Independent Design Project-Final paper

Running head: LITERATURE REVIEW WEEK 5

LITERATURE REVIEW WEEK 5 2

Literature Review Week 5

Student

ASCI 531 – Robotics and Control

Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University-Worldwide

Nov 16, 2019

Literature Review Week 5

The article reviews the functionality of manipulation while expounding more on how robotics adapts to different environments. The use of robotics is becoming widespread, as they have been revolutionized to operate in different spheres, such as health, education, and sports. In healthcare, manipulation differentiates robots from other automated or computerized systems (Riek, 2019). Robots have been designed to physically interact with or modify their environment, providing it with the avenue of performing numerous functions. Manipulation is still regarded as a field that is still developing, despite numerous improvements.

Manipulators majorly consist of a robotic arm and an end effector, with the effector being as simple as a suction cup. However, suction cups are unable to perform certain tasks such as interacting with buttons and knobs and reorienting objects. With its limited capabilities, the objects interact with this device would need to meet standard requirements such as a flat surface, such that the manipulators can interact with them.

Complex designs often measure according to the number of axes in which their grippers move or in degrees-of-freedom (DOF). Since different manipulators are designed for different functionalities, engineers often choose what they can add to achieve the desired skill. Manipulators are high-precision, high-speed, and have a better sense of their environment, making them well skilled to perform different functions. Most manipulator engineers use compliance measures when dealing with their designs to address the degree of freedom and system safety (Riek, 2019). Since these manipulators are strong, their actuation mechanisms can unintentionally cause harm to the elderly. The purpose of compliance, in this case, would be to give the operator more control and addressing safety risks. Adding sensors makes manipulators safer, but it would be necessary to install encoders in strategic joints to position the manipulator as needed. For example, vision sensors help manipulators interact with their environment and help in repositioning.

Manipulators such as the da Vinci robot have increased value in patient care, especially in robotic surgery, and can be customized to perform different functions, depending on the need of service required. Manipulation technology has proven to be ideal in complex cases of personal care, especially in adults. They would be effective in assisting the elderly in walking, lifting them to their beds of chairs, reaching for objects, and even cleaning. The sensors in play would be able to sense danger as well as provide a safe mechanism that prevents injury (Riek, 2019). Manipulated prosthetic limbs would also be useful for the elderly who have lost their motor limbs and would desire to move around on their own. However, the article insists on reviewing health care policies, such that these manipulators are affordable to all.

References

Riek, L. (2019). Healthcare Robotics. Retrieved from https://m-cacm.acm.org/magazines/2017/11/222171-healthcare-robotics/abstract

Research Log Week 5

Ansari, Y., Manti, M., Falotico, E., Mollard, Y., Cianchetti, M., & Laschi, C. (2017). Towards the development of a soft manipulator as an assistive robot for personal care of elderly people. International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems, 14(2)

The article researches on effective ways to design a manipulator that can offer assistive roles to the elderly. It elaborates on the overall vision and potential challenges that may be incurred while using the manipulator. This article is a framework of the concept of my design, which shows the challenges to expect and how to mitigate them, as well as the rollout and feedback process of the prototype they designed.

Koceski, S., & Koceska, N. (2016). Evaluation of an assistive telepresence robot for elderly healthcare. Journal of medical systems, 40(5), 121.

This article describes the robotic system and its intent to improve the social lives of the elderly by assisting them in their daily activities, as a way of curbing social isolation and loneliness, while providing professional care daily. The importance of this article is to give guidance on the sustainable measures that can be taken to provide adequate care to the elderly. It is relevant to my design as it emulates more on the concept of design, which may be useful in my research.

Manti, M., Pratesi, A., Falotico, E., Cianchetti, M., & Laschi, C. (2016). Soft assistive robot for personal care of elderly people. In 2016 6th IEEE International Conference on Biomedical Robotics and Biomechatronics (BioRob) (pp. 833-838). IEEE.

The article describes how soft robotic manipulations can be used to make some things easy, for example taking a bath. It describes an idea of how manipulators can be used for bathing activities. It is useful in explaining what models would work best in what tasks, basing that each individual, even the elderly, have different needs that need to be addressed, and the technical issues that occur in different models.

Niemelä, M., & Melkas, H. (2019). Robots as Social and Physical Assistants in Elderly Care. In Human-Centered Digitalization and Services (pp. 177-197). Springer, Singapore.

The article gives a review of care robots and the rate of acceptance in elderly care. The primary focus of this article is the elderly and their caregivers, who have been isolated in technological development. It is relevant to my design as it guides the considerations that should be factored while using robots in elderly care.

Vercelli, A., Rainero, I., Ciferri, L., Boido, M., & Pirri, F. (2018). Robots in elderly care. DigitCult-Scientific Journal on Digital Cultures, 2(2), 37-50.

The article seeks to introduce a new form of care that curbs the challenges faced by most of the elderly, such as hearing loss and blindness. The article describes a system that gives the elderly access to medical care with their families and health providers. This article is relevant as it outlines different AI systems that can be included in my design to make it as effective as possible in caring for the elderly.

References

Ansari, Y., Manti, M., Falotico, E., Mollard, Y., Cianchetti, M., & Laschi, C. (2017). Towards the development of a soft manipulator as an assistive robot for personal care of elderly people. International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems, 14(2). Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1729881416687132

Koceski, S., & Koceska, N. (2016). Evaluation of an assistive telepresence robot for elderly healthcare. Journal of medical systems, 40(5), 121. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1007/s10916-016-0481-x

Manti, M., Pratesi, A., Falotico, E., Cianchetti, M., & Laschi, C. (2016, June). Soft assistive robot for personal care of elderly people. In 2016 6th IEEE International Conference on Biomedical Robotics and Biomechatronics (BioRob) (pp. 833-838). IEEE. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1109/BIOROB.2016.7523731

Niemelä, M., & Melkas, H. (2019). Robots as Social and Physical Assistants in Elderly Care. In Human-Centered Digitalization and Services (pp. 177-197). Springer, Singapore. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7725-9_10

Vercelli, A., Rainero, I., Ciferri, L., Boido, M., & Pirri, F. (2018). Robots in elderly care. DigitCult-Scientific Journal on Digital Cultures, 2(2), 37-50. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/4949863