Logistics Research ("Body" Only)
Mark1989
LogisticsResearch.pptxDevelopment I n container terminals and increasing operational efficiency in ports Abdullah Alkhambashi 1766996 Abdulaziz Sager bin yaheb 1849385 Abdullah Amouaili
Logistics
The art and science of managing the flow of goods, energy, information and other resources, such as products, services, and even human beings, from the production area to the consumption area. It is difficult or even impossible to carry out any global trade or operation (import / export) transfer of raw materials or products and their manufacture.
Some types of logistics services
1-Business logistics: It is the logistical services provided in a specific field of work, such as airlines.
2-Production logistic: It is the services related to the production line of goods transportation, supply, and distribution.
3-Emergency logistics: It is the services that take place in the event of the transportation of goods or products in an emergency.
Logistics objectives
1- Improving physical flow from upstream to downstream.
2- Introducing the purchase and production programs in a country
3- Organizing after-sales services, and distributing various spare parts.
Benefits of logistics services There are many benefits to implementing logistics services, including the following :?
Benefits of logistics services
1- To improve the physical flow from the source of the products to the downstream intended for the consumer.
2- It also introduces all programs related to quality, purchasing and production.
3- That all services, especially after sales, be organized and customer service improved.
4- To provide more advice to officials, which enables them to achieve maximum benefit.
5- To achieve maximum benefit from all investments.
6- To help the organizations in controlling all the problems and complications they encounter in general.
What is a container terminal?
Container terminals or container ports are intermediate destination facilities that enable shipping containers to switch transport routes on their way to their final destination.
The container terminal functions
Receiving
Storage
Staging
Loading (import, export)
In every container terminal
has 4 basic functions:
Some of the advantages of the containerization:
Standardization
Flexibility
Low cost
Fast
Security and safety
Often times, the cargo arrives at the container terminal in a single vessel and is distributed across several modes of transportation for delivery to inland customers.
The terminal is also a: designated area for the maintenance and temporary storage of shipping containers. Sometimes here is also unloading, loading and storing of goods inside these containers.
What is the container terminal’s role in the shipping process?
Container terminals are located strategically as critical points of a complex logistic network. Maritime terminals host the transfer of containers from ocean vessels to road and rail vehicles and canal barges, and the other way around.
They are often a part of a larger port- the largest of which are located around major harbors. When the trans loading is between rail and road, the facility is referred to as an inland container terminal. These are situated in or nearby major cities and are well-connected to maritime containers by rail.
Inland areas
Inland areas connections to marine terminals are vital to the supply chain. Consider the many landlocked countries in Europe and their inability to trade goods with non-neighboring countries if this interconnection fails to exist that “it is imperative to build a sustainable pan-European transport network linking all relevant ports to the main inland nodes”.
Since many European countries do not have any sea ports, their economic well-being depends heavily on having land connections to the sea ports of other countries.
What is the operational process of a container terminal?
Upon a ship’s arrival at the port, manned quay cranes take the containers from the ship.
The quay cranes transfer the containers from the ship’s hold and deck to vehicles, such as AGVs (automated guided vehicles).
The vehicles travel between the ship and the stack, where they drop off the containers to be stored for a brief period of time.
After this period, the containers are taken from the stack by cranes and transported by AGVs to their next transportation mode. These could be barges, deep sea ships, trucks or trains,
for example.
To load export containers onto a ship, these processes are executed in reverse order. Most of the terminals still make use of manned equipment such as straddle carriers, cranes and multi-trailer-systems, though container terminal automation has been making exciting advances.
What can we do to increase port operation efficiency?
Focusing efforts on improving internal factors.
Some actions can be taken to help increase efficiency
According to the internal factor affecting the process:
1-Excessive concentration of cargo in a specific area of the terminal
In this case, the planning area must distribute the cargo to be loaded and unloaded from the ship in the aft area in a balanced manner.
2-Reducing employee shift time:
The best way to reduce the impact of shifts on MPH is to measure the personnel in their devices so that the process doesn't stop. To enable this, it is a good practice to install an employee's electronic time attendance on the device itself.
Encouraging healthy competition between operators:
Continuous monitoring of operators' performance and publishing their productivity rankings are ways to promote healthy competition between them. Just knowing that they are being monitored and compared to each other greatly contributes to the increase in performance. Another alternative is to implement the variable bonus or reward model to reward operators for the best performance. Oftentimes a simple bonus can go a long way to the process.
The importance of the logistics sector for any economy around the world
And the various human services from the area of production to the area of consumption,
as it is difficult to carry out any global or local trade, whether it is import or export, without logistical support.
Logistics services include several activities, including:
transport, inventory, storage, packaging and distribution.
The importance of professional logistics services lies in providing the final product or raw materials at the right time and price.
How development in logistics services:
One of the goals of Vision 2030 is for the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to be a logistical platform and for the Kingdom to advance from the 49th to 25th globally and first in the region.
The Logistics Performance Index is a comparative measurement tool developed by the World Bank in order to highlight the opportunities and challenges in logistics.
Improve logist ics performance. It is the result of six6 indicators, which are: the efficiency , speed and simplicity of customs procedures, the logistical infrastructure of ports, airports , roads, railways, etc., and the ease of arranging international shipments at competitive prices,
Logistics and Vision 2030
What makes this sector important to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is its strategic location that links between Asia and Europe, which makes Jeddah Islamic Port and Dammam Port a link between East and West, and this is a competitive advantage that most Gulf countries lack as it will save shipping companies nearly 800 thousand dollars for the next ship. From Europe to unload goods at the ports of the Gulf states.
Companies that provide logistical services must provide all services under one roof so that the importer or exporter does not need to deal with four parties to obtain the service, the logistical companies must allow the system to be a customs broker, carrier, warehouse, distributor, air, land and importer freight agent, as well as Customs clearance services must be developed to electronic to speed up the clearance process.
