final project

Running head: MILESTONE 1

MILESTONE 4

Milestone

NAME

PSY-550-Measurement & Assessment

Dr. Frye

February 19, 2023

Milestone

Introduction

The vignette that I have chosen for the final project is Vignette One. Ms. G, a 33-year-old white woman living alone, was recommended for an examination to better understand the nature of her condition. Ms. G's presenting issues include anxiety, depression, and difficulty focusing. The two tests used to evaluate her are the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). Specifically, Ms. G's high scores on the dependent and masochistic scales of the MCMI-III indicate that she may have difficulties in interpersonal interactions (García-Batista et al., 2018). Her high scores on the egotistical and depressive measures suggest that she also struggles with anxiety and depression, as well as low self-esteem and an unclear sense of who she is. Because she scored so low on the borderline scale, it is possible that she doesn't have a borderline personality disorder.

Test One

Anxiety can be measured with the help of the BAI, a self-report instrument. 21 items on the exam assess several aspects of anxiety, including how it makes you feel emotionally, mentally, and physically (Toledano-Toledano et al., 2020). If the customer does not encounter a symptom, they should rate it as 0; if they experience it frequently, they should rate it as 3. Total BAI scores can range from 0 to 63, with higher numbers suggesting a more severe case of anxiety.

The target audience that the test is intended are adults aged 17 to 80 years who are English-speaking. The BAI has been normed for clinical and non-clinical populations, and separate norms are available for male and female populations. The test yields information on the severity of anxiety symptoms, including the physical, emotional, and cognitive symptoms. It provides total and individual item scores that can be used to identify the specific symptoms the client is experiencing. The BAI is both reliable and valid across several different populations. The test has high internal consistency and test-retest reliability, indicating that it measures anxiety symptoms consistently over time (Toledano-Toledano et al., 2020). The BAI also has good convergent and divergent validity, indicating that it measures what it intends to measure and no other constructs.

Test Two

The BDI-II is a self-report assessment that assesses the intensity of depression symptoms. The test consists of 21 items that examine the cognitive, emotional, and somatic symptoms of depression. If the customer does not encounter a symptom, they should rate it as 0, and if they experience it frequently, they should rate it as 3 (García-Batista et al., 2018). The overall score of the BDI-II runs from 0 to 63, with higher levels reflecting higher chronic depression. The populations for which the test is normed are adults aged 13 to 80 years who are English-speaking. The BDI-II has been normed for clinical and non-clinical populations, and separate norms are available for male and female populations. The test yields information on the severity of depressive symptoms, including the cognitive, affective, and physical symptoms. It provides total and individual item scores that can be used to identify the specific symptoms the client is experiencing.

The sustainability and accuracy of the BDI-II have been proven in a number of demographics. The test has high internal consistency and test-retest reliability, indicating that it measures depressive symptoms consistently over time (García-Batista et al., 2018). The BDI-II also has good convergent and divergent validity, indicating that it measures what it intends to measure and no other constructs.

References

García-Batista, Z. E., Guerra-Peña, K., Cano-Vindel, A., Herrera-Martínez, S. X., & Medrano, L. A. (2018). Validity and reliability of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) in general and hospital population of Dominican Republic. PLOS ONE, 13(6). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0199750

Toledano-Toledano, F., Moral de la Rubia, J., Domínguez-Guedea, M. T., Nabors, L. A., Barcelata-Eguiarte, B. E., Rocha-Pérez, E., Luna, D., Leyva-López, A., & Rivera-Rivera, L. (2020). Validity and reliability of the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) for family caregivers of children with cancer. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(21), 7765. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17217765