CJEL M5A2

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 2

Annotated Bibliographies in the Criminal Justice System (Corruption)

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Introduction

Ethics represents the center of a functional society and the underlying institutions. Ethics help establish moral reasoning and punishments for wrongdoers. The criminal justice system is a very important public institution. Individuals who serve here can be forced into difficult situations that require tough and intelligent decision-making that may put them in a dilemma or make detrimental decisions. An ethical dilemma is a situation where there is a conflict of interest between two or more imperatives. After a tedious analysis, several aspects of the criminal justice system proved to bring out ethical dilemmas, but corruption stood out. The annotated bibliographies address various aspects surrounding corruption making many people compromise their ethics.

Annotated Bibliographies on the ethical Dilemma of Corruption

Blumberg, D. M., Papazoglou, K., & Schlosser, M. D. (2020). Organizational Solutions to the Moral Risks of Policing. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(20), 7461. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17207461

The authors of this journal discuss the moral risks imposed by law enforcement professionals that are likely to cause spiritual and emotional difficulties for police officers and the moral risks that increase the likelihood of police officers engaging in misconduct. These moral risks contribute to lapse in ethical decision-making. This article compiles data from secondary sources and creates inclusive research.

The source is useful in addressing moral distress by police officers by a higher authority threatening their position and work in the justice system. The authors are well educated from various psychology, justice, and police departments hence compiling credible content. the recurring theme is blackmail of the police force

This is a viable article since it addresses the moral risk and addresses the solutions and preventive measures regarding moral risks. However, the article does not expound more on the types of police misconduct attributed to moral risks. Despite being long and tedious to read, it’s easy to comprehend.

Hossain, F., Kumasey, A. S., Rees, C. J., & Mamman, A. (2020). Public service ethics, values, and spirituality in developing and transitional countries: Challenges and opportunities. Public Administration and Development, 40(3), 147-155.  https://doi.org/10.1002/pad.1890

The authors of this journal article unveil the unethical conduct of public leaders that derail public service and ethical values of public institutions in developing countries with corruption, sexual harassment, and misuse of confidential information as eminent issues. The unique theme is spirituality in ensuring bridging the gap of ethical dilemma, on observing ethics and values to acknowledge the creator. The article is useful in teaching moral principles regarding the spiritual world, a justifiable method to eradicate unethical conduct in public institutions. The article used data from 5 online databases to compile a detailed report.

The article is easy to understand and intended for a mature audience. However, some people do not believe in God, which makes this article biased since religion is personal and an option. The authors provide an extensive direction for future research on various fields. This shows that the research is not exhaustive, and they have underlying questions that need to be addressed.

Luna-Pla, I., & Nicolás-Carlock, J. R. (2020). Corruption and complexity: a scientific framework for the analysis of corruption networks. Applied Network Science, 5(1), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41109-020-00258-2

This journal addresses corruption as a major scandal that puts administrative and criminal justice systems to the test. Data is obtained from a major corruption scandal in Mexico that in which billions of dollars were embezzled. The survey method of data collection is used. His most prominent theme is the injustice of corruption, and the authors discuss it from all angles.

Reading this article was very tedious especially understanding the complex systems used as an empirical approach. However, the research is detailed with reputable evidence hence upholding accuracy and objectivity. The authors are educated from the Institute of legal research in the National Autonomous University of Mexico, proving its credibility. However, the research is not inclusive. It uses one corruption scandal to make a major conclusion; hence it is biased. This article is for a mature and educated audience. The authors provide a tentative conclusion that provides room for future research and further study on the issues of injustice in this century.

Sorell T. (2018). Organized Crime and Preventive Justice. Ethical theory and ethical practice: an international forum, 21(1), 137–153. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10677-017-9861-7

Tom Sorell talks about organized crime in the UK and the deeply rooted menace of corruption by police and probation officers who impose preventive legislation on the criminals. The UK legislation does not dwell in rebuking the efforts of organized crime and prominent politicians to undermine the justice system. The concept of organized crime is a new concept that has not been thoroughly researched, making it very useful in unveiling the rot that is done undercover, violating the ethical conduct of the criminal justice system. The research is easy to comprehend. Om insists that more research needs to be done to study the concept of organized crime to provide inclusive research for all aspects. He is aware of the current issues that are taking place in society today, and his article creates awareness on practical and crucial matters. The study dwells only in the UK. It is not exhaustive therefore providing a platform for research globally.