect basic demographic and clinical data.

In 2015, a total of 12,299 patients in 199 hospitals were surveyed, as compared with 11,282 patients in 183 hospitals in 2011. Pneumonia, gastrointestinal infections and surgical-site infections were the most common health care–associated infections.

The CDC determined the survey to be a non-research activity.

Point-prevalence surveys of health care–associated infections in health care settings complement location- or infection-specific National Healthcare Safety Network data.

Zuarez-Easton, S., Zafran, N., Garmi, G., & Salim, R. (2017). Postcesarean wound infection: prevalence, impact, prevention, and management challenges. International journal of women's health, 9, 81.

Randomized trials, cohort, case–control, review, and meta-analysis were eligible.

Several electronic databases were searched from inception through June 2016: MEDLINE, PubMed, Ovid, and the Cochrane Library.

100,000 maternities compared to the period between 2003 and 2005

Data was collected through maternal comorbidities, appropriate antibiotic prophylaxis, and evidence-based surgical techniques practices.

Cesarean delivery is one of the most frequent surgical interventions performed worldwide and accounts for up to 60% of deliveries in a number of countries

Two authors (SZE and RS) selected articles first through focused review of abstracts. Eligible studies underwent full-text review.

The research Reviewed maternal death in the UK over a period of 3 years (2006–2008).

Chu, K., Maine, R., & Trelles, M. (2015). Cesarean section surgical site infections in sub-Saharan Africa: a multi-country study from Medecins Sans Frontieres. World journal of surgery, 39(2), 350-355.

Logistic regression was used to model determinants of SSI.

This study included data from four emergency obstetric programs supported by Medecins sans Frontieres, from Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), and Sierra Leone.

1,276 women underwent CS.

Data were prospectively collected using a standardized paper form and then entered into an electronic database.

Baseline characteristics were described using medians and interquartile ranges (IQRs) for continuous variables and counts and percentages for categorical data.

SSI leads to increased treatment time and possible reoperation.

Study demonstrates that surgery can be performed with a low incidence of SSI in SSA, a proxy for surgical safety.

Kapadia, B. H., Berg, R. A., Daley, J. A., Fritz, J., Bhave, A., & Mont, M. A. (2016). Periprosthetic joint infection. The Lancet, 387(10016), 386-394.

3 phased multi-facility

Quasi-experimental prospective design. Baseline intervention

Several

database

were

searched,

Embase,

Medline

Ovid, Webof-

science,

CINAHL

EBSCO,

Cochrane

Library,

PubMed

Publisher

and Google

Scholar

A total of 679 010 primary knee arthroplasty

cases were sampled

Data were collected using survey observation, longitudinal design.

no significant difference in the incidence of

periprosthetic joint infection depending on the method

of fixation could be shown

High volume

hospitals have a higher risk for prosthetic

joint infection than low-volume hospitals,

The study

was

conducted

in a single

facility

Weinshel, K., Dramowski, A., Hajdu, Á., Jacob, S., Khanal, B., Zoltán, M., ... & Singh, N. (2015). Gap analysis of infection control practices in low-and middle-income countries. infection control & hospital epidemiology, 36(10), 1208-1214.

The Infection Control Assessment Tool (ICAT) was field tested

Six international sites located in Argentina, Greece, Hungary, India, Nepal, and South Africa

Hospitals with number of beds ranging from 645 to 2,245.

Through standardized questionnaire with multiple sections and point values

Data from the sites were totaled, scored, and analyzed on the basis of World Bank economy classification.

The sterilization and disinfection of equipment included availability of policies and procedures.

The surveys were completed by the healthcare epidemiologists (SHEA international ambassadors) who were familiar with IC practices and policies of their hospitals

Bischoff, P., Kubilay, N. Z., Allegranzi, B., Egger, M., & Gastmeier, P. (2017). Effect of laminar airflow ventilation on surgical site infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 17(5), 553-561.

meta–analyses

MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and WHO regional medical databases were searched.

1947 records were sampled

Two independent investigators extracted the data, with disagreements which resolved through further discussion

Eight cohort studies was analyzed using RevMan (version 5.3), and appeared that there is no difference in risk for deep SSIs following total hip arthroplasty.

They used grading of recommendations assessment, development, and evaluation to assess the quality of the identified evidence.

Researchers included the studies discussing the use of laminar airflow in the operating room regarding the reduction of overall or deep SSI