Literature table by 06/12/2021 at 2:00 pm

Criteria

Article 1

Article 2

Article 3

Article 4

Author, Journal (Peer-Reviewed), and

Permalink or Working Link to Access Article

AL-Shahrani, Abdullah M., Biomedical Research,

https://lopes.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=131036756&site=eds-live&scope=site.

Booles, Keith,

Practical Diabetes, https://lopes.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ccm&AN=104044386&site=eds-live&scope=site.

Gates, Madison L., & Bradford, Robert K.

Journal of Obesity,

https://doaj.org/article/1cded0d1b7ce4a209009ee6e3c07c26f 

Graves, Helen; Garrett, Christopher; Amiel, Stephanie A.; Ismail, Khalida; Winkley, Kirsty.

Primary Care Diabetes

http://dx.doi.org.lopes.idm.oclc.org/10.1016/j.pcd.2016.03.001

Article Title and Year Published

Impact of health education program on diabetic control among diabetic patient managed at diabetic and endocrine center in Bisha, Saudi Arabia (2018).

Management of diabetes within a secure environment (2014).

The impact of incarceration on obesity: Are prisoners with chronic diseases becoming overweight and obese during their confinement? (2015)

Psychological skills training to support diabetes self-management: Qualitative assessment of nurses’ experiences (2016).

Research Questions (Qualitative)/Hypothesis (Quantitative), and Purposes/Aim of Study

Assess the impact of diabetic health education on glycemic control for diabetic patients.

Purpose is to pinpoint the strengths and weaknesses to clinical practices regarding the management of inmates with diabetes.

The aim of study was to understand the link between incarceration and obesity and to investigate the impact of the population that has comorbid diseases.

Explore primary care nurses’ experience of training in psychological skills to support patients’ self management of type 2 diabetes.

Design (Type of Quantitative, or Type of Qualitative)

Quantitative

Qualitative

Qualitative

Longitudinal Study

Qualitative,

Randomized controlled trial

Setting/Sample

Diabetic and Endocrine Center in Saudi Arabia; 465 adult patients with type 2 diabetes

United Kingdom prisons; audit carried out by Booles and Clawson on the weaknesses in care provisions of diabetic patients in a secure setting.

Study conducted between 2005 – 2011 in the department of corrections, east south central region of the United States.

2932 observations of offenders, majority male, white.

23 nurses received training on 6 psychological skills for improving glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: Intervention/Instruments

Participants received an interactive diabetic education program every two months for 1 year. They received self-home blood glucose monitoring logbooks. HbA1c was monitored every 2 months for 1 year.

Literature review on Booles and Clawson’s audit.

Beginning/end height and weight calculated along with BMI.

Nurses were trained on psychological skills by a clinical psychologist over 12 weeks prior to the intervention. After training, the nurses delivered 1x per month patient sessions to diabetic patients.

Analysis

SPSS used to analyze patient demographic characteristics; a paired t-test was used to compare HbA1c before and after health education.

Audit (Booles and Clawson) outcome included absence of diabetic assessment on arrival to prison, inadequate dietary management and support, poor handling of hypoglycemic and ketoacidosis events, and limited education.

Data extracted using electronic health record and offender management system.

Data entered into qualitative computer software Nvivo 10 and themes across participants were compared and contrasted.

Themes identified included in D6 training: learned skills helped nurses transfer responsibility to the diabetic patient.

Key Findings

The HbA1c significantly decreased after completion of the health education program. The average glycemic reduction was around 20%.

Audit identified strengths and weaknesses relating to clinical care of inmates with diabetes. Good practices included support groups, creation of diabetic registers, and availability of blood glucose meters. Challenges included consistency in diabetic teams, poor communication between healthcare staff and prisoners, and poor identification of hypoglycemia.

Mean weight change was an increase of 0.96 kg and mean change in BMI was 0.15; weight was gained during incarceration.

However, chronic disease was not a factor for the weight gain.

Nurses felt they were overstepping their professional role when using motivational interviewing due to lack of guidance.

Primary care nurses felt psychological skills can be positive for patients.

Recommendations

Implementation of regular educational health sessions and follow-up for better glycemic control.

Every diabetic patient, regardless of incarceration, should receive gold standard care.

Policies and procedures should include care strategies for inmates with diabetes.

A prison register of inmate diabetics should be established.

On arrival to prison, screening and dietary assessment should be conducted.

Future studies recommended to better understand the social factors of weight gain during incarceration.

Take into consideration food consumed from the commissary.

Mental health team member support is needed for the primary care nurses to provide quality psychological interventions and motivational interviewing of diabetics.

Explanation of How the Article Supports EBP/Capstone Project

Research outcome shows the effect of diabetes education on the hemoglobin A1c in the adult diabetic patient. My capstone project directly questions the effect of education on hemoglobin A1c.

This article provides recommendations of how to provide gold standard care to incarcerated individuals with diabetes. Empowering the inmates to take control of their own disease can help with management after parole.

Weight gain during incarceration should be taken into account for diabetic patients. Although the study indicated that chronic disease did not play a factor in weight gain, weight control is an important factor for diabetic education.

The psychological aspect of uncontrolled diabetes cannot be ignored when leading a diabetic support group. Throughout the course of the group sessions, the nurse can use psychological interventions.

Criteria

Article 5

Article 6

Article 7

Article 8

Author, Journal (Peer-Reviewed), and

Permalink or Working Link to Access Article

Hunt, CW

Nursing: Research and Reviews

https://doaj.org/article/627d7d95f33b4799a2db012b4ef844bd

Mills, Lesley

European Diabetes Nursing

http://dx.doi.org.lopes.idm.oclc.org/10.1002/edn.249 

Reyes, Jimmy, Tripp-Reimer, Tony, Parker, Edith, Muller, Brandi, & Laroche, Helena.

Global Qualitative Nursing Research

https://doaj.org/article/f59d2538c92d4835b26c17d0b1865361

Wilkinson, A., Whitehead, L, & Ritchie, L.

International Journal of Nursing Studies

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2013.01.006

Article Title and Year Published

Self-care management strategies among individuals living with type 2 diabetes mellitus: nursing interventions (2013).

A prison based nurse-led specialist diabetes service for detained individuals (2014).

Factors influencing diabetes self-management among medically underserved patients with type II diabetes (2017). 

Factors influencing the ability to self-manage diabetes for adults living with type 1 or 2 diabetes (2014).

Research Questions (Qualitative)/Hypothesis (Quantitative), and Purposes/Aim of Study

Purpose of the study is to evaluate nursing interventions in self-management of type 2 diabetic patients.

The study examines if providing a nurse-led specialist diabetes service within a prison setting can reduce HbA1c. Aim was to reduce hospital admissions and improve diabetes management in disadvantaged population.

The study explores barriers and facilitators for diabetes self-management in the adult underserved population with type 2 diabetes.

Identify issues that influence an adult diabetic patient’s ability to self-care.

Design (Type of Quantitative, or Type of Qualitative)

Qualitative

Qualitative

Qualitative

Qualitative

Setting/Sample

Literature review conducted on articles written in English from 2002 – 2012. 40 publications reviewed: randomized controlled trials, quasiexperimental designs, and nonexperimental pretest and post-test designs.

HM Prison Risley, Warrington UK. 27 male prisoners with diabetes were followed up monthly over a 12 months period.

Three small urban and one rural mid-western Federally-Qualified Health Centers. These centers provide medical, dental, and behavioral health services. Eight focus groups utilized consisting of urban/rural underserved patients with type 2 diabetes.

Literature review conducted on issues identified by individuals living with diabetes type 1 or 2 that influenced ability to self-care. 37 qualitative studies were reviewed.

Methods: Intervention/Instruments

Literature Review: PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Cochrane databases were searched

12-month nurse led clinic providing monitoring of glycemic control, weights, and patients’ own blood glucose monitoring reviewed. conducted

Focus Groups completed a demographic information form, health literacy was assessed, and groups were surveyed with key topics.

Literature Review: Joanna Briggs Institute.

Analysis

Themes identified in literature review including a key nursing intervention is diabetic care is education.

A comparison was conducted with a previous year’s cohort who had a diabetes clinic.

Data was audiotaped and transcribed. Transcripts and field notes were coded and themes were identified.

Themes identified in literature review using meta-aggregation. Themes: Communication, education, personal factors, individual adaptability, learning experience, personal beliefs, provider issues.

Key Findings

Nursing interventions in delivering diabetic care to patients are linked to improvements in diabetes knowledge, self-management behaviors, and physiologic and psychological outcomes.

During the 12 months, only one inmate required hospital services for hypoglycemia; no failure to attend the clinic was an improvement from previous year’s clinic; HbA1c levels decreased from 74 mmol/mol to 58mmol/mol.

Nurse led diabetes clinic was effective in reducing HgbA1c, reducing severe hypos, and reduced hospital admissions.

Themes found included difficulty with diet restrictions, especially with family, lack of provider feedback, difficulty with goal setting and confidence, negative emotions, exercise challenging, undesirable medication side effects.

Multiple issues were identified for diabetic patients to effectively self-care. Effective communication and education are paramount for successful self-care. Patients should understand the illness and participate in their own decision-making.

Recommendations

Nursing educational interventions should be delivered to diabetics using various methods such as face-to-face individual and group sessions, telephone, and web sessions.

Change the way diabetic services are provided in prison: review inmates with diabetes monthly with a regular diabetic nurse.

Interventions should include addressing literacy issues, incorporate patient support structures, and include mental health support.

Further research studies should be conducted on educational strategies and culturally sensitive programs.

Nursing communication with patients should be culturally sensitive and recommendations should align with patient’s circumstances.

Explanation of How the Article Supports EBP/Capstone

The role nursing intervention by education and group settings proves to be effective in self-management behaviors of diabetes. This article provides evidence of a positive outcome.

The inmate population in this article directly coincides with the inmate population in my capstone project. The goals are the same.

This article identifies themes in diabetic patients that hinder self-management. It is important to understand barriers in order to provide education on diabetic self-management.

Considerations of self-care abilities for diabetic patients should be deliberated by nursing when conducting education. In addition, population circumstances should be considered by nursing during planning.