Case Study on Revenue Management
1. RGI
| This is a template to manually calculate the RGI in a city where we have hotels. Calculate all fields based on the date given. Explain the results including the postitioning strategy of "MY HOTEL 1" & "MY HOTEL 2". | ||||||||||||||
| Month | OCTOBER | |||||||||||||
| Year | 2020 | |||||||||||||
| ANALYSIS: | ||||||||||||||
| HOTELS | av. Rooms | av. Month | FMS | room occ | Occ % | MS | MPI | ARR | Total Room Revenue | ARI | RGI | |||
| hotel 1 | 120 | 68.92% | 72.67 | |||||||||||
| hotel2 | 146 | 62.99% | 50.18 | |||||||||||
| hotel 3 | 148 | 77.65% | 54.16 | |||||||||||
| hotel 4 | 86 | 78.10% | 40.40 | |||||||||||
| hotel 5 | 176 | 39.15% | 66.28 | |||||||||||
| MY HOTEL 1 | 245 | 59.17% | 64.06 | |||||||||||
| hootel 6 | 124 | 85.50% | 55.00 | |||||||||||
| hotel 7 | 133 | 74.09% | 64.96 | |||||||||||
| hotel 8 | 179 | 41.62% | 84.38 | |||||||||||
| hotel 9 | 117 | 84.05% | 56.60 | |||||||||||
| hotel 10 | 93 | 72.40% | 55.76 | |||||||||||
| MY HOTEL 2 | 162 | 70.37% | 50.46 | |||||||||||
| Total | ||||||||||||||
2. PROJECTION EXERCISE
| The hotel to be analysed is a 4* Urban hotel. It counts with infrastructure to attrack groups and events, clients going to the airport and a mix of leisure and business travellers. | |||||
| Hotel room inventory | 149 | ||||
| Days of the month | 31 | ||||
| We are about to start the new month of March 2020. The situation of the hotel in shown in "Proyection data". | |||||
| Answer the questions that appear in the box below, including the correspondent formulas in the cells. | |||||
| What was the pick up variation in terms of RN and ADR (RN & ADR) during the current month in 2019, from the beginning to the end of the month?And What was the % of growth? | |||||
| RN | ADR | ||||
| % | % | ||||
| What is the % of occupancy and RevPar that the hotel did obtain last year in the given month? | |||||
| % OCC | REVPAR | ||||
| To achieve the existing revenue budget objective given, what ADR should we achieve in the pending rooms to be sold for the rest of the month? | |||||
| Comparing last year results and the current year budget, what is the % of revenue growth stablished in the budget when we compare both data? | |||||
| Do a forecast proposal in the grey cells in the "Proyection data" sheet. You can use formulas where you feel convenient, and show % occupancy, accumulated ADR and resulting rooms revenue. | |||||
| % OCC | ADR | ROOMS REV. | |||
| What is the % of completion of the given revenue budget that is expected, according to your forecast? Would you reach, exceed or fail to achieve the objective? | |||||
| Explain in brief the reasons why the budget will be met or not. Do you think that you should have required more information than the one given for your forecast, explain why. | |||||
| Taking into accoun the current OTB situation and the rest of the information provided in the document, Do you think that the strategy of sales could have been improved? Why? | |||||
| If your answer is yes, explain the main aspects that should have been taken into account to apply such a change of strategy and its main repercussions. | |||||
Projection data
| HOTEL INVENTORY | 149 | Fill in the grey columns with your forecast. | |||||||||||||||
| DAYS OF MONTH | 31 | We are in the last days of February and these data correspond to March. | |||||||||||||||
| Room Nights | ADR | REVENUE | |||||||||||||||
| OTB SM LY | ACTUAL LY (final result) | OTB | FORECAST | BUDGET (objective) | OTB SM LY | ACTUAL LY (Final result) | OTB | FORECAST | BUDGET | OTB SM LY | ACTUAL LY (final result) | OTB | FORECAST | BUDGET (objective) | |||
| BAR | 351 | 978 | 490 | 1,000 | 133.44 € | 130.82 € | 143.75 € | 142.00 € | 46,837.65 € | 127,946.33 € | 70,435.05 € | 142,000.00 € | |||||
| DISCOUNTS | 218 | 275 | 138 | 150 | 99.01 € | 101.09 € | 118.50 € | 118.00 € | 21,583.70 € | 27,800.77 € | 16,352.74 € | 17,700.00 € | |||||
| TACTICAL | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - 0 € | - 0 € | - 0 € | - 0 € | - 0 € | - 0 € | - 0 € | - 0 € | |||||
| PACKAGES | 10 | 11 | 10 | 15 | 74.50 € | 71.34 € | 63.67 € | 63.50 € | 745.00 € | 784.74 € | 636.65 € | 952.50 € | |||||
| LOYALTY PROGRAMS | 43 | 45 | 18 | 35 | 35.60 € | 39.09 € | 39.51 € | 42.00 € | 1,530.76 € | 1,759.24 € | 711.20 € | 1,470.00 € | |||||
| NEGOTIATED | 233 | 808 | 389 | 969 | 106.18 € | 104.02 € | 94.55 € | 95.31 € | 24,740.17 € | 84,048.88 € | 36,781.52 € | 92,355.39 € | |||||
| NET | 393 | 438 | 244 | 375 | 77.20 € | 77.84 € | 87.13 € | 85.00 € | 30,340.63 € | 34,095.93 € | 21,258.54 € | 31,875.00 € | |||||
| Subtotal Transient | 1,248 | 2,555 | 1,289 | 2,544 | 100.78 € | 108.19 € | 113.40 € | 112.56 € | 125,777.91 € | 276,435.89 € | 146,175.70 € | 286,352.89 € | |||||
| MICE | 617 | 1,084 | 805 | 1,170 | 101.94 € | 103.40 € | 115.40 € | 116.41 € | 62,894.36 € | 112,080.89 € | 92,896.66 € | 136,198.53 € | |||||
| TOUR GROUPS | 185 | 205 | 0 | 0 | 74.61 € | 73.95 € | - 0 € | - 0 € | 13,801.99 € | 15,159.12 € | - 0 € | - 0 € | |||||
| LEISURE GROUPS | 313 | 313 | 151 | 151 | 85.82 € | 84.63 € | 91.21 € | 88.49 € | 26,861.43 € | 26,488.15 € | 13,772.97 € | 13,361.99 € | |||||
| CREWS | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - 0 € | - 0 € | - 0 € | - 0 € | - 0 € | - 0 € | - 0 € | - 0 € | |||||
| Subtotal Groups | 1,115 | 1,602 | 956 | 1,321 | 92.88 € | 95.96 € | 111.58 € | 113.22 € | 103,557.78 € | 153,728.16 € | 106,669.63 € | 149,560.52 € | |||||
| OTHERS | 0 | 9 | 3 | 10 | - 0 € | 56.58 € | 140.59 € | 81.30 € | - 0 € | 509.19 € | 421.77 € | 813.00 € | |||||
| Subtotal Others | 0 | 9 | 3 | 10 | - 0 € | 56.58 € | 140.59 € | 81.30 € | - 0 € | 509.19 € | 421.77 € | 813.00 € | |||||
| COMPLEMENTARY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - 0 € | - 0 € | - 0 € | - 0 € | - 0 € | - 0 € | - 0 € | - 0 € | |||||
| Subtotal Non Revenue | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - 0 € | - 0 € | - 0 € | - 0 € | - 0 € | - 0 € | - 0 € | - 0 € | |||||
| TOTAL | 2,363 | 4,166 | 2,248 | 3,875 | 97.05 € | 103.38 € | 112.66 € | 112.70 € | 229,335.69 € | 430,673.24 € | 253,267.10 € | 436,726.41 € | |||||
3. DEMAND CALENDAR
| This is an urban hotel that receives leisure and business clients. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| The current month is January. As it is low season, this is a difficult month in the city. Yet, there are some dates where the demand is higher. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Competitors: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| HOTEL A | The best hotel in the city. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| HOTEL B | Different product style but same category than yours. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| HOTEL D | Small hotel but with good product. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| What price positioning strategy could you use in this scenario to improve your performance? Give your price suggestions below in the template given, including a brief explanation of why you change. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| COMPETITORS DATA | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DESCRIPTION | TRIPADVISOR RANKING | LOCATION | % OCC JANUARY Last Year | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| HOTEL A | Best hotel in the city | 1/250 | center | 50.00% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| HOTEL B | Different product style but same category than ours | 50/250 | outskirts | 45.00% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| HOTEL D | Small hotel but with good product | 35/250 | close to center | 60.00% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| MY HOTEL | 4* Business hotel | 20/250 | in front of city's convention venue | 56.44% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 205 | rooms inventory | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1/1/21 | period starts | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1/31/21 | period ends | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1/5/21 | report retrieved | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1/15/16 | 1/4/20 | Pick Up 2021 last 7 days | 1/5/21 | COMPETITOR'S PRICES | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tot | % OCC Def +tentatives | ARR | total room revenue | tentatives | Def | % OCC Def | Ind | Grp | Tot | ARR | Total room revenue | definite | Ind | Grp | Tot | % OCC Def + tent | ARR | total room revenue | tentatives | definite | % OCC Def | Ind | Grp | EVENTS 2021 | price | HOTEL A | HOTEL B | HOTEL C | HOTEL D | HOTEL E | HOTEL F | ||
| 01/01/2021 | 150 | 73.17% | 90.48 | 13,572 | 0 | 150 | 73.17% | 150 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 140 | 68.29% | 96.94 | 13,572 | 0 | 140 | 68.29% | 140 | 0 | NEW YEAR DAY | 124 | 186 | 104 | 121 | 175 | CLOSED | 75 | |
| 02/01/2021 | 179 | 87.32% | 87.18 | 15,606 | 0 | 179 | 87.32% | 179 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 168 | 81.95% | 92.89 | 15,606 | 0 | 168 | 81.95% | 150 | 18 | 124 | 119 | 172 | 121 | 160 | 189 | 75 | ||
| 03/01/2021 | 82 | 40.00% | 95.94 | 7,867 | 0 | 82 | 40.00% | 82 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 91 | 44.39% | 86.45 | 7,867 | 0 | 91 | 44.39% | 91 | 0 | 124 | 109 | 172 | 109 | 104 | 104 | 75 | ||
| 04/01/2021 | 66 | 32.20% | 80.15 | 5,290 | 0 | 66 | 32.20% | 66 | 0 | 5 | 112.94 | 565 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 66 | 32.20% | 81.38 | 5,371 | 0 | 66 | 32.20% | 66 | 0 | 124 | 119 | 104 | 89 | 104 | 89 | 75 | ||
| 05/01/2021 | 57 | 27.80% | 80.87 | 4,610 | 0 | 57 | 27.80% | 57 | 0 | 8 | 109.76 | 878 | 8 | 8 | 0 | 66 | 32.20% | 83.15 | 5,488 | 0 | 66 | 32.20% | 46 | 20 | 124 | 99 | 104 | 89 | 94 | 89 | 82 | ||
| 06/01/2021 | 53 | 25.85% | 72.91 | 3,864 | 0 | 53 | 25.85% | 53 | 0 | 7 | 97.02 | 679 | 7 | 7 | 0 | 53 | 25.85% | 85.72 | 4,543 | 0 | 53 | 25.85% | 53 | 0 | FOOTBALL MATCH | 124 | 99 | 114 | 89 | 114 | 109 | 82 | |
| 07/01/2021 | 81 | 39.51% | 69.70 | 5,645 | 0 | 81 | 39.51% | 81 | 0 | 13 | 84.70 | 1,101 | 13 | 13 | 0 | 81 | 39.51% | 83.29 | 6,746 | 0 | 81 | 39.51% | 81 | 0 | 100 | 99 | 104 | 98 | 104 | 154 | 82 | ||
| 08/01/2021 | 56 | 27.32% | 82.25 | 4,606 | 0 | 56 | 27.32% | 56 | 0 | 8 | 82.65 | 661 | 8 | 8 | 0 | 63 | 30.73% | 83.61 | 5,267 | 0 | 63 | 30.73% | 63 | 0 | 100 | 99 | 105 | 89 | 104 | 94 | 75 | ||
| 09/01/2021 | 40 | 19.51% | 90.16 | 3,606 | 0 | 40 | 19.51% | 40 | 0 | 9 | 85.96 | 774 | 9 | 9 | 0 | 53 | 25.85% | 82.64 | 4,380 | 0 | 53 | 25.85% | 52 | 0 | 100 | 99 | 105 | 89 | 94 | 94 | 75 | ||
| 10/01/2021 | 38 | 18.54% | 47.36 | 1,800 | 0 | 38 | 18.54% | 38 | 0 | 9 | 102.46 | 922 | 9 | 9 | 0 | 39 | 19.02% | 69.79 | 2,722 | 0 | 39 | 19.02% | 39 | 0 | 100 | 99 | 105 | 89 | 96 | 89 | 75 | ||
| 11/01/2021 | 93 | 45.37% | 61.05 | 5,678 | 0 | 93 | 45.37% | 93 | 0 | 15 | 89.22 | 1,338 | 15 | 15 | 0 | 93 | 45.37% | 75.44 | 7,016 | 0 | 93 | 45.37% | 93 | 0 | 110 | 99 | CLOSED | 109 | 116 | 119 | 75 | ||
| 12/01/2021 | 114 | 55.61% | 60.55 | 6,902 | 0 | 114 | 55.61% | 114 | 0 | 20 | 83.12 | 1,662 | 20 | 13 | 7 | 114 | 55.61% | 75.13 | 8,565 | 0 | 114 | 55.61% | 107 | 7 | 115 | 145 | CLOSED | 89 | 125 | 120 | 85 | ||
| 13/01/2021 | 195 | 95.12% | 68.05 | 13,269 | 0 | 195 | 95.12% | 195 | 0 | 14 | 83.62 | 1,171 | 14 | 14 | 0 | 195 | 95.12% | 74.05 | 14,440 | 0 | 195 | 95.12% | 108 | 87 | 145 | 160 | 130 | 109 | 150 | 125 | 90 | ||
| 14/01/2021 | 59 | 28.78% | 70.60 | 4,165 | 0 | 59 | 28.78% | 59 | 0 | 7 | 102.27 | 716 | 7 | 7 | 0 | 59 | 28.78% | 82.73 | 4,881 | 0 | 59 | 28.78% | 59 | 0 | 110 | 99 | 95 | 89 | 136 | 85 | 75 | ||
| 15/01/2021 | 55 | 26.83% | 74.81 | 4,115 | 0 | 55 | 26.83% | 55 | 0 | 5 | 112.94 | 565 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 56 | 27.32% | 83.56 | 4,679 | 8 | 48 | 23.41% | 48 | 0 | 104 | 99 | 95 | 89 | 126 | 89 | 75 | ||
| 16/01/2021 | 35 | 17.07% | 86.65 | 3,033 | 0 | 35 | 17.07% | 35 | 0 | 7 | 108.30 | 758 | 7 | 7 | 0 | 40 | 19.51% | 94.77 | 3,791 | 0 | 40 | 19.51% | 40 | 0 | 104 | 99 | 95 | 89 | 175 | 89 | 75 | ||
| 17/01/2021 | 38 | 18.54% | 55.17 | 2,096 | 0 | 38 | 18.54% | 38 | 0 | 6 | 116.33 | 698 | 6 | 6 | 0 | 35 | 17.07% | 79.84 | 2,794 | 0 | 35 | 17.07% | 35 | 0 | 104 | 99 | 95 | 89 | 106 | 85 | 72 | ||
| 18/01/2021 | 176 | 85.85% | 78.90 | 13,887 | 10 | 166 | 80.98% | 166 | 0 | 3 | 114.88 | 345 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 176 | 85.85% | 80.86 | 14,231 | 20 | 156 | 76.10% | 156 | 0 | 129 | 150 | 115 | 105 | 140 | 104 | 80 | ||
| 19/01/2021 | 182 | 88.78% | 76.51 | 13,925 | 20 | 162 | 79.02% | 162 | 0 | 4 | 106.44 | 426 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 182 | 88.78% | 78.85 | 14,351 | 20 | 162 | 79.02% | 162 | 0 | ESSMA SUMMIT | 135 | 160 | 130 | 105 | 145 | 114 | 80 | |
| 20/01/2021 | 134 | 65.37% | 71.91 | 9,636 | 20 | 114 | 55.61% | 114 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 128 | 62.44% | 75.28 | 9,636 | 10 | 118 | 57.56% | 118 | 0 | ESSMA SUMMIT | 125 | 130 | 115 | 89 | 120 | 104 | 72 | |
| 21/01/2021 | 36 | 17.56% | 86.41 | 3,111 | 0 | 36 | 17.56% | 36 | 0 | 2 | 116.24 | 232 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 38 | 18.54% | 87.98 | 3,343 | 0 | 38 | 18.54% | 38 | 0 | 115 | 99 | 107 | 89 | 116 | 85 | 72 | ||
| 22/01/2021 | 57 | 27.80% | 61.25 | 3,491 | 0 | 57 | 27.80% | 57 | 0 | 3 | 112.22 | 337 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 45 | 21.95% | 85.06 | 3,828 | 20 | 25 | 12.20% | 25 | 0 | 109 | 99 | 107 | 89 | 116 | 85 | 72 | ||
| 23/01/2021 | 56 | 27.32% | 72.60 | 4,066 | 40 | 16 | 7.80% | 16 | 0 | 4 | 98.61 | 394 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 52 | 25.37% | 85.77 | 4,460 | 20 | 32 | 15.61% | 32 | 0 | 109 | 99 | 107 | 89 | 126 | 85 | 75 | ||
| 24/01/2021 | 50 | 24.39% | 69.01 | 3,450 | 40 | 10 | 4.88% | 10 | 0 | 4 | 90.88 | 364 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 51 | 24.88% | 74.78 | 3,814 | 20 | 31 | 15.12% | 31 | 0 | 109 | 99 | 107 | 89 | 94 | 80 | 72 | ||
| 25/01/2021 | 61 | 29.76% | 72.31 | 4,411 | 40 | 21 | 10.24% | 21 | 0 | 4 | 89.44 | 358 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 67 | 32.68% | 71.17 | 4,768 | 0 | 67 | 32.68% | 67 | 0 | 115 | 99 | 107 | 89 | 136 | 85 | 72 | ||
| 26/01/2021 | 98 | 47.80% | 79.80 | 7,821 | 0 | 98 | 47.80% | 98 | 0 | 4 | 96.53 | 386 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 107 | 52.20% | 76.70 | 8,207 | 0 | 107 | 52.20% | 107 | 0 | 125 | 99 | 113 | 89 | 94 | 89 | 72 | ||
| 27/01/2021 | 99 | 48.29% | 83.90 | 8,306 | 0 | 99 | 48.29% | 99 | 0 | 3 | 102.95 | 309 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 114 | 55.61% | 75.57 | 8,615 | 0 | 114 | 55.61% | 114 | 0 | 125 | 99 | 113 | 89 | 104 | 98 | 72 | ||
| 28/01/2021 | 99 | 48.29% | 73.39 | 7,266 | 0 | 99 | 48.29% | 99 | 0 | 3 | 92.49 | 277 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 98 | 47.80% | 76.97 | 7,543 | 0 | 98 | 47.80% | 98 | 0 | TRENDS FAIR | 120 | 99 | 113 | 89 | 104 | 80 | 72 | |
| 29/01/2021 | 66 | 32.20% | 48.79 | 3,220 | 10 | 56 | 27.32% | 56 | 0 | 4 | 75.37 | 301 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 56 | 27.32% | 62.89 | 3,522 | 0 | 56 | 27.32% | 56 | 0 | TRENDS FAIR | 109 | 99 | 107 | 89 | 146 | 103 | 72 | |
| 30/01/2021 | 54 | 26.34% | 44.24 | 2,389 | 10 | 44 | 21.46% | 44 | 0 | 5 | 98.66 | 493 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 44 | 21.46% | 65.51 | 2,882 | 0 | 44 | 21.46% | 44 | 0 | TRENDS FAIR | 109 | 99 | 107 | 98 | 146 | 98 | 72 | |
| 31/01/2021 | 43 | 20.98% | 48.89 | 2,102 | 0 | 43 | 20.98% | 43 | 0 | 1 | 63.70 | 64 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 34 | 16.59% | 63.70 | 2,166 | 0 | 34 | 16.59% | 34 | 0 | TRENDS FAIR | 109 | 99 | 107 | 89 | 84 | 76 | 72 | |
| 2,602 | 40.94% | 74.10 | 192,803 | 190 | 2,412 | 37.95% | 2,412 | 0 | 177 | 94.77 | 16,774 | 177 | 170 | 7 | 2,604 | 40.98% | 80.30 | 209,094 | 118 | 2,486 | 39.12% | 2,353 | 132 | ||||||||||
| current price | new price | Why? | BUDGET | LY 2020 | OTB LY 04/01/20 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 01/01/2021 | 124 | RN | 3690 | 3587 | 2,602 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 02/01/2021 | 124 | ARR | 74 | 72.92 | 74.10 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 03/01/2021 | 124 | REVENUE | 273,060 | 261,564 | 192,803 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 04/01/2021 | 124 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 05/01/2021 | 124 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 06/01/2021 | 124 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 07/01/2021 | 100 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 08/01/2021 | 100 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 09/01/2021 | 100 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10/01/2021 | 100 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 11/01/2021 | 110 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 12/01/2021 | 115 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 13/01/2021 | 145 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 14/01/2021 | 110 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 15/01/2021 | 104 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 16/01/2021 | 104 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 17/01/2021 | 104 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 18/01/2021 | 129 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 19/01/2021 | 135 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 20/01/2021 | 125 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 21/01/2021 | 115 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 22/01/2021 | 109 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 23/01/2021 | 109 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 24/01/2021 | 109 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 25/01/2021 | 115 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 26/01/2021 | 125 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 27/01/2021 | 125 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 28/01/2021 | 120 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 29/01/2021 | 109 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 30/01/2021 | 109 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 31/01/2021 | 109 |
explain here general positioning strategy.
statement of authorship
| Statement of authorship | |||
| I certify that this assignment is my own work and contains no material which has been submitted as part of an assignment in any institute college or university. Moreover, to the best of my knowledge and belief, it contains no material previously published or written by another person, except where due reference is made in the text of the assignment. | |||
| Signed………………………………………….. | |||
| Student number……………………………….. | |||