Statistics questions
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ma.docx1. Aside from indicating whether or not we shout for joy if we get a p value above or below .05, explain what we mean when we state, the relationship between the Dependent and the Independent Variable is statistical significant at the .05 level.
3. Researchers look for narrow confidence intervals. Explain why a narrow point estimate is useful to the researcher in their ability to evaluate the quality of their research as well as convey to policy makers the accuracy of their results.
4. Using your Berman/Wang Workbook p. 90 Critical Thinking Exercise Two Output: Exam Two Berman Wang Critical Thinking Exercise (4).pdf, provide a clear explanation for what the R-Square value of .435 means in this case. Remember a full explanation defines r-square, interprets the value, and contextualizes the meaning of this value for future readers of your results.
5. Using your Berman/Wang Workbook p. 90 Critical Thinking Exercise Two Output: Exam Two Berman Wang Critical Thinking Exercise (4)-1.pdf provide a clear explanation for the meaning of the Global F test for significance which in this case is 0.000. Remember a full explanation defines statistical significance in this case, interprets the value, and contextualizes the meaning of this value for future readers of your results.
6. Using your Berman/Wang Workbook p. 90 Critical Thinking Exercise Two Output: Exam Two Berman Wang Critical Thinking Exercise (4)-2.pdf provide a clear explanation for the meaning of the unstandardized b coefficient for 'Receives job training" (-0.010) and its significance value of 0.010. Remember a full explanation defines the concept of unstandardized b coefficient, interprets, statistical significance, interprets the value of the unstandardized b coefficient, and contextualizes the meaning of this value for future readers of your results.
7. Using your Berman/Wang Workbook p. 90 Critical Thinking Exercise Two Output: Exam Two Berman Wang Critical Thinking Exercise (4)-3.pdf Provide a clear explanation for the meaning of the unstandardized b coefficient for 'Number of Dependents" (0.000) and its significance value of 0.802. Remember a full explanation defines the concept of unstandardized b coefficient, interprets, statistical significance, interprets the value of the unstandardized b coefficient, and contextualizes the meaning of this value for future readers of your results.
8. Using your Berman/Wang Workbook p. 90 Critical Thinking Exercise Two Output: Exam Two Berman Wang Critical Thinking Exercise (4)-4.pdf provide a clear explanation for the meaning of the unstandardized b for"Medical Condition" (0.013) and its significance value of 0.012. Remember a full explanation defines the concept of unstandardized b coefficient, interprets, statistical significance, interprets the value of the unstandardized b coefficient, and contextualizes the meaning of this value for future readers of your results.
9. Using your Berman/Wang Workbook p. 90 Critical Thinking Exercise Two Output: Exam Two Berman Wang Critical Thinking Exercise (4)-5.pdf estimate the unemployment duration for a welfare participant who has the following profile:
· Received 5 months of Job Training (this coincides with their welfare months received)
· Is married
· Has a medical condition ( coded as 1 for has a medical condition, and 0 for does not have a medical condition)
· Has 3 dependents
· 10 years of education
10. Connell is also interested to know if gender makes a difference in how people feel about the County’s promotional system. The following three tables resulted from Connell’s work. After reporting your assessment of the strength and statistical significance of the relationship between gender and a person’s level of agreement that "the people that are the best qualified for the job get promoted in the county", help Connell decide if women in the County perceive a glass ceiling regarding the promotional system? Your data output to review is as follows: Exam Two Connell and Promotional System Output 11_28_2012-1 (2).pdf
11. Connell also wants to make sure that people of all races working in the County feel that their work is being recognized. To test this assumption, he has created the following three tables exploring the possible relationship between race and employee perception of recognition. After reporting on your assessment of the strength and statistical significance of the possible relationship between race and employee perception of recognition, help Connell decide if there a recognition problem related to race in the County? Your data output to review is as follows: Exam Two Connell Race and Recognition Output 11_28_2012-1 (1).pdf
12. Our favorite volunteer director Katie is back with a new problem. Early this week she heard on the news that men contributed more volunteer time and money to nonprofit organizations than women. Before she spends time redoing her volunteer literature to be more appealing to males, help Katie interpret the following national Roper poll data about gender and a ratio level charitable giving scale ranging from 0-30. After interpreting the strength and statistical significance of the following relationship please advise Katie if she should or should not begin to put stereotypical masculine language into the volunteer brochure or continue using her current literature. Your data output to review is as follows: Exam Two Katie Volunteers and Gender Output 11_28_2012-1-1.pdf
To receive full credit you must identify the test(s) and tell the reader why that test(s) is appropriate for the given context.
13. The New Horizons Alcohol and Drug Abuse Center has begun to collect data on client satisfaction. In addition to offering individual counseling, the center has optional group-activities programs for its clients. The director of the center would like to know if clients who have participated in the group-activities programs are more satisfied with their treatment than those who have not participated in them. The director is planning to gather data on 100 clients. Each client is classified as having participated in-group programs (coded 1) or not (coded 0). Data on client satisfaction are taken from an exit survey that asked clients to rate their treatment as satisfactory (coded 1), neutral (coded 2), or unsatisfactory (coded 3). If the Director wants to use the results of this sample of 100 clients to talk about client satisfaction for all 4,000 clients, what statistical test or tests would he need to perform on the gather data to understand the strength, association, and generalizability of the sample’s data to the population?
To receive full credit you must identify the test(s) and tell the reader why that test(s) is appropriate for the given context.
14. The director of prisons is interested in assessing the impact that recent changes in state sentencing guidelines has had on the length of prisoner stays for repeat offenders. The average stay for a repeat offender was six months less than their stated sentence. The director wonders if new sentencing guidelines will reduce early release dates by two months. A random sample of 50 repeat offenders reveals that in the 9 months since the laws were changed; the average repeat offender’s sentence was only 1 month shorter than their stated sentence. Before the director starts revamping the prison budget to reflect the increased inmate stay, what statistical procedure can the Director use to investigate whether the longer prison stay is a trend among all repeat offenders and not just this particular sample of 50 people.
To receive full credit you must identify the test(s) and tell the reader why that test(s) is appropriate for the given context.
15. The Director of Economic Development in Potto Gulch, Wisconsin, is interested in studying the relationship between businesses activity and spending on social welfare programs. Specifically, she hypothesizes that as business activity increases, boost to the local economy (mainly through job creation) should result in lower spending on programs for the poor. To test this hypothesis, the director gathers annual data for the last 11 years on three variables. The dependent variable is annual spending on social welfare programs (in millions of dollars). The director feels that the number of business permits issued each years is a good indicator of economic activity and selects this as the first independent variable. The second independent variable is the number of residents in Potto Gulch. What statistical test should the Direct of Economic Development apply in order to achieve her goal of testing her hypothesis that as business activities increase the economy should spend less money on the poor?
To receive full credit you must identify the test(s) and tell the reader why that test(s) is appropriate for the given context.
16. John Rightly, research analyst for the Colorado Department of Education, has begun work on a study examining the performance of charter schools in the state. Dr. Rightly is particularly concerned about the relatively high dropout rates at these schools. Last year, the dropout rate for the state’s charter schools averaged 15.1%. Dr. Rightly believes that the rate has improved this year, but he does not have the data for the entire population of schools at this time. Accordingly, he collects data on the dropout rates (expressed as the percentage of students who dropped out during the school year) for a random sample of 75 charter schools. Given this context, what statistical test or tests should Dr. Rightly perform in order to estimate the dropout rate for charter schools this year?
To receive full credit you must identify the test(s) and tell the reader why that test(s) is appropriate for the given context.
17. A community planner sent out a survey to 300 residents out of a city of 1,200 people. The planner asked how often residents used the local park (0- Never; 1- Sometimes; 2- All the Time; 3- I live there). The planner also asked residents to rate their satisfaction level with the local park with a satisfaction scale (0-Totally Unsatisfied; 1- Somewhat unsatisfied; 2-Satisfied; 3 Totally Satisfied). What statistical test(s) should the planner use in order to assess the strength of the association between these two variables as well as its statistical significance?
To receive full credit you must identify the test(s) and tell the reader why that test(s) is appropriate for the given context.
18. Robert Tarter is the Head of the Federal Aviation Administration and is skeptical of the recommendation that air traffic controllers need a longer break during their shift than other aviation workers. To help Tarter make his decision, a group of twenty air traffic controllers was matched to a second group of air traffic controllers based on gender, race, age, job skills, and seniority . The first group of twenty controllers was allowed to have two, one hour breaks during their eight hour shift, while the second group of twenty controllers were only allowed to have two, 30 minute breaks during their eight hour shift. During the experiment, controllers were scored on an alert index ranging from 0-250. What statistical test(s) should the planner use in order to assess differences or similarities among the traffic controllers alert level and their group assignment?
19. In 1999, the Human Resources Department staff implemented a survey across of the departments of Seminole County Government. The paper survey was placed in the mailboxes of each employee and emailed to their government email accounts. To ensure anonymity of members, participants were instructed not to write their names on the survey and to insert the survey into an unmarked white envelope that was delivered to the outside researcher or to dump the completed electronic survey into an electronic account that strips the sender identity and IP address. Supervisors were notified when their department participation had reached 70%, until then supervisors received an email notice from County Commissioner Dagon, reminding them to encourage employee participation in the study. 977 surveys were received which was 84.4% of the total number of county employees. Most questions used the following coding schema:
Strongly Agree (5), Agree (4), Neutral (3), Disagree (2), Strongly Disagree (1).
The following regression model was created to understand and predict absenteeism in Seminole county government: Number of employee Absences as a function of employee attitudes regarding Job Satisfaction, View of Work, Job Challenge, Task Freedom, Job Stress, and Pay Equity. (For additional information, see employeestudent11_9_2011database). Note you do not have to run the analysis, I provide the dataset only as an option for those who would like to run the analysis themselves, rather than using the Exam Two Seminole County Employee Absenteeism Output PDF that contains the regression output for this question.
The following regression output was provided to help County officials predict employee absenteeism. Assess the model’s value in terms of statistical significance, strength, and point estimation. State clearly and support your answer, what your recommendation would be based on your assessment of the value of the model. What possible programs would you recommend that the County look into in order to curb employee absenteeism (and again, support your answer by referencing data analysis)?
Exam Two Seminole County Employee Absenteeism Output 04_23_2014.pdf
20. There are three-parts to this short answer question.
Ian believes that you can predict a mid-sized city's violent crime rate if you knew the city's unemployment rate (unempl), median income estimate (income), and a high school or higher education completion rate (HSGradorHigher).
Part One. Using the output from the 'altercommunityindicators' in your exam two SPSS output, estimate the violent crime rate for city that with an underemployment rate of 7.6%, a median income of 43, 491 and an 80% high school or higher education completion rate.
Part Two. Using the value of R-Squared and the ANOVA F Test for Significance evaluate the value of Ian's model to predict violent crime.
Part Three. According to the "altercommunityindictators database", the violent crime rate for Atlanta, GA, is 7922. The city's unemployment rate is 10.5%, median income is $37,385, and high school or higher education completion rate of 81.7%. Why is Atlanta’s violent crime rate different from rate predicted by Ian's model?
See Exam Two Violent Crimes Output or you can run the SPSS data yourself using the altercommunityindicator database.
Exam Two Violent Crime Regression Model 4_18_2017.pdf
21. A health advocacy nonprofit organization is trying to isolate the sources of health problems in the city. Some debate centers on whether health problems are related to family income or to the frequency of city garbage collection. Given this situation, how would you as a leader of the research taskforce design, implement, and collect research on the city's health problem? Please bullet point and put into context how you would approach research problem? A complete answer addresses the major steps of the research process.
