Discussion Theory #9
SamanthaJa
MadeleineLeiningerTransculturalnursing.ppt
Madeleine Leininger
Transcultural Nursing Theory:
Sunrise Model
What is Transcultural Nursing?
"a discipline of study and practice focused on comparative culture care differences and similarities among and between cultures in order to assist human beings to attain and maintain meaningful and therapeutic health care practices that are culturally based" (Leininger, 2008, p.9).
Motivation for theory development
In the 1950's working as a clinical nurse specialist with disturbed children in the Midwest United States, Leininger noticed recurrent behavioral differences among the children and hypothesized the differences had a cultural base.
This experience led Leininger to becoming the first nurse to earn a doctorate in anthropology and precipitated the development of Transcultural nursing.
(http://nursingtheories.info/biography-of-madeleine-leininger/)
Cont...
Through interactions with patients and conversations with peers Leininger identified "two major missing dimensions in nursing, namely knowledge of diverse cultures and the meaning and practices of care in diverse cultures" (Leininger, 2008, para 4).
Philosophical Roots of Leininger's Theory
Leininger states that the philosophical roots of her theory are:
extensive and diverse nursing experiences
anthropological insights
life experiences and values
reflection upon spiritual insights and beliefs
The theorist created a theory to develop "new practices for nursing to meet diverse cultural needs and to provide therapeutic care with comprehensive and holistic care practices in a caring discipline" Leininger, 2008, p.10)
Transcultural Nursing Theory Concepts
Transcultural nursing theory incorporates research from numerous scientific disciplines:
1. Nursing
2. Medicine
3. Education
4. Psychology
5. Public Health
6. Epidemiology
(Murphy, S. C., 2006)
INTERRELATIONSHIP
Culturally Competent Nursing Care
-promote human rights and
quality health care through
cultural awareness
-centered on universal aspect
of human caring as
defined within each culture
-assess cultural needs and
integrate nursing care that
is congruent with cultural
values
Transcultural Nursing Research
-address cultural conflicts
within healthcare beliefs
-nursing care that is beneficial
and meaningful to all cultures
-increase knowledge base to
improve cultural competence
-impact global healthcare
policy and practices
(Transcultural Nursing Society, 2012)
Culturally Congruent Nursing Care
Culturally congruent nursing care occurs when nurses integrate information from individuals, family, community, or institution based on cultural:
beliefs
values
norms
patterns/lifeways
practices
to provide appropriate and meaningful nursing care.
(Leininger, M. M., 1997)
Metaparadigm Concepts
CARING (not Nursing)
essence of nursing
universal concept within all cultures
assisting, supporting, or enabling behaviors to improve a person's condition
essential for survival, development, ability to deal with life's events
greater level of wellness is achieved when caring is in line with patient's cultural values and beliefs
(Andrews, M. M., Boyles, J. S., 2002)
Metaparadigm Concepts
PERSON
Some cultures do not recognize the concept of "person". Leininger's definition includes:
individuals
families
groups
communities
(Andrews, M. M., Boyles, J. S., 2002)
Metaparadigm Concepts
ENVIRONMENT
The environmental context includes any events
physical
ecological
sociopolitical
cultural
Diversity and Universality Theory:
The Origins of Leininger's Transcultural Nursing Theory
"During the 1950's, while working in a child guidance home, Leininger
experienced what she describes as a culture shock when she realized that
recurrent behavioral patterns in children appeared to have a cultural basis.
Leininger identified a lack of cultural and care knowledge as the missing link to
nursing's understanding of the many variations required in patient care to
support compliance, healing, and wellness. These insights were the
beginnings of a new construct and phenomenon related to nursing care called
transcultural nursing".
(Jones & Bartlett, 2012)
Evaluation of Transcultural Nursing Theory
Clarification of Origin
- Originally developed in 1950s
- Leininger's 1st book, Cultural Care Diversity and Universality - Published 1991
- Transcultural Nursing (2nd ed.) - Published 1995
- Transcultural Nursing (3rd ed.) - Published 2002
- Though the transcultural nursing theory model is applicable to nursing, its principals can be thought to be important in most professional circumstances.
- To achieve the highest degree of patient compliance, healing, and wellness, the theory accounts for the cultural aspects of the patient. (http://nursing-theory.org)
Evaluation of Transcultural Nursing Theory
Content
- Human being- Nurses need humanistic and scientific transcultural knowledge in order to adequately care for patients in the 21st century.
- Environment- Care values are influenced by many things including worldview, spirituality, and environment.
- Health- Care specific to one's culture promotes health, as valued and defined by each culture.
- Nursing- Since 1989 nurses have been able to receive global certification in transcultural nursing, gaining knowledge and awareness of the cultural needs of patients, making them able to provide culturally congruent, responsible and compassionate care. (Leinninger, M. M., 1997)
Evaluation of Transcultural Nursing Theory
View
- The transcultural nursing model can be used in all aspects of nursing care, but proper use of the model can only be achieved
if the patient's values are
known and meaningfully
used in an appropriate way
by the nurse with the patient.
(http://nursing-theory.org)
Evaluation of Transcultural Nursing Theory
Practice situations
- Transcultural Nursing Theory should be
practiced in all professional situations.
- Examples:
- Dietary restriction (kosher) for people of Jewish faith.
- Providing vegetarian meal options for Catholics
on Fridays.
- Direct eye contact for Asian/Vietnamese means a challenge and should be avoided.
- It is customary to address elder Americans as well as people of Arabic and Muslim faith formally.
Weblinks
http://nursing-theory.org/nursing-theorists/Madeline-Leininger.php
References
Leininger, M. (1997, Winter). Transcultural nursing research to tranform nursing education and practice: 40 years. Image: Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 29(4), Retrieved from
http://0go.galegroup.com.mel.org/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA20125511&v=2.1&u=
lom_accessmich&it=r&p=AONE&SW=w
