Literature Matrix
azeem khan
Literature_Review_Matrix1.pdf
©2010 Walden University Writing Center
Table 1 Review of Literature
Author/
Date
Theoretical/
Conceptual
Framework
Research
Question(s)/
Hypotheses
Methodology Analysis &
Results
Conclusions Implications
for
Future research
Implications
For practice
Maisto
Pollock
Lynch
Martin
Ammerman
(2001)
Coping factors
in relationship
to decreasing
substance
abuse with
adolescents one
year post drug
treatment
What factors
contribute to the
variability in
adolescent
functioning
regarding
substance abuse
one-year post
treatment?
Quasi-experimental
design involving 166
subjects in
Pittsburgh
adolescent research
center. Initial
baseline assessment
and 1 year later. Pre
and posttest
measures included
ACQ, ISE, CTI,
LEQA, SCQ, and
DUSI.
First set of
analysis involved
one-way ANOVA.
Four independent
t-tests conducted
to determine
specific group
differences. The
final set utilized
ANOVA with
repeated measures
1 year later. 36%
of subjects
discontinued
alcohol use.
All clinical groups
demonstrated
improvement at one
year.
Stress and
coping model
useful for
examining
clinical course
of alcohol use
disorders in
adolescents.
Differences
between
participants at
baseline
regarding
coping factors
indicate
significance of
acquisition of
such skills as
part of
treatment
intervention.
De Anda
Bradley
(1997)
Stress,
stressors, and
coping
strategies
among middle
school
adolescents
Adolescents’
perceptions of
their stress use
of coping
strategies and
the adolescents’
evaluation of
degree of
success
regarding
54 middle school
students 12-14 years
old completed
ASCM and STAI.
A four point
Likert scale was
used for analysis.
Internal
consistency was
.95. Results
indicated female
students report
increased degree
of stress.
School related
stressors rated
highest thus schools
are a good place for
intervention/preventi
on. Gender
differences need to
be considered.
Gender and
developmental
differences in
coping need to
be examined.
Adolescents
might be
amenable to
treatment
which teaches
positive coping
strategies,
schools can
help with this
process
©2010 Walden University Writing Center
Author/
Date
Theoretical/
Conceptual
Framework
Research
Question(s)/
Hypotheses
Methodology Analysis &
Results
Conclusions Implications
for
Future research
Implications
For practice
Longabaugh
Morgenstern
(1999)
Examined
current status
of cognitive-
behavioral
coping skills
treatment in
relation to
alcohol
treatment.
Does CBST
differ in
effectiveness for
different kinds
of patients
during different
treatment phases
or potential
relapse
situations? Are
certain CBST
approaches
superior to
others?
Reviewed 9 well-
controlled studies
where patients
voluntarily entered
treatment.
Examined studies
that attempted to
identify the variables
responsible for
CBST effectiveness.
Randomized clinical
trials where the
participants received
CBST. Studies
measured and
analyzed potential
mediators for CBST
effectiveness.
CBST associated
with decrease in
alcohol abuse, but
revealed no
conclusions for the
active mechanisms
of CBST.
CBST is more
effective than other
approaches only
when used as an
adjunct to treatment,
not on its own.
Underlying
mechanisms still
unknown for CBST.
Limited
effectiveness
predicting
efficacy of
CBST differs
among various
patient
subtypes. Need
more studies
and stronger
evidence to
support
hypothesis.
Combine
CBST with
ongoing
treatment such
as motivational
interviewing,
self-help
groups (i.e.
AA), or
medication.
Myers
Brown
(1996)
Psychometric
validation of
the Adolescent
Relapse Coping
Questionnaire
(ARCQ)
-What is the
evidence to
support
psychometric
validity of the
ARCQ?
-Examine
temptation
coping construct
Examine
possible
differences
between adult
and teen
addictive
relapse.
Prospective
longitudinal study
using 136 substance-
abusing adolescents.
ARCQ
administered.
Subjects
interviewed one
year and two years
post treatment.
Results indicated
3 coping factors
that were
evaluated for
criterion and
construct validity.
Factors
demonstrated
good internal
consistency.
Analysis provides
support for
psychometric
validity of ARCQ;
validate use of
temptation coping
construct and
differences between
adults and teens.
Consider
developmental
aspects of
client. Further
assessment
needed of
actual coping
in relapse risk
situations.
Address
differences
such as –
shorter history
of substance
abuse
-less developed
coping skills
- teens
encounter
different
relapse
situations.
Author/
Date
Theoretical/
Conceptual
Research
Question(s)/
Methodology Analysis &
Results
Conclusions Implications
for
Implications
For practice
©2010 Walden University Writing Center
Framework Hypotheses Future research
Brown
Myers
Mott
(1993)
Increased
problem-
focused and
social support
coping predict
better outcome
six months
after adolescent
substance
abuse
treatment.
Coping skills for
relapse risk
situations
including
problem-
focused, self-
blame, social-
support and
wishful thinking
strategies
assessed during
treatment
predict 6-month
outcome for
adolescents.
57 substance-
abusing adolescents
admitted to in
patient drug
treatment.
Completed 90
minute structured
interview, ARCQ,
and self report
analysis.
Multiple
regression analysis
indicated factors
accounted for
significant
difference in the
prediction of a
composite
measure of
treatment outcome
and also predicted
variables
regarding total
length of
abstinence.
There are
differences between
adolescent and adult
cognitive coping
styles.
Social support may
also be useful.
Investigate
intervention
effects directed
toward altering
teens approach
to coping.
Investigate
assessment
with behavioral
physiological
measures.
Increased
emphasis on
cognitive
vigilance,
styles of
cognitive
coping, and
develops skills
for obtaining
social support.
Myers
Brown
(1990)
Adolescents
who relapse
appraise
hypothetical
high -risk
situations as
more stressful,
and utilize few
coping
strategies in
comparison
with teens who
successfully
abstained.
Individuals who
relapsed will
appraise relapse
situations as
more stressful,
and utilize fewer
coping
strategies.
Pre and posttest
using ARCQ was
administered to 50
inpatient adolescents
in substance abuse
treatment.
Two MANOVAS
were employed.
One assessed
hypothetical
relapse and
indicated a
significant group
effect. Second
analysis revealed
significant
differences
between groups
regarding problem
focused coping
skills.
In hypothetical high-
risk situations,
abstainers and minor
relapsers used more
problem-focused
coping, and
appraised the
situation as more
difficult than major
relapsers.
Future studies
should
investigate
differences
between coping
strategies
employed, and
whether they
existed during
treatment or
developed
through
experience post
treatment.
Clinicians need
to conduct
assessment and
instruction of
problem
focused
strategies.
Increase
emphasis on
cognitive
vigilance and
social support
Author/
Date
Theoretical/
Conceptual
Research
Question(s)/
Methodology Analysis &
Results
Conclusions Implications
for
Implications
For practice
©2010 Walden University Writing Center
Framework Hypotheses Future research
Ouimette
Finny
Moos
(1997)
Compare
effectiveness of
12 step,
cognitive-
behavioral, and
combination of
these
approaches on
substance
abuse, legal,
psychiatric,
residential, and
employment
outcomes for
adults.
-12 step programs
are more effective
with patients
dealing with
substance related
diagnosis.
Decreased
effectiveness with
dually diagnosed
patients.
-Is 12-step
treatment less
effective when
patient is legally
mandated to
substance abuse
treatment?
4193 patients from
15 VA inpatient
programs pre and
posttests. Etoh
assessed, and health
and daily living form
used. Random
assignment to 12
step, cognitive-
behavioral
or mixed groups.
Self report using
HDL, intake
information form,
Follow up
information form,
and stages of
change and
readiness scale.
ANCOVAS and
Hierarchical
logistic regression
employed.
No significant
differences between
groups. 12-step did
as well as cognitive-
behavioral group.
Investigate
treatment
outcomes for
women, and
pursue
biological
information
corroborating
data for self-
reports.
This study only
focused on the
adult male
population.
Investigation of
adolescents
would be
useful.
12-step may be
an effective
treatment
alternative to
cognitive-
behavioral
treatment.
Erickson
Feldman
Steiner
(1996)
A
psychoanalytic
perspective
examining
differences
between
defense
reactions and
coping
strategies in
adolescents.
Hypothesis
states that
defense
reactions are
directly related
to normal
adolescent
adjustment and
to each other
A non-clinic sample
of convenience of 81
high school students
was given the DSQ,
CRI-Youth, and a
GAF.
Defense composites
were correlated
with two coping
composites.
2. Regressions
were employed to
determine defense
and coping
reactions and
adjustments.
Coping strategies
were slightly
associated and made
independent
contributions in
predicting GAF.
Longitudinal
study of gender
specifically
examining
defense and
coping
strategies is
suggested.
Practitioners are
encouraged to
consider
conscious and
unconscious
processes.
Defense
mechanisms and
coping are
relevant to
clinical
assessment
regarding their
ability to predict
general
adjustment.
Author/ Theoretical/ Research Methodology Analysis & Conclusions Implications Implications
©2010 Walden University Writing Center
Date Conceptual
Framework
Question(s)/
Hypotheses
Results for
Future research
For practice
Spear
Ciesla
Skala
(1999)
This study
examined
timing, levels,
and patterns of
relapse for 12
months
following
substance
abuse treatment
in adolescents.
1. What levels of drug use
are the
adolescent
sustaining
one year
post
treatment?
2. How do drug use
frequency
patterns
vary during
one-year
post
treatment?
3. Do levels and patterns
vary with
gender or
drugs of
dependence
?
113 adolescents who
completed 28-day
treatment between
years 1989-1993
were assessed. Data
collected from
clinical records,
random urine
screens, and
independent
interviews at
3,6,9,and 12 months.
Post treatment
interview included
135-item
questionnaire based
on 6 domains:
housing, family,
social participation,
school or work,
substance use, and
support groups.
One-year post
treatment 44.6 %of
adolescents were
using drugs less
frequently. 61.6%
used weekly or
more at end of first
year. 7.9%
abstained
completely. Greater
portion of females
decreased their
substance use vs.
males.
Clients completing
treatment for alcohol
and marijuana, or
just marijuana were
far more likely to
return to
pretreatment use
levels than for
alcohol alone.
Further
research
needed to
examine gender
and drug use in
relation to
specific
patterns of
relapse.
Practitioners
need to give
consideration
to gender and
specific type of
drug use when
designing
aftercare
programs.
Author/ Theoretical/ Research Methodology Analysis & Conclusions Implications Implications
©2010 Walden University Writing Center
Date Conceptual
Framework
Question(s)/
Hypotheses
Results for
Future research
For practice
Bradizza
Reifman
Barnes
(1997)
Study
examined race,
gender, and age
as moderators
of the
relationship
between social
and coping
motives in
alcohol abuse.
1.Coping
motives will be
related stronger
to etoh abuse.
2. Social
motives will be
stronger for
Caucasian
adolescents
3. Coping
motives and
etoh abuse
increase for
females.
4. Coping
motives and
etoh abuse
increase in
younger teens.
699 adolescents
subjects were
assessed using
multiple longitudinal
analyses, phone and
face-to-face
interview.
Instruments included
3 item coping
motive scale, 8 item
social motives scale,
and 9 item
psychological
distress scale.
Reliability analysis
and confirmatory
factor analyses
assessed separately
in each wave of
data. A logistic
regression analyses
was also used.
Coping motive
items alpha
coefficient ranged
from .74 to .87.
Social motive items
ranged from .82 to
.85. .81 reported
for psychological
distress.
This study provided
limited support for
the hypothesis that
females and coping
motives increase
etoh abuse. Also
indicates that white
teens use etoh due to
peer influence.
Examine
development of
cognitive
motivations
and
mechanisms for
which they
influence
drinking
behaviors.
Social motives
for abusing
Etoh are higher
among 16-18
year olds.
Assisting
younger
adolescents in
developing
social networks
may decrease
Etoh misuse.
William
Ricciardelli
(1999)
Investigated
self-control and
restrained
drinking in
relation to
adolescent
ETOH abuse.
Misregulation of
cognitive
control will
increase ETOH
consumption in
adolescents.
198 high school
students in Australia
completed ETOH
consumption
questionnaires,
Adolescent Drinking
Index, Temptation
and restraint
inventory, and
cognitive self-
control inventory.
Descriptive data
utilized. All scales
demonstrated good
internal consistency.
Adolescents, who
demonstrated more
symptoms
connected with
problem drinking
were more
preoccupied with
control, but had
lower actual
cognitive control.
Increased cognitive
emotional
preoccupation and
decreased cognitive
self-control best-
predicted problem
drinking. This
confirms initial
DSM IV ETOH
related symptoms
more likely to be
psychological/social.
Longitudinal
studies needed
regarding
mechanisms of
control.
Gender
differences
should also be
explored.
Clinicians need
to teach
practical skills
to improve
self-control.
Author/
Date
Theoretical/
Conceptual
Research
Question(s)/
Methodology Analysis &
Results
Conclusions Implications
for
Implications
For practice
©2010 Walden University Writing Center
Framework Hypotheses Future research
Plunkett
Radmacher
Moll-
Phanara
(2000)
Differences
will exist
between
genders and
communities of
adolescents
regarding stress
and coping life
events.
Adolescents from
three different
communities will
report different
occurrence of life
events, levels of
stress, and coping
strategies. Males
and females will
report using
different coping
strategies.
Females will
report more
occurrence of life
events and
increased levels
of stress.
207 subjects from
three high schools
completed self-
assessment survey
and 42-item
adolescent life
events checklist.
42 items collapsed
into 16 subscales
used in
MANOVAS.
Internal consistency
and reliability
coefficient ranged
from .60 to .85.
One-way ANOVAS
conducted to
determine if there
were significant
differences between
adolescents in 3
different high
schools. Results
indicated
significant main
effects for school
and gender.
Differences found
between
communities
regarding life events
and stress as well as
differences between
genders.
Research needs
to be conducted
examining
differences of
occurrence of
life events vs.
levels of stress.
Treatment
programs
should be
targeted
towards
differences
between males
and females.
Myers
Brown
(1990)
Types of
coping
responses are
related to
substance
abuse relapse
among
adolescents
In high-risk
situations in
which all teens
successfully
abstain from
substance use.
All outcome
groups will report
similar coping
strategies.
Longitudinal study
involved 50
adolescents over 6
months. Structured
initial and follow up
interviews were
given to both clients
and their parents.
ARCQ assessment
used analyses of
variance to
compare coping
strategies generated
by different
outcome groups.
This study provided
additional support
for the utility of
cognitive-behavioral
approach when
working with the
adolescent
population.
Further
investigation of
differences
regarding
relapse
between
adolescents and
adults needs to
be investigated.
Practitioners
need to utilize
different
behavioral
strategies with
adolescents
post treatment.
Author/
Date
Theoretical/
Conceptual
Research
Question(s)/
Methodology Analysis &
Results
Conclusions Implications
for
Implications
For practice
©2010 Walden University Writing Center
Framework Hypotheses Future research
Botvin
Baker
Dusenbury
Tortu
Botvin
(1990)
This study
theorizes that
cognitive-
behavioral
skills training
will assist with
preventing
adolescent drug
use.
Hypothesis
states that the
onset of
substance use
results from
social and
interpersonal
factors.
Randomized block
design included
4,466 subjects from
56 New York
schools from 1985-
1986 school year.
Pre and Posttest
random assigned
three groups.
1Prevention program
with teacher. 2.
Prevention program
through video tape 3.
Comparison control
group.
A MANOVA and
ANOVA were
conducted.
Effectiveness of
program analyzed
using a 3 x 3
MANCOVA.
Significant effects
were noted in
prevention
program
application.
Results of this study
provided additional
support for
cognitive-behavioral
prevention programs
in the junior high
school population.
Develop
methods for
completeness
of prevention
program
implementation
. This study
supports
cognitive-
behavioral
approaches.
This study
indicates that
teachers are a
large factor in
the successful
implementation
of programs.
Wagner
Myers
McIninch
(1999)
This study
examines stress
coping and
temptation
coping
together. Both
are viewed as
potential
contributors to
substance
abuse
Hypothesis
states stress and
coping and
temptation
coping
contribute to
variance in
substance abuse
problems with
teens. Teens
who have
substance abuse
problems utilize
more emotion
focused stress
coping.
332 ninth-twelfth
graders completed
testing over two-day
period. The
RWCCL. TCQ, and
PESQ were
administered.
Hierarchical
multiple
regression analysis
was employed to
examine the
degree of which
stress and
temptation coping
predict adolescent
substance abuse.
Results supported
the autonomy of
stress coping and
temptation coping in
predicting
adolescent substance
use involvement.
Further
investigation
should be
conducted
regarding the
association
between
avoidance
stress coping
and adolescent
substance
abuse.
Clinical work
should include
bolstering
temptation
coping skills
for managing
tempting
situations.
Also a decrease
of reliance on
emotion
focused coping
for manageable
and longer-
term stressors.
Author/
Date
Theoretical/
Conceptual
Research
Question(s)/
Methodology Analysis &
Results
Conclusions Implications
for
Implications
For practice
©2010 Walden University Writing Center
Framework Hypotheses Future research
Irvin
Bowers
Dunn
Wang
(1999)
There
continues to be
inconsistent
outcome results
for the relapse
prevention
model.
What is the
efficacy of the
relapse
prevention
model?
A meta-analysis was
conducted using 26
studies and
representing a
sample of 9,504
subjects and 70
hypotheses.
Aggregate
findings across
studies. The study
computed all
confidence
intervals for all
effect size
estimates.
Computed
overall CI of r.
Constructed a dot
plot. Analysis
supported overall
efficacy of RP
decreasing
substance use.
RP was indicated in
decreasing substance
use and increasing
psychosocial
adjustment. It
appears RP is most
effective when
applied to alcohol or
polysubstance use
disorders with
adjunctive use of
medications.
Questions which
arise include is
RP effective with
maintaining
long-term
change? Are
specific
components of
RP more
significant
regarding
preventing
relapse? Do
various aspects
lead to different
effectiveness
across classes of
substances, TX?
Settings or
modalities?
Practitioners
need to utilize
RP particularly
with ETOH or
poly substance
disorders with
adjunct
medications.
Myers
Brown
(1996)
Psychometric
validation of
the ARCQ
Questioned what
evidence is
evident to
support
psychometric
validity of
ARCQ, the
temptation
coping
construct, and to
examine
possible
differences
between adult
and teen relapse.
Prospective
longitudinal study
using 136 substance
abusing adolescent
subjects.
The ARCQ was
administered to
subjects at one and
two years post
treatment. Results
indicated 3 coping
factors, which
were evaluated for
criterion and
construct validity.
Factors
demonstrated
good internal
consistency.
Analysis provides
support for
psychometric
validity of ARCQ
and validates use of
temptation coping
construct and
differences between
adolescents and
adults.
Future studies
should
investigate
developmental
considerations
and further
assess actual
coping in
relapse risk
situations.
Clinicians need
to address
differences such
as teens having
less well
developed
coping skills,
shorter histories
of substance
abuse, and
encounter
different
potential relapse
situations.
Author/
Date
Theoretical/
Conceptual
Research
Question(s)/
Methodology Analysis &
Results
Conclusions Implications
for
Implications
For practice
