Looking for University Level Assignments.

Question No (2) (minimum 800 word) (10 Marks) A new terminology appears recently in the policy dialogue called "Green GDP." What are the reasons behind the emergence of this terminology? How is it calculated, and what is the implication of having low green GDP? Compare the value of green GDP and real GDP for any county in the last decade ( for example in 2015 the value of green GDP for (name of the country) is equal to ………while for the same county during the same year the value of real GDP is equal to …………….).

Question No (3) ((minimum 800 word) (10 Marks) As we all know that today's data on unemployment becomes more comprehensive. Today, the hot issue in this regard is unemployment and inactivity among youth. Recent evidence suggests that the unemployment rate among this group is relatively high compare to the adult population across all countries. What are the main factors behind that? Why do youths decide to be inactive? Good Luck

Answers

Question No (1)

COVID-19 AND ITS AFFECT ON HUMAN WELFARE

The sudden and fast spread of Covid-19 is a major global issue. Covid-19 has spread throughout the world in a matter of months. Currently many countries are facing the problem of insufficient medical supplies and faculty to cope with the fast increase of Covid-19 patients. Thousands of people are getting the disease daily and hundreds of deaths are being reported every single day.Covid-19’s spread has caused a major economic downfall of many industries such as manufacturing, tourism, hospitality and travel.Covid-19 has caused the closing of borders of many countries and flights have been delayed or cancelled. This has led to the closing of tourism agencies. People in the tourism industry are unemployed and for how long it is unknown. Worldwide many people face unemployment due to the closing of industries throughout the world which has led to poverty and even starvation for many poor country people. Closing of schools and other educational departments is a major setback to a country overall. Industries such as the agriculture and manufacturing industry are also setback due to social distancing rules set by the government. These industries are the backbone of a countries economy and the living standard of people in a country depend on its economy. People are forced to live alone in quarantine and avoid human interactions. People have stopped meeting even their family and for many it has been days since they went outside the safe haven of their home. People are facing shortage of food and other materials due to less production and closing of factories. A sharp increase is seen in the prices of daily household items and groceries. Many Necessities have become more and more expensive and the situation of the common man worsens.

COVID-19 IN LESS ECCONOMICALLY STABLE NATIONS

Covid-19’s has reached all corners of the world. From its start in China it is now found all over the world due to its charatistic to transmit to other humans easily. The impact of the virus in many Poor economies is likely to be different to rich ones. A number of reasons take part in why that is so. The world’s poorest Population mostly live in households containing more people, with all generations living together in daily contact. This could result in entire households getting the disease due to one person. Literacy rate in poorer country is also very low resulting in less doctors and hospital staff to care for the patients. Ventilators play a major part in the recovery of a Covid-19 patient and poor countries have very few of these important machines for instance Mali has 3 ventilators per million people. Poorer countries also do not have the proper economy to provide their population with precautionary items such as gloves and masks. It is worried that due to these conditions spread of Covid in poor countries can be very fast and dangerous. To save ourselves from Covid-19 it is important to save everyone. Many Economically strong countries like United States of America and China are providing the less fortunate countries with medical supplies and precautionary equipment.

POLICIES IN THE TIME OF CRISIS

In times of pandemic, monetary and fiscal policies are the key to save lives and protect people. Governments have to do whatever it takes. In the current Covid-19 Crisis the government should have 3 goals in its monetary and fiscal policy. The first being the obvious is to cure and fight the virus. The second being provision of disaster relief and to ensure people do not suffer from hunger or poverty. Third is to adjust demand to stay as close to output as possible. If the government manages to cover the above three points it would be a welcomed and good fiscal and monetary policy. The government should cut interest rates and provide easy loans to everyone. Basic Goods should be available in every household so no one has to go to sleep hungry. To avoid bankruptcy the government should lay off taxes or decrease them. Many people will face setbacks and permanent scaring due to the virus and closing of businesses tax relief and other plans to help such people should be implemented. Free Healthcare should be provided so more people can be tested for Covid-19 and treated in good time. Every country is trying its best in this crisis to do its best to overcome the virus.

UAE’S FIGHT AGAINST THE VIRUS

Covid-19’s fast spread has affected the United Arab Emirates like other countries. The UAE government has started the fight against Covid-19. UAE halted all air travel from 25th of March to avoid an increase of patients in its country. As per UAE government decision Emirate Airlines also halted its flight for 2 weeks. UAE has also announced initiatives focused on supporting small and medium-size enterprises and easing the availability of loans to local companies. The UAE government has also suspended all real estate registration fees till the end of the year. The government has also suspended tourism. Toll taxes and registration fees have also been exempted for all vehicles till the end of 2020. UAE Government has also implemented remote work in all its departments.

Question No (2)

GDP AND GREEN GDP

The Green Gross Domestic Product is a monetary growth index that quantify and calculates the environmental penalty of that growth. Green GDP lowers the effects of the loss of biodiversity and the expense of climate change. The concept of green GDP arose in the early 1990s in response to the deficiency of the traditional gross domestic product to account for the monetary costs of exhausted natural resources and incurred pollution, which in turn have an effect on human welfare. This is another way to try to calculate and determine the monetary impact of the environmental harm caused by a country’s economic growth. The idea is that, while the economy might look like it’s increasing now; the damages caused by that growth will without doubt drag it down in the future. In order to calculate green GDP we net natural capital consumption, resource depletion, environmental degradation, healing environmental initiative, subtracted from conventional GDP. Green GDP takes into thought the environmental impact on the productivity of the nation. Low green GDP causes envoirmental damage and increases the pollution in the country. Most industries that boost the GDP of a country produce air pollution such as the brick industry, Petrochemical industry, Cement industry and many more. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) air pollution caused approximately 7 million deaths globally in 2012, mostly in developing nations. Nepal is a country suffering from air pollution and climate change. Nepal is really susceptible to the effects of climate change but it is one of the least equipped countries to deal with them. Current climate change is already causing major impacts and economic costs in Nepal.

CHINA AND GREEN GDP

China is the only major country that has applied Green Gross Domestic Product to calculate its economic product. China announced in 2004 that the Green GDP would take the place of conventional Gross Domestic Product as a financial productivity measure. In 2006, the Chinese Green GDP showed that the economic loss caused by pollution in China was 511.8 billion Yuan which was back then 3.05 percent of the countries’ economy. Green GDP did not stay in china very long as Green Gross Domestic Product was stopped in China after it was found that the Green GDP caused China’s economic growth rate to fall to distastefully low levels, almost zero in some states. The country therefore withdrew its support of the index and returned to the old fashioned GDP. To put it shortly the loss of economy was not worth it for China and hence Green Gross Domestic Product lasted just a year.

Although China's green Gross Domestic Program of 2006 was shelved in a year, Research on a new green GDP index have by no means stopped. In the drive for green development, quicker economic growth is no longer the main concern. And in China's most recent Five-Year Plan, local governments are now answerable for environmental quality and pollution levels.

GREEN GDP IN THE PRESENT AND FUTURE

Currently no major country is using Green Gross Domestic Production but we can hope to see that change in the near future. There are presently debates in many nations on whether or not to change or correct the measure of gross domestic product for weakening of the condition of the environment and reduction of natural resources. There is an current debate in China on how to calculate performance at the countrywide and local level in a method that not only provides incentives for financial development, but also take due notice and thinks about the impact on the environment and the natural resources of the unparalleled economic development taking place in People's Republic of China. If such a balance is formed between economical development and protection of envoirment it would be the best of both worlds. Soon we will see countries other than China also researching and working on green Gross Domestic Product as the damages of the envoirment become more and more prominent. Green GDP is the future of the world and as more and more countries start to implement it the safer and cleaner our envoirment will be.

Question No (3)

INTRODUCTION

Unemployment is a word referring to people who are employable and are looking for work but are not able to find a job. Additionally, it is those Individuals in the labor force or group of people who are available for employment that do not have a proper job. Unemployment has become a great worry all around the world. People all around the world suffer from unemployment and it is an alarming problem all over the world.

TYPES OF UNEMPLOYMENT

Based upon the charatistics of the unemployed unemployment is further divided into types;

· Classical Unemployment: Classical Unemployment occurs when wages for jobs are put above the market point. It causes the amount of job seekers to be more than the amount of vacancies.

· Cyclical Unemployment: Cyclical Unemployment occurs when there is not sufficient demand in the economy to give jobs to everyone who wishes to work. Demands for goods and services decreases, less production is required, and smaller number of workers is needed.

· Structural Unemployment: Structural Unemployment occurs when the labor market is not capable to offer jobs to everybody who wishes to work. There is a difference amid the skills of the unemployed personnel and the skills required for available jobs.

· Frictional Unemployment: Fictional Unemployment is the time phase in between jobs when a person is looking for work.

UNEMPLOYMENT IN YOUTH

Youth Unemployment refers to young people looking for a job but who are unable to find a job. According to United Nations the age group is from 15 to 25 year olds. All over the world to a greater extent young people are experiencing an ascend in youth unemployment. It is reasonable to deduce that the longer young workers are not engaging in proper jobs, problems in society will become clearer now and into the near future. Youth unemployment rates tend to be more than the adult unemployment rates in almost every nation in the world. There are numerous reasons behind youth unemployment. The quality of education, labor market and its policies, which in turn create a state of assistance and dependence, fewer vacancies and less labor force requiring jobs are some of the main causes today. However the quality and significance of education is mostly considered as the main cause of youth unemployment. The issue of young people experiencing difficulties and barriers to obtain employment is a major and complex issue. In a developed country like United Kingdom Almost one in five young people are not able to find a proper job and a quarter of million young people have been looking for jobs for a year or longer.

CAUSES OF YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT

The youth has become unemployed due to a different number of reasons. These include laziness among the youth which makes them to not desire to look for employment hence; they remain unemployed for long periods of time. Other causes are Unavailability of jobs, Difference between acquired and required skills and the stigma related to labor work. Due to such social elements most of the youth is still facing unemployment to this day.

EFFECTS OF YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT

The unemployment of the youth is commonly linked with a variety of problems like high crime rate and riots. These two outcomes of unemployment could result in the social collapse when they reach uncontrollable levels. Unemployment remains the basic cause of most social evils. An ideal mind gives rise to evil thoughts. These social issues cannot be predicted when they will take place, but they certainly will occur when the joblessness becomes unmanageable. The youth unemployment problem can be defined as a ticking time bomb waiting to blow up.

SOLUTION TO THE PROBLEM

As youth unemployment becomes a worldwide due to a number of factors like problem of overpopulation, limited jobs, and limited resources. With immigration to urban areas increasing, the issue of how to help youth find jobs according to their skills becomes a urgent and valid concern.

 The young generation are finding themselves in a competitive job marketplace for which they have little to no skills or very little experience. We the society as a whole can do a lot to ease the problem. The government should also step in, private companies can add, and youths, can find new strategies to find work. Technology is always shifting, so there are always new business opportunities. A degree is not always required to find a job sometimes raw skills and hard work can help us find work. If the thought that hoarding up just degrees gets us jobs goes away maybe the youth can find jobs and help ease the situation of global youth unemployment but for now the crisis of global youth unemployment continues to increase on a daily basis.

REFRENCES: