“The Law Reform (Frustrated Contracts) Act 1943 is unfit for purpose and ought to be replaced.” Discuss.

Grade Numerical Equivalent

Description of Attainment for the Award of Grade

A++

85-100 “A” range: First Class A first class answer is one that has a thoughtful structure, a clear message, which depending on the question, may display personal reflection informed by wider reading of appropriate sources and a good grasp of detail (as evidenced by the choice of relevant examples which are well integrated into the answer’s structure). A high first-class answer should reveal an exceptional ability to offer novel or innovative insights for consideration. A very high first-class answer should be of a standard that is suitable for publication in a relevant student journal (subject to minor amendments). Generally, first-class answers are ones that are excellent for an undergraduate level and which achieve this standard in one or more of the following:

• comprehensiveness and accuracy;

• clarity of argument and expression;

• integration of a range of materials;

• evidence of wider reading;

• insight into the theoretical issues. Excellence in one or more of these areas should be in addition to the qualities expected of an upper second- class answer.

A+

78

A

75

A- 72

B+

68 “B” range: Upper Second Class An upper second-class answer is one that shows very good levels of knowledge and understanding of the subject area under consideration. Importantly, such an answer must have dealt effectively with the question asked and it should satisfy most, if not all, of the following:

• demonstrate a good understanding of relevant principles and concepts;

• be generally accurate and well-informed by a suitable range of appropriate reading;

• be reasonably comprehensive in scope;

• be well-organised and structured;

• be succinctly and cogently presented;

• display some evidence of insight, particularly through the application of relevant rules/principles and/or the development of significant arguments.

B

65

B- 62

C+

58 “C” range: Lower Second Class A lower second-class answer is a substantially correct one that demonstrates most, if not or all, of the following:

• offers sound levels of knowledge and understanding of relevant principles and concepts.

• provides a competent answer to the set question (albeit based largely on textbooks and lecture notes).

• predominantly focuses on reprising material knowledge rather than on the development of key arguments (or the provision of appropriate analysis).

• Satisfactory levels of presentation, structure and clarity of expression.

A lower second-class answer may contain some major errors or omissions. It could be a good answer (i.e., an upper-second class answer) to a related question but not the one set by the assessor.

C

55

C- 52

D+

48 “D” range: Third Class A third-class answer should demonstrate some basic knowledge and understanding of the general area under consideration. However, it may be weak in the following ways;

• descriptive only;

• does not answer the question directly;

• misses key points;

• contains important inaccuracies

• covers material sparsely, possibly in note form;

• assertions not supported by authority or evidence.

• limited evidence of problem-solving skills.

D 45

E 42 Pass A pass represents the minimum requirements for an acceptable standard at the bottom of the third-class category. There is just sufficient information to indicate that the student has a general familiarity with the subject area. Such answers typically:

• contain very little appropriate or accurate material;

• cover the basic material in only a cursory fashion;

• are poorly presented and do not development arguments.

F 38

Very close and Not bad Fails

35 Too little by way of information or analysis to pass. “E” grade answers show enough familiarity with the subject matter of the question (or topic) to suggest that the student made a genuine, if failing attempt, to learn it. A mark of 38 denotes a very close fail and the assessor gives it accepting that a second assessor or an external examiner may, on reflection, raise this to a pass.

F 25 Bad fail By contrast with an “E” grade, in an “F” grade answer there is insufficient material to indicate that the student made a serious attempt to learn the subject matter addressed by the exam question or essay topic.

F- 15 “F-” is a grade to be given to an answer which, under examination conditions, typically for lack of time, consists of a paragraph or two or an answer plan relevant to the question but not more.

0 0 Grade given for un-submitted work, unanswered questions, answers which are wholly irrelevant to the question set and show no sign of reading the question.