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Women and Crime: Introduction

Chapter 1

Mallicoat, Women, Gender, and Crime: A Text/Reader, 3e AND Women, Gender, and Crime: Core Concepts, 1e. © SAGE Publications, 2019.

Influence of Feminism on Studies of Women and Crime

Feminism has played a significant role in explaining some of the issues women in the criminal justice system.

Feminist studies has advanced the body of knowledge about women and provided a platform for women to express their needs to society.

Feminist studies highlight the intersection between sex, gender, and crime.

Mallicoat, Women, Gender, and Crime: A Text/Reader, 3e AND Women, Gender, and Crime: Core Concepts, 1e. © SAGE Publications, 2019.

Case Study: Spotlight on Women and the Academy

The academy has been a predominately male-dominated field

Significant increase in women faculty the last four decades

Women are becoming more active in leadership roles within academic organizations

Mallicoat, Women, Gender, and Crime: A Text/Reader, 3e AND Women, Gender, and Crime: Core Concepts, 1e. © SAGE Publications, 2019.

Women as Victims of Violence

Women make up a large number of victims of crime such as rape, assault, domestic violence, and so on.

Women are more likely to be victimized by a boyfriend, spouse, or someone that they know.

The victimization of women is often ignored or downplayed by the system.

Mallicoat, Women, Gender, and Crime: A Text/Reader, 3e AND Women, Gender, and Crime: Core Concepts, 1e. © SAGE Publications, 2019.

Women Who Offend

Women are overrepresented in certain types of criminal acts.

There are prescribed gender roles for women which are socially constructed by society.

Mallicoat, Women, Gender, and Crime: A Text/Reader, 3e AND Women, Gender, and Crime: Core Concepts, 1e. © SAGE Publications, 2019.

The Intersection of Victimization and Offending

There is a relationship and a vicious cycle for women who are victimized and engage in criminal acts.

Mallicoat, Women, Gender, and Crime: A Text/Reader, 3e AND Women, Gender, and Crime: Core Concepts, 1e. © SAGE Publications, 2019.

Women and Work in the Criminal Justice System

The jobs responsibilities of women are often times limited because of their sex and/or gender.

Women continue to face challenges in their places of employment.

Mallicoat, Women, Gender, and Crime: A Text/Reader, 3e AND Women, Gender, and Crime: Core Concepts, 1e. © SAGE Publications, 2019.

Data Sources on Women as Victims and Offenders

The criminal justice system depicts the amount of crime in the United States using various sources of data.

However, key sources for crime data on women are:

a. The Uniform Crime report (UCR)

b. National Incident Based Report System (NIBRIS).

c. National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS).

Mallicoat, Women, Gender, and Crime: A Text/Reader, 3e AND Women, Gender, and Crime: Core Concepts, 1e. © SAGE Publications, 2019.

UCR

UCR is an acronym for the Uniform Crime Report.

The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) manages the data collection for the UCR.

The crime data for the UCR is reported by law enforcement agencies across the United States.

Law enforcement agencies are responsible for collecting and reporting the number of arrests for both violent and property.

A report of crime in the United States is published annually by the FBI.

Mallicoat, Women, Gender, and Crime: A Text/Reader, 3e AND Women, Gender, and Crime: Core Concepts, 1e. © SAGE Publications, 2019.

UCR Strengths and Weaknesses:

Strengths:

The UCR is the largest data collection report on crime in the United States.

The UCR provides the most accurate assessment of the extent of crime.

Weaknesses:

The UCR contains only arrests known to law enforcement. Therefore, any crimes that are not reported to law enforcement will not be captured in this report.

The UCR records only the most serious offense in instances where an offender has committed multiple offenses.

Mallicoat, Women, Gender, and Crime: A Text/Reader, 3e AND Women, Gender, and Crime: Core Concepts, 1e. © SAGE Publications, 2019.

NIBRS

Another source of crime data is NIBRIS.

NIBRIS is an acronym for the National Incident Based Reporting System.

This reporting system was instituted to address some of the short comings of the UCR.

NIBRIS captures significant crime information. This information includes but is not limited to: offender and victim information along with key details surrounding the crime incident.

Mallicoat, Women, Gender, and Crime: A Text/Reader, 3e AND Women, Gender, and Crime: Core Concepts, 1e. © SAGE Publications, 2019.

NIBRIS Strengths and Weaknesses:

Strengths:

This report provides detailed information about the victim, offender, and the actual crime event.

Data are collected for crimes that have been attempted and completed.

Weaknesses:

The reported still has some limitations about crime.

Law enforcement agencies response to data for this report has been slow.

Mallicoat, Women, Gender, and Crime: A Text/Reader, 3e AND Women, Gender, and Crime: Core Concepts, 1e. © SAGE Publications, 2019.

NCVS

A third source of data on women and crime is NCVS.

NCVS stands for National Crime Victimization Survey.

This survey is conducted by the Census Bureau.

It is a survey in which victim’s of crime report their experiences.

Mallicoat, Women, Gender, and Crime: A Text/Reader, 3e AND Women, Gender, and Crime: Core Concepts, 1e. © SAGE Publications, 2019.

NCVS Strengths and Weaknesses:

Strengths:

The largest victimization survey in the United States.

Recognized for its attempt to bridge the gap between reported and unreported crime.

Weaknesses:

This survey is voluntary. Therefore, it will not include responses for individuals who did not agree to participate.

The victims account of the crime may contain missing information or is distorted.

Mallicoat, Women, Gender, and Crime: A Text/Reader, 3e AND Women, Gender, and Crime: Core Concepts, 1e. © SAGE Publications, 2019.

Contributions of Feminist Methodology to Research

Feminist Methodology provides significant insight on women and their experiences within the field of criminal justice.

This methodology allows women to expresses their concerns and needs which have been overlooked by society for many years.

This methodology is a vehicle that is being used make the issues and needs of women a priority.

Mallicoat, Women, Gender, and Crime: A Text/Reader, 3e AND Women, Gender, and Crime: Core Concepts, 1e. © SAGE Publications, 2019.

Discussion Questions

What impact has feminism had in the study of women and crime?

Discuss how the Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) and the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) represent the measure of female offending and victimization in society.

How do data sets, such as the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS), the National Violence Against Women Survey (NVAWS), and National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey (NISVS), investigate issues of violence against women?

How do feminist research methods inform studies on women and crime?

Mallicoat, Women, Gender, and Crime: A Text/Reader, 3e AND Women, Gender, and Crime: Core Concepts, 1e. © SAGE Publications, 2019.

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