management unit 8 responses

1. Public service motivation in the private and public sectors. At the core of PSM theory is the belief that public service motivation is higher among those employed in the public sector compared to the private sector. Each of these five forces of commoditization, digitization, social mediaization, globalization, and turbulence is a strategically decisive issue that's central to everything that your organization must understand and plan for.

· Unethical Leadership. Having a personal issue with your boss is one thing, but reporting to a person who is behaving unethically is another, Toxic Workplace Culture, Discrimination and Harassment, and Unrealistic and Conflicting Goals.

2. Lack of motivation, increased self-interest, and lack of altruism (the need to help others), are challenges for democracy from the new public service, according to the author. Issues driving organizations to change in today's environment can largly revolve around economics and greed.Ethical questions brought on day to day are impacted by why exactly people are drawn to public service. Are managers, or even workers drawn to these fields to help people or just for the steady pay and benefits. If managers and those workers are drawn to public service for altruistic reasons and not self-interest, how exactly does one stay motivated to keep working for the public good? How do they not get disillusioned by the fact that so many be profiteering from the sytem in some way, with no care for the needs of the people. 

3. The challenges for Democracy are:The lack of motivation from others. Sadly not many people are willing to do much effort if no reward for them is found. Rules of the new governance structers can be easily influenced by greed and power. Society tends to have a need for power. Flexibility can also be an issue when there has to be a certain rule or tradition to be broken for gain. Lack of understanding of advanced technology can be an issue since not many people understand how to use it.Issues driving organizations to change in today's environment:One of the issues is convincing others how their ideals are correct and are beneficial to their opinions. Every person thinks differently which can cause disagreements. Hostility in the work environment and discrimination also plays a large role in the issue since they downright dismiss people regarding their points. Some can even lead to violence.

4. The video Public Service Motivation: From 1990 to Today speaks regarding research that has been conducted to help understand how to motivate employees in Public Service. This is a challenge for democracy that new public service poses. According to Perry (2017), public service motivation is a challenge that the nation is facing from all sectors, not just governmental (1:10). As the employees in Public Service change, so do their motivations and democracy needs to adapt to the motivational changes. There are also issues driving organizations to change in today's environment. As explained by Perry (2017), there are different benefits besides salary that affect an employee's retention and motivation (14:12). Understanding the different benefits would assist a Public Service organization to maintain a motivated hard-working employee without having to drastically increase budgets. Additionally, there are current ethical questions that managers of organizations face on a daily basis. Added by Perry (2017), the current ethical concern is to diminish corruption by using ethical expectations (15:07). When there are clear ethical standards and expectations, an employee will maintain ethical standards and can be deterred from committing corruption. 

5. Public service motivation is based on motives and acts that are meant to benefit people and influence society's well-being. According to James Perry, today's culture places a greater emphasis on employee loyalty to an employer than on the financial. Team growth in the public sector that supports fiscal, political, and social development results in a stable, creative, and efficient public service that contributes to the creation of public benefit, not only in the government sector, but throughout the country.

Perry suggests:

6. Create a supportive work environment that models and reinforces public service motivation  

7. Leverage employee-service beneficiary ties  

8. Provide opportunities for newcomers to learn public service values  

9. Develop leaders who communicate and model public service values 

10.