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Literature Review on Cyber security

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Institution Affiliation

RQ1

Can cyber policy help in the improvement and reclaiming privacy from both government and private sectors and at the same time they are maintaining enforcement of laws and they will be having intelligence on how they are going to be prosecuting cybercriminals? 

Hypothesis

The research paper introduces the hypothesis;

H1

           H0: there is a possibility of making the internet more secure by protecting users and data from cyber-attacks. 

           H1: there is no possibility of protecting internet users from attacks due to the nature of the internet.

H 2

           H0: clear policies on cyber security can help big corporations to be prepared on how they can deal with cyber-attacks in case it happens, this is through inputs from government and corporations regarding the prosecution of cybercriminals. 

Anti-Phishing Group Report (2012), states that when computer technology was being advanced, there was malware that was created to ensure that vulnerabilities of cybersecurity have been curbed. However nowadays malware in most cases it is utilized in the thieving of businesses this is especially corporations with much finances so that some people will be benefiting, (Wells, 2014). It is therefore very necessary for there to be considerations on the hardware devices which will be resistant to tampering. And these devices will be utilized to prevent any criminal from assessing some places and therefore corporations will be very safe from cybersecurity.

There is also another device that has been used in guarding the data and is cryptography this ensures that there is a transmission between users and the data which has been encrypted and with this it is only the recipients who are intended to get such data are in a position to access it. Nevertheless, when people are working towards data security in recent years there has been a program that only allows the utilization of Advanced Harsh standard and through these standards, criminals cannot get a chance to tamper with either data or users themselves, (Sommestad, Ekstedt, and Holm, 2013).

The contemporary world can be said to be connected and in most cases, it makes some rights on privacy be lost. It is therefore important that the government and other corporations that are given the mandate to do so should be there to make sure that these rights of a corporation have been safeguarded. Since many governments can be in a position to access all information regarding all people and corporations they should as well look for ways which in the same depth they can be in a position to ensure that privacy rights are being protected, (Susan, Kiki, and Brian, 2013). 

 Elmaghraby and Losavio (2014), stated that many governments are more confident about how they are capable of protecting data from their citizens without the government interfering in privacy rights for these individuals however, this has been seen as almost impossible because some people who are in the government are the same people who are leaking some private information about some corporation to the public. 

Campbell et al. (2003), stated that two alternatives can help in fighting any crime which is related to cybersecurity. There is either agency discretion or there can be used of the soft law. Soft law can be said to be the process through which there is issuing of policy positions to those who are non-binding to what the government is saying and this is to make sure that they are becoming compliant. The soft law recognizes corporations and other stakeholders who are in technology and who are worried about the issue of security and cyber governance and this is always understood because once cyberbullying has occurred there are so many things that can be lost. 

References

Campbell, K., Gordon, L. A., Loeb, M. P., & Zhou, L. (2003). The economic cost of publicly announced information security breaches: empirical evidence from the stock market. Journal of Computer Security, 11(3), 431-448.

Elmaghraby, A. S., & Losavio, M. M. (2014). Cybersecurity challenges in Smart Cities: Safety, security and privacy. Journal of advanced research, 5(4), 491-497.

Sommestad, T., Ekstedt, M., & Holm, H. (2013). The cybersecurity modelling language: A tool for assessing the vulnerability of enterprise system architectures. IEEE Systems Journal, 7(3), 363-373.

Susan A. Macmanus, Kiki Caruson, Brian D. Mcphee (2013). Cybersecurity at the local government level: Balancing demand for transparency and privacy rights. The University of South Florida. 1-20

Wells, L. J., Camelio, J. A., Williams, C. B., & White, J. (2014). Cyber-physical security challenges in manufacturing systems. Manufacturing Letters, 2(2), 74-77.