chap 2 3663
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Mallicoat_PPT02.pptxMallicoat, Women, Gender, and Crime: A Text/Reader, 3e AND Women, Gender, and Crime: Core Concepts, 1e. © SAGE Publications, 2019.
Theories of Victimization
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Chapter 2
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Mallicoat, Women, Gender, and Crime: A Text/Reader, 3e AND Women, Gender, and Crime: Core Concepts, 1e. © SAGE Publications, 2019.
Victims and the Criminal Justice System
Victims are an important part of the criminal justice process.
Many victims are often frustrated with the way in which their cases are processed through the court system.
Some victims express that they are traumatized by their experiences during the trial process.
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Mallicoat, Women, Gender, and Crime: A Text/Reader, 3e AND Women, Gender, and Crime: Core Concepts, 1e. © SAGE Publications, 2019.
Victims and the Criminal Justice System
Core rights
the right to attend criminal justice proceedings;
the right to apply for compensation;
the right to be heard and participate in criminal justice proceedings;
the right to be informed of proceedings and events in the criminal justice process, of legal rights and remedies, and of available services;
the right to protection from intimidation and harassment;
the right to restitution from the offender;
the right to prompt return of personal property seized as evidence;
the right to a speedy trial; and
the right to enforcement of these rights.
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Mallicoat, Women, Gender, and Crime: A Text/Reader, 3e AND Women, Gender, and Crime: Core Concepts, 1e. © SAGE Publications, 2019.
Case Study: Spotlight on Victim Rights in Mexico
Femicide is rampant in border towns, such as Ciudad-Juarez and Chihuahua
The clash between traditional roles for women versus the rise of female independence has been used as an explanation for this type of violence
Grassroots movements to help end the violence and provide support to are growing
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Mallicoat, Women, Gender, and Crime: A Text/Reader, 3e AND Women, Gender, and Crime: Core Concepts, 1e. © SAGE Publications, 2019.
Victim Blaming:
Victim Blaming is when the responsibility of the crime is shifted from the offender to the victim.
Victim blaming has been linked to the idea of a “just world”.
The “just world” hypothesis is that people in society get what they deserve.
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Mallicoat, Women, Gender, and Crime: A Text/Reader, 3e AND Women, Gender, and Crime: Core Concepts, 1e. © SAGE Publications, 2019.
Victim Blaming Cont’d:
Women are a disproportionately represented in many forms of victimization.
Victim blaming is prevalent amongst:
Older individuals
Individuals with limited or no education
Individuals of the lower economic class.
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Mallicoat, Women, Gender, and Crime: A Text/Reader, 3e AND Women, Gender, and Crime: Core Concepts, 1e. © SAGE Publications, 2019.
Fear of Victimization:
Many Americans do not have any form of interaction with the criminal justice system.
Media plays a huge role in depicting how much crime exists in society.
Public policy on crime is heavily influenced by the media.
Women and girls are more likely to express fears of victimization rather than men and boys.
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Mallicoat, Women, Gender, and Crime: A Text/Reader, 3e AND Women, Gender, and Crime: Core Concepts, 1e. © SAGE Publications, 2019.
Theories of Victimization
Victimology is a field of study that focuses on criminals.
Early scholars created typologies of victimization.
Benjamin Mendelsohn--created a typology based on the victims responsibility in their own victimization.
Innocent victim
Victim with minor guilty
Voluntary victim
Victim who is more guilty than the offender
Victim who alone is guilty
Imaginary victim
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Mallicoat, Women, Gender, and Crime: A Text/Reader, 3e AND Women, Gender, and Crime: Core Concepts, 1e. © SAGE Publications, 2019.
Theories of Victimization Cont’d:
Hans von Hentig’s--typologies discussed how personal factors can contribute to victimization.
Young
Female
Old
Mentally defective and/or deranged
Immigrants
Minorities
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Mallicoat, Women, Gender, and Crime: A Text/Reader, 3e AND Women, Gender, and Crime: Core Concepts, 1e. © SAGE Publications, 2019.
Theories of Victimization Cont’d:
Routine Activities Theory--was a theory which was created by Cohen and Felson in 1979.
This theory has been instrumental in explaining different forms of crime in different demographically settings.
The theory:
Focuses on the daily patterns of individuals and how it can play a role in their victimization.
Three essential components:
Offender
Suitable target
Lack of a capable guardian
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Mallicoat, Women, Gender, and Crime: A Text/Reader, 3e AND Women, Gender, and Crime: Core Concepts, 1e. © SAGE Publications, 2019.
Theories of Victimization
Lifestyle theory--this theory focuses on an individual’s patterns and how this can increase their chances of victimization.
Lifestyle theory and routine activities theories basic premise are often combined because they are so closely related.
Both theories have been used to explain sexual assault on college campuses.
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Mallicoat, Women, Gender, and Crime: A Text/Reader, 3e AND Women, Gender, and Crime: Core Concepts, 1e. © SAGE Publications, 2019.
Feminist Pathways Perspective
This perspective examines women and girls trauma and how it cause them to engage in crime.
Feminist pathway perspective suggests there is a link between victimization and offending.
The perspective also suggests there is a cycle of victimization and offending.
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Mallicoat, Women, Gender, and Crime: A Text/Reader, 3e AND Women, Gender, and Crime: Core Concepts, 1e. © SAGE Publications, 2019.
Case Study: Spotlight on Gender and Kidnapping
Ariel Castro held three women captive for a decade
Pled guilty to 937 counts of kidnapping, rape, child endangerment, and so on
Phillip and Nancy Garrido kidnapped an 11-year-old child and held her captive for 18 years
Pled guilty to kidnapping and rape
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Mallicoat, Women, Gender, and Crime: A Text/Reader, 3e AND Women, Gender, and Crime: Core Concepts, 1e. © SAGE Publications, 2019.
Discussion Questions
How do early theories of victimization distinguish between different types of victims? How might the criminal justice system use these typologies in making decisions about which cases to pursue?
What type of help-seeking behaviors do female crime victims engage in? How are these practices related to the reporting of crimes to law enforcement?
What effects does the practice of victim blaming have for future potential crime victims and the criminal justice system?
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Mallicoat, Women, Gender, and Crime: A Text/Reader, 3e AND Women, Gender, and Crime: Core Concepts, 1e. © SAGE Publications, 2019.
Discussion Questions
In what ways do media outlets support or dispel rape myths and victim blaming? How is this related to help-seeking behavior, official reporting, and revictimization?
How is fear of crime a gendered experience? What factors contribute to the differences in male versus female fear of crime? Do official crime statistics support or dispel the basis for these fear differences?
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Mallicoat, Women, Gender, and Crime: A Text/Reader, 3e AND Women, Gender, and Crime: Core Concepts, 1e. © SAGE Publications, 2019.
Discussion Questions
How might feminist criminologists critique modern-day victimization theories, such as routine activities theory and lifestyle theory?
How have historical theories on female offending failed to understand the nature of female offending?
What contributions has feminist criminology made in understanding the relationship between gender and offending?
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Mallicoat, Women, Gender, and Crime: A Text/Reader, 3e AND Women, Gender, and Crime: Core Concepts, 1e. © SAGE Publications, 2019.
Resources:
Open-Access Student Resources:
Quizzes
E-flashcards
SAGE Journal Articles
Multimedia Resources and more at study.sagepub.com/mallicoat3e
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