music literatur

Medieval

Renaissance

Baroque

Major Social, Cultural, Historical Events

- Began with the fall of West Roman Empire

- Crusades / Hundred Years' War / The Black Death

- Period of developing cultural growth, establishing Catholic churches, towns, and founding universities

- Music became more important on a social level

- Gothic Period (1100-1400):

- Scholasticism : way of systematically analyzing every aspect of intellectual and religious life within set of rules

- Through scholasticism, music and art became more formulated

- Artists and composers unable to freely express their creativity

- Social period where people started taking interest in learning ancient times (beauty of Ancient Greece and Rome)

- Humanism: intellectual movement focused on human life and its accomplishments

- Aristocrats and upper classes considered music important hobby to keep Renaissance ideal of 'universal man'

- Period where Printing Press was invented

- Monarchs had full and complete power during this era - Age of Absolution

- Telescope was invented during this period - Balls, banquets, ballets, operas, and plays were thrown by kings and princes to proclaim their greatness

- Scientific advances led to new inventions

- Medicine, mining, navigation, and industry improved gradually

Major Genres of Vocal Music, Purpose, and Type of Texture of the Genres

- Gregorian Chant (Plain Chant) was stepping stone where Western music began to take off

- Organum

- Mass

- Motet

- Secular Vocal Music:

1. Fresh Secular Songs

- Chanso

- Sirventes

- Planh

- Pastourelle

- Chanson de toile

- Chanson de geste

2. German Secular Songs

- Minnelied

- -

- Meistergesang

- Secular music became more prominent

- First use of Bass Register - Sacred Music: 1. Motet 2. Mass 3. Chorale

- Unity of Mood

- Rhythm - Melody and use of Ornaments

- Dynamics

- Textures

- Tonality

- Development of instrumental music and its expansion

Major Genres of Instrumental Music, Purpose, and Type of Texture of the Genres

- A. Strings :

1. Vielle

2. Psaltery

3. Gittern

- B. Wind :

1. Transverse Flute

2. Recorder

3. Pan Flute

4. Gemshorn

5. Bagpipes

- C. Brass :

1. Shawm

2. Sackbut or Trombone

3. Trumpet (without valves)

- D. Keyboard :

1. Organ

- Lute was the most prominent instrument of this era

- Secular Music:

1. Chanson

2. Madrigal (Word Painting)

- Melodic Lines move in a flowing manner is the quality of movement of a melody including nearness or farness of notes and is used to distinguish the melody from the verses and captivate the audience

- Use of Special Bass Line:

- Ground Bass

- Basso Continuo

- Figured Bass

Names of People or Composers whom You Need to Remember.

(List Names ONLY)

- Pope Gregory I

- Hildegard of Bingen

- Guillaume de Machaut

- Josquin Des Prez

- Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina

- Johannes Gutenberg - Carlo Gesualdo

- Alessandro Scarlatti

- Johann Froberger - Antonio Vivaldi

- George Frideric Handel

- Johann Sebastian Bach

- Galileo Galilei

- Isaac Newton