Modern Europe

Modern Europe

Extra Credit Assignment

Instructions: this exam is an optional assignment to be submitted only by those who wish to have a lower grade scored on one of the first three assignments for the class (the first on Metternich and related readings, the second on the readings on Marx or Cabet, or the third reading by Rosa Luxemburg) replaced by a higher score if one is earned on this extra-credit option. The final exam is not among those assignments which may be replaced with this extra-credit option. Those who wish to take advantage of this offer must submit their papers in class on Wednesday, 12 December. These must be typed, double-spaced with one-inch margins on each side. Responses should be presented as short-answers of approximately three or four sentences for each question. Only in-class submission will be accepted. No emailed papers or those submitted after December 12, the last day of class, will be accepted. Each question is valued at 8 points with 4 free points added in.

Answer each of the four questions below related to Benito Mussolini’s Social and Political Doctrine of Fascism (1932).

· Identify some of the positive moral benefits that war brings to a society according to Benito Mussolini in The Social and Political Doctrines of Fascism.

· Explain why Mussolini had such contempt for both socialism and democracy in his theory of Fascism.

· What is the role of the State and of State authority in Mussolini’s Fascism?

· Discuss two reasons why some people might be attracted to an ideology glorifying war, condemning democracy and celebrating authoritarian leadership.

The assigned reading by Mussolini is available at http://www.historyguide.org/europe/duce.html

Answer the following five questions on Leo XIII’s Rerun Norvarum

· Identify two reasons given by Pope Leo XIII for his decision to issue his statement Rerun Novarum in 1891.

· What are some of the reasons given by Leo XIII for his condemnation of socialism in this statement?

· What according to this statement is the basis of family authority?

· What are the duties of employees to their employers according to Leo XIII’s statement?

· What is owed to workers by their employers and why according to this statement?

· What solutions for resolving conflicts between workers and employers are offered by Leo XIII?

The assigned reading by Leo XIII is at http://www.papalencyclicals.net/Leo13/l13rerum.htm

Briefly identify some of the reasons for the economic problems between the 1870s and 1890s described in Berenson's Europe in the Modern World, Chapter 8, pp. 363-374.

Briefly describe the differences between the economic and political policies of Britain, France and Germany discussed in that section of chapter 8 of the Berenson textbook.