Calculus research

1

Assignment Cover Sheet

Subject Code: MBA 908 Subject Name: Strategic Business Project Submission Type: Assessment Task 1 – Research Proposal Assignment Title: Assessment Task 1 – Research Proposal Student Name: Maria Veronica Nipay, Faheem Abdul Hameed, Zhouyi Li, Shawn Mathew Student Number: 4176856, 4351046, 7299837, 7301078 Student Phone/Mobile No. 0503759203 Student E-mail: [email protected], Lecturer Name: Dr. Arijit Sikdar Due Date: 05/03/2023 Date Submitted: 05/03/2023

PLAGIARISM: The penalty for deliberate plagiarism is FAILURE in the subject. Plagiarism is cheating by using the written ideas or submitted work of someone else. UOWD has a strong policy against plagiarism. The University of Wollongong in Dubai also endorses a policy of non-discriminatory language practice and presentation.

PLEASE NOTE: STUDENTS MUST RETAIN A COPY OF ANY WORK SUBMITTED

DECLARATION: I/We certify that this is entirely my/our own work, except where I/we have given fully-documented references to the work of others, and that the material contained in this document has not previously been submitted for assessment in any formal course of study. I/we understand the definition and consequences of plagiarism.

Signature of Student:

Optional

Comments: Word count: 2,244

Lecturer Assignment Receipt (To be filled in by student and retained by Lecturer upon return of assignment) Subject: MBA 908 Assignment Title: Assessment Task 1 – Research Proposal Student Name: Maria Veronica Nipay, Faheem Abdul Hameed, Zhouyi Li, Shawn Mathew Student Number: 4176856, 4351046, 7299837, 7301078

Due Date: 05/03/2023 Date Submitted: 05/03/2023 Signature of Student:

Student Assignment Receipt (To be filled in and retained by Student upon submission of assignment)

Subject: MBA 908 Assignment Title: Assessment Task 1 – Research Proposal

Student Name: Maria Veronica Nipay, Faheem Abdul Hameed, Zhouyi Li, Shawn Mathew Student Number: 4176856, 4351046, 7299837, 7301078

Due Date: 05/03/2023 Date Submitted: 05/03/2023 Signature of Lecturer

2

Contents

1. Introduction

2. Conceptual Framework

2.1. Concept Mapping

2.2. Research Objective

2.3. Research Questions, Framework, and Methodology

3. Timelines

4. Appendix

5. References

3

1 - Introduction

Technology advancements at the heart of designing new business models resulted in many

successful business transformations across the world, thus redefining future business

landscapes. However, the impact of such accelerated spread of technology adoption goes

beyond the business aspect alone. The impact naturally transcends from work-related activities

to other aspects of a person’s life, including their day-to-day pursuits, and ultimately their

quality of life.

Schwab (2017) discusses how emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence, robotics, and

the Internet of Things are changing the way we live and work, and the implications of these

changes for society. Diamandis and Kotler (2012) argue that advances in technology are leading

to a world of abundance, where scarcity and poverty are eradicated, and people have access to

the resources they need to live fulfilling lives. Kurzweil (2000) explores the future of artificial

intelligence and its potential to transform human life and society.

Why is this important:

Since the surge of technological adoption of majority of the population across the globe,

researchers are exploring what “wellness” means in a digital world (Blankson, 2021). Finding

the balance on how technology is integrated into every aspect of human life has become

increasingly important to stay physically and mentally well.

The focus of this research will consider Quality of Life (QOL) as a key element, while

understanding how it is affected by today’s technological advancements.

Key Definition: Quality of Life (QOL):

Quality of Life (QOL) can be defined in many ways and from different perspectives, making its

measurement challenging to researchers. According to a theoretical paper by Theofilou (2013),

the concept of quality of life broadly encompasses how a person measures the “goodness” of

their life based on emotional reactions to life occurrences, disposition, sense of fulfillment,

satisfaction, and satisfaction with work and personal relationships. Many other researchers also

4

referred to the term quality of life as “well-being”, arguing that one term can in fact define the

other (De Leo, et.al 1998) and hence have been used interchangeably.

According to OECD (2014), well-being or QOL is determined by two categories: material and

immaterial (subjective) conditions. The material conditions include income and housing

conditions, whereas the immaterial dimensions include health, education, environmental

quality, personal security, civic engagement, and work life balance.

Illustration 1. Quality of life dimensions as illustrated by OECD (2014).

Gaps in existing research:

Ample research surrounding technological advancements and its positive contribution to

economy and society exists, however a gap in research is noticeable when it comes to its

relation and impact on quality of life. Comparable studies between generations, genders,

cultural differences, as well as other physical components are currently underdeveloped as

well. Hence, this research will aim to provide a meaningful contribution to existing knowledge.

5

2 - Concept Mapping Illustration 2. Research Approach and Research Questions

6

2.1 Research Objective

The purpose of this research is to examine the impact of technological advancements towards

quality of life and identify key differences (if any) between different categories such as age,

gender, culture, and other physical contributing factors. This research will also aim to identify

certain gaps in technology use and implementation to add value to current information and

provide recommendations to key policymakers and key technology influencers.

2.2 Research Questions, Framework, and Methodology

Being voted as one of the most ambitious countries in the world, the UAE is on a journey of constant growth in technology and innovation. This research will aim to understand the impact of technological advancements on quality of life among different age groups in the UAE and identify areas that may require improvement or change in implementation.

A mix of quantitative and qualitative methodologies will be used to obtain relevant information while taking into consideration the key areas listed in the Quality of Life Scale (QOLS) discussed in Section 4.

Objectives:

• Identify if and how results differ by Age/generation • Predict potential future impact of technology advancements towards different

generations and accordingly identify gaps that can be improved (if any) Theoretical Foundations

• Carvalho, Monteiro, and Macedo (2022) explores the influence of Age (among other factors such as gender) on the adoption of new technologies and their impact on continuous improvement, using a quantitative approach

• Zara and Monteiro (2021) examines the negative impact of technological advancements on mental health, focusing on internet and smartphone use which was further accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic

Research Question #1: How Does Technological Advancements Affect Quality of Life Among Different Generations in the UAE? Author: Maria Veronica Nipay

7

• Julan et.al (2018) discusses emotional exhaustion brought by work-related use of information and communication technologies after hours through a mediated moderation model

• Various articles from Arabian Business that implies a negative impact of technology towards work-life balance (an element of QOL) will serve as a contrast study specific to the market of interest

• Huiying, Liyin, and Ren (2022) investigates whether and how a smart city acts upon human happiness

Methodology

• Burckhardt and Anderson (2023) will provide the measurement foundation using the Quality of Life Scale (QOLS) developed by American psychologist John Flanagan, as presented in the Appendix.

• Review various literature surrounding the technology impact on different elements of QOL such as Work Life Balance, Physical and Mental Health, Happiness Score, Living conditions, and other relevant elements

• Review various literature with respect to different age groups/generations • Conduct research specific to the chosen country (UAE) • Design questions to be used for surveys and questionnaire with a clear aim on what data

points are required • Application of Quality of Life Scale (QOLS) within questionnaire

Data Collection

• Existing Literature • Survey and In-person interviews • Focus Groups • Online Questionnaires

Limitations

• The sample size may be skewed towards the age group that accounts for majority of the UAE population

• The sample size may be skewed toward Dubai population due to data accessibility • Availability of reliable data

8

Objectives:

• Gather data and identify if the impact of technological advancements on quality of life differ by culture.

• Conducting a thorough literature review to identify the gaps in the existing literature and try to predict future reactions across nationalities towards new technological advancements.

Theoretical Foundations

• Hofsted theory and the technology acceptance model (TAM). • Liu, C., & Mao, Z. (2019). This article examines the relationship between technological

advancement and quality of life across different countries. The authors use a quantitative approach to analyze data from the World Bank and the United Nations Development Programme.

• Liao, Y., & Chen, J. V. (2018). This article explores the impact of technology on quality of life in rural China. The authors use a mixed-methods approach, including surveys and interviews, to examine the role of technology in improving access to healthcare, education, and economic opportunities.

• "The Impact of Technological Advancement on the Quality of Life: A Comparative Study of Developed and Developing Countries" by Tariq Mahmood and Yawar Abbas (2016).

• Salehan, Lee, J.nam (2018) - Are there any relationships between technology and cultural values?

Methodology & Data Collection

• Appropriate data collection methods are a key point to be noted while gathering data. Methods such as surveys, interviews would be required to have an understanding on how the different nationalities are adapting to the new technological advancements.

• Collection of secondary data from government agencies and other organizations would also help in giving further insights in the research.

• Overall, the methodology for researching how technological advancements affect quality of life among different nationalities will involve a combination of quantitative and qualitative data collection and analysis methods along with the existing literature review mentioned above.

• Refer to sample questions in (Appendix).

Limitations

• Accessibility to different nationalities in a short time span could become a constraint.

Research Question #2: Does the impact of technological advancements on quality of life differ between cultures and nationalities? Author: Faheem Abdul Hameed

9

• Access to technology could vary widely among different nationalities. • Quality of data could be weak sometimes due to the cultural differences in interpreting

quality of life and technological advancements among different nationalities.

With advancements in technology, people's quality of life has improved significantly. However, it is essential to explore whether these advancements have impacted different genders equally or have resulted in further inequality. In today's digital era, technology is ubiquitous, and access to it has become more democratic. However, disparities still exist in how different genders access, use, and benefit from technology. This research aims to investigate the impact of technological advancements on the quality of life of different genders. The study will explore the differential effects of technology on men and women and how these differences shape individuals' quality of life.

The research findings will contribute to a better understanding of the impact of technological advancements on the quality of life in different genders. By exploring similarities and differences in experiences and perceptions, the study will provide insights into the ways in which technology can shape and transform the lives of individuals of different genders. The findings may inform policies and practices aimed at reducing gender-based disparities and promoting equitable access to technology.

Objectives:

• Examine how technological advances affect the quality of life of men and women in different ways, including differences in access to technology and its benefits.

• Investigate whether technological advances have opened up new opportunities for women in education, employment, and entrepreneurship, and whether gender gaps persist in these areas.

• Assess the impact of technology on financial and economic empowerment • Assess the impact of technology on social inequality and stratification, reduce the

negative impact of technological advances on marginalized groups, including women and girls.

Research Question #3: How Does Technological Advancements Impact Quality of Life in Different Genders? Author: Zhouyi Li

10

Theoretical Foundations

• Feminist Science and Technology Studies (STS):Haraway, D. (1988). Situated knowledge: The science question in feminism and the privilege of partial perspective. Feminist studies, 14(3), 575-599.

• Technofeminism: Wajcman, J. (2010). Feminist theories of technology. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 34(1), 143-152.

• Digital Divide: This theory highlights the disparities in access to and use of digital technologies based on various factors, including gender. Unequal access to technology can lead to disparities in education, employment, health, and other areas, affecting quality of life. (Warschauer & Matuchniak, 2010)

• Gender theory: This theory suggests that gender is a social construct that shapes how people perceive and experience the world. Technology can perpetuate or challenge gender norms and stereotypes, which can impact people's quality of life. (Connell, 2019)

Methodology

• Mixed-methods approach, combining both quantitative and qualitative methods • Research design and approach • Sampling strategy and participant recruitment

Data Collection

• The quantitative data collection will involve a survey questionnaire that will be distributed to a sample of the population. The survey responses will be analyzed using statistical software to identify patterns and relationships between different variables.

• The qualitative data collection will involve conducting in-depth interviews with a sub- sample of participants from the survey. The interviews will aim to provide a deeper understanding of how technological advancements impact the quality of life of different genders.

Limitations

• Generalizability of the findings. • Subjectivity of the data collected. Quality of life is a subjective concept • Gender is a complex construct that encompasses a range of identities, experiences, and

expressions.

11

For people of determination, technology has opened new possibilities and opportunities to improve their quality of life. From assistive devices to communication aids, technology has made significant contributions to the lives of people of determination. However, despite the importance of technology in their lives, there is a lack of research on the subject. Therefore, this research proposal aims to explore the ways in which technological advancements have improved the quality of life for people of determination. The use of technology to improve the quality of life for people of determination is not a new concept. According to a study by the World Health Organization (WHO), assistive technologies have been used for many years to enhance the mobility, communication, and independence of people with disabilities (WHO, 2021). Furthermore, the use of technology has been shown to increase social participation, improve education, and promote employment opportunities for people of determination (Rogers, 2014). Objectives:

• Identify the impact of technology on accessibility and inclusion • Analyze the experiences and perspectives of disabled people • Examine the ethical and social implications of technology • Evaluate the impact of technology on the quality of life for disabled people

Theoretical Foundations

• (Burgstahler, 2015) – Universal Design Approach: Universal design is an approach to designing products and environments that are accessible and usable by people with a wide range of abilities and disabilities.

• Artiles, A. J., & Kozleski, E. B. (2016) - Disability Studies in Education: Disability studies in education is an interdisciplinary field of study that focuses on the experiences of disabled students and the social, cultural, and political factors that shape their experiences.

• (Clarkson et al., 2015) - Inclusive Design: Inclusive design is a design approach that emphasizes the importance of designing products and environments that are accessible and usable by everyone, regardless of their abilities or disabilities.

• (Ellis & Kent, 2015) - Disability and Technology Studies: Disability and technology studies is an interdisciplinary field of study that examines the intersections of disability and technology.

Methodology

This research will employ a qualitative research design. The data will be collected through interviews with people of determination who have experience using technology to enhance

Research Question #4: How has technological advancements improved quality of life for people of determination? Author: Shawn Mathew

12

their quality of life. The participants will be selected through sampling to ensure a diverse range of perspectives. The data collected will be analyzed to identify patterns and trends.

Data Collection

• Survey and In-person interviews • Online Questionnaires

Limitations

• Some people of determination may not have access to technology due to certain barriers.

• There may be limited data available on the experiences of disabled people with technology.

13

3 - Timelines

14

4 - Appendix

Table 1. Measurement: Using the Quality-of-Life Scale (QOLS) Source: Burckhardt and Anderson (2003)

Illustration 3. Sample Questionnaire specific to Research Question #1

15

Illustration 4. Sample Questionnaire for all Research Questions

16

5 - References:

Artiles, A. J., & Kozleski, E. B. (2016). Inclusive education: Examining equity on five continents. Harvard Educational Review, 86(2), 149-168.

Aslam, A., Eugster, J. and Piazza, R. (no date) Globalization helps spread knowledge and technology across borders, IMF. Available at: https://www.imf.org/en/Blogs/Articles/2018/04/09/globalization- helps-spread-knowledge-and-technology-across-borders (Accessed: March 5, 2023).

Aslam, A., Eugster, J. and Piazza, R. (no date) Globalization helps spread knowledge and technology across borders, IMF. Available at: https://www.imf.org/en/Blogs/Articles/2018/04/09/globalization- helps-spread-knowledge-and-technology-across-borders (Accessed: March 5, 2023).

Blankson, A. (2021), How Technology Can Be Part of a Happy Life, Greater Good Magazine, Media & Tech, Available online: https://greatergood.berkeley.edu/article/item/how_technology_can_be_part_of_a_happy_life Accessed on March 03 2023

Buckhardt, C.S., Anderson, K.L. (2003), The Quality of Life Scale (QOLS): reliability, validity, and utilization. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2003 Oct 23;1:60. doi: 10.1186/1477-7525-1-60. PMID: 14613562; PMCID: PMC269997. Available online: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC269997/ Accessed on March 03 2023

Burgstahler, S. (2015). Universal design in higher education: From principles to practice. Harvard Education Press.

Carvalho, J.D., Monteiro, M., Macedo, H. (2022) Influence of Gender, Education, Age Group and Time in the Company on the Adoption of New Technologies and their Impact on Continuous Improvement, FME Transactions 2022, 50, 635-642, University of Minho, doi: 10.5937/fme2204635D

Charles, A. (2023), Top 19 New Technology Trends for 2022 – 2023, Koenig India, Available online: https://www.koenig-solutions.com/blog/top-new-technology-trends Accessed on March 03 2023

Clarkson, J., Coleman, R., Keates, S., & Lebbon, C. (2015). Inclusive design: Designing and developing accessible environments. Springer.

Connell, R. (2019). Gender in world perspective. John Wiley & Sons.

De Leo, D., Diekstra, R.F., Lonnqvist, J., Trabucchi, M., Cleiren, M.H., Frisoni, G.B., Sampaio-Faria, J., (1998), LEIPA D: An internationally applicable instrument to assess quality of life in the elderly. Behavioral Medicine (Washington DC), 24, 17-27. doi: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08964289809596377 Accessed on March 03 2023

Diamandis, P., & Kotler, S. (2012). Abundance: The Future is Better Than You Think. Free Press.

Ellis, K., & Kent, M. (2015). Disability and new media. Routledge.

Jan, J., Alshare, K.A. & Lane, P.L. Hofstede’s cultural dimensions in technology acceptance models: a meta-analysis. Univ Access Inf Soc (2022).

17

Jan, J., Alshare, K.A. & Lane, P.L. Hofstede’s cultural dimensions in technology acceptance models: a meta-analysis. Univ Access Inf Soc (2022).

Julian, X., Hongyu, M., Zhiqing E.Z., Hanying T. (2018), Work-related use of information and communication technologies after hours (W_ICTs) and emotional exhaustion: A mediated moderation model, Computers in Human Behavior, Volume 79, 2018, Pages 94-104, ISSN 0747-5632, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.10.023.

Kurzweil, R. (2000). The Age of Spiritual Machines: When Computers Exceed Human Intelligence.

Lee, S.G., Trimi, S. and Kim, C. (2012) The impact of cultural differences on technology adoption. JAI. Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1090951612000405 (Accessed: March 5, 2023).

Lee, S.G., Trimi, S. and Kim, C. (2012) The impact of cultural differences on technology adoption. JAI. Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1090951612000405 (Accessed: March 5, 2023).

Lindén E, Elheim C, Löfquist H. (2021) Self-service technology and Baby boomers : A qualitative study of baby boomers’ acceptance towards self-scanning devices in supermarkets. [Internet] [Dissertation]. 2021. Available from: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-104872

McAfee, A (2012), Leverage Technology for Business Transformation, Harvard Business Review, Available online: https://hbr.org/webinar/2012/08/leverage-technology-for-busine Accessed March 03 2023.

OECD (2014), How’s Life in Your Region?: Measuring Regional and Local Well-being for Policy Making, OECD Publishgin, Paris; Design adapted by the FSO 2016. Available online: https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/en/home/statistics/cross-sectional-topics/city-statistics/indicators- quality- life.html#:~:text=The%20immaterial%20dimensions%20of%20the,Engagement%20and%20Work%2DLif e%20Balance, Accessed on March 03 2023

Rogers, J. (2014). How technology can improve the quality of life for disabled people. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/social-care-network/2014/m

Salehan, M., Kim, D. and Lee, J.nam (2018) Are there any relationships between technology and cultural values? A country-level trend study of the association between Information Communication Technology and cultural values, Are there any relationships between technology and cultural values? A country-level trend study of the association between information communication technology and cultural values. North-Holland. Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0378720616302580 (Accessed: March 5, 2023).

Salehan, M., Kim, D. and Lee, J.nam (2018) Are there any relationships between technology and cultural values? A country-level trend study of the association between Information Communication Technology and cultural values, Are there any relationships between technology and cultural values? A country-level trend study of the association between information communication technology and cultural values. North-Holland. Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0378720616302580 (Accessed: March 5, 2023).

18

Schwab, K. (2017). The Fourth Industrial Revolution. World Economic Forum.

Theofilou, P., (2013), Quality of life: definition and measurement. Europe's journal of psychology, 9(1), Available online: https://nursesoncall.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/quality-of-life.pdf, Accessed March 03 2023

US Census Bureau, (2021), Computer and Internet Use in the United States: 2018, Available online: https://www.census.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2021/computer-internet- use.html#:~:text=Highlights,had%20a%20broadband%20internet%20subscription, Accessed on March 03 2023

Warschauer, M., & Matuchniak, T. (2010). New technology and digital worlds: Analyzing evidence of equity in access, use, and outcomes. Review of Research in Education, 34(1), 179-225.

Zara, M.C., Monteiro, L.H.A. (2021), The negative impact of technological advancements on mental health: An epidemiological approach, Applied Mathematics and Computation, Volume 396, ISSN 0096- 3003, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amc.2020.125905. Available online: https://www-sciencedirect- com.ezproxy.uow.edu.au/science/article/pii/S0096300320308584 Accessed on March 03 2023