Evaluation

Full citation of selected article

Article #1

Article #2

Article #3

Article #4

Sutton, E., Brewster, L., & Tarrant, C. (2019). Making infection prevention and control everyone’s business? Hospital staff views on patient involvement. Health Expectations, 22(4), 650–656.

Babbar P, Biswal M, Behera D, Gupta A (2019) Healthcare Associated Infections in Intensive Care Units: A Pilot Study in a Tertiary Care Public Hospital in India J Prev Infec Contr Vol.5 No.1:1

Raj, A., Ramakrishnan, D., Thomas, C., Mavila, A., Rajiv, M., & Suseela, R. (2019). Assessment of health facilities for airborne infection control practices and adherence to national airborne infection control guidelines: A study from Kerala, Southern India. Indian Journal of Community Medicine, 44(5), 23–26

Park, M. K., & Ahn, M. N. (2019). Affecting Factors on Performance of Standard Precaution for Healthcare associated Infection Control and Prevention in Nursing Students: focused on Patient Safety Attitude, Empowerment, Awareness. Journal of the Korea Convergence Society, 10(4), 265-275.

Why you chose this article and/or how it relates to the clinical issue of interest (include a brief explanation of the ethics of research related to your clinical issue of interest)

The study focuses on efforts to achieve genuine and appropriate patient and relative involvement. There is need to take into account staff motivation to collaborate with patients and relatives in optimizing IPC, and the barriers they see in involving patients in IPC. The study describes staff views on the challenges of involving patients in co‐producing IPC as part of care delivery. Establishing how and when to engage patients and relatives to play a role in co‐producing IPC at the point of care can be complex. The study highlights the need to explore how staff can be supported to make ethical and appropriate decisions about involving patients and relatives that address individual characteristics and needs. Staff responsibility for protecting patients from the risk of infection may sometimes need to take priority over prerogatives to involve patients in the co‐production of IPC.

The study looks at the prevalence of infections to patients and staff in hospitals. The study focuses on infections acquired in the hospital. These infections are the ones which are noticed after a patient has been discharged from the hospital. The prevalence of new infections among discharged patients shows that compliance levels are low in the hospital. The article advocates for preventive measures to be established in hospitals.

The study asses the

adherence to guidelines

set to deal with airborne

disease. Airborne

transmission of infectious

disease is a major public

health concern.

Evidence shows that

tuberculosis (TB) is a

significant occupational

problem among health-

care workers (HCWs),

especially in hospitals

with no TB control

measures in place.

Nosocomial outbreaks of

airborne infections such

as influenza H1N1,

H5N1, drug-susceptible,

multidrug-resistant TB, and extensively drug-resistant TB have been reported, and high rates of morbidity and mortality have been linked to the absence or limited application of airborne infection control strategies.

The study focused on the attitude of student nurses’ regarding infection control. The study looks at how well the nursing students respond to patient safety. It also looks at how informed they are about infection control policies. The creativity of the nursing students in cases of health infections was also tested. The study showed that motivation plays a key role in encouraging nurses to ensure patients are safe.

Brief description of the aims of the research of each peer-reviewed article

The study aims to understand how hospital staff perceive the involvement of patients and relatives in infection prevention and control (IPC). It also looks at the main challenges for staff in working together with patients and relatives to reduce the threat of infection. The study will serve as a source of finding the aspects of existing infection control practices. This study will be helpful in bridging the gap between the current infection control practices. It also integrates the process with the organization to maintain and improve the effectiveness of clinical services.

The study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the prevalence and effect of health acquired infections (HAI) on average length of stay of patients in ICU. It aimed at finding out which patients are at great risk of getting infection ls after a long stay in the hospital. The study also looks at which group of patients is most affected.

The objective of the study was to assess the health facilities for airborne infection control (AIC) practices and adherence to the National AIC (NAIC) guidelines, 2010. National AIC (NAIC) guidelines were formulated in India in 2010.The guidelines included specific policies for TB prevention and control in health-care settings. The compliance with these guidelines have not been assessed in routine practice in Kerala.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between attitude toward patient safety, empowerment and awareness. It also looks at performance of standard precaution for healthcare associated infection control and prevention. The study also identifies the influencing factors of the performance in nursing students. It aims to improve awareness among nurses. It was also the objective of the study to enhance the nurse’s understanding of infection control policies.

Brief description of the research methodology used Be sure to identify if the methodology used was qualitative , quantitative , or a mixed-methods approach. Be specific.

Qualitative semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 35 frontline health‐care professionals and four executive staff, from two hospital trusts. Participants (n = 29) were initially recruited from six medical and surgical wards in one trust. In order to provide a wider range of hospital environments, a further ten participants were recruited from intensive care and accident and emergency in the second trust. One trust was a teaching hospital NHS trust and one a university hospital foundation trust. Interviews were conducted by LB and a second project researcher, either face‐to‐face, or by telephone if requested by the participant.

The research was a quantitative study whereby the primary diagnosis, presenting signs, vitals and lab parameters of every patient at the time of admission was evaluated to calculate the severity of illness as per APACHE II score. This prospective matched cohort study was conducted in an 8-bed Respiratory ICU (RICU) of a 2000 bedded tertiary care teaching hospital of North India with a bed occupancy rate of 84%. The patients who met the inclusion criteria were followed up till they were transferred out of the RICU i.e., till they were discharged, they expired, or they left against medical advice.

A quantitative research study method was used. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 25 public and 25 private hospitals selected from five randomly selected districts in the state of Kerala. A checklist with 62 components was developed based on the NAIC guidelines. Frequencies, percentages, and mean with standard deviation were used to summarize facility risk assessment and compliance to guidelines. Major components in checklist were administrative control measures include education and training of staff

The study used quantitative research sampling method. The participants were 185 nursing students on one college in J city. Data collection was conducted from september 10 to 21, 2018. The collected data was analyzed with independent t-test, ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation coefficient and stepwise multiple regression using SPSS Statistics 22.0 program. As a result of multiple regression analysis showed that the factors influencing the performance of the standard precaution were awareness, empowerment, participation in the patient safety campaign and the performance was explained by 51.0%.

A brief description of the strengths of each of the research methodologies used, including reliability and validity of how the methodology was applied in each of the peer-reviewed articles you selected.

The study focused on qualified nurses who provided information through questionnaires. The qualitative method used obtained information that is reliable and valid. This method is an effective way of collecting data. The participants were nurses who have been working for several years and the information they provided is based on their experience. The nurses also got the chance to express their concerns freely.

The results of the study are reliable because the researchers followed up on the participants for one month. The long duration of collecting and analyzing data make the findings reliable. The patients gave feedback about their progress and it was compared to that of the patients who were still admitted. The comparisons enabled the researchers to come up with a valid conclusion.

The researchers collected

a lot of data in various

stages and analyzed the

data step by step.

Analyzing data in stages

enhanced accuracy. This

reduced the margin of

error hence making the

research findings reliable

and valid. Breaking down

the huge amount of data

into small bits also

enabled the researchers to

organize their results in

a detailed and easy to

understand manner. The

researchers relied on

surveys which is an

effective way of

collecting data.

The survey method of collecting data used was questionnaires. Surveys enable researchers to collect data from a large group of people. The large sample size provided reliable data. The method used is scientifically proven to be effective which makes the data valid. The data obtained is representative of the situation in the hospital which makes it reliable.

iGeneral Notes/Comments

Staff felt that patients and relatives were sometimes willing to take on some responsibility for IPC. The ability to be involved could change over time depending on circumstances. This indicates that a more nuanced approach to involvement may be required. Patient and relative capacity and willingness to be involved in IPC should be seen as context specific and fluctuating. Staff may also need to re‐negotiate the level and nature of involvement as circumstances change.

Implementing and monitoring HAI surveillance is a prime concern. It is an issue that requires attention in order to prevent occurences. Health acquired infections can lead to more complications for the patient. This is not the aim of healthcare, patients go to receive treatment and not acquire new infections.

 Dissemination of NAIC guidelines has to be given due importance in Kerala state which is very essential for preventing nosocomial airborne transmission of infections. Making hospitals compliant to AIC need to address deficiencies in all components of NAIC guidelines including administrative, environmental, and use of personal protective equipment in both government and private hospitals in the state. Establishment of functional hospital infection control committees, periodic infection control training for the hospital staffs, and routine assessment on airborne infection prevention practices need to be done in all health-care facilities. All health facilities need to undertake facility risk assessment and based on that, locally customized low-cost interventions need to be adapted to ensure compliance to AIC.

In order to improve the performance of standard precaution for nursing students, various convergent education programs should be applied. These education programs will raise awareness and improve empowerment among nurses. It is also necessary to seek ways for nursing students to participate actively in patient safety campaigns. Encouraging nurses to be creative in situations involving infection control is a good way of ensuring patient safety. Creative thinking will also encourage nurses to be familiar with the existing infection control policies.