8085 DISC3
Advocacy Action Plan: The Importance of Early Literacy Angie Nalls Early Childhood Specialist, Walden University EDDD 8085/EDSD 7085: Inspired Leadership, Informed Advocacy, and Improved Policy Dr. Beryl Watnick August 1, 2022
The Importance of Early Literacy
Literacy is essential to all other forms of learning, and it begins even before a child begins formal schooling. When parents talk to their child as a baby, that is the beginnings of literacy. Toddlers and preschoolers that are read to, exposed to letters and sounds, and participate in conversations are all adding to their understanding of literacy. Examples of this would be a child connecting a picture of a cup in a book to an actual cup nearby or hearing new words that are then explained by an adult (NAEYC, n.d.-b). These are text to world connections that are part of the learning process. It is therefore imperative that children receive a firm literacy foundation, from babies through primary grades.
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3 Organizations Focused on Advocating for the Education of Children
The National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC) is a “leading voice in high-quality early childhood education supported by a diverse, dynamic early childhood profession” (NAEYC, n.d.-a). This complements my advocacy goal of literacy because the NAEYC is focused on providing information on high-quality learning for all aspects of the beginning stages of a child’s life and learning. They not only support the involvement of teachers, but parents and community partners alike. Their goal is to provide information to others on the importance of brain development and investing in quality education for early childhood students. Their advocacy group, America for Early Ed, works together in various areas of the country, learning about national policies and sharing them with those interested in making a change for our youngest students. Being a part of the NAEYC keeps one abreast on many topics and changes being made at the national level. This is important to know about because these changes affect what educators are required or expected to teach in the classroom. Being on the “front lines” would keep me informed of the early childhood updates to literacy. I would then be able to share my knowledge with others, voicing my opinion and concerns through discussion boards or panels, making sure others know the changes to policy as well.
The Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development (ASCD) has worked with educators across the country and even the world for over 75 years to empower people to find their voice and put their ideas into practice. This, in turn, create leaders in education that thrive personally and help their students to do the same (ASCD, 2022a). This organization provides opportunities for educators to write for their publications through articles, specific content in their newsletter, and even submit book proposals. You can also become a member which allows one to access learning and collaboration through webinars, books, articles, and conferences (ASCD, 2022b). Literacy is one of the many categories discussed and written about for this group. Becoming involved in the ASCD would help me to connect with other educators that have the same vision and focus for enriching the lives of students through literacy.
The Global Family Research Project, formerly known as the Harvard Family Research Project until 2016, provides research and resources on a number of varying subject areas such as community engagement programs, professional development, and equitable learning for all. They work with policymakers, nonprofits, and educators to help families understand more about their child’s learning and how to stay engaged. There are opportunities to become part of this work through what they call the Ecology of Learning, which is elevating “the benefits of family engagement and the connections across educational organizations, nationally and globally” (Global Family Research Project, 2021). Using their accessible resources and professional learning, I can connect with other teachers that are also invested in advocating for the importance of early childhood literacy. We can all benefit from collaboration, learning more about the policies, research, and even ways to get grants to reach our advocacy goals.
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National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC)
Association for Supervision and Curriculum (ASCD)
The Global Family Research Project
Federal & Legislative Policies that Affect Literacy
The importance of literacy has been a hot topic in education for over fifty years. In 1965, President Lyndon Johnson enacted the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) which established Head Start and the Title I programs. These were put into place to break the cycle of illiteracy and poverty. The idea was to educate children before entering elementary school and helping to train and educate parents as well. Since then, more legislation and policies have been put into place to support literacy and families such as:
1988 – Congress re-enacts ESEA and renames Title I, Part B to the William F. Goodling Even Start Family Literacy Programs
1994 – President Clinton gets the Improving America's Schools Act of 1994 passed
2001 – President George W. Bush gets the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act passed (Nicholas, 2021)
While these legislative policies affected our nation, states also have their own policies with specific requirements for literacy. For example, North Carolina recently put out a report recognizing the challenges created by COVID-19 regarding childcare, education, and specifically literacy. They plan to increase compensation for early childhood workers to retain high quality educators, improve their childcare subsidy rates so that all counties share adequate and equitable rates, and will be prioritizing reading interventions and resources to improve literacy rates (Wolf, Wagner, & Public School Forum of North Carolina). In my state of Georgia, Senate Bill 48 was passed to support schools in the training, identification, and instruction of students with dyslexia. By the 2024 school year, all schools will be required to screen and provide reading intervention for students with this disability, recognizing that it has a profound impact on a student’s education and must be addressed (IMSE, 2019).
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How can we change policy?
There are many reasons people might want to change policy. In this case, of course, it would be to improve education. There is a huge variation of schools in the United States. Schools are different sizes, have different specializations, some are independent while others are public, etc., so the way they are run varies as well. Most of the time, polices that affect the whole system have a chain of command that must be followed to get a policy changed. “In the U.S., the links in that chain are usually (from the top down):
School Committee
Superintendent
Assistant Superintendents
Other system-wide administrators (coordinators of curriculum, athletics, special education, business, physical plant)
Principals
Teachers and other professional employees (nurses, guidance counselors and school psychologists, coaches)
Support and custodial staff” (Community Tool Box, 2014)
Once a person or group knows the steps to follow, they must be prepared for meeting and stating their case. Providing a rationale, finding alternatives to the current policy, and garnering support are just a few ideas to get started on creating or writing new policy. Once your policy is drafted, you must share your proposal at School Committee meeting. If rejected, you can regroup and try again. If accepted, work on tackling the next issue of implementation. If a collaborative effort between all groups involved is possible, it will create a smoother process for the change to take place.
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Why Educators Should Advocate for Literacy
As an early childhood educator, I feel accountable and responsible for giving the students in my classroom the best education I can provide to lay a firm foundation for future positive outcomes. So why is literacy advocacy important for our students? To start, it is tied to everything we do for our entire lives. It is not always just about reading a book. In today’s world, you must be able to have good literacy skills for research, navigating the internet, complex problem-solving, etc. Literacy continues to evolve. It is tied to being intellectually, culturally, and electronically capable. Studies show that children with strong literacy skills do better in school, have better self-confidence, and are often life-long learners. Unfortunately, many children living in poverty may not have consistent access to books or supports to encourage literacy, so it is up to teachers to fill in that space with personal interaction and positive language stimulation to promote development (Panneton, 2015). It all starts at birth and builds throughout childhood, but the most formative years are through age eight. Therefore, we must give our students the tools they need and deserve for a firm literacy foundation.
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Stakeholders & Other Collaborators Important for Literacy Advocacy
The stakeholders that can influence and are influenced by literacy is everyone! Students, teachers, administration, families, community members, district officials, and policymakers are all affected by literacy successes and failures. Literacy is not just for one person, race, socio-economic group, state, or country. All people throughout the world, even those in third world countries, can be influenced and can benefit from a good literacy foundation as it is tied to all learning and everything we do. Particularly in the U.S., statistics of illiteracy are linked to incarceration rates, with 70% of inmates not able to read or write above a fourth-grade level. Research has also shown that being able to read can teach empathy. This helps students to become more accepting and kind towards others. These are the reasons stakeholders must work together to provide children with a good literacy base, finding the right resources to aid students and teachers and allocating them for early identification and support (Institute for Multi-sensory Education, 2022).
One non-profit organization that has used their platform to improve student literacy outcomes for over 30 years is the Children’s Literacy Initiative, or CLI. They provide early literacy support and instruction to support Black and Latinx children. This includes training and coaching teachers, as well as providing resources such as classroom books, to help students achieve reading proficiency at or even above grade level. They believe quality literacy instruction is critical for a student’s reading development, so they have worked to educate teachers with high-impact instructional strategies, building capacity, so that literacy is being taught in a high-quality and culturally sustainable way. The American Institutes of Research found that their impacts of student learning and teacher practices were statistically significant. Their data suggests schools that implemented CLI scored higher on reading assessments compared to those that did not. CLI won a $21.7 million grant in 2010 to place their program in 38 schools through the U.S. Department of Education’s Investing in Innovation Fund. They also receive funds through individual donors, employer match gifts, and other foundation/corporate giving. 85% of their expenses go back into educating teachers and providing the resources needed in each classroom to create successful literacy learning (Children’s Literacy Initiative, 2020).
Room to Read is another nonprofit organization that began in 2000 to work towards illiteracy and gender inequality. They believe that by developing literacy skills and good reading habits, positive outcomes can happen. They want all children to get a quality education that will prepare them to make a positive impact on their families, community, and the world. Room to Read hires local nationals to lead the program in the 21 countries where it is available. 28 million children have benefitted from their literacy program, 200,000 teachers and librarians have been trained, 34 million books have been given away, and much more! They use data to improve their programs at 3,500 sites annually, tracking their results and informing stakeholders through reports for transparency. They receive support through independent donations, fundraisers, and corporate matching. The funds are used to focus on specific needs for the country they are funneled to. For example, in South Africa they are used for teacher training and instruction, assessments, and reading materials. In Laos, they are improving the infrastructure, providing quality learning materials, and support children at risk of dropping out of school. Room to Read’s company quote “world change starts with educated children” shows that they are on a mission to provide quality literacy instruction for all students (Room to Read, 2022).
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If one wanted to implement a program for high-quality literacy instruction and resources to students in early childhood classrooms, the process and effects through data collection will take time. Most, if not all, educators would agree that this is an important and necessary part of a child’s learning based on the research that has linked positive literacy outcomes with successful adults later in life. However, not all schools, areas, or countries have the resources or know how to make the changes necessary for this to happen. Once a viable program has been decided on, research would be needed to find similar studies, their outcomes, and how improvements can be made or changed to fit the particular area(s) that need support. Using a study from Rwanda on their implementation of emergent literacy and maths as a guide, one can estimate the time it might take to reach the advocacy goal that began the need for change. In the study, they completed an analysis to find gaps in early literacy. Once the data was collected and compared with previous research, a program was enacted and part one of the qualitative study began. Then two years later, the research team started the second part of the study. One study focused on the affects of teacher training and the other study focused on home training and how each of these helped provide teaching strategies for emergent literacy and math skills. While the research found that the interventions worked, the lack of support for teachers in terms of teacher training and monetary provision, as well as a policy for ensuring quality standards, left large gaps that could present many issues in the future (Dusabe et al., 2019).
Using the guidance of the Rwanda research, if a group wanted to carry out a program in support of early literacy, it would be reasonable to suggest that in six months, research could be completed and (hopefully) the program would be accepted by the School Committee so that the change could take place. Within two years, program implementation and data collection would be well on its way. Data should be collected quarterly, and successes will be tracked as forward progress toward the goal(s) set in place at the beginning of the program change. Teachers would be responsible for data collection, and this would be compiled for participating schools by administration and shared with county officials. After each year, feedback should be compiled, analyzed, and tweaks made as needed for positive outcomes. After five years, the program should have been vetted as to whether or not is has been a valuable asset to the literacy achievement of students in early childhood classrooms. District officials would then determine if the program change was a quality investment and should be continued, or if there is something more current that may better fit the district’s goals for academic achievement in early literacy.
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References
Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development (ASCD). (2022a). About us. https://www.ascd.org/about
Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development (ASCD). (2022b). Write for ASCD. https://www.ascd.org/write-for-ascd#writeForAccordion
Children’s Literacy Initiative. (2020). About us. https://cli.org/about-us/
Community Tool Box. (2014). Changing policies in schools. Chapter 25, Section 9. Center for Community Health & Development. University of Kansas. https://ctb.ku.edu/en/table-of-contents/implement/changing-policies/school-policies/powerpoint
Dusabe, C., Pisani, L., Abimpaye, M., & Honeyman, C. (2019). Using evidence and implementation experience for advocacy and policy influence: The Rwanda Emergent Literacy and Maths Initiative (ELMI) case study. Early Years: An International Journal of Research and Development, 39(3), 243–259. https://doi.org/10.1080/09575146.2019.1628008
References
Global Family Research Project. (2021). Our work. https://globalfrp.org/Our-Work
Institute for Multi-sensory Education (ISME). (2022). 3 Reasons literacy is important in a child's development. https://imse.com/
Institute for Multi-sensory Education (ISME). (2019, November 28). Literacy policies: Where your state stands (Part 2). https://journal.imse.com/literacy-policies-part-2/
National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC). (n.d.-a). Public policy
and advocacy. https://www.naeyc.org/our-work/public-policy-advocacy
National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC). (n.d.-b). Read together to support early literacy. https://www.naeyc.org/our-work/families/read-together-support-early-literacy
References
Nicholas, S. (2021). Family Literacy Programs. Salem Press Encyclopedia.
Panneton, K. (2015, January 21). The importance of literacy in a child’s development. Albany Business Review. https://www.bizjournals.com/albany/news/2015/01/21/the-importance-of-literacy-in-a-child-s.html
Room to Read. (2022). About us. https://www.roomtoread.org/about-us/
Wolf, M. A., Fox, L., Wagner, L., & Public School Forum of North Carolina. (2021). Top Education Issues 2021. In Public School Forum of North Carolina. Public School Forum of North Carolina.