Research paper

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Individual Research Paper

Meet Kalpeshkumar Parikh

University of Cumberlands

Legal Reg, Compliance, Invest (ISOL-633-B03) - Second Bi-Term

Dr. Gary Perry

April 3, 2021

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Abstract

A cyberattack occurs when another nation or a group of people tries to break into and compromise

a computer or phone, or both, to hurt people, organizations, or companies. The cyber threat

remains, but with less risk, for the attacker who is behind it. The first victim of a cyberattack is

usually a country. The second victim of a cyberattack is usually a person, organization, or

company. The second victim usually is a member of the targeted company who is a member of the

target's community and is likely to have business knowledge. On top of this, the cyber threat is

usually related to a system or communication service. Usually, the network or communication

service is connected to someone's phone or computer and e-mail or mobile phone. These are called

networked systems. If a cyberattack occurs on another computer or communication service, it is

also known as a double spring attack. This means that the cyber threat is directed against a

company by a third party. In other words, the threat is focused on an organization that has data or

information that can be stolen or that is susceptible to exploitation by a third party. There are many

potential targets, but if there is enough information about the organization, it is better to take an

umbrella approach.

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Introduction

Cyberterrorism is the act of using computer technology to kill or harm people, places, or

things. Cyberwarfare is an act of waging war using computer technology to cause harm to or

damage people, places, or things in an international conflict, in some form. Cyberwarfare is used in

various forms to refer to military actions carried out against the targets of such activities. One such

use of this term is military cyber warfare (Papathanasaki et al., 2020). The term indicates that the

goal is to obtain intelligence or operational benefits that do not result in military losses. This would

include cyber operations. The cyber warfare concept is also used to describe various operational

objectives and systems that operate in conjunction with military operations but do not carry out

directly on the objectives or systems of the US military. In this context, the term cyberwar is

reserved, so it is understood that the goal of such operations is to obtain the information or

operational benefit for a cyber attack. It is also a fact that these types of offensive cyber operations

are complicated to detect (Papathanasaki et al., 2020).

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Thesis statement

Cybercrime is not only the criminal act of stealing data from financial institutions and

banks. It is also the act of the hacker to access the computer network of an institution. It is stealing

from institutions such as financial institutions, financial companies, insurance companies and

banks that are the biggest cybercrime target. It is also a massive target for hackers because it allows

a hacker to gain access to the financial accounts of all the institutions without the need to resort to

hacking into the data or even use the service provided by financial institutions. Cybercrime is also

an illegal practice (Papathanasaki et al., 2020). Cybercrime is not only the criminal act of stealing

data from financial institutions and banks. It is also the act of the hacker to access the computer

network of an institution. It is stealing from institutions such as financial institutions, financial

companies, insurance companies and banks that are the biggest cybercrime target (Papathanasaki et

al., 2020). It is also a massive target for hackers because it allows a hacker to gain access to the

financial accounts of all the institutions without the need to resort to hacking into the data or even

use the service provided by financial institutions. It can take the data of any financial institution

without any authentication and create a new account that has nothing to do with the financial

institution (Papathanasaki et al., 2020).

Overview

Cyberterrorism refers to attacks that are intended to harm computer systems that are

connected to the Internet. This type of attack is not intended to harm a person in the US, but rather

to destroy that person's life or cause them financial severe damages or injury. Cyberwarfare is a

campaign where one or more parties can engage in any physical or psychological action intended

to influence a person's decisions or behaviour to harm a person with a cyberconcrete or cyber-

physical interest (Style & Maglaras, 2020). It has not intended to harm anybody physically, to

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cause significant damage or damage which, in turn, harms a cyberconcrete or cyber-physical

interest of one or more persons. As applied to cyberthreats has been a tool for justifying the use of

force by governments and corporate entities worldwide. As stated above, when governments have

reason to believe that a particular entity is in imminent danger or likely to engage in specific

actions in their territory, cybercriminals engage in unlawful cyberwarfare to prevent a serious

breach of the physical security integrity of such entity (Style & Maglaras, 2020).

Purpose

The definition of cyberterrorism is the intentional destruction of a target network of

computers or networks to disrupt or disrupt the network of an adversary. The definition

of cyberwarfare is the use of cyberattacks to achieve objectives such as attacking the enemy's

communications systems, communications infrastructure, or information technology infrastructure

(Plotnek & Slay, 2021).Cyberspace is a global information space that covers both electronic and

electronic networks and information. It is not the only part of the space but the essential

component. It is used to execute attacks on other computers or electronic networks and the targeted

computers and electronic networks of the adversary (Plotnek & Slay, 2021).

Cyberwarfare means using cyberattacks to disrupt enemy computer systems, communications, and

information networks. It does not mean the use of physical attacks against cybercapitals or

cybercapitals only, but also the use of computer systems, information systems, and information

systems and the targeting and execution of cyberattacks against those systems, communications,

and information networks of the adversary (Plotnek & Slay, 2021).

Background

Cyberintelligence is an advanced program within the US government, with the potential to

destroy all computers and networks which have any association with state-sponsored espionage

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and terrorism, as well as all electronic communications. It aims to break into private networks and

cause them to shut down, to take over entire countries and systems, and to render them incapable

of performing any vital act. Cyberwarfare has recently become a sub-speciality of cyber espionage

(Straub, 2020). While an individual cyberattack usually is the work of a few, cyberwarfare is a

significant part of the arsenal of state and commercial spies. Cyberwarfare, often referred to as

network-based, can now be considered the military equivalent of cyberspace. As a nation becomes

more powerful or less dependent on state funding and can exploit other countries' financial systems

without the need for official state funding, this becomes less difficult (Straub, 2020).

Benefits.

The benefits of cyber-terrorism and cyberwarfare are many. First of all, they have become

one of the most popular forms of political action by non-state actors. Second, because terrorists

have not been able to win elections with cyber-weaponry, cyberwarfare has become much more

effective in gaining political leverage, both by political groups and by national security networks

(Straub, 2020). Third, cyber-terrorism has provided a new way to communicate with cyber warfare

groups and gain propaganda support. Cyberwarfare groups have also used it to increase their

operational capabilities. The more they used cyber-warfare, the more effective they became

(Straub, 2020).

Obstacles

An anti-terrorism strategy does not rely on the threat of terrorism. If the threat is real, there

are always ways to neutralize it. An essential part of cyberterrorism is that the terrorists do not take

the law into their own hands. They take all the laws, regulations and laws that they can from

ordinary people, from ordinary citizens, from ordinary civil servants. These are all laws that the

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intelligence agencies have created that are very difficult to stop, identify, identify what is going on

in a country, disrupt it, take it apart, and then build own defence (Straub, 2020).

In terms of cyberwarfare, three main issues make cyber activities risky and not suitable for military

use. First, it is not apparent to the intelligence services they are dealing with, their target and where

they are located. It has to be deduced from information shared by intelligence services with other

countries (Straub, 2020). This is why intelligence services, in intelligence agencies' sense, use the

Internet to communicate and disseminate information. Second, cyber activities and warfare are too

different from regular military activities. Cyber activities or warfare are based on a cyber weapon

or cyberweapon infrastructure, whereas cyberwarfare involves using cyberweapons for direct,

systematic attacks against a robust system (Straub, 2020).

Innovations

Cyberwarfare is about exploiting the vulnerabilities of the civilian, military and commercial

sectors, including the Internet, with the intent of using them to the advantage of the state.It is not

cyber warfare but a war that could be carried out with sophisticated capabilities. Cyberwarfare is

about the ability to carry out an act of terror against targets across the global world with the support

of a state actor (Cernat, 2020). It is an attack that could be conducted against anyone anywhere in

the world. It is much more than what is used today because of the computer-based cyber warfare

and cyber threat model. The world does not know how big it is or how much is available. It is

about changing the dynamics. Also, one thing that is needed is that cyber warfare is not just some

simple cyber attack. It is about a system that allows and helps someone like nation-states to do it.

Now we see other types of attacks like cyber strikes. The cyber strikes are designed to be very

precise and could only be done by a state actor (Cernat, 2020).

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Conclusion

There must be no ambiguity about its meaning or implications on individual privacy. Those

who seek to exploit national vulnerabilities must be held accountable for their actions, and the law

must assure the privacy and freedom of the American people. Those who seek to undermine

national security must be held accountable for their actions, and the law must assure the security

and protection of the American people. Moreover, as one work through those complexities, it will

not be difficult to achieve objectives (Cernat, 2020). Goal has been clear for decades: an efficient

and effective cyberwar, and a responsible and sustainable approach, to deter aggression and

aggression's ability to harm our nation.Moreover,objective has been even more clear to defend

America in the face of attack. Moreover, one of the most difficult challenges facing nation is cyber,

and one of the most complex parts of defence is how do one make sure that defence comes from

the United States of America (Cernat, 2020).

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References

Papathanasaki, M., Dimitriou, G., Maglaras, L., Vasileiou, I., & Janicke, H. (2020). From Cyber

Terrorism to Cyber Peacekeeping: Are we there yet?. arXiv preprint arXiv:2010.07041.

Style, M. P., & Maglaras, L. (2020). The Current Posture of Cyber Warfare and Cyber

Terrorism. Global Foundation for Cyber Studies and Research, 3.

Plotnek, J. J., & Slay, J. (2021). Cyber terrorism: A homogenized taxonomy and

definition. Computers & Security, 102, 102145.

Straub, V. J. (2020). Beyond kinetic harm and towards a dynamic conceptualization of

cyberterrorism. arXiv preprint arXiv:2012.09056.

Cernat, R. (2020). Cyberwar and Cyberterrorism Features and Answers to These

Threats. Romanian Military Thinking, 1(3), 100-116.