DDB1
Making Arguments, Part I
CONCLUSIONS
Goal: To think about the simple structure of an argument. Many people have shared with me over the years that philosophy is about expressing opinions. That’s not at all accurate. Philosophy is about making arguments and arguments aim to convince and/or arrive at the truth about something. Thinking about the structure of arguments helps to make better ones. Arguments give reasons that support, or fail to support, a conclusion. Conclusions generally appear at the end of the argument after all the reasons have been given. Example: If I see a friend and she has on a pretty lavender shirt I might say, “That color looks great on you!” I have given her my opinion. Neither of us need say anything more (though she might say, thanks!) On the other hand: I might say to my girlfriend, “Women should only wear dresses.” She would (trust me!) disagree and I would then (if I am really out of my mind) try to convince her that, ‘yes, they should only wear dresses.’ Now I have stated something that requires an argument. I might support my first statement with the following: “Women look better in dresses.” “They are easier to make than slacks.” “They are cooler in a tropical climate.” “Therefore women should only wear dresses.” (Conclusion) The reasons for this conclusion may all be lame and even wrong. However, I give them here to support my conclusion to convince her I am right. Again: In arguments reasons are given that support, or fail to support, a conclusion. Conclusions come at the end of arguments. They are often introduced by key words and phrases like the following: Thus…. Therefore…. We can conclude… It can be inferred… Hence… As a result… So… Then…. Accordingly…. FOR OUR FIRST DISCUSSION FORUM, I want you to identify the conclusion of the argument you make in response to the forum question. VERY IMPORTANT, type your conclusion in blue font and place it at the END of your argument. In this conclusion use one of these key words above. Your conclusion must be a one or two sentence statement only!