DB4101A

MIDDLE EAST REGION 1

MIDDLE EAST REGION 2

Comment by Adam: Hi, ZENESH, and welcome to the Online Writing Center (OWC).    I cannot edit the paper for you, but I will make some helpful suggestions and point out opportunities for improvement. I cannot point out every instance of every issue, so please take those I do point out and use them as examples of kinds of things you can look for during your revising and editing.  When you see the words “Apply throughout,” this indicates that I will no longer explicitly comment on similar errors. You will need to locate and change other instances of like errors throughout the remainder of your paper.   Be sure to review the Turabian formatting requirements before submitting your paper for final grading. Compare your paper against both the template from your professor and the Liberty requirements for formatting. There is a great online resource for the basics of Turabian formatting at https://www.liberty.edu/academics/casas/academicsuccess/index.cfm?PID=11954.     I hope these comments help!    If you have any specific questions that I did not address here, feel free to email the OWC at [email protected] or schedule a live appointment at https://www.liberty.edu/online/casas/writing-center/ Also, please be sure to complete the Student Satisfaction Survey located at the bottom of your completed request.    Thanks for using the OWC,    Adam S.   Disclaimer: Remember that the OWC is not an editing service. Our comments and suggestions are not exhaustive. Our service is designed to help you recognize and correct your writing so that you can become a better writer. Except where otherwise noted, formatting suggestions follow the latest (9th) edition of A Manual for Writers by Kate L. Turabian.   Comment by Adam: Liberty uses a standard Turabian title page. You can find one ready to combine with your text in the Turabian Template Essentially, the elements in the title page are double spaced and there are some extra carriage returns (i.e. you hit [ENTER] to spaced things out). All of the title page elements should be centered. A few pointers on making a title page. It is easiest just to leave the title page in normal style. Many students are tempted to use Word’s heading styles on the title page but that is just extra work and messes up the spacing. If in doubt, almost everything in Turabian is Times New Roman 12 point black. The style manual is relaxing that, but Liberty retains the preference. The foot notes will be in Times New Roman 10 point black. See the OWC Turabian Format Quick Guide for more help.

Middle East Region

Liberty University

Question 1 Comment by Adam: The pages of your paper should be numbered, including the bibliography pages. Page numbers before the first page of the text should be in lower case Roman numerals, centered, in the footer at the bottom of the page, with the title page being page i although not numbered. The pages of the body text and back matter should be numbered in Arabic numerals, flush-right in the header at the top of the page (Turabian A.1.4). See the OWC Turabian Template for more help.  Comment by Adam: Unlike APA, Turabian format does not use the page header for title information (Turabian A.1, A.2). See the OWC Turabian Format Quick Guide for more help.   

The analysis of the forty maps provided in this assignment creates an understanding of world politics, social and economics, and, more specifically, the Middle East Region (Chenoweth, Hadjinicolaou, Bruggeman, Lelieveld, Levin, Lange & Hadjikakou, 2011). Diversity is the process where a community or a region embraces and respects norms, attitudes, and cultures of different ethnic and social backgrounds. Historically, the Middle East Region was known as the Fertile Crescent because of lust soil that occupied most of the current Israel-Palestine region, Jordan, Syria, and Iraq. Religiously, the region is the home for Islam, Christianity, and Judaism which originated from the same tradition. Comment by Adam: The items in a series or list must be parallel in form and structure. See GrammarBook.com for more information.   Comment by Adam: Turabian comes in two flavors, an author/date style that uses parenthetical citations similar to what you have here (except for moving the comma and including location info), and notes/bibliography style which uses footnotes. Liberty uses notes/bibliography almost all the time. The OWC Turabian Format Quick Guide states notes-bibliography style is “used in all programs of study using Turabian format (except book reviews, which use Author-Date format)”. See the Turabian Sample Paper for both a demonstration and explanation of notes-bibliography style. WORD has built a function to create footnotes that is accessible through both menus and keystrokes. The IT HelpDesk will be able to address MS Word questions more thoroughly. Comment by Adam: Footnotes for books must follow Turabian format. In general, it is: Author’s First and Last Names, Title of Book: Subtitle of Book (Publisher’s City, Publisher’s State [unless city is well-known]: Publisher’s Name, Date of Publication), page number(s) (Turabian 17.1.1). For example:    1 Alexander Roberts, James Donaldson and A. Cleveland Coxe, The Ante-Nicene Fathers: Translations of the Writings of the Fathers Down to A.D. 325 (Oak Harbor, WA: Logos Research Systems, 1997), 182.    See the OWC Turabian Format Quick Guide for more help.  APPLY THROUGHOUT Comment by Adam: Wrong word errors can involve mixing up words that sound alike, using a word with the wrong shade of meaning, or using a word with a completely wrong meaning. Many wrong-word errors are due to the improper use of homonyms - words that are pronounced alike but spelled differently, such as their and there.     For example, “Paradise Lost contains many illusions to classical mythology.” Illusion means "false ideas or appearances," and allusion means "references." Instead use, “Paradise Lost contains many allusions to classical mythology.”     For example, “Working at a computer all day often means being sedate for long periods of time.” Sedate means "composed, dignified," and sedentary means "requiring much sitting." Instead use, “Working at a computer all day often means being sedentary for long periods of time.”     For more information, see this helpful resource on commonly misused words from the writing center.

The Middle East Region covers most of Egypt and Western Asia, thus mostly known as Arabic. The region has three major language families that include Turkic, Indo-European, and Afro-Asiatic. The region is located in northeast Africa and southwest Asia; it extends about 1000 and 2000 miles from the Mediterranean Sea on the west and the black sea in the north, respectively. Some common rules and regulations monitor all the ethnic groups in the region. Therefore, they have a culture of believing in the rule of law. Politically it is an authoritarian region managed by individuals with near-absolute authority and power. The information gathered from the first map known as "The fertile crescent, the cradle of civilization" was effective because it shows the border of the region and significant communities. Comment by Adam: To communicate your ideas clearly, you must place a modifier directly next to the word it is supposed to modify. The modifier should clearly refer to a specific word in the sentence. For example, instead of, “At eight years old, my father gave me a pony for Christmas.” Assuming the father was not eight years old, the sentence should be rewritten: “When I was eight years old, my father gave me a pony for Christmas.” See the OWC’s article on misplaced modifiers: https://www.liberty.edu/casas/academic-success-center/wp-content/uploads/sites/28/2019/04/Misplaced_Modifiers.ppt   Comment by Adam: Names of publications should be in title case (all major words capitalized).  See the OWC Turabian Format Quick Guide for more help.     

Question 2

The Middle East Region embraces diversity in aspects such as politics, religion, ethnicity, and culture. The third map provides a diverse culture of the Middle East Region and how the region gave three religions the chance to dwell in the region. The most common religion in the region is Mithraism, Judaism, and Christianity (Debonneville, 2019). Mithraism penetrated the region between the first and the second century AD, while Judaism was formed during the third century AD. The major native ethnic groups in the region include Greek Cypriots, Druze, Copts, Berbers, Baloch, Assyrians, Arameans, and Arabs. Comment by Adam: Spelling / plural form To make regular nouns plural, add ‑s to the end. If the singular noun ends in ‑s, -ss, -sh, -ch, -x, or -z, add ‑es to the end to make it plural. In some cases, singular nouns ending in -s or -z, require that you double the -s or -z prior to adding the -es for pluralization. APPLY THROUGHOUT Comment by Adam: The subject and verb must agree in number (i.e., singular or plural). A plural subject requires a plural verb. For example, instead of “Betty and I is going to the mall,” the correct alternative would be “Betty and I are going to the mall.” See this presentation for more information: https://www.liberty.edu/casas/academic-success-center/wp-content/uploads/sites/28/2019/04/Subject-Verb_Agreement.pdf  APPLY THROUGHOUT

The political stability in the Middle East is strong since it incorporates rules and regulations from different sub-regions. The 14th map provides different regions that form the entire region's laws and includes Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and Iran since they are among the largest region in the Middle East Region. The 36th map of the Middle East Region provides an overview of the cultural aspect of the region. Although some community in the region has claimed to be sidelined in the economic and social progress of the region, the region has a culture of cooperation, mainly when fighting terrorism. For instance, Kurds assisted in fighting terrorism initiated by Saddam Hussein. Comment by Adam: Continue to show plurality in spelling and adjust verbs to agree in number.

Question 3

There is a cultural difference between Kurds, a minor ethnic group that claimed to be disadvantaged among the other groups. The community has been sidelined in many activities in the region since they are perceived to be involved in the attempt of genocides. Significant communities have attempted to ban their language and culture. However, in the last century, the community assisted in fighting terrorism and based on the fight against Saddam Hussein terrorism, the community has self-rule in Iraq's north. Based on the 5th map, where there is an analysis of the Caliphate's height of the world, there are clear political differences between Muslims and Christianity (Turaev, 2019). Muslim empire is more powerful since it is the center of arts and wealth much more than the Christians. There are clear political boundaries in the region. Based on the 10th map Egypt and Morocco were self-ruled for more than 500 years ago while the other region is governed as a block. Comment by Adam: A compound sentence consists of two or more independent clauses (parts that could stand alone as a sentence). A comma is used before the coordinating conjunction (and, but, or, nor, for, yet) joining two independent clauses. For example, instead of “Eddie went to the game and I stayed home,” the correct alternative would be “Eddie went to the game, and I stayed home.” In very short sentences, the comma is optional if the sentence can easily be understood without it; however, you will never be wrong to use a comma. There is an excellent presentation on comma usage on the OWC’s website: https://www.liberty.edu/casas/academic-success-center/wp-content/uploads/sites/28/2019/04/Commas.pdf  Comment by Adam: It feels like you are triyng to say two things at the same time Clarify whether it was for 500 years or 500 years ago. See the Writing Aids page.

Reference Comment by Adam: “Bibliography” needs to be in normal style and a boldface Times New Roman font size 12, centered at the top of the first page. Double space after (Turabian A.2.3.5). See the OWC Turabian Format Quick Guide for more help.  Comment by Adam: This is an APA style references pages but you specified Turabian in the request. I will supply comments for Turabian Notes-Bibliography style. Follow the assignment instructions when choosing the final style.

Chenoweth, J., Hadjinicolaou, P., Bruggeman, A., Lelieveld, J., Levin, Z., Lange, M. A., ... & Hadjikakou, M. (2011). Impact of climate change on the water resources of the eastern Mediterranean and Middle East region: Modeled 21st century changes and implications. Water Resources Research, 47(6). Comment by Adam: Bibliographic citations for journal articles must follow Turabian format. In general, it is: Author’s Last Name, Author’s First Name. “Title of Article: Subtitle of Article.” Title of Journal volume number, issue number (Issue date): page(s) (Turabian 16.1). See the OWC Turabian Format Quick Guide for more help. For example:     Koester, Craig R. “Jesus the Way, the Cross, and the World according to the Gospel of John.” Word & World XXI, no. 4 (Fall 2001): 360-369.      Bibliographic citations for online journal articles must follow Turabian format. In general, it is: Author’s Last Name, Author’s First Name. “Title of Article: Subtitle of Article.” Title of Journal volume number, issue number (Issue date): page(s). URL  The DOI is preferred over the URL; however, if a stable URL is given, it is preferred over the URL found in the address bar of the browser window. If page numbers are not available, simply omit (Turabian 17.2). See the OWC Turabian Format Quick Guide for more help. For example:     Moo, Douglas J. “’Law,’ ‘Works of the Law,’ and Legalism in Paul.” Westminster Theological Journal 45 (1983): 73-100. http://library.mibckerala.org/lms_frame/eBook/law%20and%20works%20%20of%20the%20Law%20and%20Leagalism.pdf    

Debonneville, J. (2019). A ‘Minority’on the Move: Boundary Work among Filipina Muslim Migrant Domestic Workers in the Middle East. The Asia Pacific journal of anthropology, 20(4), 344-361.

Turaev, A. (2019). Islamic factor in neoconservative foreign policy of the USA in the Middle East. Theoretical & Applied Science, (2), 175-178. Comment by Adam: Thank you for allowing me to review your assignment today. You have done good job with general grammar; however, some improvement is needed in identifying plurals. I recommend the writing aids on plurals, which should greatly enhance your writing. Please be sure to complete the Student Satisfaction Survey located at the bottom of your completed request. If you have any additional questions, please contact the OWC at [email protected] or via live chat by completing a simple form. If you would like further assistance with this assignment, schedule a live appointment here or contact us using our live chat feature. Finally, you may avail yourself of the many writing aids on the OWC website.