Literature Review Conclusion Section

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No Article Title Citation Design and methods Article summary Findings
1 The mental health consequences of mass shooting Sarah R. Lowe & Sandro Galea, Published on 2017. Trauma,Violence & Abuse. Sage Jounrnals. DOI: 10.1177/1524838015591572 The study method comprised of cnducting literature in psycinfo and pubmed databases. The review ids aimed at condutng a research on the mental health consequences of mass shooting The rsearch indicated that there is evidence that the events can have mental health consequences for victims and members f th affected cmmunitites, leading to increase in PTSS, depression and other psychological symptoms
2 Rapid reponse to mass shooting Paul M. Reeping, Sara Jacoby, Sonali Rajan & Charlles C. Branas. Published on 2020. American Society of Criminology. DOI: 10.1111/1745-9133.12479 The study conducted a scoping review of literature indexed by the national library of medicine's journal citation database The study evaluates the research and reports dedicated to the current evidence on rapid response optimization and mortality prevention and to inludde prehospital and in hospital efforts. The study found that when shooting occurs there are several critical steps that ned to be taken between the moment the first bullet is fired until the last victim is admitted to the hospital, by which rapid response can potentially reduce death and disablity.
3 Employee variables influencing Ru hide Fight policy knowledge retention and perceptions of preparedness in the hospital settings. Mallory Dorais & McKenzie Wood, Publishedon 26 March 2019. Crime Prevention and Community Safety. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41300-019-00062-w The stidy analyzes data from employees at medium sized level 111 trauma centr hospital in the Midwest. The study uses data collected via a survey to determine and assess variables that influence whether hospital employees retain knowledge related to the run hide fight policy,as well as employees peception of whether the training was adequate. The study found that the level of education, clinical versus non clinical work role, and work schedule are significant variables in determinng successful run hide fight policy implementation.
4 Mass casualty shootings and emergency preparedness: A multidisciplinary approach for an unpredicatble event. Patrick Melmer et al, Published on 2019. Journal of Multidisplinary Healthcare. The study examined deadliest mass casuality shooting incidents The study identifies the clinical importance of the interdisciplinary team interaactions and the lessons learned from past MCE experience, strengthening healthcare system readiness for such critical incidents. Hospital prepa-redness and emergency response are increasingly coordi-nated with the collaboration of different healthcare systems,emergency management, and public health agencies. This multidisciplinary approach to any mass casualty inci-dents provides practical and effectivetriage methods whileproviding critical emergency care for the injured.
5 Emergency medical services response to active shooter incidents: Provider comfort level and attitudes before and after paticipation in a focused response training program. Jones, Kue, Mitchellet al,Published on July 9, 2014. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine. doi:10.1017/S1049023X14000648 Anonymous, closed format survey utilizing a five point Likert scale was distributed to participating EMS providers before and after focused training session on joint EMS policy active shooter rescue team response. This study describes the attitudes , perception, and comfort levels of EMS providers in responding to active shooter incidents before and after participation in a focused tactical awareness training program. Attitudes and perception regarding EMS active shooter incident response appear to change among providers after participation n a focused active shooter response training program.
6 Facilitating the medical response into an active shooter hot zone Martin T. Tierney, 2016) The basis for the responses utilized data collected by the U.S. military from combat injuries sustained from World War II through the current conflicts in the Middle East The analyzed the responses to consider the response times of the responders, time of access to the victims, and transport time to medical facilities. The study analyses shows that fast field intervention based on training, policy, and operational planning with the Incident Command System component, which includes both law enforcement and fire/EMS entry teams, will provide better patient viability prior to hospital care.
7 Safety 2019: Active Shooter survival Stefanie Valentic, Published on Jun 12 2019. Occupational Health And Safety, Environmental Studies. Trade Journal. The review utilized data fro m the FBI about active shooter incidents The review is an insights into the "Run, Hide, Fight" preparedness method provided attendees a basis for their emergency response plans. The review found that run hide and fight policy is effective in ensuring that peole are safe during an active shooter incident
8 Run, hide, fight or secure , preserve fight: how should healh care proffessionals ad facilities respond to active shooter incidents. Giwa et al, Published on March 202. By the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine. doi: 10.1111/acem.13912 The study conducted a review of literature indexed various databases The article evaluates the most effective way of reponding to active shooter incident. The review found that when health care facilities embrace their responsibility to provide effective protection against active shooter , health care proffessionals can also fulfill their fundamental responsibility to act for the benefit of their patients.
9 Building preparedness in response to active shooter incidents: Results of focus group interviews Runhe Zhu, Gale M. Lucas, Burcin Becerik-Gerber, & Erroll G. Southsers. al,Published on 2020, International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction. The study was conduted in form of group interviews. The study aims at assessing the current security measures andidentify varying considerations associatedwith implementing these countermeasures. The study found that to ensure the effectiveness of countermeasures and improve safety, the participants highlighted the importance of both training and practice, for occupants and administrators.
10 Active shooter and workplace violence Kevin T. Doss & C. David Shepherd, Published on 2015. Science Direct. doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-802784-4.00001-6. The study conducted a review of literature indexed various databases includin FBI The study aims at creating an understanding of why perpetrators initiate an attack, as well as what they often are thinking and some of the indicators that could have been identified before an attack are equally significant for preventing such violence The ability to recognize the triggers and actors involved in active shooter incidents is critical to mitigating the risk of such events.