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MCHIndicatorsTableNM70020212.pdf
Maternal Child Health Indicators Definitions and Calculations Table
Term Definition Numerator Denominator Time
Frame
Expressed
As
Source
Maternal
death
Death of a
woman while
pregnant or
within 42 days
of termination
of pregnancy.
Pregnancy
Related-Due
to obstetric
causes.
Pregnancy
Associated-
Occurring
either 42 days
or in 1 year of
pregnancy but
not caused by.
x x x x National Center
for Health
Statistics (NCHS)
of the CDC.
Healthy People
2030.
World Health
Organization.
March
of Dimes
Maternal
Mortality
Ratio/Rate
(MMR)
Depicts the
risk of
maternal
death relative
to the number
of live births
and
essentially
captures the
risk of death
in a single
pregnancy or
a single live
birth.
(UNICEF)
Number of
maternal
deaths (42
days) in a
time
frame
based on
death
certificate
ICD-10
codes
Total
number
of live
births in the
same time
frame in the
same
population
Typically
one
calendar
year.
(Could be
5 year
range or
more for
local data)
X 100,000
= ratio/rate
per
100,000
UNICEF, World
Health
Organization*
*From the WHO: For the purpose of international reporting of maternal mortality, only those maternal
deaths occurring before the end of the 42-day reference period should be included in the calculation of
the various ratios and rates. The recording of later deaths is encouraged to inform national, regional,
and global understanding of these events.
Early and
Adequate
Prenatal
Care
Childbearing
people
beginning
prenatal care
in the first
trimester and
receiving the
recommended
number of
prenatal visits
based on
gestation age.
Number of
people
receiving
Adequate
Prenatal
care
Total
number of
people
receiving
prenatal
care
One year
Percent
Osterman MJK,
Martin JA. Timing
and adequacy of
prenatal care in
the United States,
2016. National
Vital Statistics
Reports, vol 67 no
3. Hyattsville, MD:
National Center
for Health
Statistics. 2018.
Infant
Mortality
Rate (IMR)
Death of an
infant within
the first year
of life
Number of
infant
deaths
Total
number of
live births in
a specific
population
Typically
one year
(could be
a different
specific
time
period or
range of
years)
X 1000 =
Rate per
1000
March of Dimes,
Division of
Reproductive
Health
Preterm
Birth Rate
An infant born
alive before
37 weeks
gestation
Total
number of
births in a
given
communit
y based on
gestationa
l age prior
to 37
completed
weeks
Total
number of
live births in
a specific
population
Typically
one year
(could be
a different
specific
time
period or
range of
years)
X 100 =
Percent
Division of
Reproductive
Health, Centers
for Disease
Control and
Prevention (CDC)
Low Birth
Weight
Rate
The
percentage of
infants born
weighing less
than 2,500
grams per 100
live births
Number of
Infants
born
weighing
less than
2500
grams
Number of
live births
in a specific
population
Typically
one year
(could be
a different
specific
time
period or
range of
years)
X 100 =
Percent
March of Dimes.
IOM
