Disaster plan

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M3_2009-SFA-Family-Disaster-Plan-Guidebook.pdf

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PREPARE PREPARE to maximize disaster health and well-being for yourself and your family during disasters.

Organize your family disaster plan around the SAFETY FUNCTION ACTION framework.

Individualize your family disaster plan for each family member.

Identify the types of hazards that may affect your family.

SUSTAIN SUSTAIN yourself and your family with vital supplies and equipment.

SAFEGUARD SAFEGUARD and protect yourself, your family, and your home from harm.

STRATEGIES TACTICS

KEYS TO DISASTER HEALTH

Protect, secure, and fortify your home.

Respond to disaster warnings.

Shelter safely at home.

Evacuate safely when necessary.

Stock emergency supplies for your home.

Create emergency GO-KITS for each family member.

Inventory and restock supplies regularly.

Maintain medical records, medications, and First Aid supplies.

S A

F E

T Y

CONNECT CONNECT family members to each other and to emergency services during and after a disaster with a family communications plan.

COMFORT COMFORT, support, manage disaster stress, and diminish distress for yourself and family members.

Learn about disaster stress.

Practice stress management techniques.

Identify ways to comfort each family member.

Create a family communications plan for disasters.

Keep your family together and identify ways to reunite if separated.

Generate an emergency services contact list.F U

N C

T IO

N A

C T

IO N

Identify reliable disaster information sources and receive timely information.

Balance the amount of exposure to disaster information.

Be informed about positive coping strategies.

ACTIVATE ACTIVATE family members to respond effectively and maintain disaster health during each phase of a disaster.

BEFORE DISASTER STRIKES:

Practice your family disaster plan.

Respond to disaster warnings.

Make decision to shelter-at-home or evacuate.

AFTER DISASTER STRIKES:

Check for post-disaster hazards.

Participate in community disaster response.

Review and revise your family disaster plan.

ADVISE ADVISE yourself and your family about the disaster and review positive coping strategies.

PREPARE PREPARE to maximize disaster health and well-being for yourself and your family during disasters.

• Organize your family disaster plan around the SAFETY FUNCTION ACTION framework. • Individualize your family disaster plan for each family member. • Identify the types of hazards that may affect your family.

ORGANIZE YOUR FAMILY DISASTER PLAN AROUND THE SAFETY FUNCTION ACTION FRAMEWORK Creating a family disaster plan is the foundation for disaster preparedness. A family disaster plan provides the blueprint for safeguarding and sustaining your family during a disaster, keeping family members connected and informed, handling disaster stress, and taking effective action to respond and recover. The SAFETY FUNCTION ACTION FAMILY DISASTER PLAN GUIDEBOOK streamlines the process of designing your family disaster plan. Consider the benefits of creating a family disaster plan: • Promote “disaster health” and well-being for your family. • Reduce the impact of a disaster on your family. • Reduce the risk for death, injury, psychological distress, and property damage during a disaster. • Increase your family’s self-sufficiency during disaster impact and after disaster strikes. • Speed the process of recovering from a disaster.

SAFETY FUNCTION ACTION presents a unified, six-strategy framework for training “disaster health” to professionals and volunteers who respond to disasters. The framework used for SAFETY FUNCTION ACTION training is also ideally suited for organizing your family disaster plan.

In brief, SAFETY FUNCTION ACTION focuses on achieving and maintaining a high level of “disaster health” and well-being. Disaster health is defined as “maximal SAFETY, optimal FUNCTION, and effective ACTION in response to emergencies, disasters, and extreme events.” From this definition, it is clear that the Three Keys to Disaster Health are SAFETY, FUNCTION, and ACTION. Two strategies are employed to achieve each of the Three Keys, for a total of six strategies: • To achieve maximal SAFETY, the strategies are SAFEGUARD and SUSTAIN. • To achieve optimal FUNCTION, the strategies are COMFORT and CONNECT. • To achieve effective ACTION, the strategies are ADVISE and ACTIVATE.

Your family disaster plan is organized around the six SAFETY FUNCTION ACTION strategies. In this SAFETY FUNCTION ACTION FAMILY DISASTER PLAN GUIDEBOOK, each section presents one of the six strategies and has a corresponding exercise for your family to complete. As you complete each section, you and your family will be taking the essential steps to prepare for a variety of crises, emergencies, and disasters.

INDIVIDUALIZE YOUR FAMILY DISASTER PLAN FOR EACH FAMILY MEMBER A well-developed family disaster plan should be accepted by the whole family and meet everyone’s needs. Be sure to involve the entire family in your planning process and incorporate the particular needs of each household member and pet. Give special attention to each child, older adult, person with a disability, or individual with a temporary health-related condition. Children may require extra care during an emergency. Older adults may be less able to perform daily activities and may have more difficulty preparing for and responding to a disaster. People with disabilities may be less able to respond to warnings and take preventive actions, possibly making them more vulnerable to injury or harm. Individuals who are pregnant, nursing, caring for a newborn, or recovering from an injury or illness may require additional attention while they are experiencing their temporary health situation.

LIKELY IN YOUR COMMUNITY?

Circle Yes or No Circle Yes or No

LIKELY IN YOUR COMMUNITY?

TYPE OF EMERGENCY / DISASTER

Family Emergencies

Automobile crash

House fire

Power outage

Other________________________

Job-related Emergency Events

Severe injury

Severe illness

Line of duty death

Exposure to traumatic scenes

Other________________________

Technological Disasters

Transportation emergency

Hazardous materials release

Nuclear power plant accident

Other________________________

Natural Disasters

Drought

Earthquake

Epidemic of new disease

Extreme cold

Extreme heat

Flood

Hurricane

Landslide

Mudslide

Pandemic influenza

Thunderstorm

Tornado

Tsunami

Wildfire

Winter storm

Volcano

Other________________________

YES NO

Act of Terrorism

Explosion/fire

Biological attack

Chemical/gas attack

Radiation/nuclear event

Warfare/terrorist assault

Other________________________

YES NO

HAZARDS REVIEW

PREPARE PREPARE to maximize disaster health and well-being for yourself and your family during disasters.

IDENTIFY THE TYPES OF HAZARDS THAT MAY AFFECT YOUR FAMILY Consider the full spectrum of potential family emergencies and community-wide disasters that could occur. Design a flexible, “all-hazards” family disaster plan that adapts to a range of disaster situations.

PREPARE: SAFETY FUNCTION ACTION FAMILY DISASTER PLAN EXERCISE. The exercise in this section is for you to complete the following HAZARDS REVIEW. For each type of emergency or disaster listed, consider whether this event is one that could affect your family or impact your community. If so, circle “YES.” Keep these possible disaster events in mind as you complete your family disaster plan.

SAFEGUARD SAFEGUARD and protect yourself, your family, and your home from harm.

• Protect, secure, and fortify your home. • Respond to disaster warnings.

• Shelter safely at home. • Evacuate safely when necessary.

Building Fortification Protection Systems and Equipment

HOME PROTECTION MEASURES

Inspect/repair your home’s structure, including the roof.

Clear the yard, patio, or balcony of loose objects that may become projectiles.

Secure fixtures and tall furniture inside the home.

Place heavy objects on/near the floor.

Trim trees and shrubs around your home.

Ensure your home meets current building codes. Make sure family members know how to turn off utilities.

Install and maintain smoke detectors.

Locate safety shut-offs for gas and power. Protect windows/doors with shutters/barriers.

Stock water protection supplies (tarps, coverings).

Maintain home alarm and disaster warning systems.

Distribute and maintain fire extinguishers throughout the home.

RESPOND TO DISASTER WARNINGS Warning systems exist for many types of disasters to alert citizens and communities of impending danger. By identifying warning systems for the major hazards or disaster events that may affect your family, you will be better equipped to react quickly and safeguard your family effectively.

Warning systems for disasters that may affect your family: • Consider the major disasters that may occur in your community (consult your HAZARDS REVIEW). • Identify peak seasons and climate conditions when these disasters are most likely to occur. • Know your community, regional, or national warning systems for these disasters. • Learn what each warning means and how to respond to that warning. • Plan to follow the emergency alert system instructions when warnings are issued.

SHELTER SAFELY AT HOME Plan to use your home as the primary sheltering location for a range of disasters. For disasters with little or no warning period, family members who are at home will need to remain there for shelter. Depending on the type of impending disaster, you will need to select specific sheltering locations within your home. By identifying safe spaces prior to a disaster, you can decrease the amount of time your family needs to move to safety within the home when a disaster threatens.

INTRODUCTION When preparing for a disaster, safety is the primary concern. One of the first steps in creating your family disaster plan is determining how to protect your home and your family. Through this process you can increase your ability to remain safe and decrease stress and uncertainty surrounding the disaster. The SAFEGUARD strategy focuses on fortifying your home, responding to disaster warnings, sheltering safely at home, and evacuating safely to alternative shelter sites when necessary.

PROTECT, SECURE, AND FORTIFY YOUR HOME Preparing your home for potential disasters is important to minimize damage and to increase your family’s safety when your home is used as a shelter. Prepare your home to mitigate damage to personal property and protect your family when sheltering within. Start by reviewing the following list of HOME PROTECTION MEASURES.

SAFEGUARD SAFEGUARD and protect yourself, your family, and your home from harm.

EVACUATE SAFELY WHEN NECESSARY The decision to evacuate requires prior planning. This includes determining when to evacuate and the specifics of evacuation (when to leave, how to leave, and where to go). Your family needs to identify one or more alternative sheltering locations and plan transportation routes to these sites.

Evacuation is advised in these situations: • There is sufficient time to evacuate safely. • You live in an evacuation zone and have been asked or ordered to evacuate. • The disaster threat is severe. • You believe that the structure of your home may be unable to withstand the disaster and therefore

would not be able to protect you and your family. • You do not have appropriate protection for your home for the anticipated disaster. • You live in a high-rise building and your building’s systems will not be operating.

Secure your home and personal property prior to evacuation: • Shut off gas and power. • Clear your yard and the exterior of your home of loose objects that may become projectiles. • Install window protection. • Protect windows, doors, and other openings from water. • Secure furniture and fixtures. • Move fragile articles to enclosed spaces. • Secure personal property that cannot be easily transported. • Update photographs of your home prior to disaster impact.

SAFEGUARD: SAFETY FUNCTION ACTION FAMILY DISASTER PLAN EXERCISE. The exercise in this section is for you to complete the following table, RESPOND TO WARNINGS, SHELTER, EVACUATE. In the first column, list up to five emergency or disaster events that may affect your family (refer back to your HAZARDS REVIEW). In the second column, list the types of disaster warnings that may alert you to each type of disaster. In the third column, for disasters where you will be sheltering at home, identify your selected home sheltering location. In the fourth column, for disasters where you will evacuate, identify how your family knows it is time to go. In the fifth column, identify your family’s evacuation destination for each type of disaster.

TYPE OF EMERGENCY/DISASTER

WARNING SYSTEM

SHELTER AT HOME LOCATION

EVACUATE: DECISION RULE

EVACUATE: DESTINATION

RESPOND TO WARNINGS, SHELTER, EVACUATE

PLAN FOR HAZARDS KNOW THE WARNINGS FAMILY DECISION: SHELTER-AT-HOME OR EVACUATE

SUSTAIN SUSTAIN yourself and your family with vital supplies and equipment.

• Stock emergency supplies for your home. • Create emergency GO-KITS for each family member. • Inventory and restock supplies regularly. • Maintain medical records, medications, and First Aid supplies.

INTRODUCTION Maintaining a stockpile of supplies to meet basic needs is an essential ingredient for disaster preparedness. The SUSTAIN strategy focuses on stocking basic emergency and medical supplies for your home and creating GO-KITS of essential supplies for each family member.

Prepare to sustain your family with vital supplies for a period of five days (120 hours). The expression to keep in mind is “YO-YO-120” (You’re On Your Own for 120 hours). Maintaining five days of supplies is the minimum recommendation, but some disasters, such as pandemic influenza, will require sheltering for weeks at a time. Without a stockpile of basic supplies, you may find it difficult to remain in the safety of your shelter location. Keep this in mind and continuously update and expand your stockpile of supplies.

STOCK EMERGENCY SUPPLIES FOR YOUR HOME In order to safely shelter-at-home, your family needs to be fully equipped with basic supplies. Begin to prepare a stockpile of goods to sustain your family’s needs for five or more days during a disaster. Many families create their initial stockpile over a period of several months to minimize demands placed on the family budget. Adapt your specific list of home disaster supplies to meet the special needs of your family members. Consider the special needs of each child, older adult, or individual with medical or mobility challenges living in your household. It is also good practice to stock an extra month’s supply of baby food, baby hygiene goods, elderly supplies, and medications.

CREATE EMERGENCY GO-KITS FOR EACH FAMILY MEMBER GO-KITS consist of easily transportable containers (backpack, suitcase, 5-gallon covered pail) packed and ready with emergency supplies for use in the in-home shelter location or for evacuation at a moment’s notice. Ideally, GO-KITS should be assembled and personalized for each family member (including pets). Store your GO-KITS in an easily- accessible location, ready for immediate use during in-home sheltering or rapid evacuation.

INVENTORY AND RESTOCK SUPPLIES REGULARLY At regular intervals, inventory and restock your shelter-at-home and emergency evacuation supplies. Check expiration dates and replace items as necessary. Pay special attention to updating and replacing children’s in-home supplies and GO-KIT items as children literally outgrow their goods and gear.

SUSTAIN: SAFETY FUNCTION ACTION FAMILY DISASTER PLAN EXERCISE. The exercise for this section consists of several steps: create a list of essential in-home and evacuation disaster supplies, acquire disaster supplies, stockpile supplies at home, pack GO-KITS for family members, and monitor and restock supplies on an ongoing basis. To assist in this process, begin with the lists that are provided.

On the following two pages you will find lists of SHELTER-AT-HOME EMERGENCY SUPPLIES CHECKLIST and EVACUATION EMERGENCY SUPPLIES. Review the lists and place a checkmark in the box labeled “NEED IT” for items you need to acquire. Place a checkmark in the box labeled “HAVE IT” when you have successfully acquired and stocked each needed item. Leave items you do not need unchecked. Use the same process for the final table in this section, MEDICAL INFORMATION AND FIRST AID SUPPLIES.

GENERAL DISASTER SUPPLIES WATER AND FOOD ITEMS

Emergency cash (bills and coins)

Fuel for vehicles

Propane for gas grills/stoves

Generator (with fuel for 5 days)

Battery-powered flashlight for each person

Battery-powered portable TV or radio

Batteries

Basic landline telephone

Weather/All-hazards alert radio

Garbage bags (several sizes)

Blue tarp/heavy plastic

Utility knife or Swiss Army knife

Tools (hammer, screwdriver, pliers)

First Aid kit (see page 9)

Water (1 gallon per person per day)

Cereal/granola

Trail mix, nuts, dried fruits, protein or fruit bars

Peanut butter and jelly

Crackers and cookies

Powdered drinks/canned juices

Canned/jarred vegetables

Canned/jarred fruits

Canned meats/fish

Beans, pasta, soups

Baby formula and extra bottles/liners

Dietary supplements

Oral hydration fluids

Other:

PERSONAL & HYGIENE ITEMS KITCHEN/FOOD PREPARATION

Soap and hand sanitizer

Toothbrush, toothpaste, denture supplies

Toilet paper supply

Feminine hygiene products

Diapers and diaper wipes

Eyeglasses, contact lenses, solution

Hearing aids and batteries

Sunscreen, insect repellent

Disposable kitchen utensils

Napkins/paper towels

Paper plates

Plastic wrap and aluminum foil

Portable gas grill/stove

Manual can opener

Cleaning supplies (bleach, laundry detergent)

Cooler

BEDDING/CLOTHING INDIVIDUAL COMFORT ITEMS

Cots, bedding, blankets, pillows, sleeping bags

Changes of clothing for five days

Protective clothing (rain gear, boots, gloves, masks, goggles, warm clothing)

Other:

Baby toys, infant pacifier

Children’s games and toys

Books, card, past times for adults and elderly

Other (see COMFORT):

IMPORTANT DOCUMENTS PET SUPPLIES

SPECIAL NEEDS ITEMS

Photo identification

Proof of home occupancy

Insurance policy documents

Photo inventory of personal belongings

Banking information

Medical records

Proof of pet vaccination

Emergency contact numbers

Personal/family contact numbers

Pet food, water, and supplies

Kennel, muzzle

Leash, collar with identification tags

Sanitary supplies (cat litter, waste bags)

Specify:

SHELTER-AT-HOME EMERGENCY SUPPLIES CHECKLIST

Need It Have It Need It Have It

GENERAL SUPPLIES WATER AND FOOD

Keys (house, office, car, storage/shed)

Emergency cash (bills and coins)

Battery-powered flashlight for each person

Batteries

Weather/All-hazards alert radio

Utility knife or Swiss Army knife

Whistle

Tools (hammer, screwdriver, pliers)

First Aid kit (see page 9)

Water (1 gallon per person per day)

Cereal/granola

Trail mix, nuts, dried fruits, protein or fruit bars

Peanut butter and jelly

Crackers and cookies

Baby formula and extra bottles/liners

Dietary supplements

Oral hydration fluids

Other:

PERSONAL & HYGIENE ITEMS IMPORTANT DOCUMENTS

Soap and hand sanitizer

Toothbrush, toothpaste, denture supplies

Toilet paper supply

Feminine hygiene products

Diapers and diaper wipes

Eyeglasses, contact lenses, solution

Hearing aids and batteries

Sunscreen, insect repellent

Other:

Photo identification

Proof of home occupancy

Insurance policy documents

Photo inventory of personal belongings

Banking information

Medical records

Proof of pet vaccination

Emergency contact numbers

Personal/family contact numbers

BEDDING/CLOTHING INDIVIDUAL COMFORT ITEMS

Blanket, pillow, sleeping bag

Towel, wash cloth

Change of clothing for five days

Protective clothing (rain gear, boots, gloves, masks, goggles, warm clothing)

Baby toys, infant pacifier

Children’s games and toys

Books, card, past times for adults and elderly

Other (see COMFORT):

EVACUATION EMERGENCY SUPPLIES

Need It Have It Need It Have It

PERSONAL GO-KIT SUPPLIES

GENERAL SUPPLIES CAR REPAIR SUPPLIES

Waterproof disposable camera

Battery-powered flashlight and batteries

Tools (hammer, screwdrivers, pliers)

First Aid kit (see page 9)

Roadmap

Other:

Jumper cables

Tire repair kit/spare tire (and tools)

Flares/white distress flag

Utility knife

Duct tape/masking tape

Bungee cords

Pet food and water

Pet medications

Leash, muzzle, collar with identification tags

Portable kennel

Community kennel or other safe facility contact info

Sanitary supplies (cat litter, waste bags)

PET GO-KIT SUPPLIES

CAR GO-KIT SUPPLIES

SUSTAIN SUSTAIN yourself and your family with vital supplies and equipment.

MAINTAIN MEDICAL RECORDS, MEDICATIONS, AND FIRST AID SUPPLIES Medical records are among the most important documents to have available during a disaster. Maintain these records in both paper and electronic format. Make sure that critical medical information is available in a watertight packet of important documents that you keep in your personal possession at home and when evacuating during a disaster. This medical information should include contact information for your physicians, care providers, clinics, and your local pharmacy. Maintain a list of all prescription medications for each family member. Maintain an extra one-month supply of these prescription medications in your home. Take these medications with you if you evacuate.

Maintaining an updated and fully-stocked First Aid kit is important for your family’s safety during unexpected emergencies and disasters. You should have a comprehensive First Aid kit in your home and be sure to update it regularly. Verify that sterile packaging is intact and that medications are properly stored and sealed. Carry First Aid kits in every vehicle at all times. A First Aid kit is also a high-priority item for your evacuation GO-KIT. Since disasters and emergencies frequently result in injury and/or disease, maintaining and updating First Aid skills is advised for all family members, ages 10 and older. Review the First Aid manual or pamphlets inside your First Aid kit as a just-in-time refresher.

MEDICATIONS/MEDICAL DEVICES

Hardcopy of personal medical records

Electronic version of medical history

Vaccination history

Physician contact information

Hospital and clinic contact information

Other care provider contact information

Pharmacy contact information

Care instructions for current medical conditions

Latex or rubber gloves (2 pairs)

Rubbing alcohol

Sterile adhesive bandages

Sterile bandages (assorted sizes)

Adhesive tape

Safety pins (assorted sizes)

Scissors

Tweezers

Needles

List of medications for each family member

1-month supply of each prescription medication

Medical device information

Medical device supplies

Medical device professional support contacts

Special needs medical supplies

Other:

Cortisone cream

Aspirin and non-aspirin pain relievers

Anti-diarrheal medication

Antacids

Antihistamines

Hydration packets for children and adults

Laxative medication for children and adults

Special needs medical supplies

Other:

MEDICAL INFORMATION AND FIRST AID SUPPLIES

Need It Have It Need It Have ItMEDICAL RECORDS & CONTACT INFO

FIRST AID KIT SUPPLIES

• Learn about disaster stress. • Practice stress management techniques.

• Identify ways to comfort each family member.

INTRODUCTION Disasters cause stress and distress, impacting your ability to function. You can design your family disaster plan to decrease the amount of stress your family experiences when a disaster threatens or strikes. The COMFORT strategy focuses specifically on supporting family members to manage disaster stress and diminish the distress experienced during emergencies and extreme events.

LEARN ABOUT DISASTER STRESS Disasters can be stressful. Powerful stress reactions are common and expected throughout the disaster experience. Persons who are impacted by disasters may experience a range of responses during and immediately following the disaster. Stress reactions may appear as changes in body function and sensation, emotions, thinking patterns, behaviors, and ways of relating to others (review the table of COMMON STRESS REACTIONS). The nature and types of these reactions may also change over time. By learning about the stress responses that you and your family members may exhibit during a disaster, such reactions become more understandable and manageable.

PRACTICE STRESS MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES Disaster stress is expected, but can be managed. There are many techniques available for reducing and managing stress. Most likely, you have already learned to use some combination of stress management strategies effectively to handle the stressors of daily life. Review the table of STRESS MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES to identify a range of options available to manage disaster stress.

COMFORT COMFORT, support, manage disaster stress, and diminish distress for yourself and family members.

“Fight or flight” reaction

Headache

Nausea or diarrhea

Muscle tension or soreness

Increased startle response, sweating or chills

Shortness of breath or heart palpitations

Change in eating habits (increased or decreased appetite)

Change in sleep patterns

Increased alcohol or medication use

Inappropriate humor

Irritability, hostility

Social withdrawal

Greater need for support from others

COMMON STRESS REACTIONS

Physiological Stress Signs (changes in body function and sensation)

Behavioral Stress Signs (changes in actions and behaviors)

Social Stress Signs (changes in interpersonal relationships)

Emotional Stress Signs (changes in emotions and feelings)

Cognitive Stress Signs (changes in ability to think and problem-solve)

Fear, terror, or intense anxiety

Irritability and anger

Sadness and tearfulness

Feeling overwhelmed

Hopelessness and helplessness

Difficulty thinking clearly

Memory problems

Difficulty making decisions

Confusion or disorientation

Decreased attention span

Preoccupation with the source of stress

• Identify ways to comfort each family member.

COMFORT COMFORT, support, manage disaster stress, and diminish distress for yourself and family members.

Engage in physical exercise and/or sports

Practice relaxation breathing

Practice yoga or stretching exercises

Pray or meditate

Practice personal faith or seek spiritual support

Spend time with others

Seek support from others

Maintain a healthy diet

Drink plenty of water

STRESS MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES

Use healthy humor

Relax by playing with children and/or pets

Maintain daily routines

Take personal time

Take brief naps

Engage in light reading

Listen to relaxing music

Keep a journal

Engage in favorite hobbies

Books, magazines

Board games, toys

Soft items (for example- blanket, stuffed animal)

Favorite pet

DVD player, music player (remember DVDs and batteries)

COMFORT ITEMS

Family photos, camera

Grooming supplies, hygiene supplies

Comfort foods (for example- favorite snacks or treats)

Journal, paper, and pens

Coloring books, crayons, and markers

A useful approach to prepare for and manage disaster stress is to practice a variety of stress management techniques regularly during periods of lower stress. Familiarizing yourself with personally effective techniques will enable you to lower your level of stress more quickly during periods of high stress and uncertainty. In addition to practicing stress management techniques, you should not forget the importance of maintaining a healthy lifestyle. A healthy lifestyle entails getting restful sleep, maintaining a healthy diet, and exercising regularly. By taking care of yourself and prioritizing your health, you are diminishing the effects that stressful situations may have on you, including the impact of disasters.

IDENTIFY WAYS TO COMFORT EACH FAMILY MEMBER Each family member will experience disaster stress in a unique and individual manner. These differences in stress reactions need to be considered so you can best support each family member when a disaster occurs. For each family member, identify preferred methods of comfort and support during disasters. One helpful approach to comforting family members during a disaster is having favorite comfort items available when sheltering at home or evacuating. The following table lists examples of COMFORT ITEMS.

COMFORT: SAFETY FUNCTION ACTION FAMILY DISASTER PLAN EXERCISE. The exercise in this section is to review the three key points and the corresponding tables. First, review the table of COMMON STRESS REACTIONS. Identify one or two stress reactions that each family member may exhibit during a disaster. Identifying your family’s stress signs will enable your family members to apply stress management techniques in both day-to-day situations and during a disaster. Second, review the table of STRESS MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES. Have each family member select and practice one NEW technique that is unfamiliar to them. Third, have each family member identify one preferred way to receive comfort during a disaster and, after reviewing the COMFORT ITEMS table, select one favorite comfort item to pack in each family member’s GO-KIT.

CONNECT Connect family members to each other and to emergency services during and after a disaster with a family communications plan.

• Create a family communications plan for disasters. • Keep your family together and identify ways to reunite if separated. • Generate an emergency services contact list.

INTRODUCTION When a disaster occurs it is important for family members to remain together if possible. It is equally important for family members to know how to reconnect if they are separated. The CONNECT strategy focuses on the creation of a family communications plan with the goal of keeping the family unit together during an emergency and quickly reuniting family members who become separated. Maintaining connection with family members and support networks lowers stress levels, provides protection, and facilitates a healthier recovery after a disaster. In addition to connecting family members when disaster strikes, knowing how to connect to emergency services is important.

CREATE A FAMILY COMMUNICATIONS PLAN FOR DISASTERS A FAMILY COMMUNICATIONS PLAN is the blueprint for keeping your family in contact during a disaster. Here is an eight-step approach to creating your communications plan:

1 List the family members covered by your communications plan. Start by creating a list of names, addresses, telephone numbers, and email addresses for all family members included in your plan. All family members should be informed about the plan and ideally, participate actively in creating the plan. All family members should agree to a shared action plan.

2 List local contact persons. Continue by creating a list of names, addresses, telephone numbers, and email addresses for local contact persons you rely upon for support. These are the persons you are most likely to contact for personal emergencies when your family is affected, but your local contacts are unaffected and available to help.

3 Identify a primary out-of-area contact person. It is important to identify an out-of-area contact person so that all family members in your plan have a single out-of-area point-of-contact in a distant location that is unlikely to be affected by a disaster occurring in your community. There are two reasons for selecting an out-of-area contact person. First, this person is likely to be available to provide support to your family since the disaster has not affected their home area. Second, this person is likely to have working phone lines and other communications at a time when services in your area may be disrupted by the disaster.

4 Identify a secondary out-of-area contact person. It is recommended that a secondary contact be identified as a backup point of contact in the event that your primary contact is unreachable in a time of need.

Primary and secondary emergency contacts should be informed of their role in your family disaster planning. Your identified contact persons should be aware of one another so they may directly communicate during times of disaster. Identify the two best methods for making contact with each of your family emergency contacts (for example, a phone number and email address). When disaster threatens, or strikes without warning, get in touch with your family emergency contact(s) and inform them about: a What you know regarding the disaster. b The effects of the disaster on your family and home. c Your arrangements for evacuation and/or sheltering.

As part of the shared action plan, have family members notify the family emergency contact person(s) if: a A family member becomes lost or separated from loved ones. b A family member changes emergency plans or locations. c A family member experiences something unexpected or urgent.

CONNECT Connect family members to each other and to emergency services during and after a disaster with a family communications plan.

5 Determine in-town and out-of-town family meeting places. Determine locations where you and your family members can meet, in your home town and out-of-town, if you leave your home and one or more family members become separated during the disaster.

6 Generate an emergency services contact list.

7 Create multiple options for communication. Usual modes of communication, such as land-line telephones and cellular communications, may become unavailable during a disaster. Plan to use additional means of communication such as email messaging, text-messaging, or digital two-way radio services to reach your family and contact persons.

8 Distribute copies of the plan to all family members. Once your family communications plan has been created, each family member should carry a copy of the plan at all times. Pack a copy in each family member’s GO-KIT. The most vital information of the communications plan can be reduced to a wallet-sized card for portability. Your family communications plan should also be posted in a readily available location, such as near your home telephone and/or on your home refrigerator.

KEEP YOUR FAMILY TOGETHER AND IDENTIFY WAYS TO REUNITE IF SEPARATED Separation from family members during a disaster is a major source of stress and distress even when their whereabouts and safety are known; being separated without information regarding your family members’ safety and welfare is significantly more stressful. Identifying strategies to keep your family together and to reconnect if separated will help you reconnect in a more timely manner and greatly decrease stress during a disaster.

Strategies to keep family members together. For disasters with a sufficient warning period, there is typically adequate time to gather family members and maintain an intact family unit while sheltering or evacuating. Parents/guardians should know the schedules and locations of their children and plan to retrieve young children from child care, school, camp, or similar settings if disaster threatens. Take a moment to review each family member’s weekly schedule. Identify one responsible adult to locate and retrieve each dependent member of the family in the event of an emergency. By coordinating who will be responsible for each dependent family member you are maximizing the likelihood of keeping your family unit together during a disaster.

Strategies to reunite family members when separated. For disasters that occur without warning, family separation can occur in an instant. To avoid long-term separation when the unexpected occurs, your family can strategize to reconnect quickly post-disaster. One strategy is to predetermine a neighborhood or regional meeting place and an out-of-town meeting place to reconnect after a disaster has passed. Another strategy to reconnect separated family members is to coordinate communications through a single point-of- contact, your family emergency contact person.

GENERATE AN EMERGENCY SERVICES CONTACT LIST A list of emergency service numbers specific to your community is an important resource to have at all times. Record key emergency services contacts in your family communications plan. Update this list annually as school, medical, and insurance information may change. Customize your list with contacts for additional services available in your area.

CONNECT: SAFETY FUNCTION ACTION FAMILY DISASTER PLAN EXERCISE. The exercise in this section is to complete your SAFETY FUNCTION ACTION FAMILY COMMUNICATIONS PLAN. The family communications plan incorporates the eight-step process outlined above. A template for your plan appears on the following two pages of this SAFETY FUNCTION ACTION FAMILY DISASTER PLAN GUIDEBOOK.

Name Telephone/Cell Email Address

CONNECT Connect family members to each other and to emergency services during and after a disaster with a family communications plan.

SAFETY FUNCTION ACTION FAMILY COMMUNICATIONS PLAN

Home Address:

Home Telephone:

FAMILY NAME:

Name

Telephone/Cell

Address (if not home address)

Address

Step 1: Family Members Covered by the Family Communications Plan

Step 2: Local Contact Persons

Step 4: Secondary Out-of-Area Contact Person

Step 3: Primary Out-of-Area Contact Person

CONNECT Connect family members to each other and to emergency services during and after a disaster with a family communications plan.

SAFETY FUNCTION ACTION FAMILY COMMUNICATIONS PLAN

In Home Town

Local Emergency Contacts

Children’s Information

Out-of-Town

Medical/Health Contacts

Other Information

Location Name: Location Name:

Address: Address:

Contact Name: Contact Name:

Telephone: Telephone:

Police (Emergency): 911

Police (Non-Emergency):

Fire Department:

Ambulance/EMS:

Office of Emergency Mgmt:

Local Red Cross:

Local Disaster Shelter:

School/Child Care:

Teacher:

School/Child Care:

Teacher:

School/Child Care:

Teacher:

Step 7: Communications Options

Land line telephones

Cellular telephones

Local contact persons

Out-of-area primary/secondary contact persons

Email messaging

Text messaging

Digital two-way radio

Physician:

Clinic:

Hospital:

Dentist:

Pharmacy:

Veterinarian:

Insurance Agent:

Plumber:

Electrician:

Contractor:

Landlord:

Bldg. Maintenance:

Step 8: Distribute Family Communications Plan

Copy for every family member

Copy for every GO-KIT

Copy for each automobile

Copy near in-home telephones

Copy in in-home sheltering location

Copy for each worksite

Step 6: Emergency Services Contact List

Step 5: Family Emergency Meeting Places

ADVISE ADVISE yourself and your family about the disaster and review positive coping strategies.

• Identify reliable disaster information sources and receive timely information. • Balance the amount of exposure to disaster information. • Be informed about positive coping strategies.

INTRODUCTION Your family needs information about the disaster event and about coping with the challenges and stresses of the disaster. This information guides you and your family toward actions you can take to protect yourselves before and during impact. Inaccurate information that does not match the reality of the situation may cause you to become unnecessarily stressed about imagined threats or exaggerate the severity of the situation. Conversely, in the absence of accurate information, you may fail to take preventive and protective actions to deal with authentic threats. Staying well-informed throughout each phase of a disaster will help clarify true threats, limit unnecessary stress, and permit educated decision-making. The ADVISE strategy focuses on providing your family with timely and accurate information regarding the disaster, as well as providing information on coping strategies for dealing with disaster stress.

IDENTIFY RELIABLE INFORMATION SOURCES AND RECEIVE TIMELY INFORMATION Sources of timely and accurate disaster information vary based on the type of event. With natural disasters, for example, your local office of emergency management is likely to be the ultimate source for accurate, up-to-date information. Readily-accessible information is also delivered by local news sources (media, print, radio, and Internet). Whatever your preferred source for disaster information, be sure the source is reliable and credible. Review the following table, COMMUNICATIONS TOOLS FOR TIMELY DISASTER INFORMATION, to select your best options for receiving timely disaster information.

AM/FM portable radio

Weather/All-hazards alert radio

Battery-powered television

Phone tree set up at work or within the community

Email/text messaging alerts

COMMUNICATIONS TOOLS FOR TIMELY DISASTER INFORMATION

Disaster management websites

Red Cross and disaster response websites

Hazard/disaster-specific websites

Public health websites (epidemic diseases)

Social networking websites

When gathering disaster information there are four general questions to address:

1 What has happened? Your family needs to know the details of the disaster event and what is being done. This information provides perspective, allowing your family to get a handle on the event that has impacted your community. Accurate information dissolves the major stressor of uncertainty.

2 What will happen? Clarifying what to expect provides your family with information to guide them. This information orients your family, decreases the stress of uncertainty, and warns about upcoming risks and threats.

3 What to do? Those impacted by disaster often benefit from directive information that focuses on what to do. This is information for action. In the early aftermath of a disaster there is often great damage and confusion. You and your family may benefit from knowing exactly what you should do following a disaster.

4 What resources are available? Now that you know what to do, this information identifies the available resources to support your actions. In a disaster, some usual resources will be unavailable. However, simultaneously, new resources will arrive on scene as part of the disaster response.

ADVISE ADVISE yourself and your family about the disaster and review positive coping strategies.

BALANCE THE AMOUNT OF EXPOSURE TO DISASTER INFORMATION Although it is important to stay well-informed, be mindful to limit your family’s exposure to local and national media. Watching ongoing and repetitive news coverage of the disaster can shift from useful to harmful when viewed too often or for prolonged periods. Exposure to a constant barrage of negative disaster experiences can cause undue stress. The key is to balance the amount of exposure to disaster news. Get brief updates once or twice a day rather than a continuous stream of news coverage.

BE INFORMED ABOUT POSITIVE COPING STRATEGIES Physiological, psychological, and emotional reactions to disasters are understandably powerful and often troublesome. You may find that some of your family members will have a difficult time coping with the effects of a disaster. This is completely understandable and expected. In fact, it is important to monitor each family member’s stress level, emotions, and behaviors.

People use many strategies to attempt to adapt to stressful situations. Positive coping strategies decrease stress in a manner that is healthy. Positive coping strategies effectively act to resolve the underlying causes of stress. The use of positive coping strategies is strongly advocated. In contrast, the use of negative coping strategies should be avoided as they may actually prolong stress, cause negative long-term consequences, or may harm you or others. The contrast between positive and negative coping strategies is highlighted in the following table COMPARING POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE COPING STRATEGIES.

Allow time to mourn losses.

Seek support from loved ones.

Focus on situations that can be changed & try to accept things that cannot.

Increase focus on positive aspects of life.

Take time for enjoyable activities and hobbies.

Reestablish routines (regular meal times/bed times, family traditions).

Limit caffeine and sugar intake.

Excessive smoking.

Overuse of alcohol and/or medications.

Increase in caffeine intake.

Binge eating.

Increase in risk taking behaviors.

COMPARING POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE COPING STRATEGIES

Build relationships by accepting and offering support.

Engage in healthy lifestyle behaviors.

View tough situations in broader context & with a long-term perspective.

Reduce focus on fears and worries.

Recognize personal needs and prioritize self-care.

Develop realistic goals and take small steps to attain these goals.

Avoid overuse of alcohol or medications.

Withdrawal from social settings/interactions/support.

Directing anger or negative emotions onto others.

Verbal and/or physical violence.

Intentional avoidance of stressors and/or responsibilities.

POSITIVE COPING STRATEGIES

NEGATIVE COPING STRATEGIES

ADVISE: SAFETY FUNCTION ACTION FAMILY DISASTER PLAN EXERCISE. The exercise for this section has two parts. First, review the table of COMMUNICATIONS TOOLS FOR TIMELY DISASTER INFORMATION. Verify that you have the communications devices and media channels necessary to receive up-to-date disaster information for the major emergency and disaster events that may affect your family.

Second, review the table COMPARING POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE COPING STRATEGIES. From this table, select several positive coping strategies that your family can use effectively in times of family emergency or community disaster. Also, consider the list of negative coping strategies and consider whether any family member is at risk of using these strategies in high-stress situations, such as a disaster. Use times of lower stress to have your family practice positive coping strategies.

ACTIVATE ACTIVATE family members to respond effectively and maintain disaster health during each phase of a disaster.

BEFORE DISASTER STRIKES: • Practice your family disaster plan. • Respond to disaster warnings. • Make decision to shelter-at-home or evacuate.

AFTER DISASTER STRIKES: • Check for post-disaster hazards. • Participate in community disaster response. • Review and revise your family disaster plan.

INTRODUCTION Prior to and following a disaster you and your family will need to take action. Completing your SAFETY FUNCTION ACTION FAMILY DISASTER PLAN GUIDEBOOK and the exercises within are actions you have already taken prior to a disaster. The ACTIVATE strategy puts the family disaster plan into motion when disaster threatens or strikes, and in the aftermath during response and recovery. These actions serve to protect you and your family and help you recover following a disaster.

BEFORE DISASTER STRIKES: PRACTICE YOUR FAMILY DISASTER PLAN The ideal time to develop and practice your family disaster plan is now. Disaster can strike at any time. Your area or region may have identified seasons for local natural disasters; in which case, the best time to plan and practice is during off-season or between disaster seasons. Completing your family’s plan during a period of lower risk allows you to take the time to engage all family members in the planning process. Once your family disaster plan is complete, it is important to update supplies and practice your plan between disaster seasons. It may also be helpful to review “what-if” scenarios with your family to keep their skills up-to-date and work out potential foreseeable problems before they can occur during an emergency. When disaster strikes, your family can activate and put well-practiced skills to good use.

BEFORE DISASTER STRIKES: RESPOND TO DISASTER WARNINGS When disaster threatens and warnings are issued, it is time to put planning and practice into action. The SAFETY FUNCTION ACTION FAMILY DISASTER PLAN GUIDEBOOK becomes the guide for your actions. Review the General Protective Measures and the Secure Home and Possessions guidance in the following table, RESPOND TO DISASTER WARNINGS.

BEFORE DISASTER STRIKES: MAKE DECISION TO SHELTER-AT-HOME OR EVACUATE When a disaster is threatening or about to occur, it is time to make the critical decision to shelter-at-home or evacuate. As you react to the impending disaster, consult the following SHELTER-AT-HOME/ EVACUATION CHECKLIST for a quick review of steps you can take to shelter or evacuate safely.

Secure Home and Possessions

Review your SAFETY FUNCTION ACTION FAMILY DISASTER PLAN GUIDEBOOK with family members.

Get cash.

Fill vehicles with gasoline.

Verify that home supplies are fully stocked.

Verify that every personal GO-KIT is fully stocked.

Follow disaster updates from a reliable news source.

Inform designated contact person(s) of the family’s action plan.

Clear your yard and the exterior of your home of loose objects that may become projectiles.

Install window protection.

Protect windows, doors, and other openings from water.

Secure furniture and fixtures.

Move fragile articles to enclosed spaces.

Secure personal property that cannot be easily transported.

Shut off gas and power.

RESPOND TO DISASTER WARNINGS

General Protective Measures

ACTIVATE ACTIVATE family members to respond effectively and maintain disaster health during each phase of a disaster.

Review emergency sheltering procedures with family members.

Monitor the disaster situation using reliable information sources.

Stay indoors and away from windows.

Close all interior doors. Brace and secure exterior doors.

Gather supplies and GO-KITS for all family members and place them in home safe space.

Verify that essential supplies are in the home safe space.

Secure a supply of water for sanitary purposes.

Freeze water for extra ice.

Call family emergency contacts to inform them of your plans.

Turn off utilities if instructed to do so by local officials.

Take refuge in your safe space when instructed to do so by local officials.

Stay indoors until instructed by local officials that it is safe to come outside.

Review emergency evacuation plan with family members.

Retrieve supplies and GO-KITS for all family members.

Retrieve important documents and cash.

Call family emergency contacts prior to departure.

Make final vehicle or transportation preparations.

Turn off utilities and unplug electronics.

Follow local evacuation instructions.

Evacuate to the identified evacuation location.

Inform family emergency contacts when you arrive.

SHELTER-AT-HOME/EVACUATION CHECKLIST

Decision: EvacuateDecision: Shelter-at-Home OR

Home hazards

Environmental hazards

Roadway hazards

Health hazards

Structural damage, carbon monoxide danger from portable generators, heat/cold risks when power is out

Lack of utilities, lack of transportation services and communications, downed power lines, fallen trees, debris, flooding

Non-working traffic signals, non-working street lights, accident scenes, road debris

Lack of medical care access, lack of public health services, physical injury, fatigue, exposure to the elements, infectious diseases, food-borne illness, insect-borne diseases, water contamination, animal bites, psychological stress and distress

POST-DISASTER HAZARDS

ExamplesType of Hazard

AFTER DISASTER STRIKES: CHECK FOR POST-DISASTER HAZARDS There may be hazards in the post-disaster environment that pose risks to you and your family. If you are sheltering within the area directly impacted by the disaster, the first hazard to watch for is the possibility that your shelter may no longer be safe. Review the following table, POST-DISASTER HAZARDS, to increase your awareness of possible post-disaster hazards you may encounter.

AFTER DISASTER STRIKES: PARTICIPATE IN COMMUNITY DISASTER RESPONSE You and your family members can take an active role in disaster recovery for your community. The many opportunities to help yourself, your family, and your community provide avenues for building community resilience in the aftermath of a disaster.

Ways to participate in community disaster response: • Join a local community disaster response team. • Participate in distribution of vital supplies to meet basic needs. • Participate in repair and reconstruction efforts. • Volunteer with local disaster response organizations. • Visit places of worship nearby to offer support services. • Contact disaster-affected neighbors, family, and friends to offer support and help.

ACTIVATE ACTIVATE family members to respond effectively and maintain disaster health during each phase of a disaster.

AFTER DISASTER STRIKES: REVIEW AND REVISE YOUR FAMILY DISASTER PLAN Several weeks after the disaster, while the event is still recent, take time to discuss your disaster experiences with family members. Review your SAFETY FUNCTION ACTION FAMILY DISASTER PLAN. Find out what elements worked well and identify areas for improvement. Modify your plan to increase your family’s preparedness for future emergencies and disaster events.

Steps to review your family disaster experience and family disaster plan: • Meet as a family and discuss each family member’s disaster experience. • Discuss any unmet needs that were experienced during the disaster. • Problem-solve to meet those unmet needs for the future. • Determine which family disaster plan actions worked well and which did not. • Problem-solve ways to improve actions that did not work well. • Modify your family disaster plan based on the real-world experiences of your family members. • Determine ways to improve family disaster preparedness (for example- family disaster drills).

ACTIVATE: SAFETY FUNCTION ACTION FAMILY DISASTER PLAN EXERCISE. The exercise for this section is to practice your family disaster plan regularly with your family. Use different possible disaster scenarios and test out the “what-ifs” for each scenario until your family knows exactly what to do. Practice all strategies: SAFEGUARD, SUSTAIN, COMFORT, CONNECT, ADVISE, and ACTIVATE.

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Family Name:
Telephone Number:
Address1:
Address2:
Address3:
Name2:
Name3:
Name1:
Telephone1:
Telephone2:
Telephone3:
Email1:
Name4:
Telephone4:
Address4:
Name5:
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Address:
Location - OoT:
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Address - OoT:
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Location:
Telephone:
Police - Non-Emergency:
Fire:
Ambulance:
Emergency Mgmt:
Local Red Cross:
Local Disaster Shelter:
Veterinarian:
Physician:
Physician2:
Clinic:
Hospital:
Dentist:
Pharmacy:
School/Child Care 2:
Teacher2:
Teacher1:
School/Child Care 3:
Teacher3:
School/Child Care 1:
Insurance Agent:
Plumber:
Electrician:
Contractor:
Landlord:
Bldg:

Maintenance:

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