answer quetion
jenny2000000
MFIndividual.pptxMarriage and Family Interaction F258
Course requirements
Syllabus
Attendance
Assignments
Guest speakers
Group discussions
WHO AM I?
Biology
Role of genetics
Predetermination vs. influence
Nature vs. nurture
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8Dv2Hdf5TRg
Identity
IDENTITY/IES
Who are you? How would you describe yourself to a stranger? How would your closest friends describe you? How did you become who you are today and what experiences have made you… you?
As we explore the concept of identity and its significance to who you are, I encourage you to keep thinking about everything that makes you unique. Then, ask yourself: how much can someone know about me just by my appearance—and, perhaps more importantly, how accurate would they be?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=trqDnLNRuSc
WHAT IS "IDENTITY"?
We are a combination of how we see ourselves and how others see us. The aspects of our "selves" that make up who we are, and the way we relate to social and historical categories, are called identities. Many of these aspects change over time. Therefore, our identities are not fixed and can shift based on context, experience, and many other factors.
The way we see ourselves is not always how we are viewed by others, which can lead to misunderstandings and conflicts in life.
Identity and SeLFHOOD
SELF
Your “Self” is the totality of your:
Characteristics Memories Personhood
Identity
Your “identity” is what it means to be “you” in a specific Context
The practices and categories you identify with
Your commitment to a set of: Goals, Values, Preferences, Interests
Types of IDENTITY
Social- RACE, Religion, CULTURE.NATIONALITY,GENDER,CLASS
ROLES- OCCUPATIONAL, FAMILIAL, ORGANIZATIONAL
PERSONAL- VALUES, APPEARANCE, PERSONALITY, APTITUDE
Gender
Gender identity
The way you view yourself as either male or female
Combination of biology and culture
Gender roles
The way in which the roles of being male or female are defined
Gender stereotyping
Broad cultural assumptions or expectations placed on females or males regarding roles, actions, titles, positions, attire, etc.
9
8 - 10
Gender
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-VqsbvG40Ww
Social influences
Social theories of gender
Social role theory: Gender differences result from the contrasting roles of women and men
Psychoanalytic theory of gender: Preschool child develops a sexual attraction to the opposite-sex parent
Social cognitive theory: Children’s gender development occurs through observation and imitation of what other people say and do
10
Personality traits
Hardwired?
Modeled by family
Modeled by peers
Socially accepted
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qYvXk_bqlBk
>OCEAN TEST
Personality (5 factors)
O -- Openness to Experience
Degree to which an individual engages in proactive efforts to seek out new experience for its own sake. Also, the degree to which they appreciate and value these experiences.
C – Conscientiousness
Work Ethic Level of organization, motivation, and thoroughness a person shows in life and in the pursuit of goals.
12
Personality (5 factors)
E -- Extraversion
Delineates how energetic, enthusiastic and outgoing a person is.
Is related to level of confidence in social settings
A – Agreeableness
Describes how sensitive, caring, empathic, altruistic, trusting
N -- Natural Reactions
How emotionally reactive is the individual
Moodiness, sensitivity/hypersensitivity to stress, emotional lability
13
Who am I?
Parenting style
Authoritarian
Authoritative
Neglectful
Permissive
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SZ2Hw2_hiK8
8 - 15
Parenting
Baumrind’s parenting styles
Authoritarian parenting
Parents exhort the child to follow their directions and to respect their work and effort
Allows little verbal exchange
Associated with children’s social incompetence
Authoritative parenting
Encourages children to be independent but still place limits and controls on their actions
Extensive verbal give-and-take is allowed
Associated with children’s social competence
15
8 - 16
Parenting
Neglectful parenting
Parent is uninvolved in the child’s life
Associated with children’s social incompetence and lack of self-control
Indulgent/Permissive parenting
Parents are highly involved with their children but place few demands or controls on them
Associated with children’s social incompetence and lack of self-control
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O0iUqvEKvGs
16
Who am I?
Self Concept
Social Identity theory
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hx9RGBcwqoE
Moral Development
-Kohlberg’s theory
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U-WbYOO8nUQ
Who Am I?
Early Child Development
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XCscN4zuvd4
Attachment
Secure: Have a positive view of relationships and find it easy to get close to others
Avoidant: Are hesitant about getting involved in romantic relationships
Anxious: Demand closeness, are less trusting, more emotional, jealous, and possessive
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sbMUACWyk_Y
Who am I?
Erikson's theory of Socioemotional Development
Initiative vs Guilt (3-5)
Industry vs inferiority (6-puberty)
Identity vs Role confusion (12-18)
Intimacy vs Isolation (early adulthood)
Peers
Social learning theory
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UZLx_l5my48
Peer pressure/Group Think
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qLowioBBg1s
8 - 20
Birth Order
Birth order
Compared with later-born children, firstborn children have been described as more adult-oriented, helpful, conforming, and self-controlled
Only Child- achievement oriented, leadership skills
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zj0DEebVqJA
20
SES (Socioeconomic Status)
Lower-SES parents:
More concerned that their children conform to society’s expectations
Create a home atmosphere in which it is clear that parents have authority over children, among others
Use more physical punishment
Are more directive and less conversational
Higher-SES parents:
More concerned with developing children’s initiative and delay of gratification
Less likely to use physical punishment
Create a home atmosphere in which children are more nearly equal participants and in which rules are discussed
Are less directive and more conversational
SES and school performance
13 - 22
The Transition From Adolescence to Adulthood
HOW DO WE DETERMINE WHEN WE BECOME ADULTS?
Markers of becoming an adult
Holding a full-time job
Economic independence
Taking responsibility for oneself
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Emh8hH3xPc
22
ACE’s (Adverse Childhood Experiences)
Adverse Childhood Experiences have been linked to
risky health behaviors,
chronic health conditions,
low life potential, and
early death.
As the number of ACEs increases, so does the risk for these outcomes.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=95ovIJ3dsNk
There are 10 types of childhood trauma measured in the ACE Study.
Five are personal — physical abuse, verbal abuse, sexual abuse, physical neglect, and emotional neglect.
Five are related to other family members: a parent who’s an alcoholic, a mother who’s a victim of domestic violence, a family member in jail, a family member diagnosed with a mental illness, and the disappearance of a parent through divorce, death or abandonment.
Prior to your 18th birthday:
Did a parent or other adult in the household often or very often… Swear at you, insult you, put you down, or humiliate you? or Act in a way that made you afraid that you might be physically hurt? No___If Yes, enter 1 __
Did a parent or other adult in the household often or very often… Push, grab, slap, or throw something at you? or Ever hit you so hard that you had marks or were injured? No___If Yes, enter 1 __
Did an adult or person at least 5 years older than you ever… Touch or fondle you or have you touch their body in a sexual way? or Attempt or actually have oral, anal, or vaginal intercourse with you? No___If Yes, enter 1 __
Did you often or very often feel that … No one in your family loved you or thought you were important or special? or Your family didn’t look out for each other, feel close to each other, or support each other? No___If Yes, enter 1 __
Did you often or very often feel that … You didn’t have enough to eat, had to wear dirty clothes, and had no one to protect you? or Your parents were too drunk or high to take care of you or take you to the doctor if you needed it? No___If Yes, enter 1 __
Were your parents ever separated or divorced? No___If Yes, enter 1 __
Was your mother or stepmother: Often or very often pushed, grabbed, slapped, or had something thrown at her? or Sometimes, often, or very often kicked, bitten, hit with a fist, or hit with something hard? or Ever repeatedly hit over at least a few minutes or threatened with a gun or knife? No___If Yes, enter 1 __
Did you live with anyone who was a problem drinker or alcoholic, or who used street drugs? No___If Yes, enter 1 __
Was a household member depressed or mentally ill, or did a household member attempt suicide? No___If Yes, enter 1 __
Did a household member go to prison? No___If Yes, enter 1 __
Now add up your “Yes” answers: _ This is your ACE Score
The first research results were published in 1998, followed by 57 other publications through 2011. They showed that:
childhood trauma was very common, even in employed white middle-class, college-educated people with great health insurance;
there was a direct link between childhood trauma and adult onset of chronic disease, as well as depression, suicide, being violent and a victim of violence;
more types of trauma increased the risk of health, social and emotional problems.
people usually experience more than one type of trauma – rarely is it only sex abuse or only verbal abuse.
Divorce
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SnNFW3IIvcc
Divorce May Increase the Risk for Mental Health Problems
Divorce May Increase Behavior Problems
Divorce May Affect Academic Performance
Children With Divorced Parents Are More Likely to Take Risks
Problems That May Extend Into Adulthood
Addiction
According to the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), 19.7 million American adults (aged 12 and older) battled a substance use disorder in 2017.
Almost 74% of adults suffering from a substance use disorder in 2017 struggled with an alcohol use disorder.
About 38% of adults in 2017 battled an illicit drug use disorder.
That same year, 1 out of every 8 adults struggled with both alcohol and drug use disorders simultaneously.
In 2017, 8.5 million American adults suffered from both a mental health disorder and a substance use disorder, or co-occurring disorders.
Drug abuse and addiction cost American society more than $740 billion annually in lost workplace productivity, healthcare expenses, and crime-related costs.
addiction
Young adults aged 18-25:
About 5.1 million young adults age 18 to 25 battled a substance use disorder in 2017, which equates to 14.8% of this population and about 1 in 7 people.
About 3.4 million young adults age 18 to 25 had an alcohol use disorder in 2017, or about 10% of young adults.
About 2.5 million young adults had an illicit drug use disorder in 2017, or about 7.3% of this population.
Heroin use among young adults between 18 and 25 years old doubled in the past decade.
Addiction
In 2017, about 9.4% of men and 5.2% of women age 12 and older had a substance use disorder.
Men may be more likely to abuse illicit drugs than women, but women may be just as prone to addiction as men when they do abuse them.
Almost twice as many people who are unemployed struggle with addiction than those who are full-time workers, CNN Money Around 17% of the unemployed and 9% of the employed population struggle with a substance use disorder.9
Of the 2.3 million people in American prisons and jails, more than 65% meet the criteria for addiction.
Around 75% of individuals in a state prison or local jail who suffer from a mental illness also struggle with substance abuse, and the opposite is also true.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kMaZ3zwJBEk
Mental Health
1 in 5 U.S. adults experience mental illness each year 1 in 25 U.S. adults experience serious mental illness each year 1 in 6 U.S. youth aged 6-17 experience a mental health disorder each year Suicide is the 2nd leading cause of death among people aged 10-34
Mental Health
You Are Not Alone
19.1% of U.S. adults experienced mental illness in 2018 (47.6 million people). This represents 1 in 5 adults.
4.6% of U.S. adults experienced serious mental illness in 2018 (11.4 million people). This represents 1 in 25 adults.
16.5% of U.S. youth aged 6-17 experienced a mental health disorder in 2016 (7.7 million people)
3.7% of U.S. adults experienced a co-occurring substance use disorder and mental illness in 2018 (9.2 million people)
Mental health
The Ripple Effect Of Mental Illness
People with depression have a 40% higher risk of developing cardiovascular and metabolic diseases than the general population. People with serious mental illness are nearly twice as likely to develop these conditions.
19.3% of U.S. adults with mental illness also experienced a substance use disorder in 2018 (9.2 million individuals)
The rate of unemployment is higher among U.S. adults who have mental illness (5.8%) compared to those who do not (3.6%)
High school students with significant symptoms of depression are more than twice as likely to drop out compared to their peers
