Thesis Proposal

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Chapter 1

The Selection of a Research Approach

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Introduction

  • Research approaches – plans and the procedures for research that span the steps
  • Research designs – procedures for inquiry
  • Research methods – specific data collection, analysis, and interpretation methods
  • Research problem – issue being addressed

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Creswell, Research Design 5e

SAGE Publishing, 2018

Creswell, Research Design 5e SAGE Publishing, 2018

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The book uses three key terms throughout: Research approaches, research designs, and research methods. They represent the perspective about research from broad constructions of research to the narrow procedures of methods.

The Three Approaches to Research

  • Qualitative
  • Quantitative
  • Mixed methods

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Creswell, Research Design 5e

SAGE Publishing, 2018

Creswell, Research Design 5e SAGE Publishing, 2018

Qualitative research:

  • Focuses on understanding meaning
  • Uses emerging questions
  • Collects data in participant’s setting
  • Uses the an inductive approach to analysis
  • Has a written report that is flexible in structure

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Creswell, Research Design 5e

SAGE Publishing, 2018

The Three Approaches to Research

Creswell, Research Design 5e SAGE Publishing, 2018

Quantitative research:

  • Tests objective theories
  • Examines relationships among measurable variables
  • Uses survey instruments that produce numbered data
  • Uses statistical analysis of data generated
  • Tests theories deductively
  • Uses a set structure for the final report

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Creswell, Research Design 5e

SAGE Publishing, 2018

The Three Approaches to Research

Creswell, Research Design 5e SAGE Publishing, 2018

Mixed methods research:

  • Collects both quantitative and qualitative data
  • Integrates the two forms of data
  • Uses distinct designs that may involve philosophy or theory
  • Yields additional insight to a research problem

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Creswell, Research Design 5e

SAGE Publishing, 2018

The Three Approaches to Research

Creswell, Research Design 5e SAGE Publishing, 2018

Three Components Involved in an Approach

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Creswell, Research Design 5e

SAGE Publishing, 2018

Creswell, Research Design 5e SAGE Publishing, 2018

Philosophical worldviews:

  • Beliefs about the world and nature of research
  • Make explicit in proposal
  • Four common worldviews:

Postpositivism

Constructivism

Transformative

Pragmatism

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Creswell, Research Design 5e

SAGE Publishing, 2018

Three Components Involved in an Approach

Creswell, Research Design 5e SAGE Publishing, 2018

*

Creswell, Research Design 5e

SAGE Publishing, 2018

Three Components Involved in an Approach

Creswell, Research Design 5e SAGE Publishing, 2018

Research designs:

  • Types of inquiry
  • Qualitative, quantitative, or mixed methods
  • Provides specific direction for procedures
  • Types of designs have grown

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Creswell, Research Design 5e

SAGE Publishing, 2018

Three Components Involved in an Approach

Creswell, Research Design 5e SAGE Publishing, 2018

*

Creswell, Research Design 5e

SAGE Publishing, 2018

Three Components Involved in an Approach

Creswell, Research Design 5e SAGE Publishing, 2018

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Quantitative research designs:

  • Causal-comparative research
  • Correlational design
  • Survey research
  • Experimental research

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Creswell, Research Design 5e

SAGE Publishing, 2018

Three Components Involved in an Approach

Creswell, Research Design 5e SAGE Publishing, 2018

*

Qualitative research designs:

  • Narrative research
  • Phenomenological research
  • Grounded theory
  • Ethnography
  • Case studies

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Creswell, Research Design 5e

SAGE Publishing, 2018

Three Components Involved in an Approach

Creswell, Research Design 5e SAGE Publishing, 2018

*

Mixed methods research designs:

  • Integration of quantitative and qualitative research and data and analyses
  • Core designs

Convergent parallel mixed methods

Explanatory sequential mixed methods

Exploratory sequential mixed methods

  • Complex designs (e.g., experiment)

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Creswell, Research Design 5e

SAGE Publishing, 2018

Three Components Involved in an Approach

Creswell, Research Design 5e SAGE Publishing, 2018

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Research methods:

  • Specific forms of

Data collection (e.g., instrument, observations)

Analysis (e.g., statistical analysis, interpret themes)

Interpretation

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Creswell, Research Design 5e

SAGE Publishing, 2018

Three Components Involved in an Approach

Creswell, Research Design 5e SAGE Publishing, 2018

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Creswell, Research Design 5e

SAGE Publishing, 2018

Three Components Involved in an Approach

Creswell, Research Design 5e SAGE Publishing, 2018

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Research Approaches as Worldviews, Design, and Methods

  • Research approach tends to be quantitative, qualitative, or mixed methods
  • Compare philosophy, strategies, methods

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Creswell, Research Design 5e

SAGE Publishing, 2018

Creswell, Research Design 5e SAGE Publishing, 2018

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Creswell, Research Design 5e

SAGE Publishing, 2018

Research Approaches as Worldviews, Design, and Methods

Creswell, Research Design 5e SAGE Publishing, 2018

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Creswell, Research Design 5e

SAGE Publishing, 2018

Research Approaches as Worldviews, Design, and Methods

Creswell, Research Design 5e SAGE Publishing, 2018

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  • Quantitative approach scenario:

Postpositivist worldview

Experimental design

Pretest and posttest measures of attitudes

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Creswell, Research Design 5e

SAGE Publishing, 2018

Research Approaches as Worldviews, Design, and Methods

Creswell, Research Design 5e SAGE Publishing, 2018

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  • Qualitative approach scenario:

Constructivist worldview

Ethnographic design

Observation of behavior

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Creswell, Research Design 5e

SAGE Publishing, 2018

Research Approaches as Worldviews, Design, and Methods

Creswell, Research Design 5e SAGE Publishing, 2018

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  • Qualitative approach scenario:

Transformative worldview

Narrative design

Open-ended interviewing

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Creswell, Research Design 5e

SAGE Publishing, 2018

Research Approaches as Worldviews, Design, and Methods

Creswell, Research Design 5e SAGE Publishing, 2018

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  • Mixed methods approach scenario:

Pragmatic worldview

Collection of both quantitative and qualitative data sequentially in the design

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Creswell, Research Design 5e

SAGE Publishing, 2018

Research Approaches as Worldviews, Design, and Methods

Creswell, Research Design 5e SAGE Publishing, 2018

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Criteria for Selecting a Research Approach

The research problem and questions:

  • Quantitative approach is best when

Identifying factors that influence a particular outcome

Evaluating the utility of an intervention

Understanding best predictors of an outcome

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Creswell, Research Design 5e

SAGE Publishing, 2018

Creswell, Research Design 5e SAGE Publishing, 2018

Chapter 5 power point provides more details on this topic

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The research problem and questions:

  • Qualitative approach is best when

The topic is new

The subject has not been addressed with a certain sample

Existing theories do not apply

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Creswell, Research Design 5e

SAGE Publishing, 2018

Criteria for Selecting a Research Approach

Creswell, Research Design 5e SAGE Publishing, 2018

Chapter 5 power point provides more details on this topic

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The research problem and questions:

  • Mixed methods approach is best when:

Neither quantitative nor qualitative approaches are adequate to understand a research problem

The strength of qualitative and quantitative approaches provides the best understanding

E.g., generalize findings and develop detailed view

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Creswell, Research Design 5e

SAGE Publishing, 2018

Criteria for Selecting a Research Approach

Creswell, Research Design 5e SAGE Publishing, 2018

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Personal experiences:

  • Training
  • Preferences
  • Time
  • Resources
  • Experiences

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Creswell, Research Design 5e

SAGE Publishing, 2018

Criteria for Selecting a Research Approach

Creswell, Research Design 5e SAGE Publishing, 2018

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Audience:

  • Journal editors
  • Journal readers
  • Faculty committees
  • Conference attendees
  • Colleagues in the field
  • Advisers

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Creswell, Research Design 5e

SAGE Publishing, 2018

Criteria for Selecting a Research Approach

Creswell, Research Design 5e SAGE Publishing, 2018

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Summary

  • Identify approach as qualitative, quantitative, or mixed methods
  • Approach includes worldview, research design, and research methods
  • Choice of approach

Research problem

Personal experiences

Audience

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Creswell, Research Design 5e

SAGE Publishing, 2018

Creswell, Research Design 5e SAGE Publishing, 2018

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