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Online versus In-Person Counseling: A Review of Existing Studies

Martha Ramsey

Saint Leo University

Capsthesis/Capstone Project II: PSY 695

Instructor Lara Ault

April 14, 2024

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Online versus In-Person Counseling: A Review of Existing Studies

Summary

This study contrasted internet psychotherapy to in-person counselling during the dawn of

the COVID-19 pandemic. This study examined how both treatment methods affected client

satisfaction, personal interaction, strengths, and shortcomings. Face-to-face therapy was

preferred for its efficacy, while the online therapy was for its price and convenience (Zeren et al.,

2022). The findings suggest that counseling methods should take into account patient preferences

and conditions. The therapeutic alliance is crucial to the therapy outcome, and the counsellor and

client have a strong therapeutic alliance. Demographic factors like age and technological

proficiency play an influencing role in preferences for treatment (Ierardi et al., 2022). Patient-

centred care requires practitioners to create treatment regimens that meet patient preferences.

Study findings will expand mental health treatment options and influence future research.

Implications

The results show that mental health treatment options are complex and require person-

centred approaches. Online therapy is affordable and accessible, but it lacks the personal

connection and effectiveness of face-to-face counselling, especially for some demographic

groups. Mental health practitioners should recognize these and offer treatment based on the

patient's preferences and needs. The study also underscores the role of the quality of therapeutic

alliance in determining the outcome of mental health (Tremain et al., 2020). The quality of the

relationship between a counselor and a client determines the treatment's effectiveness and the

user's experience. Mental health practitioners should prioritize building strong therapeutic

alliances, regardless of the mode of therapy delivery. In addition, this result proves that

demographic factors, like age and technological savviness, are determinants of the preference for

such as (expand)
sounds like you are talking about an existing counselor and client. Who has a strong alliance? What is this alliance?
nice summary. IS this really all you found? Seems important but I am surprised there isn't more going on.
you mean specifically Rogerian person-centered approaches, or just in-person? Rogers coined the person-centered term so you need to clarify that is not what you aer talking about or select a slightly different word.
is this here the breakdown happens for online?
NO PLEASE DONT USE PROVE!! EVER!!!

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counselling modality. The youth may, therefore, prefer e-counselling due to prior convenience

and familiarity associated with this mode from prior personal encounters. Understanding such

differences is critical equitable care access (Alavi et al., 2023).

Limitation

Limitations constrain the generalizability of the findings. The review focused solely on

peer-reviewed articles published from 2019 to 2024 and might have disregarded relevant

literature outside this timeframe. This limitation could result in a biased representation of the

effectiveness of online psychotherapy and in-person counseling (Mohseni et al., 2022). Exposure

to English-only articles could have introduced possible bias in the analysis and left out useful

knowledge from non-English sources. Favorable research may be overrepresented compared to

neutral or negative ones. Access to certain articles may also have been restricted, leading to

potential gaps in the review's coverage.

Additionally, focusing only on articles published during COVID-19 would not capture

effectiveness in long-term trends or changes between online therapy and traditional offline

counselling in selected circumstances. Future research must elaborate the scope of the research

concerning the period and the language used to draw a precise picture of the covered issue.

Recognizing and acknowledging these limitations is essential to effectively interpreting the

findings and the growth and improvement of the research on e-therapy's effect on mental health.

Future research

Future research should include more articles from different language and temporal

contexts to overcome the constraints found. The inclusion would improve understanding of how

online psychotherapy and in-person counseling work across people and contexts (Kotera et al.,

2021). Future research should also examine telehealth technological trends and security, privacy,

Do they? What did your results show? I really am interested in this topic and feel I really haven't learned much from this paper. I know you have lots of information; can you work on better detailing some of the findings/ Right now they aer abstract-level brief and rushed. If you can tie your writing to the box table and send the reader to a numbered row, they could find out more about the study when you do not say much about it. If its easier, you can rite it like you would a regular literature review, as long as you tie pieces together and organize in a meaningful way.
not really - the reason you chose that time period was to zero in on what was happening when online therapy really took off. To say your choice could bias results is not quite fair. It could misrepresent findings, but only if you try to expand your findings outside that time period. ITs like saying you focused only on children, then you say that this might be biased against adult results.
How?? The whole point of a systematic search is to avoid exactly this. This was supposed to be a systematic search where you included articles without looking at the titles or abstracts until you narrowed down to those that fit your criteria. You would not have been able to select studies based on outcome...
Yes to inaccessibility due to paywalls, lack of library ILL access, English-only absolutely are limitations. We might need to talk if you are concerned your search was not unbiased.
of course not, but when online therapy was hardly a thing, you could' not have studies it. Basically, it s so new you have no long-term data. That is not your fault! We need to let time go by and more studies be completed. That is not your problem :)
are you saying you did not do your best at this? I think you are either sloppier than I realized OR harder on yourself than you need be.

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and ethics advancements. Managing these concerns allows mental health providers to provide

safe and effective online therapy while retaining patient confidentiality and confidence.

Longitudinal studies are needed to compare online psychotherapy to in-person counseling for

enduring efficacy. Researchers can assess therapy efficacy and durability by observing results

over time.

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References

Alavi, N., Moghimi, E., Stephenson, C., Gutierrez, G., Jagayat, J., Kumar, A., Shao, Y., Miller,

S., Yee, C. S., Stefatos, A., Gholamzadehmir, M., Abbaspour, Z., Shirazi, A., Gizzarelli,

T., Khan, F., Patel, C., Patel, A., Yang, M., & Omrani, M. (2023). Comparison of online

and in-person cognitive behavioral therapy in individuals diagnosed with major

depressive disorder: a non-randomized controlled trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 14.

https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1113956

Ierardi, E., Bottini, M., & Riva Crugnola, C. (2022). Effectiveness of an online versus face-to-

face psychodynamic counselling intervention for university students before and during

the COVID-19 period. BMC psychology, 10(1), 1-10. Retrieved from

https://bmcpsychology.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40359-022-00742-7

Kotera, Y., Kaluzeviciute, G., Lloyd, C., Edwards, A.-M., & Ozaki, A. (2021). Qualitative

investigation into therapists’ experiences of online therapy: implications for working

clients. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(19),

10295. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph181910295

Mohseni, M., Ameri, H., & Arab-Zozani, M. (2022). Potential limitations in systematic review

studies assessing the effect of the main intervention for treatment/therapy of COVID-19

patients: An overview. Frontiers in Medicine, 9.

https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2022.966632

Tremain, H., McEnery, C., Fletcher, K., & Murray, G. (2020). The therapeutic alliance in digital

mental health interventions for serious mental illnesses: Narrative review (Preprint).

JMIR Mental Health, 7(8). https://doi.org/10.2196/17204

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Zeren, G., Erus, S. M., Amanvermez, Y., Genç, A. B., & Baki, D. U. Y. (2022). Client’s

experiences of online counseling: satisfaction and therapeutic alliance. Cukurova

University Faculty of Education Journal, 51(1), 634-658.

https://doi.org/10.14812/cuefd.843542

  • References