Alternative healing final
henderson.j
MeditationandRelaxationstudents1.pptxRelaxation Therapy and Meditation
L. Amoia-Watters, Ed.D, MSN, CRNP
Frances M. Maguire School of Nursing and Health Professions
“Is there anyone so wise as to learn from the experience of another?” -Voltaire
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Objectives
Describe development of JPRT
Describe Wolpe’s APRT method
Summarize the effects of relaxation on autonomic response and immune function.
Discuss the effectiveness of relaxation and the contraindications.
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Objectives
Explain the difference between concentrative and non concentrative methods of meditation.
Describe the physiologic and biochemical effects of meditation.
Describe findings of the positive effects of meditation various medical conditions.
History of Relaxation Therapy
Relaxation Methods
Somatic relaxation
Refers to a method that emphasizes muscle relaxation through detailed observation & introspection of the body’s kinesthetic sensations
Cognitive relaxation
Use of mental device (word, thought, breathing) & the practice of passive or nonjudgmental attitude to induce relaxation in the mind & body
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Jacobson’s Progressive Relaxation Therapy (JPRT)
Somatic Relaxation Method
Negative Educational experience Harvard
Turned to own study – startle reaction that naturally occurs in response to unexpected loud noises
Students in deep relaxation demonstrated no obvious startle response
Led to birth of JPRT
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Philosophy of Progressive Muscle Relaxation
Person to accomplish complete relaxation
Detailed observation & introspection of body’s kinesthetic sensations
Mental process that accompanies them
Localized body tensions occur as meaningful acts that originate in one’s imagination or thoughts
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response.
Mechanisms of Relaxation
Person learns to identify highly sensitive sensory observations
Tension – contraction of muscle fibers
Relaxation – lengthening of muscle fibers – eliminates tension
Goal of JPRT
Automaticity
A state in which the person automatically & unconsciously monitors & eliminates unwanted bodily tension
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Learning Jacobson’s Progressive Relaxation Method
Skeletal muscles are studied in progressive groups
Arms, legs, trunk, neck, eye region, speech muscles
Each major muscle group broken down into localized groups (eg – arms=6 muscles)
Sessions start by lying down
One position during one hour session – X3
Eg- wrist bending
Positions repeated sitting up
Required more than 100 sessions
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Time Table
Left Arm
Right Arm
Left Leg
Right Leg
Trunk
Neck
Eye region
Visualization
Speech region
Total
7days
7days
10 days
10 days
10 days
6 days
12 days
9 days
19 days
90 days
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Wolpe’s Abbreviated Progressive Relaxation Training
Time commitment for full JPRT technique impossible
Wolpe designed a condensed version
Systematic desensitization
A process whereby patients while in a state of deep relaxation are exposed to stimuli that historically induced anxiety or fear
Differences
Focused on all 16 muscle groups in one session vs just one
Completed in few sessions
Thought instruction & suggestion were a necessary part of relaxation
Relaxing imagery introduced in some instances
APRT is based on its adaptability & its convenience for pt & therapist
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Abbreviated Progressive Relaxation
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Tense and Relax all 16 muscle groups
7 muscle groupings to achieve deep relaxation
4 muscle groups (10 minutes)
Release tension by recall
Recall with Counting
How Progressive Relaxation Benefits Health
Effects of relaxation on autonomic responses
Increased opioid response
Support for optimal immune function
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Application of Relaxation Therapy as Medical Intervention
Chemotherapy – induced nausea & vomiting
Hypertension
Pain Control
Mood State Management
Epilepsy
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Contraindications
Rare for both JPRT and APRT
Individuals with history of generalized anxiety disorder or panic disorder and those w\ history of hyperventilation are most likely to experience adverse effects.
Contraindications for success?
reported no contraindications.
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Difference Between Concentrative & Non-concentrative Methods of Meditation
Concentrative
Limit stimuli input by instructing the meditator to focus attention of a single unchanging or repetitive stimulus (sound, breath, focal point)
Non-concentrative
Expand the meditator’s attention to include observation of his/her own mental activities or thoughts
nonjudgmental way
Concentrative:
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Four Meditation Methods
Transcendental Meditation (TM)https://youtu.be/uP2gLEDl7jI
Allows mind to experience progressively finer levels of thought until the source of thought –pure consciousness-is experienced
Respiratory One Method (ROM)
Meditator repeats word “one” or another phrase while linking the word with exhalation
Clinically Standardize Meditation (CSM)
Select one appealing sound from standardized list
Repeat selected sound – not linked to breath
Mindfulness Meditation (MM)
Observe thoughts & images in a nonjudgmental way
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CSM- Clinically Standardized Meditation
Easy to learn
Select mantra from a list of 16 (often ending in m or n)
Instructor repeats mantra w\ participant
Mantra not associated w\ breathing
Repeat word with instructor, then think it silently w\ closed eyes.
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Summarize the Physiologic & Biochemical Effects of Meditation
Oxygen consumption lowered
Heart & respiration rates decrease
Blood lactate levels decline
indicators of stress
Less reactive to emotional stressors
Elevation of positive mood state
Decrease hormone that signals stress
Less suppression of immunity
Fewer symptoms of anxiety when exposed to loud tones
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Meditation & Health Care Costs
Hypothesized when meditation is practiced on a regular basis, it will provide protection from disease states induced by stressful events
Insurance company study – 5 years of data
600,000 members – 2,000 practiced meditation
Meditators lower utilization of resources
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Research Outcomes of Meditation
Anxiety
Depression
Hypertension
Cardiovascular Disease
Epilepsy
Chronic Pain
Addiction
http://meditationinpennsylvania.org/
http://www.woninstitute.org/index.php?page=meditation-center-staff
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Contraindications & Side Effects of Meditation
Trigger pre-existing psychiatric illness
Psychotic episodes
Excessive need to control
Fear of loss of self; loss of control
Release of suppressed memories/deep seeded tensions
Meditation at slower pace
Depressive effects exacerbated
Few contraindications. Generally safe.
Psych: may trigger pre-existing psychiatric illness. Literature points to certain factors that lead to re-presenting of psychiatric problems after meditation.
Risk factors included dc’ing rx meds. Reported cases are few.
Contraindication: for all forms of meditation is a a client with excessive need to control. Fearing loss of control =meditation is mind control.
May feel this is punishment b\c meditation loss of self for these people.
Meditation may enhance the potency of psychotropic drugs.
Long hours of meditation may not be beneficial, esp for those who are hypersensitive to it.
side effects from tension release=rapid behavior changes.
Depressive effects exacerbated b\c of mindfulness and evaluation of events.
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Meditation Summary
Ultimately, the most important factor for selecting the form of meditation is the personality of the individual and his or her preference
In the end, benefit can come only from those methods that are practiced on a regular basis
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