M4A2

Domestic Violence against Women

Jennifer Augustus

FP6015

September 26, 2017

David Arena

Domestic Violence

Domestic violence can get defined as the commitment of crime to a particular individual. Domestic violence can take the form of psychological or physical harm to an individual.

Scholarly Articles on Domestic Violence against Women

Anna, E. (2014). Subordination of gender: reflecting on the vulnerability to domestic violence against women [PDF Document]. Retrieved from http://www.scielo.br/pdf/ean/v18n4/en_1414-8145-ean-18-04-0728.pdf

Coker, A.L., et al. (2010). Frequency and correlates of intimate partner violence by type: physical, sexual, and psychological battering. Journal of public health, 90, 553-559.

Heise, L. et al. (2012). A global overview of gender-based violence. Journal of international Gynecol Obstet, 78, 5-14.

Jewkes,R. (2012). Intimate partner violence: causes and prevention. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, 359, 1331-1336.

Krantz, G. (2017). Violence against women. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, 59(10), 813-814.

U.S. Department of Justice. (2017). Domestic Violence. Retrieved from https://www.justice.gov/ovw/domestic-violence

University of Kentucky. (2017). Violence Against Women Journal. Retrieved from http://www.uky.edu/crvaw/violence-against-women-journal

Watts, C., & Zimmerman, C. (2012). Violence against women: global scope and magnitude. Journal of public health, 359, 1232-1237.

Women’s Health. (2015). Violence Against Women. Retrieved from https://www.womenshealth.gov/violence-against-women/types-of-violence/domestic-intimate-partner-violence.html

World Health Organization (WHO). (2017). Violence against women. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs239/en/

Common denominator descriptions of those perpetrating violence against women:

Dyadic Contexts

According to many experts in the subject regarding violence against women, most men often carry out violence against women in a dyadic context which include; characteristics of the woman, their communication and the features of the relationship (World Health Organization (WHO), 2016). The probability of violence between a woman and a man is usually determined according to the stage of their relationship. According to anecdotal evidence that was found from some of the women who had gone through battering by their partners indicated that most men usually refrain from physical violence until when a woman decides to make an emotional commitment to him (The National Academic Press, 2014). Some good examples of emotional commitments that women make include; getting married or engaged, moving in together with the man or even getting pregnant.

Societal Influences

There is no doubt that the society also has a great role in the violence against women. Many communities around the world always look down upon women as just objects that should be controlled by men (Young Women’s Christian Association, 2014). In the history of America and Western Europe, we discover that many married women had no any independent legal status meaning that women were just part of a man's property. There were even some instances when husbands were given the right to physically punish their wives (The National Academic Press, 2014). A good example is in 1824 in the case between (Bradley v. State 1 Miss.157) where the Supreme Court of Mississippi upheld the right of the husbands to chastise their wives.

Statistics on domestic violence against women in California

Domestic violence has for many years been a big problem in the United States. According to many surveys in the United Sates many female experience 80% of domestic violence against them as compared to the small percentage of men that have experienced domestic violence. We are specifically going to focus on domestic violence against women statistics in California. Recent surveys indicate that about 32.9% of women in California experienced domestic violence from their intimate partners. There are about 4.5 million women who reside in California, and most of them have at least experienced domestic violence at some point in their life. The results of domestic violence against women in California is said to be very much higher than even the nationwide average of 1 women in 4 who indicated that they had experienced intimate partner violence (California Partnership to End Domestic Violence, 2017). Many women who reported violence against them were the non-white as compared to the white women in California. Many young women that are between 18 to 29 years reported the highest rate of intimate partner violence. Women with a higher income also recorded the lowest rate of violence as compared to those who earned a lower income.

References

California Partnership to End Domestic Violence. (2017). Home Page. Retrieved from www.cpedv.org/

The National Academic Press. (2014). 3 Causes and Consequences of Violence Against Women. Retrieved from https://www.nap.edu/read/5127/chapter/5

World Health Organization (WHO) (2016). Global and regional estimates of violence against women: prevalence and health effects of intimate partner violence and non-partner sexual violence [PDF Document]. Retrieved from http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:6eFlSzStSQ4J:apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/85239/1/9789241564625_eng.pdf+&cd=6&hl=en&ct=clnk&client=firefox-b

Young Women’s Christian Association. (2014). Fact sheet violence against women [PDF Document]. Retrieved from http://www.ywca.org/atf/cf/%7B3b450fa5-108b-4d2e-b3d0-c31487243e6a%7D/FACT_VIOLENCE.PDF